intake BMW 325i 1994 E36 Workshop Manual
Page 4 of 759
BMW
SERVICE
MANUUAS
BMW
7
Series
Service
Manual
:
1988-1994
7351,735iL,
740i,
740iL,
750iL
Robert
Bentley
ISBN
0-8376-0328-5
BMW
3
Series
Service
Manual
:
1992-1998
M3,
3181,323i,325i,
328i,
Sedan,
Coupe
and
Convertible
Robert
Bentley
ISBN
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Glory
Days
:
When
Horsepowerand
BMW
Z3
Service
Manual
:
1996-1998
Passion
Ruled
Detroit
4-cylinder
and
6-cylinder
models
Jim
Wangers
ISBN
0-8376-0208-4
RobertBentley
ISBN
0-8376-0327-7
Alfa
Romeo
Owner's
BibleTM
BMW
3-Series
Service
Manual
:
1984-1990
Pat
Braden
with
foreword
by
Don
Black
3181,
325,325e(es),
325i(is),
and
325i
ISBN
0-8376-0707-9
Convertible
RobertBentley
ISBN
0-8376-0325-0
Ford
F-Series
Pickup
Owner's
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Moses
Ludel
ISBN
0-8376-0152-5
BMW
5-Series
Service
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1989-1995
5251,
530i,535i,
540i
including
Touring
Robert
Bentley
ISBN
0-8376-0319-6
BMW
5-Series
Service
Manual
:
1982-1988
528e,
5331,
535i,
535is
RobertBentley
ISBN
0-8376-0318-8
ENTHUSIAST
TITLES
Complete
Roundel
1969-1998
:30
Years
of
the
Magazine
of
the
BMW
Car
Club
of
America
(CD-ROM)
ISBN
0-8376-0322-6
A
French
Kiss
WithDeath
:
Steve
McQueen
and
the
Making
ofLe
Mans
Michael
Keyser
ISBN
0-8376-0234-3
The
Speed
Merchants
:
A
Journey
Through
The
World
of
Motor
Racing,1969-72Michael
Keyser
ISBN
0-8376-0232-7
Mustang
5
.0
Technical
Reference
&
Performance
Handbook
Al
Kirschenbaum
ISBN
0-8376-0210-6
Maximum
Boost
:
Designing,
Testing,
and
Installing
Turbocharger
Systems
Corky
Bell
ISBN
0-8376-0160-6
Volkswagen
Sport
Tuning
for
Street
and
Competition
Per
SchroederISBN
0-8376-0161-4
Sports
Carand
CompetitionDriving
Paul
Frérewithforewordby
PhilHill
ISBN
0-8376-0202-5
Automotive
Books
From
Robert
Bentley
GTI,
Golf,
and
Jetta
Service
Manual
:
1985-
The
Design
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Tuning
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Competition
1992
Gasoline,
Diesel,
and
Turbo
Diesel,
EnginesPhilipH
.
Smith,
6th
editionrevised
by
including
16V
Robert
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David
N
.
Wenner
ISBN
0-8376-0140-1
ISBN
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Going
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Skip
BarberRacing
Corrado
Official
Factory
Repair
Manual
:
School
Carl
Lopez
ISBN
0-8376-0227-0
1990-1994
Volkswagen
United
States
9M-f,
Ir-
Win
n
on
Alexander
with
foreword
ISBN
0-8376-0387-0
by
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Martín
ISBN
0-8376-0070-7
Passat
Service
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1990-1993,
The
Technique
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Motor
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Piero
including
Wagon
Volkswagen
United
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Taruf
fi
with
foreword
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Cabriolet
and
SciroccoService
Manual
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Race
Car
Aerodynamics
1985-1993,
including
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Joseph
Katz
ISBN
0-8376-0142-8
RobertBentley
ISBN
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The
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Intake
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H
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C
.
1993,
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1980-1984
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:
Portrait
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Robert
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Jeep
Owner's
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Moses
Ludel
ISBN
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Eurovan
Official
Factory
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Manual
:
MANUUAS
Volkswagen
Inspection/Maintenance
(I/M)
Emission
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Handbook
:1980-1997
Volkswagen
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Manual
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1977-1984Diesel
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Diesel
RobertBentley
ISBN
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Ghia
Official
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Type1
:1970-1979Volkswagen
United
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ISBN
0-8376-0096-0
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and
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Service
Manual
Type1
:1966-1969
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Harley-Davidson
Evolution
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Ludel
ISBN
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Audi
100,
A6
Official
Factory
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Manual
:
1992-1997,
including
S4,
S6,
quattro
and
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models
.
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ISBN
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Audi
80,
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Official
AUDI
SERVICE
MANUUAS
The
Racing
Driver
Denis
Jenkinson
Factory
Repair
Manual
:
1988-1992
ISBN
0-8376-0201-7
including
80
Quattro,
90
Quattro
and
20-valve
models
Audi
of
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Unbeatable
BMW
:
Eighty
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INJECTION
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Engineering
and
Motorsport
Success
Ford
Fuel
Injection
and
Electronic
Engine
Audi
100,
200
Official
Factory
Repair
JeremyWalton
ISBN
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Charles
O
Probst,
SAE
Manua1
:1988-1991
Audi
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Control
:
1788-1993
.
