low oil pressure BMW 318i 1998 E36 Workshop Manual
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: BMW, Model Year: 1998, Model line: 318i, Model: BMW 318i 1998 E36Pages: 759
Page 7 of 759
Please
read
these
warnings
and
cautions
before
proceeding
with
maintenance
and
repair
work
.
WARNING-
"
Friction
materials
(such
as
brake
pads
or
shorts
or
clutchdiscs)
contain
asbestos
fibers
or
other
friction
materials
.
Do
notcreate
"
See
also
Cautionson
page
viü
dustby
grinding,
sanding,
orby
cleaning
with
compressed
air
.
"
Some
repairs
may
be
beyond
your
capability
.
If
you
lack
the
Avoid
breathing
dust
.
Breathing
any
friction
material
dust
can
lead
skills,
tools
and
equipment,
or
a
suitable
workplace
for
any
proce-
to
serious
diseases
and
may
result
in
death
.
duredescribed
in
this
manual,
we
suggestyou
leave
such
repairs
"
Batteries
give
off
explosive
hydrogen
gas
during
charging
.
to
an
authorized
BMW
dealer
service
department
or
other
quali-
Keep
sparks,
lighted
matches
and
open
flame
away
from
the
top
fied
shop
.
of
the
battery
If
hydrogen
gas
escaping
from
the
cap
vents
is
"Do
not
re-use
any
fasteners
that
are
worn
or
deformed
in
normal
ignited,
it
will
ignite
gas
trapped
in
the
cells
and
cause
the
battery
use
.
Many
fasteners
are
designed
to
be
used
only
once
and
to
explode
.
become
unreliable
and
may
fail
when
used
a
second
time
.
This
"
Connect
and
disconnect
battery
cables,
jumper
cablesora
bat-
includes,
but
is
not
limited
to,
nuts,
bolts,
washers,
self-locking
nuts
or
bolts,
circlips
and
cotterpins
.
Always
replace
these
fasteners
with
new
parts
.
"Do
not
quick-charge
the
battery
(for
boost
starting)
for
longer
"
Never
work
under
a
lifted
car
unless
it
is
solidly
supportedon
than
one
minute
.
Wait
at
least
one
minute
before
boosting
the
bat-
stands
designed
for
the
purpose
.
Do
not
support
a
car
on
cinder
tery
a
second
time
.
blocks,
hollow
tiles
or
other
props
that
may
crumble
under
contin-
uous
load
.
Never
work
under
acar
that
is
supported
solely
by
a
"Do
not
allow
battery
charging
voltage
to
exceed
16
.5
volts
.
If
the
jack
.
Never
work
under
thecar
while
the
engine
is
running
.
battery
beginsproducing
gas
or
boiling
violently,
reduce
the
charg-
ing
rate
.
Boosting
a
sulfated
battery
at
a
high
charging
rate
can
"
If
you
are
going
to
work
under
acar
on
the
ground,
make
sure
cause
an
explosion
.
that
the
ground
is
level
.
Block
the
wheels
to
keep
the
carfrom
roll-
ing
.
Disconnect
the
battery
negative
(-)
terminal
(ground
strap)to
"
The
air-conditioning
system
is
filled
with
chemical
refrigerant,
prevent
others
from
starting
thecar
while
youare
under
it
.
which
is
hazardous
.
TheA/C
system
should
be
servicedonly
by
trained
technicians
using
approved
refrigerant
recovery/recycling
"
Never
run
the
engine
unless
the
work
area
is
well
ventilated
.
equipment,
trained
in
related
safetyprecautions,
and
familiar
with
Carbon
monoxide
kills
.
regulations
governing
the
discharging
and
disposal
of
automotive
"
Finger
rings,
bracelets
and
other
jewelry
shouldbe
removed
so
chemical
refrigerants
.
tery
charger
only
with
the
ignition
switched
off,
to
prevent
sparks
.
Do
not
disconnect
the
battery
while
the
engine
is
running
.
that
theycannot
cause
electrical
shorts,
get
caught
in
running
"
Do
not
expose
any
partof
the
A/Csystem
to
high
temperatures
machinery,
or
be
crushed
by
heavy
parts
.
suchas
open
flame
.
Excessiveheat
will
increase
system
pressure
"
Tie
long
hair
behind
your
head
.
Do
not
wear
a
necktie,
a
scarf,
and
may
cause
the
system
to
burst
.
loose
clothing,
or
a
necklace
when
you
work
near
machine
tools
or
"
Some
aerosol
tire
inflators
are
highly
flammable
.
Be
extremely
running
engines
.
If
your
hair,
clothing,
or
jewelry
were
to
get
caught
cautious
when
repairing
a
tire
that
may
havebeen
inflated
using
in
the
machinery,
severe
injury
could
result
.
an
aerosol
tire
inflator
.
Keep
sparks,
open
flame
or
other
sources
"
Do
not
attempt
to
work
onyourcar
if
you
do
not
feel
well
.
You
of
ignition
away
from
the
tire
repair
area
.
Inflate
and
deflate
the
tire
increase
the
danger
of
injury
toyourself
and
others
if
you
are
tired,
at
least
four
times
before
breaking
the
bead
from
therim
.
Com-
upset
or
have
takenmedication
or
any
other
substance
that
may
Pletely
remove
the
tire
from
the
rim
beforeattempting
any
repair
.
keep
you
from
being
fully
alert
.
"
Illuminate
your
work
areaadequately
but
safety
.
Use
a
portable
safety
light
for
working
inside
or
under
thecar
.
Make
surethe
bulb
is
enclosedbya
wire
cage
.
