engine VOLVO V90 CROSS COUNTRY 2021 Owners Manual

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437
Slippery driving conditionsTo help optimize traction and roadholding, Volvo recommends using snow tires on allwheels whenever there is a risk of snow or iceon the road.
NOTE
Certain countries require use of winter tires by law. Not all countries permit the use ofstudded tires.
Practice driving on slippery surfaces under controlled conditions to learn how the vehiclereacts.
Related information
Engine oil specifications (p. 658)
Snow tires (p. 554)
Snow chains (p. 555)
Braking on salted roads (p. 405)
Braking on wet roads (p. 405)
Filling washer fluid (p. 646)
Starter battery (p. 600)
Replacing windshield wiper blades(p. 644)
Changing rear window wipers (p. 643)
Refilling coolant (p. 598)
Driving through standing water
It may be necessary to drive the vehicle through standing water e.g. deep puddles orflooding on the road. This must be done withgreat caution.
The vehicle can be driven through water up to a depth of 30 cm (11 in) at no more than walk-ing speed. Be particularly careful when drivingthrough flowing water. When driving through standing water, drive slowly and do not stop the vehicle. When youhave passed the water, press lightly on thebrake pedal and check that the brakes arefunctioning properly. Water, mud, slush, etc.can make the brake linings slippery, resultingin delayed braking effect. If the vehicle is equipped with contacts for an electric heater or trailer coupling, cleanthese after driving in water or mud.
Do not allow the vehicle to stand in waterup to the sills any longer than absolutelynecessary. This could result in electricalmalfunctions.
CAUTION
Engine damage could occur if water enters the air cleaner.
If water enters the transmission, thelubricating ability of the oils is reducedand the service life of these systems isshortened.
Damage to any component, engine,transmission, turbocharger, differentialor its internal components caused byflooding, vapor lock or insufficient oil isnot covered under warranty.
If the engine stalls while the vehicle isin water, do not attempt to restart it.Have the vehicle towed out of thewater to a workshop. An authorizedVolvo workshop is recommended. Riskof engine failure.
CAUTION
Because it can be difficult to determine the water depth, Volvo recommends not driv-ing through standing or running water. Thedriver is always responsible for operatingthe vehicle in a safe manner and adheringto all applicable laws and regulations.
Related information
Recovery (p. 453)
Low Speed Control (p. 432)

STARTING AND DRIVING
* Option/accessory.
438
Opening/closing the fuel filler door
The vehicle must be unlocked before the fuel filler door can be opened 20
.
An arrow next to the fuel pump symbol in the instru-ment panel indicates the sideof the vehicle on which thefuel filler door is located.
1. Open the fuel filler door by pressing lightly
on its rear edge.
2. After refueling, press the fuel filler door lightly to close it.
Related information
Refueling (p. 438)
Refueling
The fuel tank is equipped with a fuel filling system without a cover.
Refueling the vehicle at a service station
It is important to insert the pump's nozzle past both of the two flaps in the fuel filler pipe before beginningfueling.
Instructions for fueling:
1. Turn off the engine and open the fuel filler door.
2. Select a fuel approved for use in the vehi- cle. For more information on approved fuels, see the section on “Fuel”. 3. Insert the pump's nozzle into the fuel filler
pipe's opening. There are two flaps justinside the fuel filler pipe and the pump'snozzle must push both of these flaps openbefore fuel can be added.
4. Avoid overfilling the tank. Do not press the handle on the filler nozzle again after it hasinitially stopped pumping.
> The fuel tank is now filled.
NOTE
An over-full tank may overflow in hot weather.
CAUTION
Avoid spilling gasoline during refueling. In addition to causing damage to the environ-ment, gasolines containing alcohol cancause damage to painted surfaces, whichmay not be covered under the New VehicleLimited Warranty.
Refueling from a fuel containerWhen filling from a fuel container, use the fun- nel provided in a foam block under the floorhatch in the cargo compartment.
1. Open the fuel filler door.
20Only locking and unlocking using the remote key, Passive Entry * or Volvo On Call will affect the status of the fuel filler door.

