BMW 4 SERIES COUPE 2020 ΟΔΗΓΌΣ ΧΡΉΣΗΣ (in Greek)
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epfgy_s M o b i l i t y
Tdjp ^w\gbhduRse@w gb fpfgy_s M o b i l i t y _cbdwRgw `s fgwus`bjcb\pfwgw _\]doe xy_\oe gl` w^sfg\]q` tdsjhjcdozwf_s , u\s `s wR`s\ vh`sgp y fh`oj\fy gyebvpuyfye . V\s shgo gb f]bco c\oxwgs\ hudo fgwj
us`bcb\yg\]o h^\]o _ofs fgs w^sfg\]n , gb bcbRb
]sgn gy fgwdwbcbRyfp gbh fidsuRxw\ gy xy_\n wflgwd\]n .
Vw`\]n
'xcdbfoagw g\e hcbvwRaw\e u\s gy jdpfy gbh
fhfgp_sgbe M o b i l i t y fgb fh_c\wfgp ]s\ fgb
vbjwRb gbh h^\]bp fgwus`bcbRyfye .'xZ jdpfy gbh fhfgp_sgbe M o b i l i t y _cbdwR `s
_y` w`vwR]`hgs\ u\s xy_\oe w^sfg\]q` _w _oj
uwzbe _wus^pgwdb sco cwdRcbh 4 m m .'xXc\]b\`l`pfgw _w o`s` fh`wdungy fodt\e gbh
]sgsf]whsfgp , o`s` n^^b` waw\v\]wh_o`b
fh`wdungy fodt\e p o`s waw\v\]wh_o`b fh`j wduwRb , wn` vw` wR`s\ wi\]go `s fh`wjRfwgwgy` bvpuyfy _w gb w` ^oul w^sfg\]o .'x@y` sis\dofwgw ghjo` ao`s s`g\]wR_w`s cbh
_cbdwR `s ojbh` w\fjldpfw\ fgb w^sfg\]o . Tcb_s]dp`wgw gb ao`b fq_s _o`b , ogs`
cdbwaojw\ bdsgn sco gb w^sfg\]o .'xTis\dofgw gb shgb]o^^ygb u\s gb od\b gsjpj
gygse sco gb vbjwRb h^\]bp fgwus`bcbRyfye
]s\ ]b^^pfgw gb fgb g\_o`\ .'xZ jdpfy _ofl` fgwus`bcbRyfye w`vojwgs\ `s cdbaw`pfw\ xy_\n fgb y^w]gdb`\]o fpfgy_s
gl` gdbjq` R D C . ew shgp` gy` cwdRcglfy idb`gRfgw u\s gy` s`g\]sgnfgsfy gbh y^w]j
gdb`\]bp fhfgp_sgbe gdbjq` R D C _w gy`
wco_w`y wh]s\dRs .'xb fh_c\wfgpe _cbdwR `s jdyf\_bcb\yzwR u\s gb` o^wujb gye cRwfye gl` w^sfg\]q` .
hp^say
fb fpfgy_s M o b i l i t y tdRf]wgs\ ]ngl sco gb vnj cwvb jqdbh scbf]whq` .
WbjwRb h^\]bp fgwus`bcbRyfye'xWbjwRb h^\]bp fgwus`bcbRyfye , to^be 1 .'xXp]s_cgbe fl^p`se c^pdlfye , to^be 2 .
cdbfoagw gy` y_wdb_y`Rs ^paye cn`l fgb vbj jwRb h^\]bp fgwus`bcbRyfye .
eh_c\wfgpe
1W\s]ocgye w`wdubcbRyfye /scw`wdubcbRyfye 2gcbvbjp vbjwRbh h^\]bp fgwus`bcbRyfye 3c^p]gdb _wRlfye cRwfye w^sfg\]q` 4M`vw\ay cRwfye w^sfg\]q` 5eh_c\wfgpe 6h\e /]s^qv\b u\s cdRxs 7Xp]s_cgbe fl^p`se fp`vwfye n gbcbzwgyj
_o`be fgb vncwvb gbh fh_c\wfgp
@ogds sfis^wRse
'xegsz_wpfgw gb shgb]R`ygb ofb uR`wgs\ c\b
_s]d\n sco gy` ]h]^bibdRs ]s\ fw fgszwdo bvofgdl_s .'xX`wdubcb\pfgw gs iqgs s`nu]ye (s^nd_ ) . S e i t e 2 9 1fdbjbR ]T\ X^Tfg\]n M O B I L I T Y 2 9 1
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'xTfis^Rfgw gb shgb]R`ygb o`s`g\ ]p^\fye ,
gdstq`gse gb ido`b fgnz_whfye .'x>^w\vqfgw gb g\_o`\ _w gbhe gdbjbpe fgy
zofy ]sgwhzwRs` w_cdoe .'xP^b\ b\ wc\tngwe cdocw\ `s scbt\tsfgbp` ]s\
`s csds_wR`bh` fw _odbe _s]d\n sco gy` wc\]R`vh`y xq`y , u\s csdnvw\u_s cRfl sco g\ecdbfgsgwhg\]oe _cndwe .'xX`vwjb_o`le gbcbzwgpfgw gb cdbw\vbcb\yjg\]o gdRul`b fw s`gRfgb\jy scofgsfy .