The
hot
filament
of
an
accidentally
bro-
ken
bulb
can
ignite
spilled
fuel
or
oil
.
"
Catch
draining
fuel,
oil,
orbrake
fluid
in
suitable
containers
.
Do
not
use
food
or
beverage
containers
that
mightmislead
someone
into
drínking
from
them
.
Store
flammable
fluids
away
from
fire
haz-
ards
.
Wipe
up
spills
at
once,
but
do
not
store
the
oily
rags,
which
can
ignite
and
burn
spontaneously
.
"
Always
observe
good
workshop
practices
.
Wear
goggles
when
youoperate
machine
tools
or
work
with
battery
acid
.
Gloves
or
other
protectioeclothing
should
be
worn
whenever
thejob
requires
working
with
harmful
substances
.
"
Greases,
lubricants
and
other
automotive
chemicals
contain
toxic
substances,
many
of
which
are
absorbed
directly
through
the
skin
.
Read
the
manufacturer's
instructions
and
warnings
carefully
.
Use
hand
andeye
protection
.
Avoid
direct
skin
contact
"
Cars
covered
by
this
manual
are
equipped
with
a
supplemental
restraint
system
(SRS),
that
automatically
deploys
an
airbag(s)
in
theevent
of
a
frontal
ímpact
.
The
airbag(s)
is
inflated
byan
explo-
sive
device
.
Handled
improperly
or
without
adequate
safeguards,
can
be
accidently
activated
and
cause
serious
injury
.
"
The
ignition
system
produces
high
voltages
that
can
be
fatal
.
Avoid
contact
with
exposed
terminals
and
use
extreme
care
when
working
ona
car
with
the
engine
running
or
the
ígnition
switched
on
.
"
Place
jack
stands
only
at
locations
specified
bymanufacturer
.
The
vehicle
lifting
jacksupplied
with
the
vehicle
is
intended
for
tire
changes
only
.
A
heavy
duty
floor
jack
shouldbe
used
to
lift
vehicle
before
installing
jack
stands
.
See
010
Fundamentals
for
theDo-
.
it-Yourself
Owner
.
"
Battery
acid
(electrolyte)
can
cause
severeburns
.
Flush
contact
area
with
water,
seek
medical
attention
.
"
Aerosolcleaners
and
solvents
may
contain
hazardous
ordeadly
vapors
and
are
highly
flammable
.
Use
only
in
a
wellventilated
area
.
Do
not
use
on
hot
surfaces
(engines,
brakes,
etc
.)
.
"
Disconnect
the
battery
negative
(-)
terminal
(Ground
strap)
"
Do
not
remove
coolant
reservoir
or
radiator
cap
with
theengine
whenever
you
work
on
the
fuel
system
orthe
electrical
system
.
Do
hot
.
Danger
of
bums
and
engine
damage
.
not
smoke
or
work
near
heaters
or
other
fire
hazards
.
Keep
an
approved
fire
extinguisher
handy
.
continued
on
next
page
vii
Page 9 of 759
GENERAL
FUNDAMENTALS
FORTHE
DO-IT
YOURSELF
OWNER
010-1
010
Fundamentals
for
the
Do-lt-Yourself
Owner
GENERAL
.......
.
.
.
......
.
.........
.
.
.010-1
TOOLS
.
.
...
.
............
.
............
010-8
Basic
Tool
Requirements
......
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
010-8
HOW
TO
USE
THIS
MANUAL
.
...
.
...
.
.
.
010-2
JackStands
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.......
.
.
.
.
...
.
.
010-9
Warnings,
Cautions
and
Notes
.........
.
.
.
010-2
Oil
Change
Equipment
.
....
.
......
.
...
.
.
010-9
GETTING
STARTED
.
.......
.
.
.
.
.
......
.010-2
Torque
Wrench
....
.
.
.
....
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
...
.
010-10
Feeler
Gauges
.
...
.
.
.
.......
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
010-10
Safety
....
.
.....
.....
.
.
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
010-2
Digital
Multimeter
.
.
.
.
.
.....
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
010-10
Lífting
the
Car
...........
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
010-3
gMW
Special
Tools
...
.
....
..
.....
.
...
.
010-11
Raising
car
safely
...
..
...
.
...
.
.....
.
...
010-3
Working
under
car
safely
...
..
....
.
.....
.
...
010-4
EMERGENCIES
.
.
.
.
.
.
.....
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
.
010-11
ADVICE
FOR
THE
BEGINNER
.......
.
.
.
010-4
Changing
a
Tire
.
.
.
.
.
.
....
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.010-11
Car
Will
Not
Start
....
.
....
.
.
.
........
.010-11
Planning
Ahead
....
.
...........
.
....
.
.
.
010-4
Jump
Starting
Car
..
.
.
.
....
.
...........
010-12
Cleanliness
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
....
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
010-4
Overheating
.
.....
.
.
.
.........
.
.
.
...
.
010-12
Non-reusable
Fasteners
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
010-5
Low
Oil
Pressure
...
...
.
.
...
.
.
.
..
...
....
010-13
Tightening
Fasteners
.....
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
010-5
Brake
Fluid
Level
.
.
.....
.
.
.
.
.
...
.
.....
010-13
Gaskets
and
Seals
.......
.
.
.
...
.
.....
.
.
.
010-5
Check
Engine
Warning
Light
.
.
.
...
.
.....
010-13
Electrical
Testing
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
010-6
pim
Lights
.....
.
..
.
.
.
....
.
.
.
.........
010-13Wire
Repairs
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
......
010-6
Towíng
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
...
.
