sat nav MERCEDES-BENZ ML320 1997 Complete Owner's Guide

automatically, after voltage to the radio (A2) was interrupted
manually, by activating the "SPRA" menu in the navigation mode
Loading the language requires approx. 20 s.
If the system is switched off while loading the language, the language data is lost and must be reloaded again.
Avoid strong vibrations to the vehicle (e.g. extremely bumpy roads) while the language is being loaded.
The navigation processor is integrated in the radio (A2).
BASIC LOCATION FINDING, FUNCTION - GF82.61-P-3006D
MODELS 163, 168, 170, 203.0 /2 /7, 208, 209.3 /4, 210 with CODE (353) Audio 30 APS
Basic representation of the basic location finding shown on model 210
Basic location finding (dead reckoning) is the basic function of continuous location finding. It is permanently
carried out by the navigation processor that is integrated in the radio (A2) when the ignition is switched on
(approx. once per second) and is irrespective of the data of the DVD map. After switching off the ignition, the
current position is stored for the duration of the system shut-off delay time.
Fig. 46: Identifying Basic Location Finding Function

The following information is calculated with the aid of basic location finding:
Distance traveled
Absolute vehicle direction (compass direction)
Direction of travel (forward or reverse)
Calculation of distance traveled
The navi
gation processor receives the wheel speed signal of the following components:
Route calculation,
function GF82.61-P-3011E

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Left rear rpm sensor (L6/3) (model 168)
Wheel speed sensor, left front (L6/1)
Right front rpm sensor (L6/2) (model 208, 210)
Left front rpm sensor (L6/1) and right front rpm sensor (L6/2) (models 203, 209)
The evaluation of the wheel speed signals reveals the mileage covered.
The wheel speed signals of the not driven wheels are evaluated, since their slip between the roadway and tire
is lower, which results in a more accurate result when calculating the mileage.
Calculation of the vehicle orientation
The navigation computer calculates the direction in which the vehicle is traveling (compass direction) from the
data from the gyrosensor and the sequence of locations calculated with the aid of the global positioning system
(GPS). The difference in the calculated mileage and the mileage actually covered between 2 turn-off points is
used to automatically recalibrate the tire circumference (necessary due to tire wear).
Calculation of the direction of motion
The navigation processor recognizes the direction of motion (forward or reverse) from the reverse signal.
Calibration of tire circumference
As a matter of principle, the navigation system recalibrates itself while driving as described. However, this may
require driving a longer distance. After changing tires, manual recalibration should therefore be accomplished.
To do this, it is necessary to enter the tire size (e.g.:195/050/015)and possibly the following information:
new tires (tread depth > approx. 5 mm)
used tires (tread depth < approx. 5 mm)
The entry can be done two different ways:
With aid of STAR DIAGNOSIS.
By calling the "Navigation --> TIRE" menu at the radio (A2)
Errors due to vehicle movement with switched off ignition lead to an inaccurate basic location finding.
Rolling backwards without the reverse gear engaged is evaluated as forwards motion, and may lead to an error
in the location finding. Rolling with the ignition switched off or vehicle transportation also falsify map
matching.
The errors are, however, corrected automatically after a short time by the navigation processor after
receiving GPS data.
A special calibration drive by driving around a defined test path is not ever required.

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BASIC LOCATION FINDING, FUNCTION - GF82.61-P-3006GI
MODEL 163 as of 1.9.01 with CODE (522) Modular control system (MCS) radio USA with CODE (357)
Navigation system - additional unit with CODE (818b) Single CD player - additional unit with CODE
(491) U.S. version
Fig. 47: Identifying Basic Location Finding, Function

Basic location finding (dead reckoning)
Is the basic function of permanent location finding It is accomplished permanently by the navigation processor
when the ignition is switched on and is not dependent on the CD-ROM map.
The current position is stored after the ignition is switched off.
The following information is calculated with the aid of basic location finding :
Distance traveled
Direction of motion (forward or backward) and
Direction in which vehicle is pointing
Basic location finding is accomplished approx. once per second .
Distance traveled
The navigation processor receives the signals output by the front right wheel speed sensor (L6/2) from the
traction system control module (N47) via discrete leads.
Evaluation of the wheel speed signals allows calculation of the distance traveled.
Direction of motion
Map-supported location
finding, function GF82.61-P-3008C