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2. Insert the funnel into the fuel filler pipe's
opening. There are two flaps just inside the fuel filler pipe and the tube section ofthe funnel must push both of these flapsopen before fuel can be added.
WARNING
California Proposition 65 Operating, servicing and maintaining a pas- senger vehicle can expose you to chemi-cals including engine exhaust, carbon mon-oxide, phthalates, and lead, which areknown to the State of California to causecancer and birth defects or other reproduc-tive harm. To minimize exposure, avoidbreathing exhaust, do not idle the engineexcept as necessary, service your vehicle ina well ventilated area and wear gloves orwash your hands frequently when servicingyour vehicle. For more information go towww.P65Warnings.ca.gov/passenger-vehicle.
Related information
Opening/closing the fuel filler door (p. 438)
Fuel (p. 439)
Fuel
Volvo recommends the use of detergent gas- oline to control engine deposits.
Deposit control gasoline (gasoline with detergent additives)
Detergent gasoline is effective in keeping injectors and intake valves clean. Consistentuse of deposit control gasolines will helpensure good driveability and fuel economy. Ifyou are not sure whether the gasoline containsdeposit control additives, check with the serv-ice station operator.
NOTE
Volvo recommends not using external fuel injector cleaning systems, e.g. do not adddetergent additives to gasoline before orafter refueling.
Unleaded fuelAll Volvo vehicles have a three-way catalytic converter and must only use unleaded gaso-line. US and Canadian regulations require thatpumps delivering unleaded gasoline arelabeled "UNLEADED". Only the nozzles ofthese pumps will fit in your vehicle's fuel fillerinlet. It is unlawful to dispense leaded fuel intoa vehicle labeled "unleaded gasoline only".Leaded gasoline damages the three-way cata-lytic converter and the heated oxygen sensor system. Repeated use of leaded gasoline willlessen the effectiveness of the emission con-trol system and could result in loss of emissionwarranty coverage. State and local vehicleinspection programs will make detection ofmisfueling easier, possibly resulting in emis-sion test failure for misfueled vehicles.
NOTE
Some U.S. and Canadian gasolines contain an octane enhancing additive calledmethyl-cyclopentadienyl manganese tricar-bonyl (MMT). If such fuels are used, yourEmission Control System performancemay be affected, and the Check EngineLight (malfunction indicator light) locatedon your instrument panel may light. If thisoccurs, please return your vehicle to atrained and qualified Volvo service techni-cian for service.
Gasoline containing alcohol and ethers, "Oxygenated fuels"
Some fuel suppliers sell gasoline containing "oxygenates" which are usually alcohols orethers. In some areas, state or local lawsrequire that the service pump be marked indi-cating use of alcohols or ethers. However,there are areas in which the pumps areunmarked. If you are not sure whether there isalcohol or ethers in the gasoline you buy,check with the service station operator. To

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STARTING AND DRIVING
440meet seasonal air quality standards, some areas require the use of "oxygenated" fuel. Volvo permits the use of the following "oxy- genated" fuels. However, the specified octaneratings must still be met.
Alcohol - Ethanol
Fuels containing up to 10% ethanol by volume may be used. Ethanol may also be referred toas Ethyl alcohol, or "Gasohol". Ethers - MTBE/ETBE: Fuels containing up to 22% MTBE/ETBE by volume may be used.
MethanolDo not use gasolines containing methanol(methyl alcohol, wood alcohol). This practicecan result in vehicle performance deteriorationand can damage critical parts in the fuel sys-tem. Such damage may not be covered underthe New Vehicle Limited Warranty.
Related information