.010-13
BUYINGPARTS
.
.
.
.....
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
010-6
Spare
Parts
Kit
.
.
.
.
.
.
.......
.
.
.
.
.
.....
010-14
Genuine
BMW
Parts
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
......
010-6
Non-returnable
Parts
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
......
010-7
TABLES
Information
You
Need
to
Know
.
.
.
.
.
.
......
010-7
a
.
General
Bolt
Tightening
Torques
SERVICE
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.......
.
..........
010-7
Although
the
BMW
is
a
sophisticated
and
complex
machine,
basic
maintenance
can
be
accomplished
byan
interested
own-
er
with
mechanical
skills
and
the
right
information
.
Most
of
the
preventive
maintenance
that
is
required
in
the
lifetime
of
theav-
erage
BMW
is
weil
within
the
capabilitiesof
the
do-it-yourseifer
.
WARNING
-
Do
not
use
this
manual
unless
you
are
familiar
with
basicautomotive
repair
procedures
and
sale
work-
shop
practices
.
This
manual
illustrates
the
work-
shop
procedures
required
for
most
service
work
;it
is
not
a
substitute
for
full
and
up-to-date
information
from
the
vehicle
manufacturer
or
for
proper
training
asan
automotive
technician
.
Note
that
it
is
not
pos-
sible
for
us
to
anticipate
al¡
of
the
ways
orconditions
underwhich
vehicles
may
be
serviced
or
to
provide
cautions
as
to
all
of
the
possible
hazards
that
may
result
'
in
Nm
(max
.
permissible)
.
..
.
...
............
.
010-5
WARNING
-
Your
common
sense
and
good
judgment
are
crucial
tosale
and
successful
service
work
.
Read
proce-
dures
through
before
starting
them
.
Thinkabout
whether
the
condition
ofyour
car,
your
leve¡
of
me-
chanical
skill,
or
your
leve¡
of
reading
comprehen-
sion
might
result
in
orcontribute
in
some
way
to
an
occurrence
that
might
cause
you
injury
damage
your
car,
or
result
in
an
unsafe
repair
.
lf
you
havedoubts
for
these
or
other
reasonsaboutyour
abilíty
to
perform
sale
repair
work
onyour
car,
have
the
work
done
at
an
authorized
BMW
dealer
or
other
qualified
shop
.
This
section
of
the
manual
is
intended
to
helpthe
beginner
get
started
.
To
begin
with
there
is
a
discussion
on
How
To
Use
This
Manual
.
Tips
on
mechanicas
skills
and
workshop
practic-
es
that
can
help
the
beginner
do
a
faster
and
more
thorough
job
can
be
foundunderGettingStarted
.
The
basic
tools
needed
to
do
most
of
the
procedures
in
this
manual
are
foundunder
Tools
.
The
section
ends
with
a
quick
reference
guide
to
Emer-
gencies,
including
basictroubleshooting
and
information
on
how
to
gauge
the
seriousness
of
a
problem
.
GENERAL
Page 11 of 759
WARNING
-
"
Never
work
under
a
lifted
car
unless
it
is
solidly
supported
on
jack
stands
that
are
intended
for
that
purpose
.
Do
not
support
a
car
on
cinder
blocks,
bricks,
or
other
objects
that
may
shift
orcrumble
under
continuous
load
.
Never
work
un-
dera
car
that
is
supported
only
by
the
lifting
jack
.
"
Fuel
is
highly
flammable
.
When
working
around
fuel,
do
not
smoke
or
worknear
heaters
or
other
fire
hazards
.
Keepan
approved
fire
extinguisher
handy
.
"
llluminate
the
work
area
adequately
and
safely
.
Use
a
portable
safety
light
for
working
inside
or
under
thecar
.
A
fluorescent
type
lightis
best
be-
cause
it
gives
off
less
heat
.
If
using
a
light
with
anormal
incandescent
butb,
use
rough
service
bulbs
to
avoid
breakage
.
The
hot
filamentof
an
accidentallybroken
bulb
can
ignite
spilled
fuel
or
oil
"
Keep
sparks,
lighted
matches,
and
any
open
llame
away
from
thetop
of
the
battery
.
Hydrogen
gas
emitted
by
the
battery
is
highly
flammable
.
Any
nearby
source
of
ignition
may
cause
the
battery
to
explode
.
"
Never
¡ay
tools
or
parts
in
the
engine
compart-
ment
or
on
top
of
the
battery
.
They
may
fall
into
confined
spaces
and
be
difficult
toretrieve,
be-
come
caught
in
beits
or
other
rotating
parts
when
the
engine
is
started,
or
cause
electrical
shorts
anddamage
to
the
electrical
system
.
"
The
fuel
system
is
designed
to
retain
pressure
even
when
the
ignition
is
off
.
When
working
with
the
fuel
system,
loosen
the
fuel
fines
slowly
to
al-
low
the
residual
pressure
to
dissipate
gradually
.
Take
precautions
to
avoid
spraying
fuel
.
Lifting
the
Car
FUNDAMENTALS
FOR
THE
DO-ITYOURSELF
OWNER
010-
3
For
those
repairs
that
require
raising
the
car,
theproper
jack-
ing
points
should
beused
to
raise
thecar
safely
and
avoid
dam-
age
.
There
are
four
jacking
points
from
which
thecar
can
be
safely
raised
.
The
jacksupplied
with
thecar
by
BMW
can
only
be
used
at
the
fourside
points
just
behindthe
front
wheel
or
just
in
frontof
the
rear
wheel
.
See
Fig
.
1.