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The navigation processor recognizes the direction of motion (forward or reverse) from the reverse signal.
Direction in which vehicle is pointing
From the data of the gyrosensor and the sequence of the locations calculated with GPS the navigation
processor the calculates the direction in which the vehicle is pointing (compass direction).
The difference between calculated and actual distance traveled between two turning points is used for automatic
recalibration of the tire circumference (required due to tire wear).
Location finding errors during basic location finding
Rolling backwards without the reverse gear engaged is evaluated as forward motion, and may lead to an error in
the location finding.
Rolling with the ignition switched off or vehicle transportation also falsify map matching.
In both cases the deviation is automatically corrected by the navigation processor after receiving GPS data .
Calibration
Wheel calibration is not required following tire change.
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM LOCATION FINDING, FUNCTION - GF82.61-P-3007C
MODEL 163, 168, 170, 203.0 /2 /7, 208, 209.3 /4, 210 with CODE (353) Audio 30 APS
Basic representation of the GPS location finding shown on model 210
Global positioning system
location finding, function GF82.61-P-3007GI
Map-supported location
finding, function GF82.61-P-3008GI
Guidance, function GF82.61-P-3012GI
Radio and navigation
module, location/purpose/
design/function GF82.61-P-4109GI

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Fig. 48: Identifying Global Positioning System Location Finding
General information
The global positioning system (GPS) is a location finding system established by the US Defense Department
and is satellite supported. It is toll-free and is available throughout the world. A lot of satellites are located on
different orbits. The GPS satellites constantly transmit time and position data. If data from at least 3 satellites is
received it is possible to calculate the position of the receiver.
GPS position finding is irreplaceable for journeys outside the digitized map area and after vehicle transport (e.g.
train or ferry journeys and towing). A new GPS location finding (after interruption of satellite reception) can
last several minutes (up to 20 minutes when first commissioning the equipment).
Function
The navigation processor that is integrated in the radio (A2) calculates the location of the vehicle and the
accuracy of positioning from the satellite signals received and amplified.
The following components can receive satellite data:
Telephone and GPS roof antenna (A2/49) (model 163)
GPS antenna (A2/49a2) (model 168, 208.3, 210)
GPS rear antenna (A2/23a2) (model 170, 208.4)
GPS antenna (A2/23) (model 203, 209)
The actual calculation is essentially based on the measurement of the travel times of the signals sent
synchronously by the various satellites. Here, an important prerequisite is that the satellite and receiver clocks
are synchronized .
For this purpose, the receiver has an automatic time correction feature which again is possible with the aid of
the satellite signals.
If the navigation processor determines that the basic location finding is less accurate than the GPS location
findin
g, the position currently calculated is corrected using GPS data.

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In addition, the vehicle's course of travel is determined with the aid of the sequence of the locations calculated
with GPS.
Possible interference when receiving GPS signals
Since GPS operates in the GHz range (microwaves) and the signals are weak, reception interference can occur
as the result of:
atmospheric interference, e.g. weather, water vapor, fog
multiple reception resulting from reflecting of signals, e.g. from building walls
Signal shadows, e.g., in built-up areas, tunnel, in the proximity of higher buildings and trees
GPS reception therefore necessitates a clear view of the sky. The location finding accuracy of the GPS system is
100 m or better.
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM LOCATION FINDING, FUNCTION - GF82.61-P-3007GI
MODEL 163 as of 1.9.01 with CODE (522) Modular control system (MCS) radio USA with CODE (357)
Navigation system - additional unit with CODE (818b) Single CD player - additional unit with CODE
(491) U.S. version
Fig. 49: Identifying Global Positioning System Location Finding

General
The global positioning system (GPS) is a satellite-supported location findin
g system. It is not subject to fees
GPS/CTEL roof antenna
location/task/design/ functionModels 163,
168,208.3,210GF82.70-P-4111A
Global positioning system antenna,
location/ task/design/functionModels 170, 208.4GF82.61-P-4106A
Models 203, 209.3GF82.61-P-4106E
Model 209.4GF82.61-P-4107Q
Antenna splitter,
location/task/design/functionModel Series 163GF82.85-P-3107B

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and is available worldwide . Presently there are 266 satellites on 6 different earth orbits. The GPSsatellites
permanently transmit time and position data. If data from a minimum of 3 satellites is received (with two-
dimensional location finding) it is possible to calculate the position of the receiver.
The GPS location finding is particularly important when driving outside of the digitized map area and
following vehicle transport (e.g. train, ferry or towing).
A repeated GPS location finding (following satellite reception interruption) can take several minutes (when
unit is initially started up to 20 min .).
GPS map matching function
The navigation processor calculates the location of the vehicle and the accuracy of positioning from the
satellite signals received and amplified by the GPS antenna (A2/49) . The current calculation is based
primarily on the measurement of the transmission times for the signals transmitted synchronously by the
various satellites. Here, an important prerequisite is that the satellite and receiver clocks are synchronized . For
this purpose, the receiver has an automatic time correction feature which again is possible with the aid of the
satellite signals. If the navigation processor determines that the basic location finding is less precise than the
GPS location finding, the currently calculated position is corrected with the aid of the GPS data .
Moreover, the vehicle route is determined from the location sequence calculated with GPS .
Approx. 50 new GPS location finding calculations are performed each minute.
Possible interference when receiving GPS signals
Since GPS operates in the GHz (microwave) range and the signals are weak, reception interferences can
occur from
atmospheric interferences, e.g. weather, water vapor, fog,
multiple path reception due to signal reflections, e.g. from building walls
Signal shadows, e.g. in built-up areas, tunnels, high buildings, trees
A free view of the sky is therefore necessary for GPS reception The location finding accuracy is approx. 100
m or better .
Basic location finding,
function GF82.61-P-3006GI
Map-supported location
finding, function GF82.61-P-3008GI
Guidance, function GF82.61-P-3012GI
Radio and navigation
module, location/purpose/
design/function GF82.61-P-4109GI
GPS roof antenna/telephone, GF82.70-P-4111A

