BMW 4 SERIES GRAN COUPE 2019 ΟΔΗΓΌΣ ΧΡΉΣΗΣ (in Greek)
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ehfgp_sgs w^oujbh whfgnzw\se bvpuyfyeXabc^\f_oe shgb]\`pgbh
egb csdo` ]win^s\b cwd\udnib`gs\ o^b\ b\ tsf\j
]bR wabc^\f_bR , b\ wabc^\f_bR v\sibdwg\]q` jldq` ]szqe ]s\ b\ w\v\]bR wabc^\f_bR , b\ bcbRb\ cdbfiojdb`gs\ fgy fw\dn _b`go^l` . Xcb_o`le , cwd\udnj
ib`gs\ wcRfye wabc^\f_bR b\ bcbRb\ vw` wR`s\ v\sj
zof\_b\ fw o`s shgb]R`ygb c .j . ^oul gbh
wc\^wu_o`bh w\v\]bp wabc^\f_bp p gye o]vbfye u\s gy` w]nfgbgw jqds . Thgo \fjpw\ wcRfye u\s
^w\gbhduRwe ]s\ fhfgp_sgs cbh fjwgRxb`gs\ _w
gy` sfin^w\s . >sgn gy jdpfy gl` s`gRfgb\jl` ^w\gbhdu\q` ]s\ fhfgy_ngl` cdocw\ `s gydbp`gs\
b\ w]nfgbgw \fjpb`gwe `o_b\ ]s\ ]s`b`\f_bR .
epfgy_s
s`g\_c^b]sdRf_sgbe ( A B S )
fb fpfgy_s A B S scbgdocw\ gb _c^b]nd\f_s gl` gdbjq` ]sgn gb idw`nd\f_s .
Z \]s`ogygs v\wpzh`fye gbh shgb]\`pgbh v\sgyj
dwRgs\ wcRfye ]s\ fw cwdRcglfy idw`sdRf_sgbe
cs`\]bp , ogf\ shan`wgs\ y w`wdup sfin^w\s bvpj
uyfye .
@wgn sco ]nzw w]]R`yfy gbh ]\`ygpds wR`s\ gb fpfgy_s A B S fw wgb\_ogygs .
gcbtbpzyfy covyfye
>sgn gb udpubdb cngy_s gbh ido`bh , shgo gb
fpfgy_s ojw\ le scbgo^wf_s _\s _ou\fgy w`Rj
fjhfy gye vp`s_ye covyfye . Z v\svdb_p idwj
`sdRf_sgbe v\sgydwRgs\ ogf\ fw cwdRcglfy idwj
`sd\f_ngl` cs`\]bp ofb uR`wgs\ c\b fp`gb_be .
fshgojdb`s sa\bcb\bp`gs\ gs c^wb`w]gp_sgs
gbh fhfgp_sgbe s`g\_c^b]sdRf_sgbe gdbjq`
A B S .
@y` w^sggqfwgw gy` cRwfy fgb cw`gn^ ido`bh
]szs o^y gy v\nd]w\s gbh idw`sdRf_sgbe cs`\j
]bp .
Wh`s_\]oe o^wujbe whfgnzw\se ( D S C )
Tdjp ^w\gbhduRse
fb fpfgy_s tbyznw\ , w`goe gl` bdRl` gl` `o_l`
gye ihf\]pe , gb shgb]R`ygb `s csds_wR`w\ fw sfis^p cbdwRs , _ofl gye _wRlfye gye \fjpbegbh ]\`ygpds ]s\ gye wco_tsfye fgs ido`s _wj_b`l_o`l` gdbjq` .
Vw`\]n fb D S C s`su`ldRxw\ c .j . g\e csds]ngl sfgszwRe
]sgsfgnfw\e bvpuyfye :
'xAgwdscnd\f_s gbh cRfl _odbhe gbh shgb]\j `pgbh , bvyuq`gse fw hcwdfgdbip .'xTcq^w\s cdofihfye gl` _cdbfg\`q` gdbjq` ,
bvyuq`gse fw hcbfgdbip .
@Rs waw\v\]wh_o`y fgy` cdolfy csds^^sup gbh
fhfgp_sgbe D S C wR`s\ b vh`s_\]oe o^wujbe
cdofihfye D T C , t^ocw fw^Rvs 1 9 2 .
gcbvwRaw\e sfis^wRse
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
fb fpfgy_s vw` scs^^nffw\ gb` bvyuo sco gy`
sgb_\]p gbh whzp`y `s w]g\_pfw\ flfgn gy` ]hj ]^bibd\s]p ]sgnfgsfy . ?oul cwd\bd\f_q` gbhfhfgp_sgbe , gb fpfgy_s vw` _cbdwR `s s`g\j
vdn shgo`b_s ]s\ flfgn fw o^we g\e ]sgsfgnj
fw\e gye ]h]^bibdRse . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be sghj
jp_sgbe . cdbfsd_ofgw gb` gdocb bvpuyfye
fg\e ]h]^bibd\s]oe fh`zp]we . csdsgydpfgw
g\e ]h]^bibd\s]oe fh`zp]we ]s\ wco_twgw
w`wdun ogs` shgo scs\gwRgs\ .
