BMW 2 SERIES COUPE 2020 ΟΔΗΓΌΣ ΧΡΉΣΗΣ (in Greek)
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K`wfy bvpuyfyeXabc^\f_oe shgb]\`pgbh
egb csdo` ]win^s\b cwd\udnib`gs\ o^b\ b\ tsf\j
]bR wabc^\f_bR , b\ wabc^\f_bR v\sibdwg\]q` jldq` ]szqe ]s\ b\ w\v\]bR wabc^\f_bR , b\ bcbRb\ cdbfiojdb`gs\ fgy fw\dn _b`go^l` . Xcb_o`le , cwd\udnj
ib`gs\ wcRfye wabc^\f_bR b\ bcbRb\ vw` wR`s\ v\sj
zof\_b\ fw o`s shgb]R`ygb c .j . ^oul gbh
wc\^wu_o`bh w\v\]bp wabc^\f_bp p gye o]vbfye u\s gy` w]nfgbgw jqds . Thgo \fjpw\ wcRfye u\s
^w\gbhduRwe ]s\ fhfgp_sgs cbh fjwgRxb`gs\ _w
gy` sfin^w\s . >sgn gy jdpfy gl` s`gRfgb\jl` ^w\gbhdu\q` ]s\ fhfgy_ngl` cdocw\ `s gydbp`gs\
b\ w]nfgbgw \fjpb`gwe `o_b\ ]s\ ]s`b`\f_bR .
X`wduo fpfgy_s w^oujbhfgszwdpe gsjpgygse _w^w\gbhduRs S t o p a n d G o ,fpfgy_s A C C
Tdjp ^w\gbhduRse @w shgo gb fpfgy_s _cbdwR _ofl gl` c^p]gdl`
fgb g\_o`\ `s dhz_\fgwR _\s wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs ]s\ scofgsfy sco o`s cdbcbdwho_w`b shgb]Rj
`ygb .
>sgn gy` w^wpzwdy bvpuyfy gb fpfgy_s v\sgyj dwR gy` wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs , u\s gb` f]bco shgo
gb shgb]R`ygb wc\gsjp`w\ p idw`ndw\ shgo_sgs .
Pgs` hcndjw\ o`s cdbcbdwho_w`b shgb]R`ygb gb fpfgy_s cdbfsd_oxw\ gy` gsjpgygs , qfgw `sv\sgydwRgs\ y dhz_\f_o`y scofgsfy sco gb cdbjcbdwho_w`b shgb]R`ygb . Z gsjpgygs cdbfsd_ojxwgs\ fg\e hcndjbhfwe vh`sgogygwe .
Z scofgsfy _cbdwR `s dhz_\fgwR fw cwd\ffogwds
wcRcwvs ]s\ wasdgngs\ u\s ^oubhe sfis^wRse
sco gy` w]nfgbgw gsjpgygs .
ew cwdRcglfy cbh gb cdbcbdwho_w`b shgb]R`ygb
idw`ndw\ _ojd\ gy` s]\`ygbcbRyfy ]s\ _wgn sco
^Rub aw]\`n as`n `s ]\`wRgs\ , gb fpfgy_s _cbdwR
`s s]\`ygbcb\pfw\ wcRfye gb shgb]R`ygb _ofs fw vwvb_o`s c^sRf\s .
Vw`\]n T`n^bus _w gy dpz_\fy gbh shgb]\`pgbh gs jsj
ds]gyd\fg\]n gbh fhfgp_sgbe w^oujbh fgszwdpe gsjpgygse _cbdwR `s s^^nabh` fw bd\f_o`we cwjd\bjoe .
gcbvwRaw\e sfis^wRse
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
fb fpfgy_s vw` scs^^nffw\ gb` bvyuo sco gy`
sgb_\]p gbh whzp`y `s w]g\_pfw\ flfgn gy` ]hj
]^bibd\s]p ]sgnfgsfy . ?oul cwd\bd\f_q` gbh
fhfgp_sgbe , gb fpfgy_s vw` _cbdwR `s s`g\j
vdn shgo`b_s ]s\ flfgn fw o^we g\e ]sgsfgnj
fw\e gye ]h]^bibdRse . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be sghj
jp_sgbe . cdbfsd_ofgw gb` gdocb bvpuyfye
fg\e ]h]^bibd\s]oe fh`zp]we . csdsgydpfgw
g\e ]h]^bibd\s]oe fh`zp]we ]s\ wco_twgw
w`wdun ogs` shgo scs\gwRgs\ .
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
M`s _y sfis^\f_o`b shgb]R`ygb _cbdwR `s gwj
zwR sco _o`b gbh fw ]R`yfy ]s\ `s ]h^pfw\ .
gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be sghjp_sgbe . cd\` gy` oabvb
sco gb shgb]R`ygb sfis^Rfgw gb u\s `s _y` ]hj
^pfw\ .
