flat tire VOLVO XC90 2014 Owner´s Manual

07 Wheels and tires
General information
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179
quent high loading conditions or Ultra Violet (U.V) exposure can accelerate the aging proc- ess. The temporary spare
1
should also be
replaced at 6-year intervals, even if it has never been used. A tire's age can be determined by the DOT stamp on the sidewall (see the illustration). A tire with e.g., visible cracks or discoloration should be replaced immediately.
Tread wear indicator
G020323
The tires have wear indicator strips running across or parallel to the tread. The letters TWI
are printed on the side of the tire. When approximately 1/16" (1.6 mm) is left on thetread, these strips become visible and indi-cate that the tire should be replaced. Tireswith less than 1/16" (1.6 mm) tread offer verypoor traction. When replacing worn tires, it is recommended that the tire be identical in type (radial) andsize as the one being replaced. Using a tire ofthe same make (manufacturer) will preventalteration of the driving characteristics of thevehicle.
Improving tire economy
•
Maintain correct tire pressure (see the inflation pressure table on page 183).
• Drive smoothly: avoid fast starts, hardbraking and tire screeching.
• Tire wear increases with speed.
• Correct front wheel alignment is veryimportant.
• Unbalanced wheels impair tire economyand driving comfort.
• Tires must maintain the same direction ofrotation throughout their lifetime.
• When replacing tires, the tires with themost tread should be mounted on therear wheels to reduce the chance of over-steer during hard braking. •
Hitting curbs or potholes can damage thetires and/or wheels permanently.
Summer and winter tires
G020325
The arrows shows the direction of rotation of the tire
• When switching between summer and winter tires, mark the tires to indicatewhere they were mounted on the car,e.g., LF = left front, RR = right rear
• Tires with tread designed to roll in onlyone direction are marked with an arrowon the sidewall.
1
Option or accessory on some models

07 Wheels and tires
Tire inflation
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181
Inflation placard
G032513
Tire inflation placardCheck tire inflation pressure regularly. A table listing the recommended inflation pressure for your vehicle can be found onpage 183. A tire inflation pressure placard isalso located on the driver's side B-pillar (thestructural member at the side of the vehicle,at the rear of the driver's door opening). Thisplacard indicates the designation of the fac-tory-mounted tires on your vehicle, as well asload limits and inflation pressure.
NOTE
The placards shown indicate inflation pres- sure for the tires installed on the vehicle atthe factory only.
• Use a tire gauge to check the tire inflation pressure, including the spare, at leastonce a month and before long trips. Youare strongly urged to buy a reliable tirepressure gauge, as automatic service sta-tion gauges may be inaccurate.
• Use the recommended cold inflationpressure for optimum tire performanceand wear.
• Under-inflation or over-inflation maycause uneven treadwear patterns.
WARNING
•Under-inflation is the most common cause of tire failure and may result insevere tire cracking, tread separation,or "blow-out," with unexpected loss ofvehicle control and increased risk ofinjury.
• Under-inflated tires reduce the loadcarrying capacity of your vehicle.
When weather temperature changes occur, tire inflation pressures also change. A 10- degree temperature drop causes a corres-ponding drop of 1 psi (7 kPa) in inflation pres-sure. Check your tire pressures frequentlyand adjust them to the proper pressure,which can be found on the vehicle's tire infor-mation placard or certification label.
Checking tire pressureA certain amount of air seepage from the tiresoccurs naturally and tire pressure fluctuateswith seasonal changes in temperature.Always check tire pressure regularly.
Cold tiresInflation pressure should be checked when the tires are cold. The tires are considered to be cold when they have the same temperature as thesurrounding (ambient) air. This temperature is normally reached after the vehicle has been parked for at least 3 hours. After driving a distance of approximately 1 mile (1.6 km), the tires are considered to behot. If you have to drive farther than this dis-tance to pump your tire(s), check and recordthe tire pressure first and add the appropriateair pressure when you get to the pump. If checking tire pressure when the tire is hot, never "bleed" or reduce air pressure. Thetires are hot from driving and it is normal forpressures to increase above recommended

