flat tire TOYOTA HIGHLANDER 2010 XU40 / 2.G Service Manual

571
6-1. Specifications
6
Vehicle specifications
Tire ply composition and materials
Plies are layers of rubber-coated
parallel cords. Cords are the
strands which form the plies in a tire.
Radial tires or bias-ply tires
A radial tire has “RADIAL” on the sidewall. A tire not marked
“RADIAL” is a bias-ply tire.
TUBELESS or TUBE TYPE
A tubeless tire does not have a tube and air is directly filled in the
tire. A tube type tire has a tube inside the tire and the tube main-
tains the air pressure.
Load limit at maximum cold tire inflation pressure ( P. 458)
Maximum cold tire in flation pressure ( P. 562)
This means the pressure to which a tire may be inflated.
Summer tire or all season tire ( P. 458)
An all season tire has “M+S” on the sidewall. A tire not marked
“M+S” is a summer tire.
“TEMPORARY USE ONLY” ( P. 530)
A compact spare tire is identified by the phrase “TEMPORARY USE
ONLY” molded into its sidewall. This tire is designed for temporary
emergency use only.

576 6-1. Specifications
Warning: The temperature grades for this tire are established for a
tire that is properly inflated and not overloaded.
Excessive speed, underinflation, or excessive loading, either sepa-
rately or in combination, can cause heat buildup and possible tire fail-
ure.
Glossary of tire terminology
Tire related termMeaning
Cold tire inflation pres-
sure Tire pressure when the vehicle has been
parked for three hours or more, or has not
been driven more than 1 mile or 1.5 km under
that condition
Maximum inflation
pressure The maximum cold inflated
pressure to which a
tire may be inflated, s hown on the sidewall of
the tire
Recommended infla-
tion pressure Cold tire inflation pressure recommended by a
manufacturer
Accessory weight The combined weight (in excess of those stan-
dard items which may be replaced) of auto-
matic transmission, power steering, power
brakes, power windows, power seats, radio
and heater, to the extent that these items are
available as factory-installed equipment
(whether installed or not)
Curb weight The weight of a motor vehicle with standard
equipment, including the maximum capacity of
fuel, oil and coolant, and if so equipped, air
conditioning and additional weight optional
engine
Maximum loaded vehi-
cle weight The sum of:
(a) Curb weight
(b) Accessory weight
(c) Vehicle capacity weight
(d) Production options weight

578 6-1. Specifications
Tire related termMeaning
Weather side The surface area of the rim not covered by the
inflated tire
Bead The part of the tire that is made of steel wires,
wrapped or reinforced by ply cords and that is
shaped to fit the rim
Bead separation A breakdown of the bond between components
in the bead
Bias ply tire A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that
extend to the beads are laid at alternate angles
substantially less than 90 degrees to the cen-
terline of the tread
Carcass The tire structure, except tread and sidewall
rubber which, when inflated, bears the load
Chunking The breaking away of pieces of the tread or
sidewall
Cord The strands forming the plies in the tire
Cord separation The parting of cords from adjacent rubber com-
pounds
Cracking Any parting within the tread, sidewall, or inner-
liner of the tire ext
ending to cord material
CT A pneumatic tire with an inverted flange tire
and rim system in which the rim is designed
with rim flanges pointed radially inward and the
tire is designed to fit on the underside of the
rim in a manner that encloses the rim flanges
inside the air cavity of the tire
Extra load tire A tire designed to operate at higher loads and
at higher inflation pressures than the corre-
sponding standard tire
Groove The space between two adjacent tread ribs
Innerliner The layer(s) forming the inside surface of a
tubeless tire that contains the inflating medium
within the tire

