winter tires VOLVO XC90 TWIN ENGINE HYBRID 2017 Owners Manual

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STARTING AND DRIVING
388
•The air conditioning may be switched offtemporarily.
•After a prolonged period of driving, do notturn off the engine immediately after stop-ping.
•The engine cooling fan commonly continuesto run for several minutes after the enginehas been turned off.

WARNING
The cooling fan (located at the front of theengine compartment, behind the radiator) maystart or continue to operate (for up to6 minutes) after the engine has beenswitched off.

Related information
•Driving with a trailer (p. 397)
•Before a long distance trip (p. 385)
Winter driving
Check your vehicle before the approach of coldweather.
The following advice is worth noting:
•Make sure that the engine coolant contains50 percent antifreeze. Any other mixture willreduce freeze protection. This gives protec-tion against freezing down to –31 °F(–35 °C). The use of "recycled" antifreeze isnot approved by Volvo. Different types ofantifreeze must not be mixed.
•Volvo recommends using only genuine Volvoantifreeze in your vehicle's radiator.
•Try to keep the fuel tank well filled – thishelps prevent the formation of condensationin the tank. In addition, in extremely coldweather conditions it is worthwhile to addfuel line de-icer before refueling.
•The viscosity of the engine oil is important.Oil with low viscosity (thinner oil) improvescold-weather starting as well as decreasingfuel consumption while the engine is warm-ing up. Full synthetic 0W-30 oil is recom-mended for driving in areas with sustainedlow temperatures.
•The load placed on the battery is greater dur-ing the winter since the windshield wipers,lighting, etc., are used more often. Moreover,the capacity of the battery decreases as thetemperature drops. In very cold weather, apoorly charged battery can freeze and be
damaged. It is therefore advisable to checkthe state of charge more frequently andspray an anti-rust oil on the battery posts.
•Volvo recommends the use of snow tires onall four wheels for winter driving.
•To prevent the washer fluid reservoir fromfreezing, add washer solvents containingantifreeze. This is important since dirt is oftensplashed on the windshield during winterdriving, requiring the frequent use of thewashers and wipers. Volvo Washer Solventshould be diluted as follows: Down to 14 °F(–10 °C): 1 part washer solvent and 4 partswater Down to 5 °F (–15 °C): 1 part washersolvent and 3 parts water Down to 0 °F(–18 °C): 1 part washer solvent and 2 partswater Down to –18 °F (–28 °C): 1 partwasher solvent and 1 part water.
•Use Volvo Teflon Lock Spray in the locks.
•Avoid using de-icing sprays as they cancause damage to the locks.

Related information
•Snow tires and chains (p. 485)

WHEELS AND TIRES
481
10.Maximum Load: Indicates the maximumload in pounds and kilograms that can becarried by the tire. Refer to the vehicle's tireinformation placard located on the B-Pillarfor the correct tire pressure for your vehicle.
11.Treadwear, Traction, and Temperaturegrades.
12.Maximum permissible inflationpressure: the greatest amount of air pres-sure that should ever be put in the tire. Thislimit is set by the tire manufacturer.

Speed Symbol
A tire's Speed Symbol (SS) indicates the maxi-mum speed for which the tire has been certifiedand should be at least equivalent to the vehicle'stop speed.
Winter tires, with our without studs, are excep-tions and may use a lower SS. When winter tiresare installed, the vehicle may not be driven fasterthan the tires' SS.
The vehicle's speed should always be determinedby the posted speed limit and traffic and roadconditions, not the tire's SS.
The following table indicates the maximum per-missible speed for each SS.
Speed Symbol
M81 mph (130 km/h)
Q100 mph (160 km/h)
T118 mph (190 km/h)
H130 mph (210 km/h)
V149 mph (240 km/h)
W168 mph (270 km/h)
Y186 mph (300 km/h)

WARNING
•The wheel and tire sizes for your Volvoare specified to meet stringent stabilityand handling requirements. Unapprovedwheel/tire size combinations can nega-tively affect your vehicle's stability andhandling.
•Any damage caused by installation ofunapproved wheel/tire size combinationswill not be covered by your new vehiclewarranty. Volvo assumes no responsibilityfor death, injury, or expenses that mayresult from such installations.
Wheel (rim) designations
Wheel and rim dimensions are shown in the fol-lowing table.
The vehicle has been certified with certain combi-nations of wheels and tires.
The following table shows an example of wheeldimensions: 8Jx18x42.5. This particular wheelmay not be available on your vehicle.
8Wheel width in inches
JRim flange profile
18Wheel diameter in inches
42.5Offset in mm (distance from the centerof the wheel to the wheel's contact sur-face on the hub)

Related information
•Tire sidewall designations (p. 480)

WHEELS AND TIRES
483
Tire direction of rotation
Incorrectly mounted tires impair the car's brakingproperties and ability to force aside rain, snowand slush.
The arrows shows the direction of rotation of the tire
•The tires with the most tread should alwaysbe on the rear axle (to help reduce the risk ofskidding).
•When switching between summer and wintertires, mark the tires to indicate where theywere mounted on the car, e.g., LF = left front,RR = right rear
•Tires with tread designed to roll in only onedirection are marked with an arrow on thesidewall.
•Contact a trained and qualified Volvo servicetechnician if you are unsure about the treaddepth.