c^pdlfy _w fgwus`bcb\yg\]o
h^\]o
gcbvwRaw\e sfis^wRse
>=AWgAbe
ew cwdRcglfy _c^b]sd\f_o`bh fl^p`s wang_\j
fye p s`wcsd]bpe swd\f_bp _cbdwR `s w\fo^j
zbh` fgb shgb]R`ygb wc\]R`vh`s u\s gy` huwRs
]shfsod\s . fs ]shfsod\s cwd\ojbh` njdl_we
]s\ nbf_we t^stwdoe bhfRwe . ew ]^w\fgbpe jqj
dbhe gs ]shfsod\s _cbdwR `s fhu]w`gdlzbp`
]s\ w]goe gbh shgb]\`pgbh . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be
zs`ngbh . W\sgydwRgw gb fl^p`s gye wang_\fye w^wpzwdb ]s\ idb`gRfgw u\s wcsd]p waswd\f_o .
gcovw\ay
ew cwdRcglfy csdsgwgs_o`ye ^w\gbhduRse _cbj dwR `s hcwdzwd_s`zwR b fh_c\wfgpe . gcndjw\
]R`vh`be h^\]q` xy_\q` . @y` ^w\gbhduwRgw gb
fh_c\wfgp u\s csdscn`l sco 1 0 ^wcgn .
c^pdlfy 1 .T`s]\`pfgw gb vbjwRb h^\]bp fgwus`bcbRyfye . 2 .Tis\dofgw c^pdle gb` wp]s_cgb fl^p`s
fp`vwfye sco gb cwdRt^y_s gbh fh_c\wfgp . @y` ^huRxwgw gb` wp]s_cgb fl^p`s . 3 .fbcbzwgpfgw gb` wp]s_cgb fl^p`s fp`vwj
fye fgy fp`vwfy gbh vbjwRbh h^\]bp fgwusj
`bcbRyfye , _ojd\ `s s]bhfgwR b jsds]gyd\fg\j
]oe pjbe sfin^\fye . 4 .kzpfgw gb vbjwRb fgwus`bcb\yg\]bp h^\]bp
odz\s fgy` hcbvbjp fgb cwdRt^y_s gbh fhj S e i t e 2 9 2 M O B I L I T YfdbjbR ]T\ X^Tfg\]n 2 9 2
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_c\wfgp , _ojd\ `s s]bhfgwR b jsds]gyd\fg\]oe
pjbe sfin^\fye . 5 .Tis\dofgw gb ]scn]\ ts^tRvse sco gy ts^j
tRvs w^sfg\]bp ]s\ t\vqfgw gb` wp]s_cgb
fl^p`s fp`vwfye fgy ts^tRvs w^sfg\]bp gbh
js^sf_o`bh gdbjbp . 6 .@w scw`wdubcb\y_o`b fh_c\wfgp fh`vofgw
gb i\e fgy` cdRxs gbh shgb]\`pgbh . 7 .@w w`wdubcb\y_o`y gy` s`ni^way p _w gb` ]\`ygpds fw ^w\gbhduRs w`wdubcb\pfgw gb fhj
_c\wfgp .
Tipfgw gb fh_c\wfgp `s ^w\gbhdupfw\ u\s ole 1 0 ^wcgn , u\s `s w\fjldpfw\ gb fgwus`bcb\yg\]o
h^\]o ]s\ `s wc\gwhjzwR _\s cRwfy gl` w^sfg\]q` cwdRcbh 2 , 5 b a r .