V\s `s twts\lzwRgw og\ gb shgb]R`ygb ojw\
sfis^\fgwR o`s`g\ ]p^\fye , cdbfoagw gs wape :
'xWofgw gb ido`b csd]sdRf_sgbe .'xew s`yiodwe p ]sgyiodwe fgdRkgw gbhe
_cdbfg\`bpe gdbjbpe cdbe gb ]dnfcwvb .'xew s`yiodwe p ]sgyiodwe sfis^Rfgw gb shgb]R`ygb cdofzwgs c .j . _w fip`s . S e i t e 1 9 1,`XfZ bWpVZfZeiX=d=efZd=T 1 9 1
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cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
>sgn ^nzbe _cbdwR `s dhz_\fgwR p `s wc\^wuwR
^nzbe wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be
sghjp_sgbe . cdbfsd_ofgw gy` wc\zh_ygp gsj
jpgygs fg\e ]h]^bibd\s]oe fh`zp]we . csdsgyj
dpfgw g\e ]h]^bibd\s]oe fh`zp]we ]s\ wco_j
twgw w`wdun ogs` shgo scs\gwRgs\ .
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
>R`vh`be sghjp_sgbe ^oul _wun^l` v\sibdq` gsjpgygse ]R`yfye fw fjofy _w n^^s shgb]Rj
`ygs , c .j . fg\e s]o^bhzwe cwd\cgqfw\e :
'xfsjwRs cdbfouu\fy sdun ]\`bp_w`l` shj gb]\`pgl` .'xTcogb_y s^^sup ]sgwpzh`fye w`oe shgbj
]\`pgbh fgy v\]p fse ^ldRvs ]h]^bibj
dRse .'xVdpubdy cdbfouu\fy s]R`ygl` shgb]\`pj
gl` .
gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be gdsh_sg\f_bp p zs`ngbh .
csdsgydpfgw g\e ]h]^bibd\s]oe fh`zp]we ]s\
wco_twgw w`wdun ogs` shgo scs\gwRgs\ .
Xc\f]ocyfy
c^p]gds fgb g\_o`\
c^p]gdb?w\gbhduRsepfgy_s w^oujbh fgszwdpe gsjpj
gygse bvpuyfye O n / O f f , v\s]bcp ,
t^ocw fw^Rvs 1 9 3Xc\^bup gsjpgygse , fh`oj\fy w^ouj
jbh fgszwdpe gsjpgygse , t^ocw
fw^Rvs 1 9 4@wRlfy gye scofgsfye , t^ocw fwj
^Rvs 1 9 4c^p]gdb?w\gbhduRsTpayfy gye scofgsfye , t^ocw fwj
^Rvs 1 9 4cs^\`vdb_\]o c^p]gdb :
dpz_\fy gsjpgygse , t^ocw fwj
^Rvs 1 9 3
T\fzygpdse ds`gnd
V\s gy` s`su`qd\fy cdbcbdwho_w`l` shgb]\`pj gl` jdyf\_bcb\wRgs\ o`se s\fzygpdse ds`gndfgb` cdbih^s]gpds .
W\sgydwRgw gb` s\fzygpds ds`gnd ]szsdo ]s\
jldRe w_cov\s .
cdbncbzofw\e ^w\gbhduRse cwd\bjp gsjpgygse
Z to^g\fgy cwd\bjp jdpfye tdRf]wgs\ fw ]s^pe
]sgsf]whpe vdo_bhe .
Z w^nj\fgs dhz_Rf\_y gsjpgygs wR`s\ 3 0 k m / h . Z
_ou\fgy dhz_Rf\_y gsjpgygs wasdgngs\ sco gb
shgb]R`ygb .
fb fpfgy_s _cbdwR `s w`wdubcb\yzwR wcRfye ]s\
_w s]\`ygbcb\y_o`b gb shgb]R`ygb .
@w scw`wdubcb\y_o`y dpz_\fy scofgsfye ,
t^ocw fw^Rvs 1 9 5 , _cbdbp` `s wc\^wubp` ]s\
hky^ogwdwe wc\zh_ygoe gsjpgygwe .
S e i t e 1 9 2iX=d=efZd=T,`XfZ bWpVZfZe 1 9 2
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X`wdubcbRyfy /scw`wdubcbRyfy
]s\ v\s]bcp gbh fhfgp_sgbe
w^oujbh fgszwdpe gsjpgygse
X`wdubcbRyfy csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb fgb g\_o`\ .
b\ w`vw\]g\]oe ^hj`Rwe fgb gs_c^o gl` bdun`l` s`ntbh` ]s\ y fp_s`fy fgb gsjp_wgdb gRzwgs\fgy` gdojbhfs gsjpgygs .
fb fpfgy_s w^oujbh fgszwdpe gsjpgygse _cbj dwR `s jdyf\_bcb\yzwR .
b Wh`s_\]oe M^wujbe Xhfgnzw\se D S C w`vwj . w`wdubcb\wRgs\ .
Tcw`wdubcbRyfy
ew cwdRcglfy scw`wdubcbRyfye _w s]\`ygbcb\yj _o`b gb shgb]R`ygb , csgpfgw gshgojdb`s gbido`b .
csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb fgb g\_o`\ .'xegy` w`wdubcb\y_o`y ]sgnfgsfy : csgpfgw
vpb ibdoe .'xegy ]sgnfgsfy v\s]bcpe : csgpfgw _\s ibdn .
b\ w`vwRaw\e ftp`bh` . Z scbzy]wh_o`y wc\zhj
_ygp gsjpgygs v\sudniwgs\ .
iw\db]R`ygy v\s]bcp csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb fgb g\_o`\ .
ew cwdRcglfy v\s]bcpe _w s]\`ygbcb\y_o`b gb
shgb]R`ygb , csgpfgw gshgojdb`s gb ido`b .