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.11
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:
1984-1988
Gasoline,
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ISBN
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ISBN
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Turbo,
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Photography
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i
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ISBN
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Management
Charles
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.
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SAE
0370-6
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Audi
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50005
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:
1977-1983
Gasoline
and
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VOLKSWAGEN
OFFICIAL
SERVICE
Gasoline,
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MANUUAS
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Official
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:
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VR6
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TDI
Robert
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ISBN
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SAAB
OFFICIALSERVICE
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Volkswagen
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Saab
90016
Valve
Official
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Manual
:
ISBN
0-8376-0335-8
19851993
RobertBentl
ISBN
0837603129
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900
8
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:
1981-1988
Robert
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ISBN
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:
VOLVO
SERVICE
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1995-1997
Volkswagen
of
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Volve
240
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:
1983-1993
ISBN
0-8376-0380-3
Robert
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ISBN
0-8376-0285-8
Robert
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Page 43 of 759
GENERAL
.
.....
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
100-1
Cylinder
Block
and
Crankshaft
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
100-1
Connecting
Rods
and
Pistons
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
100-1
Cylinder
Head
and
Valvetrain
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
100-2
VANOS
(Variable
Valve
Timing)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
100-2
DISA
(Dual
Resonance
Intake
System)
.
.
.
.
.
100-3
Engine
Management
System
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
100-3
Ignition
......
.
.
.
.........
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
100-5
Fuel
Delivery
..
.
.
.
.....
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
100-5
Cooling
System
.
...........
.
.
.
.
.
.....
.
.
100-5
Lubrication
System
.........
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
100-5
MECHANICALTROUBLESHOOTING
.
.
.
.
100-5
Warnings
and
Cautions
..
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
100-5
Cylinder
compression,
checking
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
100-6
EngineMechanical
Troubleshooting
Table
.
.
.
100-7
DRIVEABILITY
TROUBLESHOOTING
...
100-8
GENERAL
There
are
various
engíne
configurations
used
in
the
1992-
1998
E36
cars
.
See
Table
a
.
On
both
four-
and
6-cylinder
engines,
the
cylinder
block
is
cast
¡ron
with
integral
cyiinders
.
The
cyiinders
are
exposed
on
all
sides
to
circulating
coolant
.
The
fully
counterweighted
crankshaft
rotates
in
replaceable
split-shell
main
bearings
.
Oiiways
drilled
into
the
crankshaft
pro-
vide
bearing
lubrication
.
O¡I
seals
pressed
into
alloy
sea¡
hous-
ings
are
installedat
both
ends
of
the
crankshaft
.
100
Engine-General
Tablea
.
Engine
Specifications
ENGINE-GENERAL
100-1
On-Board
Diagnostics
(OBD)
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
100-8
Basic
Requirements
....
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
....
.100-11
Preventive
Maintenance
......
.
.
.
.
.
.....
100-11
Basic
Engine
Settings
..
.
.....
.
.
.
.
.
.....
100-11
Oxygen
Sensors
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
....
.100-11
Air
Flow
Measurement
and
Vacuum
Leaks
.
.100-12
Battery
Voltage
.
.
...........
.
.
.
.
.
.....
100-12
Wiring
and
Harness
Connections
.
.
.
.
.....
100-13
Ground
Connections
...
.
.....
.
.
.
.
.
.....
100-13
Fue¡
Supply
....
.
...........
.
.
..
.....
.100-14
TABLES
a
.
Engine
Specifications
...
...
...........
.
..
..
.100-1
b
.
Engine
Management
Systems
..
..
...........
..
100-5
c
.
Engine
Mechanical
Troubleshooting
..........
.
.
100-8
d
.
OBD
1
Fault
(Blink)
Codes
(1992-1995
models
only)
.
...
..
..
..........
..
.100-9
e
.
Engine
Driveability
Troubleshooting
...........
.100-15
Model
Engine
code
No
.
of
Dispiacement
Compression
Horsepower
cyiinders
liters
(cu
.
in
.)
ratio
SAE
net
@
rpm
318i/is/¡C
1992-1995
M42
4
1
.8
(109
.6)
10
.0
:1
100
@
6000
1996-1998
M44
4
1
.9
(115
.6)
~
10
.0
:1
103
@
6000
323ís/iC
1998
M52
6
2
.5
(152
.2)
10
.5
:1
168
@
5,500
325i/is/iC
1992-1995
M50
6
2
.5
(152
.2)
10
.0
:1
110
@
5,900
328i/is/iC
1996-1998
M52
6
2
.8
(170
.4)
10
.2
:1
190
@
5,300
M3
1995
S50US
6
3
.0
(182
.5)
10
.5:1
240
@
6,000
1996-1998
S52US
6
3
.2
(192
.3)
10
.5:1
240
@
6,000
Cylinder
Block
and
Crankshaft
Connecting
Rods
and
Pistons
The
forged
connecting
rods
use
replaceable
split-shell
bearings
at
the
crankshaft
endand
solid
bushings
at
the
pis-
ton
pin
end
.
The
pistonsare
of
the
three-ring
typewith
two
up-
per
compression
rings
and
a
lowerone-piece
o¡i
scraper
ring
.
Fui¡-floating
piston
pins
are
retained
with
circlips
.