07 Wheels and tires
Tire inflation
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182
cold pressures. A hot tire at or below recom- mended cold inflation pressure could be sig-nificantly under-inflated.
To check inflation pressure:1. Remove the cap from the valve on onetire, then firmly press the tire gauge ontothe valve.
2. Add air to reach the recommended air pressure.
3. Reinstall the valve cap.
CAUTION
• After pumping the tires, always reinstall the valve cap to help avoid damage tothe valve from dirt, gravel, etc.
• Use plastic valve caps only. Metal capscould corrode and become difficult toremove.
4. Visually inspect the tires to make sure
there are no nails or other objects embedded that could puncture the tireand cause an air leak.
5. Check the sidewalls to make sure there are no gouges, cuts, bulges or otherirregularities. 6. Repeat this procedure for each tire,
including the spare.
NOTE
•If you overfill the tire, release air by pushing on the metal stem in the cen-ter of the valve. Then recheck thepressure with your tire gauge.
• Some spare tires require higher infla-tion pressure than the other tires. Con-sult the tire inflation pressure table onpage 183 or see the inflation pressureplacard.
Speed ratingsThe speed ratings in the table translate as fol- low:
Speed ratings
M81 mph (130 km/h)
Q100 mph (160 km/h)
T118 mph (190 km/h)
H130 mph (210 km/h)
V149 mph (240 km/h)
Speed ratings
W168 mph (270 km/h)
Y186 mph (300 km/h)
Load ratingsSee page 184 for an explanation of the load rating on the sidewall of the tire.

07 Wheels and tires
Tire inflation pressure table
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183
The following tire pressures are recom- mended by Volvo for your vehicle. Refer to
the tire inflation placard (see page 181 for itslocation) for information specific to the tiresinstalled on your vehicle at the factory.
Tire sizeCold tire pressure up to five persons psi (kPa)
Front psi (kPa)Rear psi (kPa)
235/65 R17 235/60 R18255/50 R19255/45 R2036 (250)36 (250)
Temporary spare tire T125/80R1761 (420)61 (420)
NOTE
Please consult a Volvo retailer’s Parts department for the most up-to-date speci-fications.

07 Wheels and tires
Tire designations
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184
1
2
3
4
5
6
12
11
10
8
79
G026442
Federal law mandates that tire manufacturers place standardized information on the side-wall of all tires (see the illustration). The following information is listed on the tire sidewall: The tire designation:
NOTE
Please be aware that the following tire designation is an example only and that
this particular tire may not be available onyour vehicle.
215 : the width of the tire (in millimeters)
from sidewall edge to sidewall edge. The larger the number, the wider the tire.
65 : The ratio of the tire's height to its
width in percent.
R : Radial tire (the designation RF and the
symbol indicate that the vehicle is
equipped with optional self-supporting run flat tires 1
. See page 205 for more
information about these tires).
15 : The diameter of the wheel rim (in
inches).
95 : The tire's load index. In this example,
a load index of 95 equals a maximum load of 1521 lbs (690 kg).
H : The tire's speed rating, or the maxi-
mum speed at which the tire is designed to be driven for extended periods of time,carrying a permissible load for the vehi-cle, and with correct inflation pressure.For example, H indicates a speed ratingof 130 mph (210 km/h).
NOTE
The tire's load index and speed rating may not appear on the sidewall because theyare not required by law.
M+S or M/S = Mud and Snow; AT = All
Terrain; AS = All Season
U.S. DOT Tire Identification Number (TIN): This begins with the letters "DOT"
and indicates that the tire meets all fed- eral standards. The next two numbers orletters are the plant code where it wasmanufactured, the next two are the tiresize code and the last four numbers rep-resent the week and year the tire wasbuilt. For example, 1510 means that thetire was manufactured during week 15 of2010. The numbers in between are mar-keting codes used at the manufacturer'sdiscretion. This information helps a tiremanufacturer identify a tire for safetyrecall purposes.
Tire Ply Composition and Material Used: Indicates the number of plies indi-
cates or the number of layers of rubber- coated fabric in the tire tread and side-wall. Tire manufacturers also must indi-cate the ply materials in the tire and thesidewall, which include steel, nylon, poly-ester, and others.
1 Self-supporting run flat tires may not be available on all models

07 Wheels and tires
Tire designations
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185
Maximum Load: Indicates the maximum
load in pounds and kilograms that can be carried by the tire. Refer to the vehicle'stire information placard located on the B-Pillar or the driver's door for the correcttire pressure for your vehicle.
Treadwear, Traction, and Temperature grades: see page 189 for more informa-
tion.
Maximum permissible inflation pressure: the greatest amount of air
pressure that should ever be put in the tire. This limit is set by the tire manufac-turer.
Tire suppliers may have additional markings,notes or warnings such as standard load,radial tubeless, etc.