WARNING
-
"
When
raising
the
car
using
a
floor
jack
ora
hy-
draulic
lift,
carefully
position
the
jack
pad
topre-
vent
damaging
the
car
body
.
A
suitable
liner
(wood,
rubber,
etc
.)
should
be
placed
between
the
jack
and
the
car
to
prevent
body
damage
.
"
Watch
the
jack
closely
.
Make
sure
ft
stays
stable
and
does
not
shift
or
tilt
.
As
the
car
is
raised,
the
car
may
rol¡
slightly
and
the
jack
may
shift
.
Fig
.
1
.
3-Seriesjacking
points
(arrows)
.
Raising
car
safely
1
.
Park
car
on
flat,
leve¡
su
rface
.
2
.
Remove
the
round
cover
from
jack
mount
using
a
screwdriver
.
See
Fig
.
2
.
0013126
Fig
.
2
.
Jack
mount
cover
being
removed
from
rocker
panel
.
3
.
Place
jack
fully
into
position
.
See
Fig
.
3
.
Make
sure
jack
is
resting
on
flat,
solid
ground
.
Use
a
board
or
other
sup-
port
to
provide
a
firm
surface
for
the
jack,
if
necessary
.
4
.
Raisecar
slowly
while
constantly
checking
position
of
jack
and
car
.
5
.
Once
car
is
raised,
block
the
wheel
that
is
opposite
and
farthest
from
jackto
prevent
car
fromunexpectedly
roll-
ing
.
GET77NG
STARTER
Page 21 of 759
If
steam
is
coming
from
the
engine
compartment
thenthere
is
With
the
engine
and
ignition
off,
check
for
loose
or
corroded
most
likely
a
burst
coolant
hose
or
a
large
leak
in
the
cooling
battery
cables
or
wires
at
the
battery
or
thealtemator
.
Discon-
system
.
To
find
the
leak,
look
for
signs
of
coolant
leakage
on
necting,
cleaning,
and
reinstalling
corroded
wires
and
connec-
hoses,
at
hose
connections,
or
on
the
radiator
.
Let
theengine
tors
may
solve
the
problem
.
Also
check
drive
belt
tension
as
cool
thoroughly,
then
add
coolant
or
water
to
fill
the
system
and
described
in
020
Maintenance
Program
.
start
the
engine
.
If
a
great
deal
of
water
or
coolant
flows
out
of
the
hole,
then
thecarshouldnot
be
driven
until
repairs
are
made
.
lf
there
is
slight
seepage,
then
it
may
be
possible
to
drive
TOWi
ng
a
short
distance,
adding
coolant
as
needed
.
The
cars
covered
by
this
manual
should
be
towed
witha
tow
truck
using
wheel
lift
or
flat
bed
equipment
.
Do
not
tow
thecar
on
all
four
wheels
except
for
very
short
distances
to
move
it
to
a
safe
place
.
If
thered
engine
oil
pressure
warning
light
illuminates,
imme-
diately
stop
thecar
and
turn
off
the
engine
.
Have
the
vehicle
A
towing
eye
is
provided
in
the
luggage
compartment
tool
kit
.
flat-bedded
or
towed
to
an
authorized
service
center
and
have
The
towing
eye
can
be
screwed
into
the
front
or
rear
bumper
.
the
engine
oil
pressure
checked
.
See
Fig
.
18
and
Fig
.
19
.
Low
Oil
Pressure
NOTE-
Detafed
information
on
checking
the
oil
pressure
is
covered
ín
119
Lubrication
System
.
Brake
Fluid
Leve¡
The
brake
fluid
leve¡
warning
light
may
bean
indicator
of
brake
fluid
loss
.
Problems
with
the
brakesystem
should
be
checked
and
repaired
immediately
.
See
340Brakes
for
more
information
.
Check
Engine
Warning
Light
Dim
Lights
FUNDAMENTALS
FOR
THE
DO-IT
YOURSELF
OWNER
010-13
If
the
"CHECK
ENGI
NE"
warning
light
comes
on
or
flashes,
it
indicates
that
an
emissions-related
fault
has
occurred
.
Faults
suchas
a
failed
oxygen
sensor
or
a
faultyfuelinjector
can
tum
the
light
on,
causing
the
exhaust
or
evaporative
emissions
to
exceed
a
specified
limit
.
The
engine
can
be
safely
driven
with
the
light
on,
although
the
emission
systems
should
be
checked
assoonas
possible
.
See
100
Engine-General
for
more
infor-
mation
on
the
Check
Engine
Light
and
the
On-board
diagnostic
system
.
Headlights
and
instrument
panel
illuminationthat
are
dim
or
gradually
getting
dimmer
generally
indicate
a
problem
with
the
battery
or
charging
system
.
The
battery
charge
indicator
light
may
come
on
as
the
lights
are
dimming
.
In
either
case,
theen-
gine
and
accessories
are
running
off
of
the
battery
alone,
and
will
soon
discharge
it
altogether
.
If
possible,
do
not
stop
the
engine
unless
you
have
the
capa-
bility
to
jump
start
¡t
.
There
may
not
be
enough
power
in
the
starting
system
torestart
the
engine
.
Instead,turn
off
as
many
electrical
consumers
as
possible
.
This
will
reduce
the
current
drain
and
will
allow
thecar
to
be
driven
farther
before
you
lose
all
battery
power
.
Fig
.
18
.
Pry
open
rear
tow
lúg
access
panel
.
When
towingthecar
from
the
front
with
the
rear
wheelson
the
ground,
a
maximum
distance
of
20
miles
is
acceptable
.
If
thecar
needs
to
be
towed
further,
have
the
rear
wheels
placed
on
dollies
.
