tow MERCEDES-BENZ C-CLASS SEDAN 2020 Owner's Manual
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: MERCEDES-BENZ, Model Year: 2020, Model line: C-CLASS SEDAN, Model: MERCEDES-BENZ C-CLASS SEDAN 2020Pages: 546, PDF Size: 46.85 MB
Page 4 of 546
Symbols
........................................................ 5 At
agl ance ....................................................6
Coc kpit ....... ..................... ..................... ..........6
Wa rning and indic ator lam ps(sta nda rd).......1 0
Indicat orand warning lam ps(Wide‐
scr een Cockpit)................................ ............ 12
Ov erhead controlpanel ................................ 14
Doo rcontr olpa nel and seatad jus tment .......16
Emerg enciesand brea kdo wns ............ .......... 18 Digita
lOp erator' sMa nua l......................... 20
Callin gup theDigit alOper ator's Manual ...... 20 Gener
alno tes... .......................................... 21
Pr otect ing theen vironmen t... ......... .............. 21
Genui neMer cedes-Ben zpar ts........ .............. 21
Oper ator's Manual ........................................2 2
Ser vice andvehicle operation ......................2 3
Oper ating safety.......... .................................2 4
Decl arati on ofconf ormity forwireless
ve hicle component s... ..................................2 5
Dia gno stics con nection .................. .............. 26 Qualif
iedspec ialistwo rkshop ....................... 26
Cor rect useof theve hicle ............................. 27
Pr oblems withyo ur vehicle ............... ............ 27
Re por tingsaf etydef ects ...............................2 7
Limit edWarrant y.......................................... 28
QR cod efo rre scue card... ............... .............2 8
Dat ast or ag e... ..............................................2 8
Cop yright ...................................................... 31 Occupant
safety.... .....................................33
Re stra int system .............................. .............3 3
Sea tbel ts<0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
00110011001100110011> 35
Airb ags<0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
001100110011001100110011001100110011> 40
PR E-S AFE ®
sy stem ....................................... 47
Saf ely transp orting childr enintheve hi‐
cle ...... ..........................................................4 9
No teson pets intheve hicle ............ .............6 4 Opening
andclosing .................................. 65
Smar tKey <0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
001100110011001100110011> 65
Door s<0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011> 70
Tr unk ................................................ .............7 4
Sid ewi ndo ws<0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011> 79
Sli ding sunroof <0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011> 83Ro
ller sun blinds ...........................................8 8
Anti-t heftpr otect ion .....................................8 9 Seats
andstowing ..................................... 93
No teson thecor rect driver's seatpos i‐
tion <0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011> <0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011>.......93
Sea ts<0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011> <0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011>....94
St eer ing wheel ............................................ 101
Eas yentr yand exitfeatur e.........................1 03
Oper ating thememor yfunc tion .................. 104
St ow agear eas ............................................ 105
Cup holder.................................................. 114
Ashtr ayand cigarette light er.......................1 15
Soc kets ........... ............................................ 117
Wi reless chargin gof themobile phone
and connect ionwithth eex terior ant enna ...118
Ins talling/ remo ving thefloor mats .............1 20 Lig
htand visibility ....... .............................12 1