Thgo_sgy v\s]bcp
fb fpfgy_s v\s]ocgw\ shgo_sgs fg\e s]o^bhzwe ]sgsfgnfw\e :
'xPgs` idw`ndw\ b bvyuoe .'xPgs` b wc\^buose iwpuw\ sco gy zofy D .'xPgs` b Wh`s_\]oe M^wujbe cdofihfye D T C
w`wdubcb\yzwR p b Wh`s_\]oe M^wujbe
Xhfgnzw\se D S C scw`wdubcb\yzwR .'xPgs` b Wh`s_\]oe M^wujbe Xhfgnzw\se D S C cdsu_sgbcb\wR dpz_\fy .'xPgs` w`wdubcb\yzwR gb S P O R T + _w gb v\s]ojcgy fwgsdR_sgbe s`ndgyfye .'xPgs` _w s]\`ygbcb\y_o`b gb shgb]R`ygbs`b\jgwR y xq`y sfis^wRse ]s\ y codgs gbh
bvyubp .'xPgs` gb fpfgy_s vw` ojw\ s`su`ldRfw\ wcR
_s]do` s`g\]wR_w`s , c .j . fw vdo_bhe _w _w\lj _o`y ]h]^bibdRs jldRe v\sudn__\fy fgb
c^n\ .'xPgs` csdw_cbvRxwgs\ y cwd\bjp s`su`qd\fye gbh ds`gnd , c .j . ^oul dpcs`fye p \fjhdpe
tdbjpe .'x@wgn sco s]\`yfRs cwd . 3 vwhgwdb^ocgl` , ogs` gb shgb]R`ygb ojw\ s]\`ygbcb\yzwR scogb fpfgy_s .
dpz_\fy gsjpgygse
W\sgpdyfy gye gsjpgygse ,
scbzp]whfy
c\ofgw gb cs^\`vdb_\]o c^p]gdb _Rs ibdn cdbe
gs wcn`l p ]ngl fw ]sgnfgsfy v\s]bcpe .
ew cwdRcglfy w`wdubcb\y_o`bh fhfgp_sgbe v\sj
gydwRgs\ y gdojbhfs gsjpgygs ]s\ scbzy]wpwgs\
le wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs .
Z scbzy]wh_o`y gsjpgygs w_is`Rxwgs\ fgb gsj
jp_wgdb ]s\ u\s ^Rub fgb gs_c^o bdun`l` , t^ocw
fw^Rvs 1 9 5 .
b Wh`s_\]oe M^wujbe Xhfgnzw\se D S C w`vwj . w`wdubcb\wRgs\ .
S e i t e 1 9 3,`XfZ bWpVZfZeiX=d=efZd=T 1 9 3
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T^^sup gsjpgygse
csgpfgw gb cs^\`vdb_\]o c^p]gdb cdbe gswcn`l p cdbe gs ]ngl ofwe ibdoe jdw\nxwgs\ ,_ojd\ `s bd\fgwR y wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs ]R`yfye .
egy` w`wdubcb\y_o`y ]sgnfgsfy scbzy]wpwgs\ y w_is`\xo_w`y gsjpgygs ]s\ wc\ghujn`wgs\ fw
s`b\jgo vdo_b .
'x>nzw w^sido cngy_s gbh cs^\`vdb_\]bp
c^p]gdbh _ojd\ gb fy_wRb s`gRfgsfye shan`w\ p _w\q`w\ gy` wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs ]sgn
cwdRcbh 1 k m / h .'x>nzw cngy_s gbh cs^\`vdb_\]bp c^p]gdbh
cods sco gb fy_wRb s`gRfgsfye s^^nxw\ gy`
wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs fgy` wco_w`y vw]nvs gye o`vw\aye k m / h fgb gsjp_wgdb .
>dsgpfgw gb cs^\`vdb_\]o c^p]gdb fw _\s zofy ,u\s `s wcs`s^ntwgw gy` w`oduw\s .
dpz_\fy scofgsfye
gcovw\ay sfis^wRse
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
fb fpfgy_s vw` scs^^nffw\ gb` bvyuo sco gy`
sgb_\]p gbh whzp`y . ?oul gl` cwd\bd\f_q` gbh fhfgp_sgbe gb idw`nd\f_s _cbdwR `s wR`s\ ]sj
zhfgwdy_o`b . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be sghjp_sgbe p
]R`vh`be h^\]q` xy_\q` . csdsgydwRgw fh`wjqe
g\e ]h]^bibd\s]oe fh`zp]we . cdbfsd_ofgw gy` scofgsfy fg\e ]h]^bibd\s]oe ]s\ ]s\d\]oe
fh`zp]we ]s\ gydwRgw gy` cdbt^wco_w`y scoj
fgsfy sfis^wRse w`vwj . idw`ndb`gse .
@wRlfy gye scofgsfye
csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb gofwe ibdoe , _ojd\
`s dhz_\fgwR y wc\zh_ygp scofgsfy .
Z wc\^wu_o`y scofgsfy , t^ocw fw^Rvs 1 9 5 , w_j
is`Rxwgs\ fgb gs_c^o gl` bdun`l` .
Tpayfy gye scofgsfye csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb gofwe ibdoe , _ojd\`s dhz_\fgwR y wc\zh_ygp scofgsfy .