Related information
•Tires (p. 478)Tread wear indicator
The tires have wear indicator strips runningacross or parallel to the tread.
The letters TWI are printed on the side of the tire.When approximately 1/16" (1.6 mm) is left onthe tread, these strips become visible and indi-cate that the tire should be replaced. Tires withless than 1/16" (1.6 mm) tread offer very poortraction.
When replacing worn tires, it is recommendedthat the tire be identical in type (radial) and sizeas the one being replaced. Using a tire of thesame make (manufacturer) will help preventalteration of the driving characteristics of thevehicle.

Related information
•Tire direction of rotation (p. 483)
•Checking tire inflation pressure (p. 486)

WHEELS AND TIRES
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485
Uniform Tire Quality Grading
ALL PASSENGER VEHICLE TIRES MUSTCONFORM TO FEDERAL SAFETY REQUIRE-MENTS IN ADDITION TO THESE GRADES.
Quality grades can be found, where applica-ble, on the tire sidewall between the treadshoulder and maximum section width. Forexample:
Treadwear 200 Traction AA Temperature A

TREADWEAR
The treadwear grade is a comparative ratingbased on the wear rate of the tire when testedunder controlled conditions on a specified gov-ernment test course. For example, a tire graded150 would wear one and one half (1 ½) times aswell on the government course as a tire graded100. The relative performance of tires dependsupon the actual conditions of their use, however,and many depart significantly from the norm dueto variation in driving habits, maintenance practi-ces and differences in road characteristics andclimate.

TRACTION
The traction grades, from highest to lowest, areAA, A, B, and C, as measured under controlledconditions on specified government test surfacesof asphalt and concrete. A tire marked C mayhave poor traction performance. The tractiongrade assigned to this tire is based on braking
(straight-ahead) traction tests and is not a meas-ure of cornering (turning) traction.
WARNING
The traction grade assigned to this tire isbased on braking (straight-ahead) tractiontests and is not a measure of cornering (turn-ing) traction.

TEMPERATURE
The temperature grades are A (the highest), B,and C, representing the tire's resistance to thegeneration of heat and its ability to dissipate heatwhen tested under controlled conditions on aspecified indoor laboratory test wheel. Sustainedhigh temperature can cause the material of thetire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and exces-sive temperature can lead to sudden tire failure.The grade C corresponds to a minimum level ofperformance that all passenger vehicle tires mustmeet under the Federal Motor Safety StandardNo. 109. Grades B and A represent higher levelsof performance on the laboratory test wheel thanthe minimum required by law.

WARNING
The temperature grade for this tire is estab-lished for a tire that is properly inflated andnot overloaded. Excessive speed, under-infla-tion, or excessive loading, either separately orin combination, can cause heat buildup andtire failure.
Snow tires and chains
The use of snow chains and/or winter tires canhelp improve traction in winter driving conditions.
Snow chains can be used on your Volvo with thefollowing restrictions:
•Snow chains should be installed on frontwheels only. Use only Volvo approved snowchains.
•If accessory, aftermarket or "custom" tiresand wheels are installed and are of a size dif-ferent than the original tires and wheels,chains in some cases CANNOT be used.Sufficient clearances between chains andbrakes, suspension and body componentsmust be maintained.
•Some strap-on type chains will interfere withbrake components and therefore CANNOTbe used.
•All Wheel Drive models: Snow chainsshould only be installed on the front wheels.
•Certain size tires may not allow the assemblyof snow chains/traction devices.
Consult your Volvo retailer for additional snowchain information.

WHEELS AND TIRES
487
of the factory-mounted tires on your vehicle, aswell as load limits and inflation pressure.

NOTE
•The placard shown indicates inflationpressure for the tires installed on thevehicle at the factory only.
•A certain amount of air seepage from thetires occurs naturally and tire pressurefluctuates with seasonal changes in tem-perature. Always check tire pressure reg-ularly.
•Use a tire gauge to check the tire inflation
pressure, including the spare4, at least oncea month and before long trips. You arestrongly urged to buy a reliable tire pressuregauge, as automatic service station gaugesmay be inaccurate.
•Use the recommended cold inflation pres-sure for optimum tire performance and wear.
•Under-inflation or over-inflation may causeuneven treadwear patterns.