GENERAL
Page 44 of 759
100-2
ENGINE-GENERAL
Cylinder
Head
and
Valvetrain
The
aluminum
cylinder
head
uses
chain-driven
double
overhead
camshafts
and
four
valves
per
cylinder
.
See
Fig
.
1
.
The
cylinder
head
employs
a
crossflow
design
for
greater
power
and
efficiency
.
Intake
air
enters
the
combustion
cham-
ber
from
one
side
while
exhaust
gasses
exit
from
the
other
.
Oílways
in
the
head
provide
lubrication
for
the
camshafts)
and
valvetrain
.
Fig
.
1
.
M52
twin-cam,
4-valve-per-cylinder
engine
with
hydraulíc
lift-
ers
.
On
all
engines
exceptthe
M44
engine,
valveclearance
is
by
seif-adjusting
hydraulic
lifters
.
On
M44
engines,
instead
of
hy-
draulic
lifters,
hydraulic
pedestaisare
used
in
combination
with
roller
rocker
arms
to
actuate
the
valves
.
Hydraulic
pedes-
tals
have
the
same
function
as
hydraulic
lifters,
which
ís
to
maintain
zero
valve
clearance,
reduce
valve
noise,
and
elimí-
nate
routíne
adjustment
.
See
Fig
.
2
.
VANOS
(Variable
Valve
Timing)
GENERAL
1
.
Camshafts
2
.
Rocker
arms
3
.
Hydraulic
valve
adjusters
(HVA)
4
.
Valve
and
conical
valve
spring
4
Fig
.
2
.
Cross
sectionof
M44
twin-cam,
4-valve-per-cylinder
head
.
Note
function
of
hydraulíc
pedestal
in
combination
with
rock-er
arm
(with
roller
bearing
for
reduced
friction)
.
The
main
components
of
the
VANOS
system
arethe
piston
housing
with
integral
spool
valve
and
solenoid,
and
the
modi-
fied
intake
camshaft
and
sprocket
assembly
.
See
Fig
.
3
.
1993
and
later
6-cylinder
engines
are
equipped
with
a
vari-
B11001
able
intake
valve
timing
system,
known
as
VANOS
(from
the
German
words
Variable
Nockenwellen
Steuerung)
.
The
Fig
.
3
.
VANOS
(variable
intake
valve
timing)
systemusedon
M52
en-
VANOS
system
electro-hydraulically
adjusts
intake
valve
tim-
gine
.
When
solenoid
is
actuated,
oíl
pressure
is
directed
to
ingfor
enhanced
mid-range
performance
.
The
VANOS
sys-
front
side
of
gear
cup
piston
.
This
forces
gear
cup
finto
camtem
is
controlled
by
the
engine
control
module
(ECM),
using
shaft
to
advance
intake
valve
timing
.
enginespeed,engine
load
and
engine
temperature
asthe
pri-
mary
inputs
.
When
the
engine
is
running,
the
piston
housing
is
supplied
with
pressurized
engine
oil
víathe
solenoid-actuatedspool
At
low
speeds,
the
intake
valves
open
late
to
ensure
smooth
valve
.
Depending
on
the
position
of
the
spool
valve,
oil
isdi
engine
operation
.
At
mid-rangespeeds,
thevalves
open
early
rected
to
either
the
front
or
back
side
of
the
gear
cup
piston
.
(valvetiming
advanced,
VANOS
actuated)
for
increased
torque,
improved
driveability,
and
reduced
emissions
.
And
at
When
the
solenoid
isin
the
off
position,
engine
oíl
is
direct-
high
speeds,
the
valves
again
open
late
for
optimum
power
ed
to
the
back
side
of
the
piston
.
This
holds
the
gear
cup
for-
and
performance
.
ward
and
valve
timing
is
maintained
at
the
normal
"late"
position
.
When
the
solenoid
is
energized,
the
spoolvalve
is
moved
forward
and
oil
pressure
is
directed
to
the
front
side
of
the
piston
.
This
in
turn
moves
thegear
cup
further
into
the
Page 45 of 759
camshaft
secondary
drive,
causing
thecamshaft
to
"advance"
12
.5°
.
The
helical
gears
are
cut
so
that
forward
motion
of
the
gear
cup
is
transiated
into
rotational
motion
of
the
camshaft
.
See
117
Camshaft
Timing
Chain
for
testing
and
repair
infor-
mation
on
the
VANOS
system
.
DISA
(Dual
Resonance
Intake
System)
DISA,usedon
4-cylinder
engines,
is
a
dual
intake
runner
system
that
effectively
provides
the
advantages
of
both
short
and
long
intake
runners
within
the
same
engine
.
For
best
per-
formance,
long
intake
runners
aremost
beneficial
atlow-
and
mid-engine
speeds
(below
4,200
rpm),
and
short
intake
run-
ners
enhance
torque
at
high
engine
speeds
(above4,200
rpm)
.
NOTE-
The
term
DISA
comes
from
the
German
words
Differ-
enzierte
Sauganlage,
and
can
roughty
be
transiated
as
a
differing
intake
manifold
configuration
.
The
DISA
solenoid
valve
is
controlled
by
the
DME
control
module,
using
engine
speed
as
the
primary
input
.