Ext eriorlighti ng............. ..............................121
Int erior ligh ting ........................................... 126
Wi ndsh ield wipe rand windsh ield wa sher
sy stem ........................................................ 127
Mir rors <0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
00110011001100110011001100110011> 129 2
Contents
Page 5 of 546
Oper
ating thesun visor s... .......................... 132 Clim
atecontr ol......................................... 13 4
Ov ervie wof climat econt rolsy stems ..........1 34
Oper ating theclimat econ trol system ......... 135 Dr
ivin gand parking .................................. 141
Dr iving ............ ........................ ............ ........141
DY NA MIC SELE CTswitc h... .........................1 51
Au tomatic transmiss ion.................... .......... 153
Fu nctio nof 4MA TIC<0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
001100110011001100110011001100110011> ...........158
Re fuel ing...... .............................................. 159
Pa rking ........................................................ 161
Dr iving and drivi ng safety systems .............1 70
Ve hicle towing instruct ions .........................2 26 Ins
trument Displa yand on-b oard
co mp uter ...... ............................................228
Ins trument Displayove rview ...................... 228
Ov ervie wof thebutt ons onthesteer ing
wheel ..................... .....................................2 29
Oper ating theon- boar dcom puter.............. 229
Se tting thedesign ....................................... 231 Se
tting thear ea foradd itional values .........2 31
Ov ervie wof displa yson themultifunc ‐
tion displa y... .................................... ..........2 32
Ad jus ting theins trument lighting ............... 233
Menus andsubmenus ................................ 233
Head-up Display... ...................................... 239 Vo
ice Contr olSy stem ............................... 24 1
No teson oper ating safety...........................2 41
Oper ation .......................................... ......... 242
Using theVo ice Cont rolSy stem effec‐
tiv ely <0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011> <0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011>...243
Esse ntialvo ice com mand s.........................2 44 Multimedia
system .................................. 256
Ov ervie wand oper ation .................. ............ 256
Sy stem settings .............................. ............ 265
Fit &Healt hy<0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011> 277
Na vig ation .......................................... ........279
Te lephon e........................................ ...........3 04
Online andInterne tfunctions ..................... 327
Medi a....... ..................................................333
Ra dio .......................................................... 345
Sound .........................................................3 52 Maint
enanceand care....... ......................355
ASS YSTPL US service interva ldispla y........ 355
En gine compartment .................................. 356
Cleanin gand care.......................................3 63 Br
eakdo wnassi stance ............................ 372
Emerg ency............. .....................................372
Fla ttir e<0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
0011> <0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
0011><0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
0011>....374
Batt ery(v ehi cle) <0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
00110011001100110011> <0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
0011001100110011> 380
To w star tin gor towing away <0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
0011001100110011001100110011> 385
Elec trica lfus es<0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
00110011001100110011001100110011001100110011> 390 Whe
elsand tires <0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011
001100110011001100110011> 394