07 Wheels and tires
Glossary of tire terminology
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186
•Tire information placard:
A placard
showing the OE (Original Equipment) tire sizes, recommended inflation pressure,and the maximum weight the vehicle cancarry.
• Tire Identification Number (TIN):
A
number on the sidewall of each tire pro-viding information about the tire brandand manufacturing plant, tire size anddate of manufacturer.
• Inflation pressure:
A measure of the
amount of air in a tire.
• Standard load:
A class of P-metric or
Metric tires designed to carry a maximumload at 35 psi [37 psi (2.5 bar) for Metrictires]. Increasing the inflation pressurebeyond this pressure will not increase thetires load carrying capability.
• Extra load:
A class of P-metric or Metric
tires designed to carry a heavier maxi-mum load at 41 psi [43 psi (2.9 bar) forMetric tires]. Increasing the inflation pres-sure beyond this pressure will notincrease the tires load carrying capability.
• kPa:
Kilopascal, a metric unit of air pres-
sure.
• PSI:
Pounds per square inch, a standard
unit of air pressure.
• B-pillar:
The structural member at the
side of the vehicle behind the front door. •
Bead area of the tire:
Area of the tire
next to the rim.
• Sidewall of the tire:
Area between the
bead area and the tread.
• Tread area of the tire:
Area of the perim-
eter of the tire that contacts the roadwhen mounted on the vehicle.
• Rim:
The metal support (wheel) for a tire
or a tire and tube assembly upon whichthe tire beads are seated.
• Maximum load rating:
a figure indicating
the maximum load in pounds and kilo-grams that can be carried by the tire. Thisrating is established by the tire manufac-turer.
• Maximum permissible inflation pres- sure:
the greatest amount of air pressure
that should ever be put in the tire. This limit is set by the tire manufacturer.
• Recommended tire inflation pressure: inflation pressure, established by Volvo, which is based on the type of tires thatare mounted on a vehicle at the factory.This information can be found on the tireinflation placard(s) located on the driver'sside B-pillar and in the tire inflation tablein this chapter.
• Cold tires:
The tires are considered to be
cold when they have the same tempera-ture as the surrounding (ambient) air. Thistemperature is normally reached after the vehicle has been parked for at least 3hours.

07 Wheels and tires
Uniform Tire Quality Grading
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189
ALL PASSENGER VEHICLE TIRES MUST CONFORM TO FEDERAL SAFETYREQUIREMENTS IN ADDITION TO THESEGRADES Quality grades can be found, where appli- cable, on the tire sidewall between thetread shoulder and maximum sectionwidth. For example: Treadwear 200 Traction AA Temperature A
TREADWEARThe treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of the tire when tes-ted under controlled conditions on a specifiedgovernment test course. For example, a tiregraded 150 would wear one and one half (11/2) times as well on the government courseas a tire graded 100. The relative perform-ance of tires depends upon the actual condi-tions of their use, however, and many departsignificantly from the norm due to variation indriving habits, maintenance practices and dif-ferences in road characteristics and climate.
TRACTIONThe traction grades, from highest to lowest,are AA, A, B, and C, as measured under con-trolled conditions on specified governmenttest surfaces of asphalt and concrete. A tiremarked C may have poor traction perform-ance.
WARNING
The traction grade assigned to this tire is based on braking (straight-ahead) tractiontests and is not a measure of cornering(turning) traction.
TEMPERATUREThe temperature grades are A (the highest), B, and C, representing the tire's resistance tothe generation of heat and its ability to dissi-pate heat when tested under controlled con-ditions on a specified indoor laboratory testwheel. Sustained high temperature can causethe material of the tire to degenerate andreduce tire life, and excessive temperaturecan lead to sudden tire failure. The grade Ccorresponds to a minimum level of perform-ance that all passenger vehicle tires mustmeet under the Federal Motor Safety Stand-ard No. 109. Grades B and A represent higherlevels of performance on the laboratory testwheel than the minimum required by law.
WARNING
The temperature grade for this tire is established for a tire that is properly infla-ted and not overloaded. Excessive speed,under-inflation, or excessive loading, eitherseparately or in combination, can causeheat buildup and tire failure.