CA
UTION-
"
Do
not
tow
with
sling-type
equipment
The
front
spoilers
andbumper
covers
may
sustain
dam-
age
.
"
Towínga
BMW
with
an
automatic
transmission
with
the
rear
wheelson
the
ground
can
resuft
in
transmission
damage
due
to
lackof
lubrication
and
should
be
avoided
.
0013128
EMERGENCIES
Page 32 of 759
020-
1
0
MAINTENANCE
PROGRAM
1.
Run
engine
for
afewminutes
to
warm
engine
oil
.
Shut
5
.
When
oil
flow
has
diminished
to
an
occasional
drip,
re-
engine
off
.
install
drain
plugwith
a
new
metal
sealing
washerand
torque
plug
.
2
.
With
car
on
level
ground,
place
drain
pan
under
oil
drain
plug
.
See
Fig
.
5
.
Tightening
Torques
"
Engine
oil
drain
plug
M12
bolt
(17mm
wrench)
.
...
.
..
.
25
Nm
(18
ft-Ib)
-
M22
bolt
(19mm
.
wrench)
...
.
...
.
60
Nm
(44
ft-Ib)
Fig
.
5
.
Engine
oil
drain
plug(arrow)
in
oil
pan
.
3
.
Remove
filter
housingcover
.
Remove
filter
cartridge
and
discard
any
O-rings
.
See
Fig
.
6
.
CAUTION-
Pulí
the
loose
plug
away
from
the
hole
quickly
to
avoidbeing
bumed
by
hot
oil
.
It
wíll
runout
quickly
when
the
plug
ís
removed
.
If
possible,
use
gloves
to
protect
your
hands
.
ENGINE
COMPARTMENT
MAINTENANCE
0012460
Fig
.
6
.
Engine
oil
filter
cartridge
.
Note
O-ring
locations
when
removing
cover
and
filter
.
4
.
Using
a
socket
or
box
wrench,
loosen
drain
plug
at
oil
drain
pan
.
By
hand,
remove
plug
and
letoil
drain
into
pan
.
6
.
Lubricate
and
install
new
O-rings
.
Install
a
new
filter
cartridge
and
housingcover
.
Tighten
cover
.
See
Fig
.
7
.
7
«
a~
.~~
fT~
iII~IIIi~
.
Fig
.
7
.
Oil
flter
housing
on
6-cylínder
engine
.
4-cylinder
engine
is
similar
.
Tightening
Torque
"
Engine
oil
filter
cover
to
oil
filter
housing
...................
25
Nm
(18
ft-Ib)
7
.
Refill
crankcase
with
oil
.'Approximate
oil
capacity
is
list-
ed
in
Tablee
.
Use
dipstick
to
check
correct
oil
level
.
8
.
Start
engine
and
check
that
oil
pressure
warning
light
immediately
goes
out
.
9
.
Allow
engine
to
run
for
a
few
minutes
to
círculate
new
oil,
then
check
for
leaks
at
drain
plug
and
oil
filter
.
Stop
engine
and
reclieck
oil
level
.
ENGINE
COMPAR
ENT
MAINTENANCE
The
information
underthis
heading
describes
routine
mainte-
nance-other
than
oil
change-done
in
the
engine
compart-
ment
.
It
is
not
necessary
for
the
car
to
be
raised
and
supported
off
the
ground
.
Information
on
oil
change
is
given
earlier
under
Engine
Oil
Change
.
Page 41 of 759
NOTE-
Use
a14
mm
or17
mm
alíen
bit
socket
to
remove
the
drain
plug
.
"
If
thecar
is
raised
in
the
air,
it
shouldbe
leve¡
.
Fuel
tank
and
fuel
fines,
inspecting
0012474
Inspect
the
fuel
tank,
fuel
lines,
and
fuel
system
for
damage
or
leaks
.
Check
for
fuel
leaks
in
the
engine
compartment
or
fuel
odors
in
the
passenger
compartment
.
Check
for
faultyfuel
lines
bybending
them
.
If
any
leaks
are
present,
fuel
should
be
expelled
.
Check
for
any
evaporative
emissions
hoses
that
may
have
become
disconnected,
checking
carefully
at
the
charcoal
canister
and
evaporative
emissionspurge
system
.
See130
Fuel
Injection
and
160
Fuel
Tank
and
Fuel
Pump
for
component
locations
and
additional
information
.
WARNING
-
When
checking
for
fuel
leaks,
the
engine
must
be
cold
.
A
hot
exhaust
manifold
or
exhaust
system
could
cause
the
fuel
to
ignite
or
explode
causing
se-
rious
personal
injury
.
Uentilate
the
workarea
and
clean
up
spilled
fuel
immediately
.
Clutch
fluid,
checking
The
hydraulic
clutch
and
the
brake
system
share
the
same
reservoir
and
the
same
brake
fluid
.
Clutch
fluid
leve¡
and
brake
fluid
level
are
checked
at
the
same
time
.
See340
Brakes
for
more
information
.
See210
Clutch
for
information
on
the
clutch
and
the
hydraulic
clutch
operating
system
.
MAINTENANCE
PROGRAM
020-19
Drive
axie
joint
boots,
inspecting
100
Engine-General
The
protective
boots
must
be
closely
inspected
for
cracks
andany
other
damage
that
will
allow
contaminants
to
get
ínto
the
joint
.
If
the
rubber
boots
faf
,
the
water
and
dirt
that
enter
the
joint
will
quickly
damage
¡t
.
Replacement
of
the
drive
axle
joint
boots
and
inspection
of
the
joints
are
described
in
330
Rear
Suspension
.