Octane rating (p. 440)
Opening/closing the fuel filler door(p. 438)
Refueling (p. 438)
Emission controls (p. 442)
Octane rating Volvo requires premium fuel (91 octane 21
or
higher) for all T5, T6 and T8 engines, and rec- ommends AKI 93 for optimal performanceand fuel economy. See decal examples inillustrations 1 and 2.
Minimum octane
Decals
Illustration 1: Sample fuel pump octane label 21
.
Illustration 2: Decal on the inside of the fuel filler flap on vehicles that require premium fuel 22
.
TOP TIER Detergent GasolineVolvo endorses the use of "TOP TIER Deter- gent Gasoline" where available to help main-tain engine performance and reliability. TOPTIER Detergent Gasoline meets a new stand-ard jointly established by leading automotivemanufactures to meet the needs of today'sadvanced engines. Qualifying gasoline retail-ers (stations) will, in most cases, identify theirgasoline as having met the "TOP TIER Deter-gent Gasoline" standards.
NOTE
Information about TOP TIER Detergent Gasoline is available at toptiergas.com
21 AKI (Anti Knock Index) is an average value of RON (Research Octane Number) and MON (Motor Octane Number) - (RON)+(MON)/2
22 For supplementary information - see the car's Service and Warranty Booklet.

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NOTE
When switching to higher octane fuel or changing gasoline brands, it may be neces-sary to fill the tank more than once before adifference in engine operation is noticea-ble.
Fuel FormulationsDo not use gasoline that contains lead or man- ganese as a knock inhibitor, and do not uselead additives. Besides damaging the exhaustemission control systems on your vehicle, leadhas been strongly linked to certain forms ofcancer. Many fuels contain benzene as a solvent. Unburned benzene has been strongly linked tocertain forms of cancer. If you live in an areawhere you must fill your own gas tank, takeprecautions. These may include: standing upwind away from the filler noz-zle while refueling
refueling only at gas stations with vaporrecovery systems that fully seal the mouthof the filler neck during refueling
wearing neoprene gloves while handling afuel filler nozzle.
Use of AdditivesWith the exception of gas line antifreeze dur-ing winter months, do not add solvents, thick-eners, or other store-bought additives to yourvehicle's fuel, cooling, or lubricating systems.Overuse may damage your engine, and someof these additives contain organically volatilechemicals. Do not needlessly expose yourselfto these chemicals.
WARNING
Never carry a cell phone that is
switched
on while refueling your vehicle. If the
phone rings, this may cause a spark that could ignite gasoline fumes, resulting in fireand injury.
WARNING
Carbon monoxide is a poisonous, colorless, and odorless gas. It is present in all exhaustgases. If you ever smell exhaust fumesinside the vehicle, make sure the passengercompartment is ventilated, and immedi-ately return the vehicle to a trained andqualified Volvo service technician for cor-rection.
Demanding drivingIn demanding driving conditions, such as when towing a trailer or driving in hot weather or for prolonged periods at high altitudes, it may be a good idea to switch to a higher- octane fuel (AKI
21
91 or higher) or to switch to
another brand of gasoline in order to fully uti- lize the vehicle's engine capacity and optimizetraction.
Related information
Fuel (p. 439)
Emission controls (p. 442)
21
AKI (Anti Knock Index) is an average value of RON (Research Octane Number) and MON (Motor Octane Number) - (RON)+(MON)/2

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Emission controls
Three-way catalytic converter
Keep your engine properly tuned. Certain engine malfunctions, particularly involvingthe electrical, fuel or distributor ignitionsystems, may cause unusually high three-way catalytic converter temperatures. Donot continue to operate your vehicle if youdetect engine misfire, noticeable loss ofpower or other unusual operating condi-tions, such as engine overheating or back-firing. A properly tuned engine will helpavoid malfunctions that could damage thethree-way catalytic converter.
Do not park your vehicle over combustiblematerials, such as grass or leaves, whichcan come into contact with the hotexhaust system and cause such materialsto ignite under certain wind and weatherconditions.
Excessive starter cranking (in excess ofone minute), or an intermittently firing orflooded engine can cause three-way cata-lytic converter or exhaust system over-heating.
Remember that tampering or unauthor-ized modifications to the engine, theEngine Control Module, or the vehicle maybe illegal and can cause three-way cata-lytic converter or exhaust system over-heating. This includes: altering fuel injec- tion settings or components, alteringemission system components or locationor removing components, and/or repeateduse of leaded fuel.
NOTE
Unleaded fuel is required for vehicles with three-way catalytic converters.
Heated oxygen sensorsThe heated oxygen sensors monitor the oxy- gen content of the exhaust gases. Readings are fed into a control module that continuouslymonitors engine functions and controls fuelinjection. The ratio of fuel to air into the engineis continuously adjusted for efficient combus-tion to help reduce harmful emissions.
Related information