>sgn gy` c^pdlfy gbh fgwus`bcb\yg\]bp h^\]bp _cbdwR y cRwfy gbh w^sfg\]bp `s shayzwR cdbflj
d\`n _ojd\ ]s\ cwdRcbh 5 b a r . @y` scw`wdubcb\pj
fwgw gb fh_c\wfgp fw shgp gy infy .
ew cwdRcglfy cbh vw` wc\ghujn`wgs\ cRwfy gl`
w^sfg\]q` 2 b a r :
1 .Tcw`wdubcb\pfgw gb fh_c\wfgp . 2 .Tis\dofgw gb i\e sco gy` cdRxs fgb` wflgwj
d\]o jqdb gbh shgb]\`pgbh . 3 .awt\vqfgw gb` wp]s_cgb fl^p`s c^pdlfye sco gy ts^tRvs w^sfg\]bp . 4 .bvyupfgw cdbe gs w_cdoe ]s\ cRfl 1 0 m , u\s
`s ]sgs`wR_wgw gb h^\]o fgwus`bcbRyfye _ofs fgb w^sfg\]o . 5 .hbhf]qfgw as`n gb w^sfg\]o _w gb fh_c\wj
fgp .
Xn` vw` wc\gwhjzwR y cRwfy w^sfg\]bp gl`
2 b a r , wc\]b\`l`pfgw _w o`s` fh`wdungy fodj
t\e gbh ]sgsf]whsfgp , o`s` n^^b` waw\v\]whj _o`b fh`wdungy fodt\e p o`s waw\v\]wh_o`b
fh`wduwRb . S e i t e 2 9 3fdbjbR ]T\ X^Tfg\]n M O B I L I T Y 2 9 3
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Tcbzp]whfy fhfgp_sgbe
M o b i l i t y 1 .Tis\dofgw gb` wp]s_cgb fl^p`s fp`vwfye gbh vbjwRbh h^\]bp fgwus`bcbRyfye sco gy
ts^tRvs w^sfg\]bp . 2 .Tis\dofgw gb i\e gbh fh_c\wfgp sco gy`
cdRxs fgb` wflgwd\]o jqdb gbh shgb]\`pgbh . 3 .Tis\dofgw gb` wp]s_cgb fl^p`s fp`vwfye sco gb vbjwRb h^\]bp fgwus`bcbRyfye . 4 .ehf]whnfgw ]s\ scbzy]wpfgw gb vbjwRb h^\j
]bp fgwus`bcbRyfye ]s\ gb` wp]s_cgb flj
^p`s fp`vwfye , u\s `s scbiwhjzbp` dpcb\
fgb` jqdb scbf]whq` . 5 .Xcs`sgbcbzwgpfgw gb fpfgy_s M o b i l i t y fgb`
jqdb scbf]whq` .
>sgs`b_p gbh fgwus`bcb\yg\]bp
h^\]bp
bvyupfgw s_ofle cwd . 1 0 k m , u\s `s ]sgs`w_yj
zwR b_b\o_bdis gb h^\]o fgwus`bcbRyfye fgb w^sfg\]o .
@y` hcwdtsR`wgw gy` wc\gdwco_w`y _ou\fgy gsj jpgygs gl` 8 0 k m / h .
T` wR`s\ wi\]go , _y` _w\qfwgw gy` gsjpgygs ]ngl
sco gs 2 0 k m / h .
W\odzlfy cRwfye w^sfg\]q`
1 .egs_sgpfgw gb shgb]R`ygb fw ]sgn^^y^b fyj _wRb . 2 .U\vqfgw gb` wp]s_cgb fl^p`s fp`vwfye
wcn`l fgy ts^tRvs gbh w^sfg\]bp . 3 .fbcbzwgpfgw gb` wp]s_cgb fl^p`s fp`vwj
fye scwhzwRse wcn`l fgb fh_c\wfgp . 4 .eh`vofgw gb i\e fgy` cdRxs gbh dwp_sgbe fgb` wflgwd\]o jqdb gbh shgb]\`pgbh . 5 .W\bdzqfgw gy` cRwfy gl` w^sfg\]q` fgs 2 , 5 b a r .'xTpayfy gye cRwfye w^sfg\]q` : @w w`wdubj
cb\y_o`y s`ni^way p _w gb` ]\`ygpds fw ^w\gbhduRs w`wdubcb\pfgw gb fh_c\wfgp .'x@wRlfy cRwfye w^sfg\]q` : csgpfgw gb
c^p]gdb fgb fh_c\wfgp .
eh`oj\fy gye bvpuyfye
@y` awcwd`ngw gy _ou\fgy wc\gdwcgp gsjpgygs
gl` 8 0 k m / h .