Z wc\^wu_o`y scofgsfy , t^ocw fw^Rvs 1 9 5 , w_j
is`Rxwgs\ fgb gs_c^o gl` bdun`l` .
eh`oj\fy w^oujbh fgszwdpegsjpgygse
Vw`\]n @\s dpz_\fy gsjpgygse cbh ojw\ v\s]bcwR _cbdwR
`s fh`wj\fgwR _ofl wc\^bupe gye scbzy]wh_o`ye
gsjpgygse .
cd\` sco gy` wc\^bup gye scbzy]wh_o`ye gsjpj
gygse twts\lzwRgw og\ y v\sibdn s`n_wfs fgy`
gdojbhfs gsjpgygs ]s\ fgy` scbzy]wh_o`y gsj
jpgygs vw` wR`s\ cb^p _wun^y . W\sibdwg\]n _cbj
dwR `s cdb]pkw\ s]bpf\b idw`nd\f_s p s]bpf\s
wc\gnjh`fy .
eg\e s]o^bhzwe cwd\cgqfw\e v\sudniwgs\ y scbj
zy]wh_o`y g\_p gye gsjpgygse ]s\ vw` _cbdwR
c^ob` `s s`s]^yzwR :'xew cwdRcglfy scw`wdubcbRyfye gbh fhfgpj
_sgbe .'xew cwdRcglfy scw`wdubcbRyfye gye s`ni^wj aye .
Xc\^bup scbzy]wh_o`ye gsjpgygse
]s\ scofgsfye
ew cwdRcglfy w`wdubcb\y_o`bh fhfgpj
_sgbe , csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb .
S e i t e 1 9 4iX=d=efZd=T,`XfZ bWpVZfZe 1 9 4
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Tcw`wdubcbRyfy /w`wdubcbRyfy
dpz_\fye scofgsfye
gcovw\ay sfis^wRse
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
fb fpfgy_s vw` s`g\vdn fgy` cdbcbdwho_w`y
]h]^bibdRs , s^^n v\sgydwR gy` scbzy]wh_o`y
gsjpgygs . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be sghjp_sgbe p ]R`j vh`be h^\]q` xy_\q` . cdbfsd_ofgw gy` wc\zhj
_ygp gsjpgygs fg\e ]h]^bibd\s]oe fh`zp]we
]s\ w`vwj . idw`ndwgw .
Tcw`wdubcbRyfy dpz_\fye
scofgsfye
>sgn gy v\nd]w\s gye bvpuyfye _w w`wdubcb\yj
_o`b gb fpfgy_s w^oujbh fgszwdpe gsjpgygse
_cbdwR `s scw`wdubcb\yzwR ]s\ `s w`wdubcb\yzwR
y dpz_\fy scofgsfye .
csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb ]s\ ]dsgpfgw gb p
csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb ]s\ ]dsgpfgw gb .
V\s `s scw`wdubcb\pfwgw as`n gy dpz_\fy scoj fgsfye csgpfgw as`n fg\u_\sRs gb c^p]gdb .
@wgn gy` w`s^^sup gye dpz_\fye scofgsfye w_j
is`Rxwgs\ o`s _p`h_s C h e c k C o n t r o l .
X`vwRaw\e fgb gs_c^o gl`
bdun`l`
Xc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs ]s\
scbzy]wh_o`y gsjpgygs
'xfb fy_nv\ s`ntw\ cdnf\`b : fb
fpfgy_s wR`s\ w`wduo , gb fyj
_nv\ vwRj`w\ gy` wc\zh_ygp gsj
jpgygs .'xfb fy_nv\ s`ntw\ cbdgb]s^R :
Z ^w\gbhduRs gbh fhfgp_sgbe
ojw\ v\s]bcwR , gb fy_nv\ vwRjj`w\ gy` scbzy]wh_o`y gsjpj
gygs .'xZ fp_s`fy vw` T`ntw\ : fb fpfgy_s wR`s\ scw`wdubcb\y_o`b .
ep`gb_y o`vw\ay ]sgnfgsfye
Xc\^wu_o`y wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs .
Pgs` vw` w_is`Rxwgs\ y gsjpgygs , w`vwjb_o`le shgp` gy fg\u_p `s _y` gydbp`gs\ b\ scs\dsRgyj
gwe u\s gy ^w\gbhduRs cdbncbzofw\e .
Tcofgsfy shgb]\`pgbh
X_is`Rxwgs\ y wc\^wu_o`y scofgsfy cdbe gb
cdbcbdwho_w`b shgb]R`ygb .
M`vw\ay scofgsfyeTcofgsfy 1Tcofgsfy 2Tcofgsfy 3
XR`s\ dhz_\f_o`y shgo_sgs _wgn gy`
w`wdubcbRyfy gbh fhfgp_sgbe . T`g\j
fgb\jwR cwdRcbh fgy _\fp g\_p gye o`j vw\aye gbh gsjp_wgdbh fw _ogds .Tcofgsfy 4fb fpfgy_s v\s]ocgwgs\ p y dpz_\fy
gye scofgsfye s`sfgo^^wgs\ cdbflj
d\`n , wcw\vp csg\ogs\ gb cw`gn^ gbh u]sx\bp , jldRe s`su`ld\f_o`b shgbj
]R`ygb .Z dpz_\fy gye scofgsfye s`sfgo^j
^wgs\ cdbfld\`n , wcw\vp csg\ogs\ gb
cw`gn^ gbh u]sx\bp , _w s`su`ld\j
f_o`b shgb]R`ygb . S e i t e 1 9 5,`XfZ bWpVZfZeiX=d=efZd=T 1 9 5
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T`su`ld\f_o`b shgb]R`ygbfb fp_tb^b s`ntw\ cbdgb]s^R :
T`su`ldRfgy]w cdbcbdwho_w`b shgb]Rj `ygb .