BODY
AND
INTERIOR
MAINTENANCE
Windshield
Wiper
Biade
Maintenance
Common
problems
with
the
windshield
wipers
include
streaking
or
sheeting,
water
drops
after
wiping,
and
blade
chat-
ter
.
Streaking
is
usually
caused
when
wiper
blades
are
coated
with
road
film
or
car
wash
wax
.
Clean
the
blades
using
soapy
water
.
If
cleaning
theblades
does
not
cure
the
problem
then
they
should
be
replaced
.
BMW
recommends
replacing
the
wip-
er
blades
twice
a
year,
before
and
after
the
cold
season
.
Onold-
er
cars,
check
the
tension
spring
that
holds
the
wiper
to
the
glass
.
Replace
the
wiper
arm
if
the
springs
are
weak
.
Drops
that
remainbehind
after
wipingare
caused
by
oil,
road
film,
or
diesel
exhaust
coating
the
windshield
.
Use
an
alcohol
or
ammonia
solution,
or
a
non-abrasive
cleanser
to
clean
the
windshield
.
Wiper
blade
chatter
may
be
caused
by
dirty
or
worn
blades,
bya
dirty
windshield,
or
by
bentor
twisted
wiper
arms
.
Clean
the
blades
and
windshield
as
described
above
.
Adjust
the
wiper
arm
so
that
there
is
even
pressure
along
the
blade,
and
so
that
the
blade
is
perpendicular
to
the
windshield
atrest
.
Lubricate
the
wiper
linkage
with
a
light
oil
.
The
linkage
is
located
under
the
hood
on
the
drivers
side
.
If
the
problem
persists,
theblades
are
excessively
aged
or
worn
and
should
be
replaced
.
See
611
Wipers
and
Washers
.
Body
and
hinges,
lubricating
The
door
locks
and
lock
cylinders
canbe
lubricated
with
an
oil
that
contains
graphite
.
The
body
and
door
hinges,
the
hood
latch,
and
the
door
check
rods
should
be
lubricated
with
SAE
30
or
SAE
40
engine
oil
.
Lubricate
the
seat
runners
with
multipurpose
grease
.
Do
not
apply
any
oil
to
rubber
parts
.
If
door
weatherstrips
are
sticking,
lubricate
them
with
silicone
spray
or
talcum
powder
.
The
hood
release
cable
should
be
lubricated
as
well
.
The
use
of
winter
lock
de-icer
spraysshould
be
kept
to
an
ab-
solute
minimum,
as
the
alcohol
in
the
de-icer
will
wash
the
grease
out
of
the
lock
assemblies,
and
may
cause
the
locks
to
corrode
internally,
or
become
difficult
to
operate
.
ENGINE-GENERAL
100-1
Page 44 of 759
100-2
ENGINE-GENERAL
Cylinder
Head
and
Valvetrain
The
aluminum
cylinder
head
uses
chain-driven
double
overhead
camshafts
and
four
valves
per
cylinder
.
See
Fig
.
1
.
The
cylinder
head
employs
a
crossflow
design
for
greater
power
and
efficiency
.
Intake
air
enters
the
combustion
cham-
ber
from
one
side
while
exhaust
gasses
exit
from
the
other
.
Oílways
in
the
head
provide
lubrication
for
the
camshafts)
and
valvetrain
.
Fig
.
1
.
M52
twin-cam,
4-valve-per-cylinder
engine
with
hydraulíc
lift-
ers
.
On
all
engines
exceptthe
M44
engine,
valveclearance
is
by
seif-adjusting
hydraulic
lifters
.
On
M44
engines,
instead
of
hy-
draulic
lifters,
hydraulic
pedestaisare
used
in
combination
with
roller
rocker
arms
to
actuate
the
valves
.
Hydraulic
pedes-
tals
have
the
same
function
as
hydraulic
lifters,
which
ís
to
maintain
zero
valve
clearance,
reduce
valve
noise,
and
elimí-
nate
routíne
adjustment
.
See
Fig
.
2
.
VANOS
(Variable
Valve
Timing)
GENERAL
1
.
Camshafts
2
.
Rocker
arms
3
.
Hydraulic
valve
adjusters
(HVA)
4
.
Valve
and
conical
valve
spring
4
Fig
.
2
.
Cross
sectionof
M44
twin-cam,
4-valve-per-cylinder
head
.
Note
function
of
hydraulíc
pedestal
in
combination
with
rock-er
arm
(with
roller
bearing
for
reduced
friction)
.
The
main
components
of
the
VANOS
system
arethe
piston
housing
with
integral
spool
valve
and
solenoid,
and
the
modi-
fied
intake
camshaft
and
sprocket
assembly
.
See
Fig
.
3
.
1993
and
later
6-cylinder
engines
are
equipped
with
a
vari-
B11001
able
intake
valve
timing
system,
known
as
VANOS
(from
the
German
words
Variable
Nockenwellen
Steuerung)
.
The
Fig
.
3
.
VANOS
(variable
intake
valve
timing)
systemusedon
M52
en-
VANOS
system
electro-hydraulically
adjusts
intake
valve
tim-
gine
.
When
solenoid
is
actuated,
oíl
pressure
is
directed
to
ingfor
enhanced
mid-range
performance
.
The
VANOS
sys-
front
side
of
gear
cup
piston
.
This
forces
gear
cup
finto
camtem
is
controlled
by
the
engine
control
module
(ECM),
using
shaft
to
advance
intake
valve
timing
.
enginespeed,engine
load
and
engine
temperature
asthe
pri-
mary
inputs
.