Tdj\]bcb\pfgw w] `obh gy` o`vw\ay t^ntye w^sfg\]q` R P A .
X]gw^ofgw wcs`sibdn gbh w^oujbh cRwfye
w^sfg\]q` R D C .
T`szofgw _w gy` wco_w`y wh]s\dRs gy` s`g\]sgnj fgsfy gbh js^sf_o`bh w^sfg\]bp ]s\ gbh vbj
jwRbh h^\]bp fgwus`bcbRyfye gbh fhfgp_sgbe
M o b i l i t y .
S e i t e 2 9 4 M O B I L I T YfdbjbR ]T\ X^Tfg\]n 2 9 4
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T`g\b^\fzyg\]oe s^hfRvwe
gcbvwRaw\e sfis^wRse
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
fbcbzwgq`gse s`g\b^\fzyg\]oe s^hfRvwe fw
s]sgn^^y^s w^sfg\]n , b\ s`g\b^\fzyg\]oe s^hfRj
vwe _cbdwR `s odzbh` fw wcsip _w _ody gbh
shgb]\`pgbh . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be sghjp_sgbe p
]R`vh`be h^\]q` xy_\q` . fbcbzwgwRgw g\e s`g\j b^\fzyg\]oe s^hfRvwe _o`b cn`l fw w^sfg\]n ,
gs bcbRs ojbh` jsds]gyd\fgwR sco gb` ]sgsj
f]whsfgwR le ]sgn^^y^s u\s gy jdpfy s`g\b^\j
fzyg\]q` s^hfRvl` .
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
T`wcsd]qe gw`gl_o`we s`g\b^\fzyg\]oe s^hfRj
vwe _cbdwR `s cdb]s^ofbh` t^nty fgs w^sj
fg\]n ]s\ fw _ody gbh shgb]\`pgbh . gcndjw\
]R`vh`be sghjp_sgbe p ]R`vh`be h^\]q` xy_\q` .
cdocw\ `s twts\q`wfgw cn`gbgw og\ b\ s`g\b^\j
fzyg\]oe s^hfRvwe wR`s\ fi\u_o`we flfgn . Xn`
scs\gwRgs\ , fiRagw g\e as`n fp_il`s _w g\e bvyj
uRwe gbh ]sgsf]whsfgp gl` s`g\b^\fzyg\]q`
s^hfRvl` .
T`g\b^\fzyg\]oe s^hfRvwe _w
^wcgbpe ]dR]bhe
b ]sgsf]whsfgpe gbh shgb]\`pgbh fh`\fgn gy jdpfy s`g\b^\fzyg\]q` s^hfRvl` _w ^wcgbpe ]dRj]bhe . ehu]w]d\_o`we s`g\b^\fzyg\]oe s^hfRvwe_w ^wcgbpe ]dR]bhe ojbh` hcbt^yzwR fw vb]\_oe]s\ ojbh` jsds]gyd\fgwR le sfis^wRe ]s\ ]sgn^j^y^we sco gb` ]sgsf]whsfgp gbh shgb]\`pgbh
fse .
V\s c^ydbibdRwe fjwg\]n _w g\e ]sgn^^y^we s`g\j b^\fzyg\]oe s^hfRvwe scwhzh`zwRgw fw o`s` fh`jwdungy fodt\e gbh ]sgsf]whsfgp , o`s` n^^b`
waw\v\]wh_o`b fh`wdungy fodt\e p o`s waw\v\]whj
_o`b fh`wduwRb .
idpfy
idpfy _o`b ]sgn xwpuy fgbhe cRfl gdbjbpe _w
w^sfg\]n gye v\nfgsfye :'x 2 2 5 / 5 5 R 1 6 .'x 2 2 5 / 5 0 R 1 7 .'x 2 2 5 / 4 5 R 1 8 .
cdbfoagw g\e hcbvwRaw\e gbh ]sgsf]whsfgp gl` s`g\b^\fzyg\]q` s^hfRvl` .
@w s`g\b^\fzyg\]oe s^hfRvwe _y` sdj\]bcb\pfwgw
gy` o`vw\ay t^ntye w^sfg\]q` R P A , v\sibdwg\]n
_cbdwR `s cdb]pkbh` wfis^_o`we w`vwRaw\e .