No teson noise orunusua lhandling char‐
act eristic s...................................................3 94
No teson regular lyinsp ecting wheels and
tir es ............................................................ 394
No teson sno wch ains ................................ 395
Ti re pressur e.............................................. 396
Loading theve hicle .................................... 403
Ti re labeling ................................................ 407
Def inition ofterm sfo rtir es and loading ......4 12
Chan gingawheel ........................................ 415
Emerg encysparewh eel............ ..................424 Co
ntents 3
Page 9 of 546
1
Steer ing wheel gearshif tpaddles →
155
2 Comb inationswit ch →
122
3 Instrument Display →
228
4 DIRECT SELECT leve r →
153
5 Media display →
256
6 Glovebox →
107
7 Start/ stop butt on →
142
8 Climat eco ntro lsy stems →
135
9 Control pan elforth emultimedia system →
256
A Hazar dwa rning lam ps →
123
B PASSENGER AIRBAGind icat orlam ps →
45
C Stow agecom partment →
107
D Touc hpad →
257
E Control kn ob forvo lume andswitc hingsound
on/ off →
256
F Swit ches themultimedia system on/ off →
256
G Rear-win dowroller sunblin d →
89 H
ECOstar t/ stop funct ion →
150
I ActivePa rking Assist →
213
J Setstheve hicle leve l →
199
K DYNA MIC SELE CTswitc h →
152
L Control pan elforth emultimedia system
(s te er ing wheel) →
229
M Adjus tsthesteer ing wheel electrically →
102
Swi tches thesteer ing wheel heateron/ off →
103
N Control pan elfor:
On-boar dcom puter →
229
Cr uise control →
182
Ac tiveDis tance AssistDIS TRONI C →
185
O Diagno stics con nection →
26
P Open sth ehood →
356
Q Elect ric pa rking brak e →
167
R Light switch →
121
S Control pan elfor: At
aglanc e– Coc kpit 7
Page 21 of 546
1
QRcode foraccessi ngthere scue card →
28
2 Safetyve sts →
372
3 mebutt onand SOS button →
321
4 Chec kingandaddingoper ating fluids →
430
5 Tow- star tin gand towing away →
385
6 Flat tire →
374
7 Startin gassis tance →
383
8 Haza rdwa rning lam ps →
123 9
Fuelfiller flap withins truct ion labels fortir e
pr essu re,fuel type andQRcode foraccessi ng
th ere scue card →
159
A Tow- star tin gand towing away →
385
B TIREFIT kit →
375
C First-ai dkit →
373
D Warning triang le →
373 At
aglanc e– Em erge ncie sand brea kdo wns 19
Page 28 of 546
61
38 1Fr iedr ichsdor f
Ger man y Diagnos
ticsconnection
The diagno stics con nection isonl yint ended for
th econ nect ionofdiagnos ticdevices ataqu ali‐
fi ed specialis two rkshop. &
WARNIN GRisk ofacci dent dueto con‐
necting device sto thediagnos ticscon‐
nect ion
If yo uco nn ect equipme nttoadiagn ostic s
con nectionin theve hicle, itma yaf fect the
oper ation ofvehicle systems.
As are sult, theoper ating safetyof theve hi‐
cle could beaffect ed. #
Onlyconnect equipmenttoadiagn os‐
tic scon nectionin theve hicle whichis
appr ovedfo ryo ur vehicle byMer cedes-
Benz . &
WARNIN GRisk ofacci dent dueto
object sin thedr iver's foot we ll
Obj ectsin thedr iver's foot we llma yim pede
pedal trav el or bloc kadepr essed pedal.
This jeopar dizestheoper ating androad
saf etyof theve hicle. #
Stow allobj ect sin theve hicle secur ely
so that they canno tget intoth edr iver's
fo ot we ll. #
Alw aysins tallth efloor mats securely
and asprescr ibed inorder toensur e
th at ther eis alw ayssuf ficie ntroom for
th epedals. #
Donotuse loose floor mats anddonot
place floor mats ontopof one another. *
NO
TEBatt erydi sc ha rging from using
de vice sconne cted tothediagnos tics
con nect ion Using
devices atthediagnos ticsconnect ion
dr ains thebatt ery. #
Chec kth ech arge leve lof thebatt ery. #
Ifth ech arge leve lis low, charge the
batt ery, e.g. bydriving acon sider able
dis tance. Co
nnecti ngequip ment tothediagnos ticscon‐
nect ioncan lead toemissions monitoring infor‐
mation beingrese t,forex am ple. This maylead
to theve hicle failing tomee tth ere qu iremen tsof
th ene xt emissions inspectionduring themain
inspect ion. Qualif
iedspecialis two rkshop
Plug-in hybrid: obser vetheno tesin theSupple‐
ment .Ot her wise, youma yfa ilto recogni zedan‐
ge rs.