The
main
components
of
the
system
are
the
modified
twin-section
in-
takemanifoldwith
change-over
valve,
the
twin-barrel
throttle
body,
and
the
electrical/pneumatic
actuating
components
.
See
Fig
.
4
.
r
I
I
I
?
,
in
UpPer,
take
-1
manifold
1
-1
Throttle
housing
(Heated)
q
:lZU
Fig
.
4
.
DISA
system
components
.
DISA
changes
the
intake
runner
length
based
on
engine
speed
.
The
DISA
system
electro-pneumatically
changes
the
intake
runner
length
through
the
twin-section
intake
manifold
and
a
change-over
butterfly
valve
.
The
change-over
valve
is
located
at
a
point
in
the
intake
manifold
where
four
pipes
come
into
two
.
When
the
change-over
valve
is
closed,
the
4-way
primary
intake
manifold
and
the
2-way
ram
air
manifold
areconnected
to
make
the
"long"
configuration
.
When
the
change-overvalve
opens,
intake
air
flow
is
redirected
through
only
the
short
4-
way
primary
intake
manifold
.
The
change-over
valve
is
held
in
the
normally
open
position
bya
spring
.
Thisallows
for
an
open
valve
in
the
event
of
sys-
tem
failure
.
During
low
andmid
enginespeeds,
the
DME
con-
trol
module
supplies
power
to
the
solenoid
valve,
which
in
turn
allows
vacuum
to
be
applied
lo
the
vacuum
diaphragm
.
This
causes
the
valve
to
close
(long-pipe
configuration)
.
When
en-
gine
speed
reaches
approximately
4,800
rpm,
the
DME
con-
trol
module
electrically
signals
the
solenoid
valve
and
the
valve
opens,
creating
the
short
pipe
configuration
:
Further
detafs
on
DISA
canbefound
in
130
Fuel
Injection
.
Engine
Management
System
Al¡
enginescoveredby
this
manual
usean
advanced
engine
management
system
called
Digital
Motor
Electronics
(DME)
.
In
the
DME
system,
advancedOn-Board
Diagnostics
(OBD),
fuel
injection,
ignition,
and
otherfunctions,
are
combined
under
the
control
of
theEngine
Control
Module
(ECM)
.
See
Fig
.
5
.
-
Lower
intake
manifold
DISAvacuum
'
~servo
EíY1z
ENGINE-GENERAL
100-
3
le
-
DISA
solenoid
valve
0012591
/
with
butterfly
va¡
GENERAL
Page 46 of 759
100-4
ENGINE-GENERAL
'
TEMP
PRECAT
POST
CAT
OXYGENSENSOR
HEATING
#
.
THROTTLE
POSITION
FUEL
INJECTOR
CONTROL
(SEQUENTIAL)
OPERATING
POWER
00
CAMSHAFT
POSITION
SENSOR
ECM
I
MAIN
GROUND
RELAY
J_
-
AC
COMPRESSOR
RELAY
CONTROL
TERMINAL
15
MEMORY
POWER
FUEL
PUMP
RELAY
CONTROL
AUX
GROUND
P
CRANKSHAFT
POSITION
dESENSOR
INTAKE
AIR
ENGINE
COOLANT
TEMP
FUEL
TANK
PRESSURE
SENSOR
S-EML
S-MSR
ASC
S-ASC
VEHICLE
SPEED
LOW
FUEL
LEVEL
A/C
SWITCH
ON
(AC)
E36
IHKA
COMPRESSOR"ON"
SIGNAL
(KO)
INDIVIDUAL
SERIAL
NUMBER
MS41
.1
SECONDARY
AIR
1NJECTION
AIR
PUMP®
RELAY
CONTROL
IDLE
CONTROL
VALVE
'M
FUEL
INJECTION
(TI)
ENGINE
SPEED
(TD)
Fig
.
5
.
Siemens
MS
41
.1
OBD
II
engine
management
systemusedon
1996
and
later
M52
engines
.
GENERAL
IGNITION
COILS
CONTROL
L
r"Q
if~
CIYVFIYC
CHE
AMP
CONTROL
ENGINE
THROTTLE
POSITION
6
ECM
RELAY
CONTROL
ASC
THROTTLE
..
:
.
.
..
-11
1Q\\\
POTENTIOMETER
POWER
CAN
TCM
II
SCAN
(DES
;
ER
DIAGNOSIS
OBD
II
I
II
GENERIC
SCANTOOL
0012596
Page 51 of 759
NOTE-
"
On
carswith
OBD
ti,
specialized
OBD
11
scan
tool
equipment
must
be
used
to
access
the
DTCs,
either
using
the
BMW
special
tool
ora
`generic"
OBD
11
scan
tool
.
See
130
Fuel
Injection
.
"
The
08D
11
fault
memory
(including
an
iiluminated
Check
Engine
light)
can
only
be
reset
using
the
spe-
cial
scan
tool
.
Removing
the
connector
from
the
ECM
or
disconnecting
the
battery
will
not
erase
the
fault
memory
.
Table
d
.
OBD
1
Fault
(Blink)
Codes
(1992-1995
modeis
only)
Graphic
representation
of
flashing
Check
Engine
light
fault
code
:
1221
5
Seconds
.