Octane rating (p. 440)
Fuel (p. 439)
Overheating of engine and transmission
In certain driving conditions, such as driving in mountainous areas or hot weather, there isa risk of the engine or transmission overheat-ing, especially when carrying heavy loads.
Engine power may be temporarily limited.
Remove any auxiliary lights mounted in front of the grille when driving in hotweather.
If the temperature in the engine's coolingsystem becomes too high, a warning sym-bol will appear in the instrument panel along with the message
Engine
temperature High temperature Stop
safely. Pull over to a safe location and let
the engine idle for a few minutes to cool down.
If the message
Engine temperature
High temperature Turn off engine orEngine coolant Level low, turn off
engine is displayed, stop the vehicle and
turn off the engine.
If the transmission begins to overheat, an alternative gear shifting program will beselected. An integrated protective functionwill also be activated, the warning symbolwill illuminate and the message
Transmission warm Reduce speed to
lower temperature or Transmission hot
Stop safely, wait for cooling will be dis-

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played in the instrument panel. Follow the recommendations given by reducingspeed or stopping the vehicle safely andletting the engine idle for a few minutes tolet the transmission cool.
If the vehicle begins to overheat, the airconditioning may be temporarily switchedoff.
After a prolonged period of driving indemanding conditions, do not turn off theengine immediately after stopping.
NOTE
It is normal for the engine's cooling fan to operate for a short time after the engine isswitched off.
Symbols in the instrument panel
Symbol Meaning
High engine temperature. Follow the recommendations provided.
Low coolant level. Follow the recommendations provided.
Transmission hot/overheated/ cooling. Follow the recommen-dations provided.
Related information
Refilling coolant (p. 598)
Driving with a trailer (p. 446)
Preparing for a long trip (p. 436)
Battery drain
The electrical functions in the vehicle drain the battery to varying degrees. Avoid usingignition mode II when the engine is switched
off. Use ignition mode I instead, as this uses
less electrical current.
Note that certain accessories may also drain power from the electrical system. Do not usefunctions that use a lot of electrical currentwhen the engine is turned off. Examples ofsuch functions are: blower
headlights
windshield wipers
audio system (especially at high volume).
If the starter battery voltage is low, a message is shown in the driver display. The vehicle'senergy-saving function will then turn off orreduce certain functions, such as the blowerand/or the audio system.
–To charge the battery, start the engine and let it run for at least 15 minutes (drivingcharges the battery faster than letting theengine idle).
Related information
Starter battery (p. 600)
Ignition modes (p. 401)

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Jump starting using another battery If the start battery is discharged, current from another battery can be used to start the vehi-cle.
Jumper cable connecting points. Engine compart- ment appearance may vary depending on vehiclemodel and equipment level.
To avoid short circuits or other damage, the following steps are recommended when jumpstarting the battery using another battery:
1. Put the ignition in mode 0.
2. Make sure the auxiliary battery (the bat- tery used to jump start the discharged battery) has a voltage of 12 volts. 3. If the auxiliary battery is in another vehicle,
turn off that vehicle's engine and makesure that the vehicles are not touchingeach other.
4. Clamp the red jumper cable onto the auxil- iary battery's positive (+) terminal (1).
CAUTION
Connect the jump cable carefully to pre- vent short circuits with other componentsin the engine compartment.
5. Fold back the cover over your vehicle'spositive (+) jump start terminal (2).
6. Clamp the other end of the red jumper cable to your vehicle's positive (+) jump start terminal (2).
7. Clamp the black jumper cable onto the auxiliary battery's negative (-) terminal (3).
8. Clamp the other end of the black jumper cable to your vehicle's negative (-) groundpoint (4).
9. Make sure the jumper cables are securely attached to help prevent sparks whilejump starting. 10. Start the engine of the assisting vehicle
and let it run for a few minutes at a higheridling speed than normal, about1500 rpm.
11. Start the engine of the vehicle with the dead battery.
CAUTION
Do not touch the connections between the cable and the vehicle during the startattempt. Risk of sparking.
12. Remove the jumper cables in the reverseorder ‒ first the black cables and then the
red cables. Make sure that none of the clamps of the black jumper cables come into contactwith either vehicle's positive (+) jump startterminals or either of the red jumpercable's connected clamps.