When
the
engine
is
running,
the
piston
housing
is
supplied
with
pressurized
engine
oil
víathe
solenoid-actuatedspool
At
low
speeds,
the
intake
valves
open
late
to
ensure
smooth
valve
.
Depending
on
the
position
of
the
spool
valve,
oil
isdi
engine
operation
.
At
mid-rangespeeds,
thevalves
open
early
rected
to
either
the
front
or
back
side
of
the
gear
cup
piston
.
(valvetiming
advanced,
VANOS
actuated)
for
increased
torque,
improved
driveability,
and
reduced
emissions
.
And
at
When
the
solenoid
isin
the
off
position,
engine
oíl
is
direct-
high
speeds,
the
valves
again
open
late
for
optimum
power
ed
to
the
back
side
of
the
piston
.
This
holds
the
gear
cup
for-
and
performance
.
ward
and
valve
timing
is
maintained
at
the
normal
"late"
position
.
When
the
solenoid
is
energized,
the
spoolvalve
is
moved
forward
and
oil
pressure
is
directed
to
the
front
side
of
the
piston
.
This
in
turn
moves
thegear
cup
further
into
the
Page 46 of 759
100-4
ENGINE-GENERAL
'
TEMP
PRECAT
POST
CAT
OXYGENSENSOR
HEATING
#
.
THROTTLE
POSITION
FUEL
INJECTOR
CONTROL
(SEQUENTIAL)
OPERATING
POWER
00
CAMSHAFT
POSITION
SENSOR
ECM
I
MAIN
GROUND
RELAY
J_
-
AC
COMPRESSOR
RELAY
CONTROL
TERMINAL
15
MEMORY
POWER
FUEL
PUMP
RELAY
CONTROL
AUX
GROUND
P
CRANKSHAFT
POSITION
dESENSOR
INTAKE
AIR
ENGINE
COOLANT
TEMP
FUEL
TANK
PRESSURE
SENSOR
S-EML
S-MSR
ASC
S-ASC
VEHICLE
SPEED
LOW
FUEL
LEVEL
A/C
SWITCH
ON
(AC)
E36
IHKA
COMPRESSOR"ON"
SIGNAL
(KO)
INDIVIDUAL
SERIAL
NUMBER
MS41
.1
SECONDARY
AIR
1NJECTION
AIR
PUMP®
RELAY
CONTROL
IDLE
CONTROL
VALVE
'M
FUEL
INJECTION
(TI)
ENGINE
SPEED
(TD)
Fig
.
5
.
Siemens
MS
41
.1
OBD
II
engine
management
systemusedon
1996
and
later
M52
engines
.
GENERAL
IGNITION
COILS
CONTROL
L
r"Q
if~
CIYVFIYC
CHE
AMP
CONTROL
ENGINE
THROTTLE
POSITION
6
ECM
RELAY
CONTROL
ASC
THROTTLE
..
:
.
.
..
-11
1Q\\\
POTENTIOMETER
POWER
CAN
TCM
II
SCAN
(DES
;
ER
DIAGNOSIS
OBD
II
I
II
GENERIC
SCANTOOL
0012596
Page 47 of 759
ignition
Table
b
.
Engine
Management
Systems
engine
has
high
mileage
.
Engine
1
System
4-cylinder
engines
M42
(1992-1995)
Bosch
DME
Ml
.7
M44
(1996-1998)
Bosch
DME
M5
.2
(OBD
II)
6-cylinder
engines
M50
(1992)
Bosch
DME
M3
.1
M50
VANOS
(1993-1995)
Bosch
DME
M3
.3
.1
M52
(1996-1998)
Siemens
MS41
.1
(OBD
II)
S50US
(1995)
Bosch
DME
M3
.3
.1
S52US
(1996-1998)
Siemens
MS41
.1
(OBD
II)
Both
the
4-cylinder
and
6-cylinder
engines
use
a
distributor-
less
ignition
system
with
individual
ignition
coils
for
each
cylin-
der
.
FuelDelivery
Pressurized
fuel
from
the
in-tank
fuel
pump
is
injected
via
solenoid-type
fuel
injectors
.
The
ECM
controls
the
opening
and
closing
of
the
injectors
by
switchingthe
ground
side
of
each
injector
circuit
.
The
exact
amount
of
fuel
injected
is
de-
termined
by
the
amount
of
timethe
injectors
are
open
.
Cooling
System
Whenever
the
engine
is
running,
acoolant
pump
circulates
coolant
through
the
engine
and,
if
either
heater
control
valves
are
open,
through
the
heater
core
in
the
passenger
compart-
ment
.
The
coolant
absorbs
excess
heat
and
carries
it
to
the
ra-
diator
where
it
is
transferred
into
the
passing
airstream
.
A
thermostat
controls
the
flow
of
coolant
through
the
radiator
based
on
engine
temperature
.
Lubrication
System
The
lubrication
system
is
pressurized
whenever
theengine
is
running
.
The
oil
pump
draws
oil
through
a
pickup
in
the
bot-
tom
of
the
oil
pan,thenforces
it
through
a
replaceable
oil
filter
and
finto
the
engine
oíi
passages
.
On
4-cylinder
engines,
the
oil
pump
is
mounted
to
the
front
engine
cover
.
On
6-cylinder
engines,thechain-driven
oil
pump
is
bolted
to
the
bottom
of
the
cylinder
block
.
A
pressure
relief
valve
limits
the
maximum
system
pres-
sure
.
A
bypass
valve
prevents
the
oil
filter
from
bursting
and
insures
engine
lubrication
should
the
filter
become
plugged
.