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MAP-SUPPORTED LOCATION FINDING, FUNCTION - GF82.61-P-3008C
MODEL 163, 168, 170, 203.0 /2 /7, 208, 209.3 /4, 210 with CODE (353) Audio 30 APS
Basic representation of the map-supported location finding shown on model 210
Map-supported location finding (map matching) is available only in the digitized area of the DVD map.
A deviation can be recognized and corrected automatically by comparing the calculated position of the vehicle
with the possible positions on the DVD map.
Fig. 50: Identifying Map
-Supported Location Finding Function
Function
The position of the vehicle is continuously followed on the DVD map by the navigation processor. A number of
alternative routes are calculated preliminarily in the digitized area of the DVD map. If the route driven varies
from one of the possible routes, the position coordinates for basic location finding are corrected where
necessary.
The navigation processor is integrated in the radio (A2).
Loading the DVD map data
The navigation processor has a read/write memory (RAM) for storing the DVD map data. However, this
memory is not large enough to store the entire DVD map (currently approx. 10 %). For this reason, the
navigation processor loads into the memory only the map data required for route guidance.
Here, different storage methods are used depending on whether the destination is in the near vicinity of the
vehicle or further away:
The followin
g methods are used to store the data:
location/purpose/
design/function

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If the destination is in the near vicinity, a map area is loaded within a radius of approx. 100 km of the
vehicle location ("Local area").
For destinations further away, an area is selected surrounding the vehicle location, the destination and the
concrete route to the destination ("Corridor formation").
After storing the map data, the DVD with the map data can be taken out of the drive. Now, audio CDs can also
be played.
If the driver deviates too far from the calculated route during the course of navigation system and thereby leaves
the map area stored in the navigation processor, it may be necessary to insert the DVD again in order to
calculate a new route. The navigation processor requests this automatically.
Location errors
The errors are classified into 2 categories:
Incorrect position indication between 2 driving instructions (may not occur more than once every 500
km)
Incorrect driving instruction (may not occur more than once every 1,000 km)
MAP-SUPPORTED LOCATION FINDING, FUNCTION - GF82.61-P-3008GI
MODEL 163 as of 1.9.01 with CODE (522) Modular control system (MCS) radio USA with CODE (357)
Navigation system - additional unit with CODE (818b) Single CD player - additional unit with CODE
(491) U.S. version
General
Map-supported location finding is available only in the digitized area of the CD-ROM map.
By comparing the calculated vehicle position with the CD-ROM map it is possible to recognize and
automatically correct the deviation.
Function
The vehicle position is permanently followed by the navigation processor on the CD-ROM map. If the route
deviates from the calculated route the position coordinates of the basic location finding are corrected if
necessar
y.
Global positioning
system location finding,
function GF82.61-P-3007C

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Fig. 51: Identifying Map-Supported Location Finding Function
ROUTE CALCULATION, FUNCTION - GF82.61-P-3011E
MODEL 163, 168, 170, 203.0 /2 /7, 208, 209.3 /4, 210 with CODE (353) Audio 30 APS
Once the destination is entered into the radio (A2) the route is calculated by the integrated navigation processor
and constantly updated. This can only be calculated within the digitalized map areas. The calculated route is the
prerequisite of the destination guidance system.
Route calculation, function
The navigation processor calculates the route based on the entered destination and with the aid of the DVD map
data while constantly finding the location. In the calculation, it takes into account the roads and attributes
available on the DVD card and their attributes, such as one-way streets, bans on turns, road classes, etc. (where
present).
Additionally, it is possible for the operator to indicate how the route is to be calculated:
Fastest route
Shortest route
Own adjustments
In the event of "OWN ADJUSTMENTS", the following stretches can be blocked from the route calculation:
FREEWAY
Basic location finding,
function GF82.61-P-3006GI
Global positioning system
location finding, function GF82.61-P-3007GI
Guidance, function GF82.61-P-3012GI
Radio and navigation
module, location/purpose/
design/function GF82.61-P-4109GI

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