Checking tire pressure
1. Remove the cap from the valve on one tire,then firmly press the tire gauge onto thevalve.
2. Add air to reach the recommended air pres-sure.
3. Replace the valve cap.
CAUTION
•After inflating the tires, always reinstall thevalve cap to help avoid damage to thevalve from dirt, gravel, etc.
•Use plastic valve caps only. Metal capscould corrode and become difficult toremove.
4. Visually inspect the tires to make sure thereare no nails or other objects embedded thatcould puncture the tire and cause an air leak.
5.Check the sidewalls to make sure there areno gouges, cuts, bulges or other irregulari-ties.
6. Repeat this procedure for each tire, includingthe spare.

NOTE
If you overfill the tire, release air by pushingon the metal stem in the center of the valve.Then recheck the pressure with your tiregauge.
Changing tires
When changing wheels to another dimension,always follow Volvo's instructions.
When changing to tires of another
dimension
If you mount tires with a dimension other thanthe factory-installed tires, contact an authorizedVolvo retailer to update the vehicle's software.This may also be necessary when changing fromsummer to winter tires, or vice versa.

Related information
•Snow tires and chains (p. 485)
•Installing a wheel (p. 491)
•Removing a wheel (p. 489)
4Not available in all models.

WHEELS AND TIRES
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.488
Tools
Tools for e.g., changing wheels, etc. are locatedunder the cargo compartment floor.
The foam block under the cargo compartmentfloor contains the towing eyelet, the tool forremoving plastic wheel bolt covers, the jack* andthe lug wrench*. There is also a storage space forthe tool used to remove locking wheel bolts.

Related information
•Jack (p. 488)
•Changing tires (p. 487)
Jack
The jack is used to raise the vehicle, for examplewhen mounting winter wheels, etc.
WARNING
•The jack must correctly engage the jackattachment.
•Be sure the jack is on a firm, level, non-slippery surface.
•Never allow any part of your body to beextended under a vehicle supported by ajack.
•Use the jack intended for the vehiclewhen changing a tire. For any other job,use stands to support the vehicle.
•Apply the parking brake and put the gearselector in the Park (P) position.
•Block the wheels standing on the ground,use rigid wooden blocks or large stones.
•The jack should be kept well-greased andclean, and should not be damaged.
•No objects should be placed between thebase of jack and the ground, or betweenthe jack and the attachment bar on thevehicle.
CAUTION
•When not in use, the jack* should be keptin its storage compartment under thecargo compartment floor.
•The jack provided with your vehicle isintended to be used only in temporary sit-uations such as changing wheels in theevent of a flat tire. Only the jack thatcame with your particular model shouldbe used to lift the vehicle. If the vehicleneeds to be lifted more frequently or for aprolonged period, using a garage jack orhoist is recommended. Always follow thisdevice

INDEX
579
Steering wheel 164
adjusting 166
heated 208
horn 164
keypad 164
Steering wheel paddles 164
Stone chips, touching up 553, 554
Storage compartments 220
Studded tires 485
Sunroof
laminated panoramic roof 110, 111
Sun shade 113, 115
Sun visor 229
Suspension 429
System updates 506
T
Tailgate
locking/unlocking249
locking/unlocking (private locking) 253
operating with the foot movement sen-
sor243
power operated251
wiper/washer164
Tailgate wipers544
Technician certification59
Temperature
perceived188
Temperature sensor
ambient 120
Tethering
wi-fi sharing 470
Three-way catalytic converter 394
Timer
preconditioning 192
Tire inflation pressure 569
Tire Pressure Monitoring System 491, 494
calibrating 495
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) 495
Tires 478, 488
changing 487
changing from summer to winter 483
glossary of terms 482
improving economy 478
inflation pressure 486
inflation pressure table 569
installing (mounting) a wheel on the
vehicle 491
rotation 479
snow 485
specifications 480
storing 479
studded 485
tire pressure monitoring system 491, 494
tire sealing system496, 498, 501
tread wear indicator483
uniform tire quality grading485
wheel bolts489
Tire sealing system496, 498, 501
Top tether anchors (child restraint sys-
tems)92
Touching up paint553, 554
Towing a trailer397, 399
trailer hitch398
Towing eyelet389
Towing the vehicle389
Traction control263
Trailer towing397, 399
trailer hitch398
Transmission
gear shift indicator425
general description424, 425
Hill Start Assist381
oil570
shifting with steering wheel paddles 427
shiftlock override424
Travel Link443
Alerts446
Fuel446
Sports448
weather444