@w s`g\b^\fzyg\]oe s^hfRvwe _y` w]gw^wRgw wcsj
`sibdn gbh w^oujbh cRwfye w^sfg\]q` R D C , v\sj ibdwg\]n _cbdwR `s cdb]pkbh` wfis^_o`we w`j
vwRaw\e .
>sgn gy` bvpuyfy _w s`g\b^\fzyg\]oe s^hfRvwe
w`vwjb_o`le w`wdubcb\pfgw u\s fp`gb_b jdb`\]o
v\nfgy_s gb vh`s_\]o o^wujb cdofihfye D T C .
@ou\fgy gsjpgygs _w
s`g\b^\fzyg\]oe s^hfRvwe
@w s^hfRvwe vw` wc\gdocwgs\ `s awcwd`ngw gs
5 0 k m / h .
T^^sup gdbjq`
Vw`\]n ew cwdRcglfy w^sfg\]q` _w \v\ogygwe ^w\gbhduRse
s`nu]ye p jdpfye w`oe fwg wc\v\odzlfye w^sj
fg\]q` , vw` wR`s\ cn`gs scsdsRgygy _\s n_wfy s^^sup gdbjbp fw cwdRcglfy scq^w\se cRwfye
gl` w^sfg\]q` fw cwdRcglfy sghjp_sgbe .
V\s gs ]sgn^^y^s wdus^wRs cbh v\sgRzw`gs\ le
sawfbhnd cdb]w\_o`bh `s s^^nawgw gbhe gdbj jbpe scwhzh`zwRgw fw cwdRcglfy s`nu]ye fw
o`s` fh`wdungy fodt\e gbh ]sgsf]whsfgp , o`s`
n^^b` waw\v\]wh_o`b fh`wdungy fodt\e p o`s waw\v\]wh_o`b fh`wduwRb .
S e i t e 2 9 5fdbjbR ]T\ X^Tfg\]n M O B I L I T Y 2 9 5
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gcbvwRaw\e sfis^wRse
>=AWgAbe
b udp^be cdbbdRxwgs\ _o`b u\s gy` cdbfld\`p s`pklfy gbh shgb]\`pgbh ]sgn gy` s^^sup
gdbjbp . T]o_s ]s\ ogs` gydbp`gs\ gs _ogds sfis^wRse hcndjw\ ]R`vh`be `s cofw\ gb shgbj]R`ygb ^oul s`sgdbcpe gbh udp^bh . gcndjw\
]R`vh`be gdsh_sg\f_bp p zs`ngbh . Pgs` gb
shgb]R`ygb ojw\ s`hklzwR _w gb` udp^b , _y`
asc^q`wgw ]ngl sco gb shgb]R`ygb ]s\ _y` tnj xwgw _cdbfgn gb` ]\`ygpds .
>=AWgAbe
>sgn gy jdpfy tnfwl` , c .j . ap^\`l` gn]l`
] .^c . , ]ngl sco gb` udp^b , b udp^be v\szogw\
_w\l_o`y s`hklg\]p \]s`ogygs ^oul gbh cwd\bj d\f_o`bh pkbhe . Z s`hklg\]p \]s`ogygs gl`
ap^\`l` gn]l` _cbdwR `s awcwdsfgwR ]s\ gb shj gb]R`ygb _cbdwR `s s`sgdscwR . gcndjw\ ]R`vhj
`be gdsh_sg\f_bp p zs`ngbh . @y` gbcbzwgwRgw
tnfw\e ]ngl sco gb` udp^b .
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
b udp^be shgb]\`pgbh gbh ]sgsf]whsfgp shj
gb]\`pgbh cdbbdRxwgs\ _o`b u\s gy` s`g\]sgnj fgsfy gdbjbp fw cwdRcglfy t^ntye . b udp^be
shgb]\`pgbh vw` cdbbdRxwgs\ u\s fhj`p jdpfy ,
c .j . u\s gy` s^^sup zwd\`q` fw jw\_wd\`n w^sj
fg\]n . ew cwdRcglfy fhj`pe jdpfye _cbdwR b
udp^be shgb]\`pgbh `s _su]qfw\ p `s hcbfgwR
xy_\n . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be gdsh_sg\f_bp ]s\ ]R`j
vh`be h^\]q` xy_\q` . idyf\_bcb\wRgw gb` udp^b
shgb]\`pgbh _o`b u\s gy` s`g\]sgnfgsfy w`oe
gdbjbp s`nu]ye p dwxodtse fw cwdRcglfy
t^ntye .