:-
2
.5~-
--05--
Fault
code
and
meaning
1
Corrective
action
Code
1216
:
Throttle
potentiometer
Code
1218
:
Output
stage,
group#1
(DME
3
.3
.ionly)
Code
1219
:
Output
stage,
group
#2
(DME
3
.3.1
only)
Code
1221
:
Oxygen
sensor
#1
Code
1224
:
Air
temperature
sensor
(NTC)
Code
1226
:
Knock
sensor
#2
(DME
3
.3
.1
only)
130
ENGINE-GENERAL
100-
9
2
.5
seconds,
then
go
off
for
2
.5
seconds
.
At
thispoint,
the
fault
codes
will
begin
to
flash
.
See
Table
d
.
If
more
than
one
fault
has
been
detected,
eachcode
will
be
separated
by
a2
.5
second
pause
.
When
al¡
fault
codes
havebeen
displayed,
there
will
be0
.5
second
flash
and
thenthe
light
will
remain
off
.
To
read
the
codes
again,
turn
the
key
off
and
then
on
again
.
Depress
theaccelerator
pedal
to
the
floor
five
times
quickly
(within
5
seconds)
.
The
codes
will
begin
to
repeat
.
On
cars
with
OBD
I,
fault
codes
can
be
read
by
turning
the
To
erase
the
fault
code
memory,
first
make
sure
the
fault
ignition
key
on
and
fully
depressing
theaccelerator
pedal
to
code
1000
(short
blink
and
then
light
goes
out
for
long
period)
the
floor
five
times
within
five
seconds
.
TheCheck
Engine
is
present,
then
depress
the
throttle
fully
for
at
least
10
sec-
light
will
then
remain
on
for
five
seconds,
blink
off,
come
on
for
onds
.
Read
the
fault
codes
as
described
earlier
and
check
for
the
1444
code
(no
faults
stored)
.
-,--------------
Check
Engine
light
on
Check
Engine
light
off
Code
1211
:
DM
E
Control
Module
DME
control
module
may
be
faulty
.
This
code
appears
if
the
control
module
fails
the
self
test
.
Check
inputsto
control
module
.
Repair
Group
130
Code
1215
:
Mass
air
flow
sensor
Check
air
flow
or
mass
air
flow
sensor
and
wiring
to
sensor
.
Repair
Group
130
Test
throttle
potentiometer
resistance
and
wiring
.
Repair
Group
130
Test
DME
control
module
input/outputs
.
Repair
Group
130
Test
DME
control
module
input/outputs
.
Repair
Group
130
Check
sensor
output
signal
to
DME
control
module
.
Repair
Group
Code
1222
:
Oxygen
sensor
lean/rich
control
stop
Check
for
intake
air
leaks
or
reasons
forrich
míxture
.
See
Driveabil-
ity
Troubleshooting
given
earlier
in
this
repair
group
Code
1223
:
Coolant
temperaturesensor
(NTC)
1
Test
coolant
temperature
sensor
.
Repair
Group
130
Test
intake
air
temperature
sensor
.
Repair
Group
130
Code
1225
:
Knock
sensor#1
(DME
3
.3
.1
only)
1
Check
knocksensorand
sensor
wiring
.
Repair
Group
120
Check
knocksensor
and
sensor
wiring
.
Repair
Group
120
Code
1231
:
Batteryvoltage
monitor
Test
battery
voltage
and
battery
check
charging
system
and
starter
.
Repair
Group
121
Code
1234
:
Speedometer
"A"signal
(DME
3
.3
.1
only)
Check
wiring
between
instrument
cluster
and
DME
control
module
.
Electrical
Wiring
Diagrams
Code
1237
:
A/C
compressor
cutoff
(DME
3
.3
.1
only)
Test
DME
control
module
inputs/outputs
from
A/C
system
.
Repair
Group
130
Code
1242
:
A/C
compressor
signal
(DME
3
.3.1
only)
Test
DME
control
module
inputs/outputs
from
A/C
system
.
Repair
Group
130
DRIVEABILITY
TROLIBLESHOOTING
Page 53 of 759
Graphic
representation
of
flashing
Check
Engine
light
fault
code
:
1221
-
;
5
Seconds
.
~-
2
.5;-
Fault
code
and
meaning
Corrective
action
Code
1286
:
Knock
control
test
pulse
(DME
3
.3
.1
only)
Check
DME
control
module
inputs/outputs
.
Control
module
may
be
faulty
Repair
Group
130
Code
1000
(light
remains
off)
:
End
of
fault
code
output-all
fault
codes
have
been
displayed
.
No
~
corrective
action
necessary
.
Repeat
test
if
necessary
Code
1444
:
No
more
faults
.
No
corrective
action
necessary
.
This
code
must
be
present
lo
erase
fault
memory
Basic
Requirements
Preventive
Maintenance
The
following
list
contains
basic
checks
that
should
be
made
when
experiencing
driveability
problems
.
1
.
Check
intake
(induction)
system
for
leaks
.
Check
for
cracked,
loose,
or
disconnected
hoses
and
duct
work
.
Check
that
all
hose
clamps
are
tight
.
NOTE-
An
air
leak
allows
unmeasured
airto
enter
the
engine,
offen
resulting
in
an
in
overly
lean
fuel
mixture
and
causing
driveability
problems
which
will
cause
the
Check
Engine
light
to
come
on
.
Table
d
.