07 Wheels and tires
Tire Sealing System
07
192* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
Introduction
Certain models are equipped with a tire seal- ing system* that enables you to temporarilyseal a hole in the tread surface and re-inflatea flat tire, or to adjust a tire’s inflation pres-sure. The system consists of an air compressor, a container for the sealing compound, wiring toconnect the system to the vehicle’s electricalsystem via one of the 12-volt sockets, and ahose used to connect the system to the tire’sinflation valve.
NOTE
The tire sealing system's compressor has been tested and approved by Volvo.
The 12-volt sockets are located on the rear side of the center console (in the rear seat)and in the cargo area.
Accessing the tire sealing systemThe tire sealing system is stowed under thefloor of the cargo area. To access it:
1. Fold up or remove any protective floor
covering or carpet.
2. Open the floor hatch.
3. Lift out the tire sealing system.
NOTE
• The tire sealing system is only intended to seal holes on the tire’stread area, not the sidewall.
• Tires with large holes or tears cannotbe repaired with the tire sealing sys-tem.
• After use, stow the tire sealing systemproperly to help prevent rattling.
WARNING
•After using the tire sealing system, the vehicle should not be driven fartherthan approximately 120 miles (200km).
• Have the tire inspected by a trainedand qualified Volvo service technicianas soon as possible to determine if itcan be permanently repaired or mustbe replaced.
• The vehicle should not be driven fasterthan 50 mph (80 km/h) while using atire that has been temporarily repairedwith the tire sealing system.
• After using the tire sealing system,drive carefully and avoid abrupt steer-ing maneuvers and sudden stops.
Tire sealing system–overview
Speed limit sticker (on the rear side of the compressor)
On/Off switch
Electrical wire
Bottle holder (orange cover)
Protective hose cover
Air pressure release knob
Hose
Bottle with sealing compound
Air pressure gauge

07 Wheels and tires
Tire Sealing System
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193
WARNING
Please keep the following points in mind when using the tire sealing system:• The sealing compound bottle (no. 8 in the illustration) contains 1) rubberlatex, natural and 2) ethanediol. Thesesubstances are harmful if swallowed.
• The contents of this bottle may causeallergic skin reactions or otherwise bepotentially harmful to the respiratorytract, the skin, the central nervous sys-tem, and the eyes.
Precautions: • Keep out of reach of children.
• Do not ingest the contents.
• Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with the skin.
• Wash thoroughly after handling.
First aid:
• Skin: Wash affected areas of skin withsoap and water. Get medical attentionif symptoms occur.
• Eyes: Flush with plenty of water forleast 15 minutes, occasionally liftingthe upper and lower eyelids. Get medi-cal attention if symptoms occur.
•Inhalation: Move the exposed person to fresh air. If irritation persists, getmedical attention.
• Ingestion: Do
NOT induce vomiting
unless directed to do so by medicalpersonnel. Get medical attention.
• Disposal: Dispose of this material andits container to a hazardous or specialwaste collection point.
NOTE
Do not break the seal on the bottle. This occurs automatically when the bottle isscrewed into the holder.
Tire sealing system–temporarily repairing a flat tire
Temporarily repairing a flat tire is done in two stages:
• Stage 1:
The hole is sealed by pumping
sealing compound into the tire. The car is then driven a short distance to distributethe sealing compound in the tire.
NOTE
Do not remove any foreign objects (nails, etc.) from the tire before using the sealingsystem.
• Stage 2:
The tire’s inflation pressure is
checked and adjusted if necessary.