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
ew _s^s]o , s`q_s^b p b^\fzydo hcofgdl_s ,
c .j . j\o`\ , cnube , c^s]Rv\s ] .n . , _cbdwR `s b^\j fzpfw\ c^whd\]n b udp^be . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`begdsh_sg\f_bp . Z s^^sup gdbjq` cdocw\ `s uRj`wgs\ fw ]sgn gb vh`sgo` wcRcwvy , f]^ydp ]s\s`g\b^\fzyg\]p wc\in`w\s .
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
b udp^be w`vwR]`hgs\ _o`b u\s gy` s`pklfy
gbh shgb]\`pgbh ]s\ u\s g\e hcbvbjoe udp^bh cbh hcndjbh` fgb shgb]R`ygb . gcndjw\ ]R`vhj
`be gdsh_sg\f_bp . @y` s`hkq`wgw n^^s bjpj
_sgs p ^b\cn ibdgRs _w gb udp^b shgb]\`pgbh .
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
T` b udp^be vw` ojw\ w\fsjzwR fgy` cdbt^wcoj _w`y hcbvbjp udp^bh , _cbdwR ]sgn gy` s`pj
klfy `s cdb]^yzbp` xy_\oe fgb shgb]R`ygb p
`s u^\fgdpfw\ b udp^be . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be
gdsh_sg\f_bp p ]R`vh`be h^\]q` xy_\q` . >sgn
gy` s`pklfy twts\lzwRgw , og\ b udp^be ojw\ w\fsjzwR fgy` hcbvbjp udp^bh vRc^s fgb` zo^b
gdbjbp .
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
M`s shgb]R`ygb cbh ojw\ s`hklzwR _w udp^b _cbdwR `s cofw\ sco gb` udp^b fw cwdRcglfycbh sf]yzbp` cn`l gbh c^whd\]oe vh`n_w\e .
gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be gdsh_sg\f_bp ]s\ ]R`vh`be
h^\]q` xy_\q` . Pgs` gb shgb]R`ygb wR`s\ s`hj
kl_o`b _y` sf]wRgw cn`l fgb shgb]R`ygb
c^whd\]oe vh`n_w\e ]s\ _y` gdstngw scogb_s
gb shgb]R`ygb . T` ojw\ ]b^^pfw\ ]ncb\be gdbj
joe , cdocw\ `s sis\dwzwR sco fh`wdungy fodj
t\e gbh ]sgsf]whsfgp , n^^b` waw\v\]wh_o`b
fh`wdungy fodt\e p waw\v\]wh_o`b fh`wduwRb .
S e i t e 2 9 6 M O B I L I T YfdbjbR ]T\ X^Tfg\]n 2 9 6
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Tfis^Rfgw gb shgb]R`ygb , u\s `s
_y` ]h^pfw\
Vw`\]n
b ]sgsf]whsfgpe gbh shgb]\`pgbh fh`\fgn gy`
wc\cdofzwgy sfin^\fy gbh shgb]\`pgbh o`s`g\ ]p^\fye ]sgn gy` s^^sup gdbjbp .
ew wcRcwvy wc\in`w\s
fbcbzwgpfgw gn]bhe p n^^s ]sgn^^y^s s`g\]wRj
_w`s , c .j . _\s cogds , _cdbfgn ]s\ cRfl sco gb`
gdbjo , b bcbRbe tdRf]wgs\ v\suq`\s sco`s`g\ sco
gb` gdbjo cbh zs s^^nawgw .
ew w^sid\n ]sgyiods
T` jdw\sfgwR `s s^^nawgw gdbjo fw w^sid\n ]sj gyiods , gbcbzwgpfgw gn]bhe p n^^s ]sgn^^y^s
s`g\]wR_w`s , c .j . _\s cogds , s`gRzwgs cdbe gy` ]sgwpzh`fy ]p^\fye ]ngl sco gbhe gdbjbpe gbh
_cdbfg\`bp ]s\ cRfl nab`s .
Tfin^w\s _cbh^b`\q`
Tdjp ^w\gbhduRse
fs _cbh^o`\s sfin^\fye gdbjq` v\szogbh` w\j
v\]p ]lv\]bcbRyfy . fs _cbh^o`\s s`bRubh` _o`b _w gb` cdbfsd_buos cbh gs\d\nxw\ fgy` ]lv\]bjcbRyfy .