OBD
I
Fault
(Blink)
Codes
(continued)
(1992-1995
models
only)
7
-
1
--------------
Check
Engine
light
on
ENGINE-GENERAL
100-
1
1
Check
Engine
light
off
The
condition
of
the
fuel,
ignition
and
emission
controlsys-
tem
components
has
a
directeffect
onengineperformance
and
driveability
.
BMW
specifies
maintenance
of
certain
parts
at
regular
intervals
lo
keep
the
engine
in
proper
tune
.
Extend-
ing
maintenance
intervals
beyond
the
time
or
mileagerecom-
mended
bythe
manufacturer
can
adversely
affect
the
way
the
engine
runs
.
When
troubleshooting
driveability
problems,
a
good
starting
point
is
to
perform
a
major
engine
service,par-
ticularly
if
one
is
overdue
.
For
maintenance
schedules,
major
engine
service
and
other
driveability-related
maintenance
procedures,
see020
Maintenance
Program
.
Basic
Engine
Settings
2
.
Check
that
the
battery
isin
good
condition
.
Check
that
the
cables
are
tight
and
free
of
corrosion
at
both
ends
.
Idle
speed,
idle
mixture
(%CO),
and
ignition
timing
are
not
Check
that
all
related
ground
points
are
firmly
connect-
adjustable
.
The
adaptive
engine
management
system
is
de-
ed
and
in
good
condition
.
Check
al¡
harness
connectors
signed
lo
automatically
compensate
for
changes
in
engine
op-
for
damage
and
corrosion
.
erating
conditions,
although
the
adaptive
range
is
limited
.
Once
these
limits
are
exceeded,
driveability
problems
usually
3
.
Check
for
prwer
and
ground
at
the
Engine
Control
become
noticeable
.
Module
(ECM)
.
Check
the
main
grounds
for
the
ECM
.
See130
Fuel
Injection
.
NOTE-
If
the
DME
adaptive
limits
are
exceeded,
the
Check
En-
4
.
Check
the
fuses
.
Check
for
sufficient
fuel
in
the
tank
.
If
gine
light
will
come
on,
indicating
an
emission
related
the
engine
ranout
of
fuel,
it
will
take
a
little
time
to
re-
fault
.
See
130
Fuel
Injection,
store
fuel
pressure
.
See
160
Fuel
Tank
and
Fuel
Pump
.
Oxygen
Sensors
5
.
Check
for
spark
at
the
spark
plugs
.
If
the
tachometer
needle
bounces
while
the
engine
is
crankedby
the
A
high
oxygen
level
in
the
engine
exhaust
indicates
a
lean
starter
then
the
ignition
system
is
probably
working
cor-
air-fuel
mixture
and
a
low
oxygen
level
indicates
a
rich
mix
rectly
.
See
120
Ignition
System
.
ture
.
The
oxygen
sensor,
shown
in
Fig
.
10,
measures
the
oxy-
gen
content
in
the
exhaust
gasand
generates
a
variable
6
.
Check
for
any
faults
through
the
On-Board
Diagnostics
voltage
signal
.
Using
that
feedback
signal
asan
input,
the
system
.
See
On-Board
Diagnostics
(OBD)
.
DME
control
module
fine
tunes
the
air-fuel
mixture
.
DRIVEABILITY
TROUBLESHOOTING
Page 54 of 759
100-
1
2
ENGINE-GENERAL
NOTE-
The
oxygen
sensor
signal
is
ignored
until
the
engine
reachesa
specified
minimum
temperature
.
Therefore,
The
primary
input
usedby
the
fuel
injection
system
to
deter-
when
troubleshooting
cold
engine
driveability
prob-
mine
how
much
fuel
should
be
delivered
is
the
signal
from
the
lems,
the
oxygensensor
canbe
ruled
out
asa
possible
mass
air
flow
sensor
in
the
intake
air
ductwork
.
cause
.
As
the
oxygen
sensor
ages,
its
ability
to
react
quickly
to
changing
conditions
deteriorates,
and
it
may
eventually
cease
to
produce
any
signal
at
all
.
To
check
the
operation
of
the
oxy-
gen
sensor,
see
130
Fuel
Injection
:
NOTE-
On
1996
and
latercars,
OBD
11
enhanced
emission
standards
require
the
engine
control
module
(ECM)
to
monitor
the
oxygen
content
in
the
exhaust
both
before
and
after
the
catalytic
converter
.
Thisallows
for
tighter
control
of
the
tail
pipe
emissions
and
also
allowsthe
ECM
to
diagnose
converter
problems
.
If
the
DME
de-
tects
that
catalytic
converter
or
oxygensensor
efficien-
cyhas
degraded
pasta
certain
pre-programmed
limit,
it
will
turn
on
the
Check
Engine
light,
and
store
a
diag-
nostic
trouble
code
(DTC)
in
the
ECM
.
DRIVEABILITY
TROUBLESHOOTING
Catalytic
B9506
Air
Flow
Measurement
and
Vacuum
Leaks
Because
proper
fuel
metering
depends
on
accurate
mea-
surement
of
the
incoming
air,
any
unmeasured
air
that
enters
the
engine
downstream
of
the
mass
air
flow
sensor
will
cause
a
lean
air-fuel
mixture
and
possibly
affectdriveability
.