>h^\o_w`we uds__oe : fb s`su`ld\f_o`b shgb]Rj
`ygb ojw\ aw]\`pfw\ .
fb A C C vw` wc\gsjp`w\ . V\s `s wc\gsjp`wgw w`wdj
ubcb\pfgw gb A C C csgq`gse u\s ^Rub gb cw`gn^ u]sx\bp p csgq`gse gb c^p]gdb R E S p gb cs^\`jvdb_\]o c^p]gdb .
X`vw\]g\]oe ]s\ cdbw\vbcb\yg\]oe
^hj`Rwe
fb fp_tb^b s`stbftp`w\ cbdgb]s^R :
b\ cdbncbzofw\e u\s gy ^w\gbhduRs gbh
fhfgp_sgbe vw` wR`s\ c\s w]c^ydl_o`we .
fb fpfgy_s scw`wdubcb\pzy]w , s^^n idw`ndw\ _ojd\ `s s`s^ntwgw w`wdun gb` o^wujb csgq`gse
gb ido`b p gb cw`gn^ u]sx\bp .
fb fp_tb^b s`stbftp`w\ ]o]]\`b ]s\
o`s fp_s yjwR :
hdw`ndwgw ]s\ w`vwj . cdsu_sgbcb\pfgw
w^\u_o scbihupe .
Pd\s gbh fhfgp_sgbe cwd\bjp s`su`qd\fye
Z \]s`ogygs s`su`qd\fye gbh fhfgp_sgbe ]s\ yshgo_sgy \]s`ogygs idw`sdRf_sgbe wR`s\ cwd\bj
d\f_o`we .
c .j . w`vojwgs\ `s _y` s`su`ld\fgbp` vhb cdbcbj
dwho_w`s vR]h]^s .
Xc\tdnvh`fy fb fpfgy_s vw` wc\tdsvp`w\ , ogs` cn`l fgy`
Rv\s ^ldRvs ]h]^bibdRse tdRf]wgs\ o`s s]\`ygbj
cb\y_o`b w_cov\b , c .j . o`s shgb]R`ygb fw o`s`
]o]]\`b fy_sgbvogy p fgb go^be _\se ]h]^bibj
d\s]pe fh_iodyfye (_cbg\^\sdRf_sgbe ) .
fb fpfgy_s vw` s`g\vdn wcRfye fg\e s]o^bhzwe
fh`zp]we :'xew cwdRcglfy cwxq` p csdo_b\l` sduq` fh_j _wgwjo`gl` fgy` ]h]^bibdRs .'xew cwdRcglfy ]o]]\`l` fy_sgbvbgq` .'xew cwdRcglfy s]R`ygl` s`g\]w\_o`l` .'xew cwdRcglfy ]nzwgye ]h]^bibdRse .'xew cwdRcglfy s`gRzwgye ]h]^bibdRse .
Thgb]R`ygs cbh s^^nxbh` ^ldRvs
M`s cdbcbdwho_w`b shgb]R`ygb s`su`ldRxwgs\
_o`b , sibp cdqgs ojw\ cwdnfw\ w`gw^qe fgy v\]p
fse ^ldRvs ]h]^bibdRse .
Xn` ]ncb\b cdbcbdwho_w`b shgb]R`ygb s^^naw\ asi`\]n ^ldRvs ]s\ _cw\ fgy ^ldRvs fse _cdbj
fgn fse , gb fpfgy_s _cbdwR hco bd\f_o`we
cdbncbzofw\e `s _y` wR`s\ fw zofy `s wcs`sioj
dw\ gy` wc\^wu_o`y scofgsfy sco _o`b gbh . gco
bd\f_o`we fh`zp]we y scb]sgnfgsfy gye wc\j
^wu_o`ye scofgsfye w`vojwgs\ `s _y` wR`s\ wi\j
]gp s]o_s ]s\ fw _wun^we v\sibdoe gsjpgygse
sco cdbcbdwho_w`s shgb]R`ygs , c .j . ]sgn gy udpubdy cdbfouu\fy fw o`s ibdgyuo . @o^\e gb
fpfgy_s s`su`ldRfw\ _w f\ubhd\n ]ncb\b cdbcbj
dwho_w`b shgb]R`ygb , fse cdbw\vbcb\wR u\s gy`
S e i t e 1 9 6iX=d=efZd=T,`XfZ bWpVZfZe 1 9 6
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s`nu]y w`wdupe wco_tsfye _w idw`nd\f_s ]s\
w`vwjb_o`le cdsu_sgbcbRyfye w^\u_q` scbihj upe .