Xc\f]ocyfy b cdbfsd_buose gye sfin^w\se _cbh^b`\q`
tdRf]wgs\ fgb fwg wdus^wRl` p fw _Rs zp]y fgb
fwg wdus^wRl` .'x@cbh^o`\ , to^be 1 .'xcdbfsd_buose , to^be 2 .
awtRvl_s
1 .fbcbzwgpfgw gb` cdbfsd_buos fgb _cbhj ^o`\ . 2 .awt\vqfgw gb _cbh^o`\ . 3 .@wgn gb awtRvl_s sis\dofgw as`n gb` cdbjfsd_buos .
URvl_s
1 .fbcbzwgpfgw gb` cdbfsd_buos fgb _cbhj^o`\ . X`vwj . cwd\fgdokgw gb` cdbfsd_buos_ojd\ `s gs\d\nxw\ cn`l fgb _cbh^o`\ . 2 .U\vqfgw gb _cbh^o`\ . Z dbcp fpfi\aye wR`s\
1 4 0 N m . 3 .@wgn gb tRvl_s sis\dofgw as`n gb` cdbj
fsd_buos ]s\ ih^nagw gb` . S e i t e 2 9 7fdbjbR ]T\ X^Tfg\]n M O B I L I T Y 2 9 7
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cdbwgb\_sfRs shgb]\`pgbh'xegsz_wpfgw gb shgb]R`ygb fw sfis^p scoj
fgsfy sco gy` bv\]p ]h]^bibdRs , fw fgsj zwdo ]s\ _y b^\fzydo ovsibe .'xX`wdubcb\pfgw gs iqgs s`nu]ye (s^nd_ ) .'xWofgw gb ido`b csd]sdRf_sgbe .'xXc\^oagw gsjpgygs p gy zofy gbh wc\^buos P .'x@o^\e gb wc\gdokw\ y dbp ]h]^bibdRse o^b\ b\wc\tngwe zs cdocw\ `s scbt\tsfgbp` ]s\ `s
csds_wR`bh` fw _odbe _s]d\n sco gy` cwj
d\bjp ]\`vp`bh , c .j . cRfl sco g\e cdbfgsgwhg\j ]oe _cndwe .'xT`n^bus _w gb` wabc^\f_o sis\dofgw gs wdj
us^wRs s^^supe gdbjq` ]s\ w`vwj . gb` wiwj vd\]o gdbjo s`nu]ye sco gb shgb]R`ygb .'xfbcbzwgpfgw gb cdbw\vbcb\yg\]o gdRul`b pgs iqgs cdbw\vbcbRyfye (s^nd_ ) fw sd]wgp
scofgsfy cRfl sco gb shgb]R`ygb .'xTfis^Rfgw gb shgb]R`ygb wc\c^ob` u\s `s _y`
]h^pfw\ .'x?pfgw gs _cbh^o`\s gdbjbp ]sgn _\fp cwd\j
fgdbip .
gcbvbjoe fgwdolfye gbh
udp^bh
b\ hcbvbjoe udp^bh tdRf]b`gs\ fg\e wc\fy_sj
f_o`we zofw\e .
ey]qfgw gb shgb]R`ygb
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
fs jod\s p vn]gh^s _cbdwR `s fiy`lzbp` ]sgn gy jdpfy gbh udp^bh . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be
gdsh_sg\f_bp . >sgn gy jdpfy gbh udp^bh gyj dpfgw gy` cwd\udsio_w`y zofy gl` jwd\q` ]s\_y` s^^nxwgw gy zofy shgp .