579
6-1. Specifications
6
Vehicle specifications
Tire related termMeaning
Innerliner separation The parting of the innerliner from cord material
in the carcass
Intended outboard
sidewall (a) The sidewall that contains a whitewall,
bears white lettering, or bears manufac-
turer, brand, and/or model name molding
that is higher or deeper than the same
molding on the other sidewall of the tire, or
(b) The outward facing sidewall of an asym- metrical tire that has a particular side that
must always face outward when mounted
on a vehicle
Light truck (LT) tire A tire designated by its manufacturer as prima-
rily intended for use on lightweight trucks or
multipurpose passenger vehicles
Load rating The maximum load that a tire is rated to carry
for a given inflation pressure
Maximum load rating The load rating for a tire at the maximum per-
missible inflation pressure for that tire
Maximum permissible
inflation pressure The maximum cold inflation pressure to which
a tire may be inflated
Measuring rim The rim on which a tire is fitted for physical
dimension requirements
Open splice Any parting at any junction of tread, sidewall, or
innerliner that extends to cord material
Outer diameter The overall diameter of an inflated new tire
Overall width The linear distance between the exteriors of
the sidewalls of an inflated tire, including eleva-
tions due to labeling, decorations, or protective
bands or ribs
Passenger car tire A tire intended for use on passenger cars, mul-
tipurpose passenger vehicles, and trucks, that
have a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of
10,000 lb. or less.

580 6-1. Specifications
Tire related termMeaning
Ply A layer of rubber-coated parallel cords
Ply separation A parting of rubber compound between adja-
cent plies
Pneumatic tire A mechanical device made of rubber, chemi-
cals, fabric and steel or
other materials, that,
when mounted on an automotive wheel, pro-
vides the traction and contains the gas or fluid
that sustains the load
Radial ply tire A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that
extend to the beads are laid at substantially 90
degrees to the centerline of the tread
Reinforced tire A tire designed to operate at higher loads and
at higher inflation pressures than the corre-
sponding standard tire
Section width The linear distance between the exteriors of
the sidewalls of an inflated tire, excluding ele-
vations due to labeling, decoration, or protec-
tive bands
Sidewall That portion of a tire between the tread and
bead
Sidewall separation The parting of the rubber compound from the
cord material in the sidewall
Snow tire A tire that attains a traction index equal to or
greater than 110, compared to the ASTM
E-1136 Standard Reference Test Tire, when
using the snow traction test as described in
ASTM F-1805-00, Standard Test Method for
Single Wheel Driving Traction in a Straight Line
on Snow-and Ice-Covered Surfaces, and which
is marked with an Alpine Symbol ( ) on at
least one sidewall
Te s t r i m The rim on which a tire is fitted for testing, and
may be any rim listed as appropriate for use
with that tire

585
6
Vehicle specifications
6-3. Initialization
Items to initialize
ItemWhen to initializeReference
Power back door • After reconnecting or changing the
battery
• After changing a fuse P. 7 1
Tire pressure warning
system • When changing the tire inflation
pressure by changing traveling
speed or towing trailer, etc. P. 453
The following items must be initia
lized for normal system operation
in cases such as after the battery is reconnected, or maintenance is
performed on the vehicle.

596 Alphabetical index
Electric power steering ........... 218
Electronic keyIf your electronic key battery is discharged .......................... 539
Emergency flashers
Switch.................................... 498
Emergency, in case of If the back door opener is
inoperative ............................74
If the electronic key does not operate properly.................. 539
If the engine will not start ...... 535
If the shift lever cannot be shifted from P...................... 537
If the vehicle has a discharged battery ................................. 541
If the warning buzzer
sounds... ............................ 510
If the warning light turns on ........................................ 510
If the warning message is displayed............................. 521
If you have a flat tire ............. 522
If you lose your keys/
wireless remote control
transmitter ........................... 538
If you think something is wrong .................................. 506
If your vehicle becomes
stuck ................................... 548
If your vehicle needs to be towed .................................. 499
If your vehicle overheats ....... 545 Engine
Compartment ........................ 437
Engine switch ................ 173, 177
Hood ..................................... 432
How to start the
engine ......................... 173, 177
Identification number............. 553
If the engine will not start ...... 535
Ignition switch ............... 173, 177
Overheating .......................... 545
Engine compartment cover .... 439
Engine coolant
Capacity ................................ 558
Checking ............................... 445
Preparing and checking before winter .................................. 238
Engine coolan t temperature
gauge ...................................... 188
Engine immobilizer system .... 115
Engine oil Capacity ................................ 556
Checking ............................... 440
Preparing and checking before winter .................................. 238
Engine oil maintenance data ......................................... 443
Enhanced vehicle stability control .................................... 218
Enhanced VSC ......................... 218
EPS............................................ 218
Event data recorder ................. 508E