NOTE-
Fig
.
10
.
Regulating
oxygen
sensor
measures
oxygen
content
of
ex-
gattery
Voltage
hausY
gas
as
indicator
of
.¡_fi
.1
ratio
and
"-k,
.
E-
effi-
ciency
.
Monitoríng
oxygen
sensor
(not
shown)
monitors
If
a
large
air
leak
is
causing
driveability
problems,
the
Check
Engine
light
will
usually
be
illuminated
and
a
fault
will
be
stored
in
the
fault
code
memory
.
See
On
Board
Diagnostics
(OBD)
.
There
are
many
places
for
unmeasured
air
to
enter
theen-
gine
.
First,
inspect
all
hoses,
fittings,
ducts,
seals,
and
gaskets
in
the
intake
air
tract
for
cracks
or
looseness
.
It
may
be
neces-
sary
to
remove
parts
that
cannot
be
fully
checked
in
their
in-
stalled
positions
.
Also
make
sure
all
of
the
intake
manifold
and
throttle
body
mounting
nuts
are
tight
.
In
addition
to
air
leaks,
air
restrictions
can
also
cause
drive-
ability
problems
.
Remove
the
air
filter
and
hold
it
up
to
a
strong
light
source
.
If
the
filter
does
not
pass
light,
it
is
restricted
and
should
be
replaced
.
Also,
remove
the
intake
air
ductwork
and
check
for
oily
deposits
at
the
throttle
plate
.
Buildup
in
this
area
can
cause
an
erratic
idle
.
Clean
away
any
deposits
using
a
cloth
wetted
withcarburetor
cleaner
and
reinstall
the
ductwork
.
CAUTION-
Do
not
spray
carburetor
cleaner
directly
in
the
throt-
tle
anea
.
Spraying
cleaner
may
force
it
into
the
throt-
tle
position
switch
or
sensor
and
cause
damage
.
catalytic
converter
operation
.
All
of
the
electrical
components
in
the
fuelinjection
and
igni-
tion
systems
require
a
minimum
voltage
to
operate
properly
.
When
troubleshooting
engine
driveability
problems,
one
of
Replacement
of
oxygensensors
at
the
specified
intenrals
en-
the
first
checks
should
be
to
make
sure
the
battery
is
fully
sures
that
the
engine
and
emission
control
system
wili
continue
charged
and
capable
of
delivering
allits
power
to
the
electricalto
operate
as
designed
.
As
the
oxygen
sensor
ages,
its
ability
to
system
.
react
quickly
to
changing
conditions
deteriorates,
and
it
may
eventually
cease
to
produceany
signal
at
all
.
To
make
a
quick
check
of
battery
charge,
measure
the
volt-
age
across
the
battery
terminals
with
all
cables
attached
and
As
the
oxygen
sensor
ages,
its
ability
to
react
quickly
to
the
ignition
off
.
A
fully
charged
battery
will
measure
12
.6
volts
changing
conditions
deteriorates,
and
it
may
eventually
cease
or
slightly
more,
compared
to
12
.15
volts
for
a
battery
with
a
to
produce
any
signal
at
all
.
To
check
theoperation
of
the
oxy-
25%
charge
.
gen
sensor,
see130
Fuel
Injection
.
Even
a
fully
charged
battery
cannot
deliver
power
unless
it
is
properly
connected
to
the
electrical
system
.
Check
the
bat-
tery
terminals
for
corrosion
and
loosecableconnections
.
If
the
battery
does
not
maintain
the
proper
voltage,
the
charging
system
may
be
atfault
.
See
121
Battery,
Starter,
Alternator
.
Page 57 of 759
al
Icld
Table
e
.
Engine
Driveability
Troubleshooting
c
l
1
I
f
I
I
Oxygen
sensor
faulty
Test
oxygen
sensor
.
ENGINE-GENERAL
100-
1
5
SYMPTOMS
a
.
Engine
fafs
tostart
b
.
Engine
startsbut
stops
immediately
c
.
Erratic
engine
idle
d
.
Poor
engine
responseon
acceleration
e
.
Erratic
engine
operation
in
al¡
speed
ranges
f
.
Excessive
fuel
consumption
g
.
Poor
enginepower,
fails
to
rev
up
h
.
CO
content
toolow
i.
CO
content
too
high
CAUSES
CORRECTIVE
ACTION
a
Fuel
pump
faulty
Test
fuel
pump
.
Repair
Group
160
a
e
Ignition
system
faulty
Test
ignition
system
.
Repair
Group
120
a
Main
relay
or
fuel
pump
relay
faulty
Test
main
relay
.
Repair
Group
130
a
Crankshaft/rpm
position
sensor
faulty
Test
crankshaft/rpm
sensor
.
120
b
c
h
i
ldle
speed
control
valve
faulty
Test
idle
speed
control
valve
.
c
d
e
Throttle
position
sensor
faulty
or
idle
signal
to
Test
throttle
position
sensor
.
DME
control
module
missing
.
c
d
h
i
Mass
air
flow
sensor
faulty
Test
mass
air
flow
sensor
Repair
Group
130
a
b
c
d
e
h
Large
air
intake
system
leak
Check
for
major
intake
air
leaks
downstream
of
mass
air
flow
sensor
.
a
c
d
e
g
h
Fuel
pressure
too
low
Test
fuel
pressure
.