1 .@w gb o`s jod\ ]dsgpfgw gb` udp^b , to^be 1 ,]s\ _w gb n^^b jod\ ]dsgpfgw gb` fgdois^bgbh udp^bh shgb]\`pgbh , to^be 2 . 2 .X\fnuwgw gb` udp^b fgy` ]nzwgy wfbjp gye
hcbvbjpe udp^bh , y bcbRs tdRf]wgs\ c\b ]bj
`gn fgb` gdbjo cbh zs s^^nawgw . S e i t e 2 9 8 M O B I L I T YfdbjbR ]T\ X^Tfg\]n 2 9 8
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3 .cwd\fgdoib`gse gb` fgdois^b gbh udp^bhshgb]\`pgbh p gb` _bj^o vwa\ofgdbis w]gwRj`wgw gb` udp^b . 4 .Tcb_s]dp`wgw gb jod\ sco gb` udp^b , _o^\e budp^be tdRf]wgs\ hco ibdgRb ]s\ fh`wjRfgw
`s cwd\fgdoiwgw gb fgdois^b gbh udp^bh
shgb]\`pgbh p gb` _bj^o _w gb o`s jod\ . 5 .Uwts\lzwRgw og\ y tnfy gbh udp^bh w]gwR`wj
gs\ ]nzwgs ]s\ og\ tdRf]wgs\ fw bdzp ul`Rs
]ngl sco gy` hcbvbjp udp^bh . 6 .>sgn gy` o]gsfy cdbfoagw y tnfy gbh udpj ^bh `s tdRf]wgs\ ]nzwgs ]s\ fw bdzp ul`Rs
]ngl sco gy` hcbvbjp udp^bh . 7 .T`wtnfgw gb` udp^b gofb , qfgw `s wisd_oj fw\ c^pdle fgb ovsibe ]s\ b s`gRfgb\jbe
gdbjoe `s s`hklzwR ole 3 c m sco gb ovsj ibe .fbcbzogyfy gdbjbp
T` jdw\nxwgs\ gbcbzwgpfgw ole o`s` wiwvd\]ogdbjo s`nu]ye . 1 .awt\vqfgw gs _cbh^o`\s gdbjbp . 2 .Tis\dofgw gb` gdbjo . 3 .fbcbzwgpfgw gb `ob gdbjo p gb` wiwvd\]o
gdbjo s`nu]ye ]s\ t\vqfgw s`g\v\s_wgd\]n gbh^nj\fgb` vpb _cbh^o`\s gdbjbp _w gb
jod\ .
Xn` vw` gbcbzwgyzbp` u`pf\b\ gdbjbR w^sj idbp ]dn_sgbe sco gb` ]sgsf]whsfgp gbhshgb]\`pgbh , cdocw\ w`vwjb_o`le `s jdyf\j_bcb\yzbp` gs _cbh^o`\s gdbjq` cbh gs\d\nj
xbh` fgbhe gdbjbpe . 4 .U\vqfgw gs hco^b\cs _cbh^o`\s gdbjbp _w gb
jod\ ]s\ fiRagw fgshdlgn o^s gs _cbh^o`\s gdbjbp . 5 .cwd\fgdokgw gb` fgdois^b gbh udp^bh shgbj]\`pgbh sd\fgwdofgdbis u\s `s s`sfpdwgw
gb` udp^b ]s\ `s js_y^qfwgw gb shgb]R`ygb . 6 .Tis\dofgw gb` udp^b shgb]\`pgbh ]s\ scbzyj
]wpfgw gb` fw sfis^oe _odbe .
@wgn gy` s^^sup gdbjbp
1 .eiRagw gs _cbh^o`\s gdbjbp fgshdlgn . Z dbcp fpfi\aye s`odjwgs\ fw 1 4 0 N m . 2 .T` jdw\nxwgs\ ih^nagw gb` w^sggl_sg\]o
gdbjo fgb` jqdb scbf]whq` .
b w^sggl_sg\]oe gdbjoe vw` _cbdwR `s gbcbj zwgyzwR ^oul gbh _wuozbhe gbh ]ngl sco gbvncwvb jqdbh scbf]whq` . 3 .X^ouagw ]s\ w`vwjb_o`le v\bdzqfgw gy`
cRwfy w^sfg\]q` _w gy` wco_w`y wh]s\dRs . 4 .Tdj\]bcb\pfgw w] `obh gy` o`vw\ay t^ntye w^sfg\]q` R P A .
X]gw^ofgw wcs`sibdn gbh w^oujbh cRwfye
w^sfg\]q` R D C . S e i t e 2 9 9fdbjbR ]T\ X^Tfg\]n M O B I L I T Y 2 9 9
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5 .X^ouagw gy fgszwdp wisd_bup gl` _cbh^bj
`\q` gdbjbp _w o`s tsz_b`b_y_o`b vh`s_oj ]^w\vb . 6 .bvyupfgw _ojd\ gb` wco_w`b fh`wdungy fodjt\e gbh ]sgsf]whsfgp , o`s` n^^b` waw\v\]whj_o`b fh`wdungy fodt\e p o`s waw\v\]wh_o`b
fh`wduwRb , u\s `s s`g\]sgsfgpfwgw gb w^sgj gl_sg\]o w^sfg\]o . S e i t e 3 0 0 M O B I L I T YfdbjbR ]T\ X^Tfg\]n 3 0 0
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