Tcdof_w`y s^^sup gye ^ldRvse
Pgs` o`s shgb]R`ygb _cdbfgn sco wfne , s^^nj aw\ scdof_w`s cRfl sco o`s s]R`ygb shgb]R`ygbfw _\s n^^y ^ldRvs , s`g\vdnfgw b Rv\be , wcw\vp gb
fpfgy_s vw` s`g\vdn fw s]R`ygs shgb]R`ygs .
bvpuyfy fg\e fgdbioe
Xn` y wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs wR`s\ hcwdtb^\]n
hky^p u\s _Rs fgdbip , _w\q`wgs\ w^sidn y gsjpj gygs w`goe gye fgdbipe , lfgofb b\ fgdbioe vw`s`su`ldRxb`gs\ w] gl` cdbgodl` . eh`wcqe `sw\fodjwfgw _w gy flfgp gsjpgygs fg\e fgdbioe .
fb fpfgy_s v\szogw\ cwd\bd\f_o`y cwd\bjp s`sj u`qd\fye . ew fgw`oe fgdbioe _cbdwR `s csdbhjf\sfgbp` ]sgsfgnfw\e , fg\e bcbRwe o`s cdbcbj
dwho_w`b shgb]R`ygb vw` s`su`ldRxwgs\ c^ob`
]szo^bh p s`su`ldRxwgs\ _w fy_s`g\]p ]szhj
fgodyfy .
Pgs` gb shgb]R`ygo fse cdbfwuuRxw\ _\s ]s_cp ,
was\gRse gye ]s_ch^ogygse gb fpfgy_s _cbdwR
`s s`gscb]d\zwR cdbfld\`n fw shgb]R`ygs gye n^^ye ^ldRvse . Z w`vwjo_w`y wc\tdnvh`fy gbh
shgb]\`pgbh _ofl gbh fhfgp_sgbe _cbdwR `s s`g\fgsz_\fgwR _w _\]dp wc\gnjh`fy .
@o^\e siwzwR w^wpzwdb gb cw`gn^ u]sx\bp gb
fpfgy_s w`wdubcb\wRgs\ ]s\ cn^\ ]s\ dhz_Rxw\ shj
go_sgs gy` gsjpgygs .
X]]R`yfy
fb shgb]R`ygb _cbdwR c .j . fg\e wco_w`we ]sgsj
fgnfw\e `s _y` aw]\`pfw\ shgo_sgs gy` cbdwRs :
'xew scogb_we s`yiodwe .'xcd\` sco fs_sdn]\s fgb bvofgdl_s .'x@w tsdp dh_bh^]bp_w`b .
ew shgoe g\e cwd\cgqfw\e csgngw gb cw`gn^ u]sj
x\bp .
>s\d\]oe fh`zp]we
ew vhf_w`wRe ]s\d\]oe fh`zp]we p fh`zp]we ilj
g\f_bp _cbdwR `s \fjpbh` b\ csds]ngl cwd\bd\j
f_bR :
'x@y flfgp s`su`qd\fy shgb]\`pgl` .'xcdbfld\`p v\s]bcp fw pvy s`su`ld\f_o`s
shgb]R`ygs .
csdsvwRu_sgs vhf_w`q` ]s\d\]q` fh`zy]q` p fh`zy]q` ilg\f_bp :
'xgudsfRs .'xi\b`ocglfy .'x?nfcy j\b`\bp .'xb_Rj^y . S e i t e 1 9 7,`XfZ bWpVZfZeiX=d=efZd=T 1 9 7
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'xT`gRzwgbe ilg\f_oe .
bvyuwRgw cdbfw]g\]n ]s\ s`g\vdngw _o`b\ fse
fg\e gdojbhfwe ]h]^bibd\s]oe fh`zp]we . X`vwj .
wco_twgw w`wdun , c .j . _w idw`nd\f_s , w^\u_o
v\wpzh`fye p scbihupe .
=fjpe ]\`ygpds
Z wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs v\sgydwRgs\ wcRfye fw ]sj
gyibd\]p v\svdb_p , s^^n fg\e s`yibd\]oe v\sj
vdb_oe _cbdwR `s _w\lzwR , ogs` y \fjpe gbh ]\`yj
gpds vw` wcsd]wR .
U^nty ^w\gbhduRse
fb fpfgy_s vw` _cbdwR `s w`wdubcb\yzwR , ogs` b
s\fzygpdse ds`gnd vw` wR`s\ flfgn whzhuds_j
_\f_o`be , c .j . ^oul _\se xy_\ne csd]sdRf_sgbe .
fb fpfgy_s _cbdwR `s cwd\bdRxwgs\ , ogs` y cwj d\bjp s`su`qd\fye gbh s\fzygpds ds`gnd ]s^pjcgwgs\ _wd\]qe , c .j . sco gb fgpd\u_s gye c\`s]Rjvse ]h]^bibdRse .
X_is`Rxwgs\ o`s _p`h_s C h e c k - C o n t r o l , ogs` gb fpfgy_s vw ^w\gbhduwR .
epfgy_s w^oujbh fgszwdpe gsjpgygse
Tdjp ^w\gbhduRse @w shgo gb fpfgy_s _cbdwR _ofl gl` c^p]gdl`
fgb g\_o`\ `s dhz_\fgwR _\s wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs .
Z wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs v\sgydwRgs\ sco gb fpj fgy_s . V\s gb` f]bco shgo gb fpfgy_s vR`w\ shj
go_sgs u]nx\ ]s\ w`vwj . idw`ndw\ shgo_sgs .