An author ized Mercedes-B enzCent erisaqu ali‐
fi ed specialis two rkshop. Ithas theneces sary
special skills,tools and qualif icat ionsto cor‐
re ctly carryout thewo rkrequ ired on your vehi‐
cle. This particular lyapplies tosaf ety-re leva nt
wo rks. 26
Gener alno tes
Page 37 of 546
The
comp onent sof there stra int system can
be act ivat ed ordep loye dinde pendently of
eac hot her : Com
pone nt Detected dep loy‐
men tsit uation
Fr ont Emer gency Ten‐
si oni ng Device s Fr
ont alim pact, rear
im pact ,side impact ,
ro llo ver Re
ar Em erge ncy Ten‐
si oni ng Device s Fr
ont alim pact, rear
im pact ,ro llo ver Dr
iver' sai rba g,front
pa sse nger airba g Fr
ont alim pact Knee
airbag Front alim pact Side
airbag Sideimpact
Wi ndo wcur tain air‐
bag Side
impact ,ro llo ver,
fr ont alim pact The
front passeng erairb agcan onlybe depl oyed
in an acciden tif th ePA SSENGER AIRBAGOF F
ind icat orlam pis off.Ifth efront passeng erseat
is occupied, makesur e,bo th bef oreand during th
ejour ney,that thest atus ofthefront
passeng erairbag iscor rect (/ page 45). &
WARNIN GRisk ofburnsfrom hotair bag
com ponents
The airbag partsareho taf te ran air bag has
been deployed. #
Donotto uc hth eair bag parts. #
Have adeplo yedair bag replaced ata
qu alif ied spec ialistwo rkshop assoon
as possible . Mer
cedes-Benz recomme ndsthat youha ve the
ve hicle towe dto aqu alif ied spec ialistwo rkshop
af te ran accide nt.Take this int oacc ount ,par tic‐
ular lyifan Em erge ncy Tensi oni ng Device istrig ‐
ge redor an airbag deployed.
If th eEmer gency Tensi oni ng Device sar etrig ‐
ge redor an airbag isdeplo yed, youwill hear a
ban g,and asmal lamoun tof powder mayalso be
re leased:
R The bang willnotge ner ally affect your hear ‐
ing . R
Ingener al,th epo wder released isno thaz‐
ar dous tohealt hbut maycause short-term
br eat hing difficul ties toper sons suffering
fr om asthma orother pulmonar yconditions .
Pr ov ided itis saf eto do so, leavetheve hicle
immediat elyoropen thewindo win order to
pr eve ntbrea thing difficul ties .
Airb agsand pyrotech nic Emerg encyTensi oni ng
De vice scont ain pe rchlor atemat erial, whic hma y
re qu ire spec ialhandlin gor environm entalpro‐
te ction measures. Na tional guideline sre ga rding
wa ste disposal mustbe obser ved. InCalif ornia,
see http:// www .dtsc. ca.go v/Hazar dousW aste/
Pe rchlor ate/inde x.cfm. Seat
belts Pr
otection prov ided bytheseat belt Alw
aysfa sten your seat beltcorrect lybef ore
st ar tin gajo ur ne y.Asea tbe ltcan only prov ide
th ebes tle ve lof protect ion ifit is wo rncor rectl y. Occupant
safety 35
Page 40 of 546
at
elyre placed ataqu alif ied spec ialist
wo rkshop. Mer
cedes-Benz recomme ndsthat youha ve the
ve hicle towe dto aqu alif ied spec ialistwo rkshop
af te ran accide nt.
* NO
TEDama gecau sed bytrap ping the
seat belt If
an unused seatbeltisno tfully retract ed,it
ma ybe come trap pe din thedoor orinthe
seat mechanism. #
Alw aysensur eth at an unus edseat belt
is full yre tract ed. Re
leasing there ar passe nger comp artment
ce nter seat belt If
th elef t-hand rear seat backres tis folded down
and backup again, itma yno tbe possible topull
out there ar passe nger com partment centerseat
belt. Theseat beltmustbe released. #
Pull theseat beltoutappr oximat ely1 in
(25 mm) attheseat beltoutle ton theseat
bac kres tand then release itag ain.
The seat beltisretract edand released. Fa
stening andadjust ing theseat belts If
th eseat beltispulled quickl yor shar ply, the
seat beltretract orlock s. The seat beltstra pcan‐
no tbe pulled outanyfur ther. #
Alw ayseng ageseat belttongu e2 ofthe
seat beltintoseat beltbuckle1 ofthecor‐
re sponding seat. #
Press and hold theseat beltoutle tre lease
and slide seatbeltoutle t3 intoth edesir ed
position . #
Letgo oftheseat beltoutle tre lease and
ens ureth at seat beltoutlet3 locksinto
posit ion. 38
Occupant safety
Page 43 of 546
th
efront passeng erfront airbag iscor rect
(/ page 45) .