See
119
Lubrication
System
for
additional
information
.
ENGINE-GENERAL
100-
5
Various
versions
of
DME
systems
are
usedon
thecars
cov-
MECHANICAL
TROUBLESHOOTING
ered
by
this
manual
.
See
Table
b
.
Each
system
is
highly
adaptive
to
compensate
for
things
suchasengine
wear
and
When
troubleshooting
an
engine
that
fails
to
start
or
runs
vacuum
leaks
.
poorly,
first
check
its
mechanical
condition-particularly
if
the
Warnings
and
Cautions
For
personal
safety,
as
well
asthe
protection
of
sensitive
electronic
components,
the
following
warnings
and
cautions
must
be
adhered
to
during
all
troubleshooting,
maintenance,
and
repairwork
.
WARNING
-
"
The
ignition
system
produces
high
voltages
that
can
be
fatal
.
Avoid
contact
with
exposed
termi-
nals
anduse
extreme
caution
when
working
on
a
car
with
the
ignition
switched
on
or
the
engine
running
.
"
Do
not
touch
or
disconnect
any
high
voltage
ca-
bles
from
the
coil,
distributor,
orspark
plugs
while
the
engine
is
running
or
being
cranked
by
the
starter
"
Connect
and
disconnect
the
engine
manage-
ment
system
wiring
and
test
equipment
leads
only
when
the
ignition
is
switched
off
.
"
Gasoline
is
highly
flammable
and
its
vapors
are
explosive
.
Do
not
smoke
or
work
on
a
car
near
heaters
or
other
fire
hazards
when
diagnosing
and
repairing
fuel
system
problems
.
Have
a
fire
extínguisher
available
in
case
of
an
emergency
.
"
Disconnecting
the
battery
may
erase
fault
code(s)
stored
in
control
module
memory
.
Using
special
BMW
diagnosnnc
equipment,
check
for
fault
codes
prior
to
disconnecting
the
battery
cables
.
If
the
Check
Engine
lightis
illuminated,
see
On-
Board
Diagnostics
(OBD)
forfault
code
infor-
mation
.
If
any
other
system
faults
havebeen
de-tected
(indicated
byan
illuminated
warning
light),
see
an
authorized
BMW
dealer
.
CAUTION-
"
Prior
to
disconnecting
the
battery,
read
the
bat-
tery
disconnection
cautions
gíven
at
the
front
of
this
manual
on
page
viii
.
"
Do
notconnect
any
test
equipment
that
delivers
a
12-volt
power
supply
to
terminal15
(+)
of
the
ignition
coil
.
The
current
flow
may
damage
the
ECM
.
In
general,
connect
test
equipment
only
as
specified
by
BMW,
this
manual,
or
the
equip-
ment
maker
.
"
Do
not
disconnect
the
battery
with
the
engine
running
.
Do
notrunthe
engine
with
any
of
the
sparkplug
wires
disconnected
.
MECHANICAL
TROUBLESHOOTING
Page 49 of 759
eiioo4
Fig
.
9
.
Remove
ignition
coils
on
6-cylinder
engine
by
disconnecting
harness
connector
and
removing
mounting
bolts
(arrows)
.
NOTE-
"
The
compression
gauge
reading
shoutd
increase
with
each
compression
stroke
and
reach
near
its
maxi-
mum
reading
in
about
4-6
strokes
.
"All
cylinders
shoutdreach
maximum
compression
in
the
same
number
of
strokes
.
If
a
cylinder
needs
sig-
nificantly
more
strokes
to
reach
maximum
compres-
sion,
there
is
a
problem
.
7
.
Release
the
pressure
at
the
compression
gauge
valve,
then
remove
the
gauge
from
the
spark
plughole
.
Re-
peat
the
test
for
each
of
the
other
cylinders
and
com-
pare
the
results
with
the
values
given
below
.
ENGINE-GENERAL
1
:00-
7
Compression
Pressure
"
Minimum
..........
.
.
..
..
10-11
bar
(142-156
psi)
"
Maximum
difference
between
cylinders
..
.....
.........
0
.5
bar
(7
psi)
Reinstall
the
spark
plugs
and
spark
plug
wires
or
ignition
cofs
.
The
remainder
of
installation
is
the
reverse
of
removal
.
Be
sure
to
reihstall
al¡
wires
disconnected
during
the
test,
especial-
¡y
ground
wires
at
the
coils
and
cylinder
head
cover
(where
ap-
plicable)
.
Tightening
Torque
"
Spark
plug
to
cylinder
head
.......
25
Nm
(18
ft-Ib)
Low
compression
indicates
a
poorly
sealed
combustion
6
.
With
the
parking
brake
set,
the
transmission
in
Park
or
chamber
.
Relatively
even
pressures
that
are
below
specification
Neutral,
and
the
accelerator
pedal
pressed
to
the
floor,
normally
indicate
worn
piston
rings
and/or
cylinder
walls
.
Erratic
crank
the
engine
with
the
starter
.
Record
the
highest
values
tend
to
indicate
valve
leakage
.
Dramatic
differences
be
value
indicated
by
the
gauge
.
tween
cylinders
are
often
the
sign
of
a
failed
head
gasket,
bumed
valve,
or
broken
piston
ring
.
Engine
Mechanical
Troubleshooting
Table
Table
c
lists
the
symptoms
of
common
engine
mechanical
problems,
their
probable
causes
and
the
suggested
corrective
actions
.
The
bold
type
indicates
the
repair
groups
where
appli-
cable
test
and
repair
procedures
can
befound
.
MECHANICAL
TROUBLESHOOTING