602 Alphabetical index
Service reminder indicators .............................. 190
Shift lever Automatic transmission ......... 180
If the shift lever cannot be shifted from P................. 537
Shift lock system ..................... 537
Shopping bag hooks ............... 400
Side airbags.............................. 128
Side marker lights Replacing .............................. 486
Switch.................................... 203
Wattage ................................. 566
Side mirrors
Adjusting and folding ............. 103
Side table .................................. 386
Smart key system Entry function ..........................33
Starting the engine ................173
Spare tire
Inflation pressure................... 562
Storage location .................... 522
Spark plug ................................ 559
Specifications........................... 552
Speech command switch ........ 347
Speedometer ............................ 188
Steering
Column lock release...... 175, 178 Steering wheel
Adjustment ............................ 100
Audio switches ...................... 309
Climate remote control switches .............................. 280
Stop lights Replacing light bulbs ............. 486
Wattage................................. 566
Storage feature ........................ 375
Storage precautions ................ 235
Stuck If your vehicle becomes stuck ................................... 548
Sun visors ................................ 388
Switch
Emergency flasher switch ..... 498
Engine switch ................ 174, 177
Fog light switch ..................... 207
Hazard light switch ................ 498
Ignition switch ............... 174, 177
Light switches ....................... 203
Power door lock switch ........... 67
Power window switch ............ 106
SNOW switch ........................ 181
Window lock switch ............... 106
Wiper and washer switch.......................... 208, 210

603
Alphabetical index
Tachometer .............................. 188
Tail lights
Replacing light bulbs ............ 486
Switch ................................... 203
Wattage ................................ 566
Talk switch ............................... 347
Telephone switch .................... 347
Theft deterrent system Alarm .................................... 122
Engine immobilizer system... 115
Theft prevention labels ........... 125
Tire inflation pressure ............ 463
Tire information Glossary ............................... 576
Size ...................................... 573
Tire identification number ..... 572
Uniform tire quality
grading ............................... 574 Tires
Chains ...................................238
Checking ...............................453
If you have a flat tire ..............522
Inflation pressure...................463
Information ............................570
Replacing ..............................522
Rotating tires .........................453
Size .......................................562
Snow tires .............................238
Tire pressure warning
system ........................453, 513
Tools .........................................522
Total load capacity...................237
Towing Dinghy towing........................252
Emergency towing.................500
Trailer towing.........................242
Traction control........................218
TRAC .........................................218
Trip information .......................194
Trip meter .................................188
Turn signal lights Replacing light bulbs .............486
Switch....................................185
Wattage .................................566T

605
What to do if...
What to do if...
A tire puncturesP. 522If you have a flat tire
The engine does not start
P. 535If the engine will not start
P. 1 1 5Engine immobilizer system
P. 541If the battery is discharged
The shift lever cannot be
moved outP. 537If the shift lever cannot be shifted
from P
The engine coolant temperature
gauge enters the red zone
Steam can be seen coming
from under the hood
P. 545If your vehicle overheats
The key is lostP. 538If you lose your keys/ wireless
remote control transmitter
The battery runs outP. 541If the battery is discharged
The doors cannot be lockedP. 6 6Side doors
P. 7 1Back door
The horn begins to soundP. 122Alarm
The vehicle is stuck in
mud or sandP. 548If the vehicle becomes stuck