* NO
TEImpo rtant poin tsto remember if
th efront passeng erseat isunocc upied In
an acciden t,th ecom ponen tsof the
re stra int system maydeplo yunnec essarily
on thefront passeng erside if:
R Ther ear ehea vyobjec tson thefront
passeng erseat.
R The seat belttongu eis eng aged inthe
seat beltbuckleofthefront passeng er
seat andthefront passeng erseat is
unocc upied. #
Stow object sin asuit able place. #
Onlyone person should useeachseat
belt atanyone time. Depending
onthede tected acci dent situation,
th ewindo wcur tain airbag onthefront
passeng erside maydeplo y.The airbag is
deplo yedre ga rdless ofwhe ther thefront
passeng erseat isoccupied. Pr
otection bytheair bags Dep
endingontheacciden tsituation ,an airbag
ma ysupplement thepr otect ion offere dby acor ‐
re ctly fastened seatbelt. &
WARNIN GRisk ofinju ryor deat hdue to
inc orrect sea tpos ition
If yo ude viat efrom thecor rect sea tpos ition,
th eairbag cannotper form itsintended pro‐
te ctiv efuncti onand deployme ntma yev en
cause further injur ies.
In order toavo idrisk s, eac hve hicle occupant
mus talw aysmak esur eof thefo llo wing:
R Fasten seat belts correctly .Pr egna nt
wo men mustta ke par ticular careto
ensur eth at thelap belt neverlie sacr oss
th eabdomen.
R Adoptth ecor rect sea tpos ition and keep
as faraw ay as poss iblefrom theairbags.
R Obser vethefo llo wing informatio n. #
Alw aysmak esur eth at ther ear eno
objec tsbetween theairbag andvehicle
occupant. To
avo idtherisk sre sulting from thedeplo yment
of an airbag, eachve hicle occupant must
obser vethefo llo wing informatio nin par ticular :
R Beforest ar tin gyo ur jour ne y,adjus tyo ur seat
co rrect ly;th edr iver's seat andfront
passeng erseat should bemo vedas farbac k
as possi ble.
When doingso,alwaysobser vetheinf orma‐
tion onthecor rect driver's seatpos ition
(/ page 93).
R Only holdthesteer ing wheel bythesteer ing
wheel rim. This allows theairbag tobe fully
deplo yed.
R Alw ayslean agains tth eseat backres twhen
th eve hicle isin mo tion. Donotlean forw ards
or agains tth edoor orside windo w.Youma y
ot her wise beinthedeplo yment area ofthe
airbag s.
R Alw ayske ep your feet on thefloor .Do not
put your feet on thecoc kpit, forex am ple. Oc
cupan tsaf ety 41
Page 45 of 546
Con
sequen tly, theairbags cannotprotect
ve hicle occupants asthey aredesig nedto
do. #
Nevermodify thedoor sor par tsof the
door s. #
Alw aysha ve wo rkon thedoor sor door
paneling carried out ataqu alif ied spe‐
cialis two rkshop. &
WARNIN GRisk ofinju rydue todeplo yed
airbag
A deplo yedairbag nolong erhas apr otect ive
func tion andcann otprotect asintended in
th eev ent ofan acciden t. #
Have theve hicle towe dto aqu alif ied
spec ialistwo rkshop inorder tohave the
deplo yedairbag replaced. Ha
ve deplo yedairbags replaced immediat ely. St
atus ofthefront passeng erfront airbag Fu
nction oftheaut oma ticfront passeng er
air bag shutoff
The automatic front passeng erairbag shutoffis
able todetect whe ther thefront passeng erseat
is occupied byaper son orach ild restra int sys‐
te m. The front pass engerairb agisenabl edor
disa bled accor dingly.