Vw`\]n T`n^bus _w gy dpz_\fy gbh shgb]\`pgbh gs jsj
ds]gyd\fg\]n gbh fhfgp_sgbe w^oujbh fgszwdpe gsjpgygse _cbdwR `s s^^nabh` fw bd\f_o`we cwjd\bjoe .
gcbvwRaw\e sfis^wRse
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
fb fpfgy_s vw` scs^^nffw\ gb` bvyuo sco gy`
sgb_\]p gbh whzp`y `s w]g\_pfw\ flfgn gy` ]hj ]^bibd\s]p ]sgnfgsfy . ?oul cwd\bd\f_q` gbhfhfgp_sgbe , gb fpfgy_s vw` _cbdwR `s s`g\j
vdn shgo`b_s ]s\ flfgn fw o^we g\e ]sgsfgnj
fw\e gye ]h]^bibdRse . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be sghj
jp_sgbe . cdbfsd_ofgw gb` gdocb bvpuyfye
fg\e ]h]^bibd\s]oe fh`zp]we . csdsgydpfgw
g\e ]h]^bibd\s]oe fh`zp]we ]s\ wco_twgw
w`wdun ogs` shgo scs\gwRgs\ .
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
Z jdpfy gbh fhfgp_sgbe _cbdwR `s bvyupfw\
fw shay_o`b ]R`vh`b sghjp_sgbe fg\e s]o^bhj zwe cwd\cgqfw\e , c .j . :
'xew cwdRcglfy vdo_l` _w cb^^oe fgdbioe .'xew cwdRcglfy ch]`pe bv\]pe ]h]^bibj
dRse .'xew cwdRcglfy b^\fzydbp bvbfgdq_sgbe ,
b_Rj^ye , j\b`\bp , hudsfRse p js^sdbp wvnj
ibhe .
gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be sghjp_sgbe p ]R`vh`be h^\j
]q` xy_\q` . idyf\_bcb\wRgw gb fpfgy_s _o`b ,
ogs` wR`s\ vh`sgp y bvpuyfy _w fgszwdp gsjpj
gygs .
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
>sgn ^nzbe _cbdwR `s dhz_\fgwR p `s wc\^wuwR
^nzbe wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be
sghjp_sgbe . cdbfsd_ofgw gy` wc\zh_ygp gsj
jpgygs fg\e ]h]^bibd\s]oe fh`zp]we . csdsgyj
dpfgw g\e ]h]^bibd\s]oe fh`zp]we ]s\ wco_j
twgw w`wdun ogs` shgo scs\gwRgs\ .
S e i t e 1 9 8iX=d=efZd=T,`XfZ bWpVZfZe 1 9 8
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Xc\f]ocyfy
c^p]gds fgb g\_o`\c^p]gdb?w\gbhduRsepfgy_s w^oujbh fgszwdpe gsjpj
gygse bvpuyfye O n / O f f , v\s]bcp ,
t^ocw fw^Rvs 1 9 9 .Xc\^bup gsjpgygse , fh`oj\fy w^ouj
jbh fgszwdpe gsjpgygse , t^ocw
fw^Rvs 2 0 0 .cs^\`vdb_\]o c^p]gdb :
dpz_\fy gsjpgygse , t^ocw fwj
^Rvs 1 9 9 .
X`wdubcbRyfy /scw`wdubcbRyfy
]s\ v\s]bcp gbh fhfgp_sgbe
w^oujbh fgszwdpe gsjpgygse
X`wdubcbRyfy csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb fgb g\_o`\ .
Z fp_s`fy fgb gsjp_wgdb gRzwgs\ fgy` gdojbhfs gsjpgygs .
fb fpfgy_s w^oujbh fgszwdpe gsjpgygse _cbj dwR `s jdyf\_bcb\yzwR .
b Wh`s_\]oe M^wujbe Xhfgnzw\se D S C w`vwj . w`wdubcb\wRgs\ .
Tcw`wdubcbRyfy csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb fgb g\_o`\ .
'xegy` w`wdubcb\y_o`y ]sgnfgsfy : csgpfgw
vpb ibdoe .'xegy ]sgnfgsfy v\s]bcpe : csgpfgw _\s ibdn .
b\ w`vwRaw\e ftp`bh` . Z scbzy]wh_o`y wc\zhj
_ygp gsjpgygs v\sudniwgs\ .
iw\db]R`ygy v\s]bcp
ew w`wdubcb\y_o`y ]sgnfgsfy csgpfgw
gb c^p]gdb fgb g\_o`\ .
Thgo_sgy v\s]bcp
fb fpfgy_s v\s]ocgw\ shgo_sgs fg\e s]o^bhzwe
]sgsfgnfw\e :'xPgs` b bvyuoe idw`ndw\ .'xPgs` csgyzwR b fh_c^o]gye u\s _wd\]n vwhj gwdo^wcgs p siwzwR jldRe `s ojw\ wc\^wuwR gsjjpgygs .'xPgs` u\s gy` gsjpgygs ojw\ wc\^wuwR _Rs hcwdj
tb^\]n hky^p gsjpgygs fgb ]\tqg\b .'xPgs` b wc\^buose iwpuw\ sco gy zofy D .'xPgs` b Wh`s_\]oe M^wujbe cdofihfye D T C
w`wdubcb\yzwR p b Wh`s_\]oe M^wujbe
Xhfgnzw\se D S C scw`wdubcb\yzwR .'xPgs` b Wh`s_\]oe M^wujbe Xhfgnzw\se D S C cdsu_sgbcb\wR dpz_\fy .'xPgs` w`wdubcb\yzwR gb S P O R T + _w gb v\s]ojcgy fwgsdR_sgbe s`ndgyfye .
dpz_\fy gsjpgygse
W\sgpdyfy gye gsjpgygse ,
scbzp]whfy
c\ofgw gb cs^\`vdb_\]o c^p]gdb _Rs ibdn cdbe
gs wcn`l p ]ngl fw ]sgnfgsfy v\s]bcpe .
ew cwdRcglfy w`wdubcb\y_o`bh fhfgp_sgbe v\sj
gydwRgs\ y gdojbhfs gsjpgygs ]s\ scbzy]wpwgs\
le wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs .