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WARNING
High voltage may be dangerous if handled incorrectly. Do not touch anything on bat-teries that is not clearly described in thisOwner's Manual. Never use a 48 V support battery to jump start the vehicle.
External electrical equipment may notunder any circumstance be connectedto the 48 V battery.
Only a workshop may replace or per-form service on the 48 V battery – anauthorized Volvo workshop is recom-mended.
WARNING
PROPOSITION 65 WARNING!
Battery
posts, terminals, and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds, chemi-cals known to the state of California tocause cancer and reproductive harm. Washhands after handling.
WARNING
Batteries generate hydrogen gas, which is flammable and explosive.
Do not connect the jumper cable toany part of the fuel system or to anymoving parts. Avoid touching hotmanifolds.
Battery fluid contains sulfuric acid. Donot allow battery fluid to contact eyes,skin, fabrics or painted surfaces.
If contact occurs, flush the affectedarea immediately with water. Obtainmedical help immediately if eyes areaffected.
Never expose the battery to open flameor electric spark. Do not smoke nearthe battery. Failure to follow theinstructions for jump starting can leadto injury.
NOTE
If the starter battery has been discharged to the extent that the vehicle does not havenormal electrical functions and the enginemust then be jump-started with an externalbattery or a battery charger, the Start/Stopfunction may remain activated. If the Start/Stop function shortly thereafter auto-stopsthe engine, there is a huge risk that auto-start of the engine will fail due to insuffi-cient battery capacity since the battery hadnot had time to recharge. If the vehicle has been jump-started or if there has not been enough time for thebattery to be charged with a batterycharger, the Start/Stop function should betemporarily deactivated until the batteryhas been recharged by the vehicle. At anambient temperature of about +15°C(about 60°F), the battery must be chargedby the vehicle for at least one hour. Atlower ambient temperatures, the chargingtime can increase to 3-4 hours. It is advisa-ble to charge the battery with an externalbattery charger.
Related information
Starting the vehicle (p. 398)
Ignition modes (p. 401)
Adjusting the steering wheel (p. 203)

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Selecting ignition mode (p. 402)
Support battery (p. 602)
Driving with a trailer
There are a number of things to consider when towing a trailer, such as the towbar, thetrailer and how the load is distributed in thetrailer.
Load-carrying capacity is determined by the vehicle's curb weight. The total weight of allpassengers and any installed accessories, e.g.towbar, reduces the vehicle's load-carryingcapacity by the corresponding amount.
Towbars used on the vehicle must beapproved for the applicable use.
Distribute the load on the trailer so thatthe weight on the towbar complies withthe specified maximum towball weight.The tongue weight is calculated as part ofthe vehicle's payload.
Increase the tire pressure to the recom-mended pressure for a full load.
The engine is subjected to more load thanusual when towing a trailer.
Towing a trailer affects the vehicle's han-dling, durability and driving economy.
Do not drive with a heavy trailer when thevehicle is very new. Wait until the mileagehas reached at least 1000 km (620 miles).
On long and steep downgrades, the vehi-cle's brakes are subjected to much moreload than usual. When manually shifting, downshift and adapt speed accordingly.
Follow applicable regulations regarding permitted speed and weight.
Drive slowly when towing a trailer up along and steep incline.
The maximum trailer weights given onlyapply to altitudes up to 1000 meters(3280 feet) above sea level. At higher alti-tudes, engine power (and thus the vehi-cle's climbing ability) is decreased due tothe reduced air density, and the maximumtrailer weight must therefore be reduced.The weight of the vehicle and trailer mustbe decreased by 10% for each additional1000 m (3280 feet) or part thereof.
Avoid driving with a trailer on inclines ofmore than 12%.
Avoid overloading and other incorrect use.
The trailer's brakes must be balanced withthe vehicle's brakes to help ensure safestops (follow applicable local regulations).