Repair
Group
130
?
I
F
ue
l
pr
essu
r
e
t
oo
high
T
est
f
u
el
pressure
.
Repair
Group
130
d
e
g
h
Fuel
pump
delivery
volume
too
low
Test
fuel
pump
delivery
volume
.
Repair
Group
160
a
c
e
f
h
q
C
oo
l
a
nt
t
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
se
n
so
r
f
au
lty
--]
T
est
coo
l
a
n
t
temp
erature
sensor
.
c
e
~
f
i
~
Fuel
injectors
leaking
Check
fuel
injectors
and
replace
leaking
injectors
.
~
Repair
Group
130
Throttle
plate
binding
or
incorrectly
adjusted
Check
throttle
plate
and
adjust
if
necessary
.
a
c
Electrical
connections
loose,
broken,
or
cor-
Visually
inspect
connectors
and
correct
any
roded
faults
.
Repair
Group
600
Ground
connections
loose,
broken,
or
corroded
Visually
inspect
ground
connections
and
correct
any
faults
.
Repair
Group
600
c
e
~
f
CO
content
too
high
Test
air
flowor
mass
air
flow
sensor
.
Repair
~
Group
130
a
b
c
d
e
CO
content
too
low
Test
mass
air
flow
sensor
.
gb
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
Inputsignals
to
ECM
missing,
ECM
in
limp
Make
electrical
tests
at
DMEECM
relay
.
Repair
home
mode
Group
130
a
~
b
~
c
~
d
e]
f
g
h
i
ECM
faulty
Test
DMEECM
inputs
.
If
all
inputs
are
correct,
replace
ECM
.
DRIVEABILITY
TROUBLESHOOTING
Page 59 of 759
110
Engine
Removal
and
Installation
GENERAL
.
.
.
.
.......
.
.
.
..........
.
...
110-1
Engine,
removing
and
installing
(4-cylinder
engines)
.
..
.....
..
...........
110-1
ENGINE
REMOVAL
AND
INSTALLATION
110-1
Engine,
removing
and
installing
(6-cylinder
engines)
..
...
...
..
.....
..
....
110-4
GENERAL
Some
special
tools
are
required
for
removal
and
installation
of
the
engine
.
Be
sure
to
have
the
necessary
equipment
on
hand
before
starting
thejob
.
CAUTION-
"
Engine
removal
requires
disconnecting
the
bat-
tery
.
This
may
erase
any
system
fault
code(s)
that
havebeen
stored
in
control
unit
memories
.
Check
forfault
codes
prior
to
disconnecting
the
battery
cables
.
"
If
the
Check
Engine
lightis
illuminated
with
the
engine
running,
see
100
Engine-General
for
On-Board
Diagnostics
(08D)
fault
code
infor-
mation
.
"
If
any
other
system
faults
have
been
detected,
as
indicated
by
an
illuminated
ANTI
LOCK,
SRS
or
AST
warning
light,
see
the
appropriate
repair
group
inthis
manual
or
an
authorized
BMW
dealer
for
more
information
on
fault
codes
.
ENGINE
REMOVALAND
INSTALLATION
Engine,
removing
and
installing
(4-cylinder
engines)
Cover
al¡
painted
surfaces
before
beginning
theremoval
procedure
.
Asan
aid
to
installation,
label
al¡
components,
wires,
and
hoses
before
removing
them
.
Do
not
reuse
gas-
kets,
O-rings
or
seals
during
reassembly
.
WARNING
-
Due
to
risk
of
personal
injury,
be
sure
the
engine
is
cold
before
beginning
the
removalprocedure
.
1.
Disconnect
negative
(-)
cable
from
battery
in
luggage
compartment
.
0011969
CAUTION-
Prior
to
disconnecting
the
battery,
read
the
battery
disconnection
cautions
given
at
the
front
of
this
manual
on
page
viii
.
ENGINE
REMOVAL
AND
INSTALLATION
110-1
2
.
Remove
transmission
from
car
.
See230
Manual
Transmission
or
240
Automatic
Transmission
.
3
.
Remove
enginehood
or
place
hood
in
service
positíon
.
See
410
Fenders,
Engine
Hood
.
NOTE-
tt
is
notnecessary
to
remove
the
engine
hood,
but
it
is
helpful
and
will
make
engine
removal
and
installation
easier
.
4
.
Remove
splash
guard
under
engine,
if
applicable
.
5
.
Unbolt
ignition
coil
assembly
from
bracket
on
strut
tow-er
.
Disconnect
wiring
to
ignition
cofs,
then
place
coil
assembly
on
engine
.
6
.
Disconnect
al¡
cables
and
harness
connectors
at
throt-
tle
housing
.
7
.
Unbolt
andremove
complete
air
cleaner
housing
with
mass
air
flow
sensor,
disconnecting
and
labeling
con-
nectors,
ducting
and
hoses
asnecessary
.
See
Fig
.
1
.
Fig
.
1
.
Intake
air
duct
hose
clamp
(A),
mass
air
flow
sensor
connec-
tor
(B),
and
air
cleanerto
air
flow
sensor
clips
(C)
on
M44
en-
gine
.
ENGINE
REMOVAL
AND
INSTALLATION