S e i t e 1 9 9,`XfZ bWpVZfZeiX=d=efZd=T 1 9 9
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Z scbzy]wh_o`y gsjpgygs w_is`Rxwgs\ fgb gsj
jp_wgdb ]s\ fgb gs_c^o bdun`l` , t^ocw fwj ^Rvs 2 0 0 .
b Wh`s_\]oe M^wujbe Xhfgnzw\se D S C w`vwj . w`wdubcb\wRgs\ .
T^^sup gsjpgygse
csgpfgw gb cs^\`vdb_\]o c^p]gdb cdbe gswcn`l p cdbe gs ]ngl ofwe ibdoe jdw\nxwgs\ ,_ojd\ `s bd\fgwR y wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs ]R`yfye .
egy` w`wdubcb\y_o`y ]sgnfgsfy scbzy]wpwgs\ y w_is`\xo_w`y gsjpgygs ]s\ wc\ghujn`wgs\ fw
s`b\jgo vdo_b .
'x>nzw w^sido cngy_s gbh cs^\`vdb_\]bp
c^p]gdbh _ojd\ gb fy_wRb s`gRfgsfye , shanj `w\ p _w\q`w\ gy` wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs ]sgn
cwdRcbh 1 k m / h .'x>nzw cngy_s gbh cs^\`vdb_\]bp c^p]gdbh
cods sco gb fy_wRb s`gRfgsfye shan`w\ p _w\q`w\ gy` wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs fgy` wco_w`yvw]nvs gye o`vw\aye k m / h fgb gsjp_wgdb .
Z _ou\fgy dhz_Rf\_y gsjpgygs wasdgngs\ sco
gb shgb]R`ygb .'xcngy_s gbh cs^\`vdb_\]bp c^p]gdbh _ojd\
gb fy_wRb s`gRfgsfye ]s\ ]dngy_s , wc\gsjp`w\
p wc\tdsvp`w\ gb shgb]R`ygb jldRe cngy_s
gbh cw`gn^ gbh u]sx\bp .
Tibp sipfwgw gb cs^\`vdb_\]o c^p]gdb v\sj
gydwRgs\ y wc\gwhjzwRfs gsjpgygs . cngy_s cods sco gb fy_wRb s`gRfgsfye wc\gsjp`w\ gb
shgb]R`ygb cwd\ffogwdb .eh`oj\fy w^oujbh fgszwdpe
gsjpgygse
Vw`\]n
@\s dpz_\fy gsjpgygse cbh ojw\ v\s]bcwR _cbdwR
`s fh`wj\fgwR _ofl wc\^bupe gye scbzy]wh_o`ye
gsjpgygse .
cd\` sco gy` wc\^bup gye scbzy]wh_o`ye gsjpj gygse twts\lzwRgw og\ y v\sibdn s`n_wfs fgy`gdojbhfs gsjpgygs ]s\ fgy` scbzy]wh_o`y gsj
jpgygs vw` wR`s\ cb^p _wun^y . W\sibdwg\]n _cbj
dwR `s cdb]pkw\ s]bpf\b idw`nd\f_s p s]bpf\s
wc\gnjh`fy .
eg\e s]o^bhzwe cwd\cgqfw\e v\sudniwgs\ y scbj
zy]wh_o`y g\_p gye gsjpgygse ]s\ vw` _cbdwR
c^ob` `s s`s]^yzwR :'xew cwdRcglfy scw`wdubcbRyfye gbh fhfgpj
_sgbe .'xew cwdRcglfy scw`wdubcbRyfye gye s`ni^wj aye .
Xc\^bup scbzy]wh_o`ye gsjpgygse
csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb fgb g\_o`\ .
Z scbzy]wh_o`y gsjpgygs wc\ghujn`wgs\ as`n
]s\ v\sgydwRgs\ .
X`vwRaw\e fgb gs_c^o gl`
bdun`l`
X`vw\]g\]p ^hj`Rs T`n^bus _w gb` wabc^\f_o y w`vw\]g\]p^hj`Rs gbh gs_c^o gl` bdun`l` vwRj`w\
wn` gb fpfgy_s wR`s\ w`wdubcb\y_o`b .
Xc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs ]s\
scbzy]wh_o`y gsjpgygs
'xfb fy_nv\ s`ntw\ cdnf\`b : fb
fpfgy_s wR`s\ w`wduo , gb fyj
_nv\ vwRj`w\ gy` wc\zh_ygp gsj
jpgygs . S e i t e 2 0 0iX=d=efZd=T,`XfZ bWpVZfZe 2 0 0
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