When installing ach ild restra int system onthe
fr ont passeng ersea t,alw aysmak esur eof the
fo llo wing:
R Ensur eth at thech ild restra int system isposi‐
tion edcor rectl y(/ page 49).
R Alw aysobser vethech ild restra int system
manuf acturer'sinstallation instruct ions .
R Neverpla ceobjects, e.g.cushi ons,under or
behi ndthech ild restra int system.
R Fully retract theseat cushion lengthadjus t‐
ment .
R The entire base ofthech ild restra int system
mus talw aysre st on theseat cushion ofthe
fr ont-passe nger sea t. R
The backres tof thefo rw ard-f acin gch ild
re stra int system mus tlie asflat as poss ible
ag ains tth ebac kres tof thefront -passen ger
seat.
R The child restra int system mus tno tto uc hth e
ro of or be put under stra in by thehead
re stra int s.Ad jus tth eseat backres tinclin a‐
tion andthehead restra int setting accord‐
ing ly. &
WARNIN GRisk ofinju ryor deat hdue to
object sbe tween thesitt ing surface and
th ech ild restra int system
Objec tsbetween thesitt ing surface and the
ch ild restra int system could affect thefunc ‐
tion oftheaut omatic front passeng erairbag
shut off.
This could result inthefront passeng erair‐
bag notfunc tioningasintended during an
acciden t. #
Donotplace anyobjec tsbetween the
sitting surface and thech ild restra int
sy stem. Occ
upant safety 43
Page 50 of 546
R
Vehicl eswith sliding sunroof:Clo sing the
sliding sunroof.
R Vehicl eswith memor yfuncti on:Moving
th efront passeng erseat toamor efa vo rable
seat position .
R Vehicl eswith multico ntour seat :Incr eas‐
ing theair pressur ein theseat sidebolsters
of theseat backres t.
R PRE-S AFE®
Sound: prov ided that themulti‐
media system isswitc hedon,gener ates a
br iefnoi sesigna lto stimulat eth einnat epr o‐
te ctiv emec hanism ofaper son's hearing.
* NO
TEDama gecau sed byobject sin the
fo ot we llor behin dth eseat The
automatic adjustmentof theseat posi‐
tion mayre sult indamag eto theseat and/or
th eobjec t. #
Stow object sin asuit able place. Re
versing thePRE- SAFE®
sy stem mea sures If
an acc iden tdid notocc ur,th epr e-em ptive
measur esthat we retake nar ere ve rsed.
Yo uwill need toper form certainse ttings your‐
self . #
Ifth eseat beltpre-t ension ingisno tre duced,
mo vetheseat backres tbac kslightl y.
The locking mechanism releases. Fu
nction ofPRE-S AFE®
PL US (anticipat ory
occupant protection plus) PRE-
SAFE®
PL US can detect cer tain im pact s,
par ticular lyan imm inentrear impact ,and take
pr e-em ptive measur estoprotect theve hicle
occupants. Thesemeasur escanno tnecessar ily
pr eve ntan imm inentimpact.
PR E-S AFE ®
PL US can implem entthefo llo wing
measur esindepe ndently of eac hot her :
R Tight ening theseat belts onthedr iver's seat
and front passeng erseat.
R Increasin gbr ak epr essur ewhen theve hicle
is statio nary.This brak eapplication iscan‐ celed
automaticall ywhen theve hicle pulls
aw ay.
If an accident didnotoccur ,th epr e-em ptive
measur esthat we retake nar ere ve rsed.
Sy stem limit s
The system will notinitiat ean yaction inthefo l‐
lo wing situat ions:
R when backingup
The system will notinitiat ean ybr aking applica‐
tion inthefo llo wing situat ions:
R whils tdr ivin g
or
R when entering orexitin gapar kingspace
while using ActivePa rking Assist 48
Occupant safety