S e i t e 1 9 1ehfgp_TgT X^oVjbh Xhfgn[X\Te bWpVZfZeiX=d=efZd=T 1 9 1
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cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
>sgn gy` bvpuyfy _w ibdgRb bdbipe , c .j . _w fjnds bdbipe , _cbdwR ^oul gbh hky^bp ]o`j
gdbh tndbhe `s _y` v\sfis^Rxwgs\ c^ob` y
sfin^w\s bvpuyfye fw ]dRf\_we ]sgsfgnfw\e
bvpuyfye . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be sghjp_sgbe p ]R`j vh`be h^\]q` xy_\q` . >sgn gy` bvpuyfy _w
ibdgRb bdbipe _y` scw`wdubcb\wRgw gb vh`sj _\]o o^wujb whfgnzw\se D S C .
Xc\f]ocyfy
c^p]gdb fgb shgb]R`ygb
c^p]gdb D S C O F F
X`vw\]g\]oe ]s\
cdbw\vbcb\yg\]oe ^hj`Rwe
Z w`vw\]g\]p ^hj`Rs s`stbftp`w\ : fb
fpfgy_s D S C dhz_Rxw\ g\e vh`n_w\e
]R`yfye ]s\ covyfye .
Z w`vw\]g\]p ^hj`Rs s`ntw\ : fb fpfgy_s D S C ojw\ t^nty .
Tcw`wdubcbRyfy fhfgp_sgbe
D S C : D S C O F F
Vw`\]n Tcw`wdubcb\q`gse gb D S C cwd\bdRxwgs\ y whfgnjzw\s bvpuyfye ]sgn gy` wc\gnjh`fy ]s\ ]sgn gy`bvpuyfy fw fgdbioe .
V\s gy` hcbfgpd\ay gye whfgnzw\se shgb]\`pgbh
w`wdubcb\pfgw gb fh`gb_ogwdb vh`sgo` as`n gb` Wh`s_\]o M^wujb Xhfgnzw\se D S C .
Tcw`wdubcbRyfy fhfgp_sgbe D S C csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb csdsgwgs_o`s , oj\o_le cwd\ffogwdb sco 1 0 vwhgwdo^wj
cgs cwdRcbh _ojd\ `s s`nkw\ fgb gs_c^o gl` bdj
un`l` y w`vw\]g\]p ^hj`Rs u\s gy` scw`wdubj
cbRyfy gbh fhfgp_sgbe D S C ]s\ `s w_is`\fgwR y
o`vw\ay D S C O F F .
fb D S C wR`s\ scw`wdubcb\y_o`b .
fb fpfgy_s v\wpzh`fye ]s\ s`s^oule gbh wabj
c^\f_bp ]s\ gb fpfgy_s s`ndgyfye ojbh` fcbd
dpz_\fy .
X`wdubcbRyfy gbh fhfgp_sgbe D S C csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb .
Z o`vw\ay D S C O F F ]s\ y w`vw\]g\]p
^hj`Rs D S C O F F ftp`bh` .
X`vw\]g\]oe ]s\ cdbw\vbcb\yg\]oe
^hj`Rwe
@w scw`wdubcb\y_o`b D S C fgb gs_c^o gl` bdj
un`l` w_is`Rxwgs\ D S C O F F .
Z w`vw\]g\]p ^hj`Rs T`ntw\ : fb fpfgy_s
D S C wR`s\ scw`wdubcb\y_o`b .
Wh`s_\]oe o^wujbe cdofihfye ( D T C )
Tdjp ^w\gbhduRse fb D T C scbgw^wR _Rs waw\v\]wh_o`y fgy`
cdolfy csds^^sup gbh Wh`s_\]bp X^oujbh
Xhfgnzw\se D S C .
fb fpfgy_s wasfis^Rxw\ fw cwdRcglfy \v\sRgwj
dl` fh`zy]q` bvbfgdq_sgbe , c .j . _y ]szsd\j
f_o`b j\b`\f_o`b bvofgdl_s p js^sdo ovsibe ,
_\s _ou\fgy cdolfy fw cwdRcglfy cwd\bd\f_o`ye whfgnzw\se bvpuyfye .
S e i t e 1 9 2iX=d=efZd=Tehfgp_TgT X^oVjbh Xhfgn[X\Te bWpVZfZe 1 9 2
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@w w`wdubcb\y_o`b D T C v\sfis^Rxwgs\ _ou\fgycdofihfy . Z whfgnzw\s gye bvpuyfye ]sgn gy`
wc\gnjh`fy ]s\ fgy` bvpuyfy fw fgdbioe wR`s\
cwd\bd\f_o`y .
bvyuwRgw cdbfw]g\]n .
eg\e csds]ngl was\dwg\]oe cwd\cgqfw\e _cbdwR
`s scbvw\jgwR jdpf\_y y w`wdubcbRyfy gbh
fhfgp_sgbe D T C u\s _\]do jdb`\]o v\nfgy_s :'xbvpuyfy fw ^nfcy j\b`\bp p fw _y ]szsd\j f_o`s j\b`\f_o`s bvbfgdq_sgs .'x>sgn gy` w]]R`yfy sco csjp j\o`\ p _y
sfis^gbfgdl_o`b bvofgdl_s .'xbvpuyfy _w s`g\b^\fzyg\]oe s^hfRvwe .
X`wdubcbRyfy /scw`wdubcbRyfy
vh`s_\]bp w^oujbh o^aye ( D T C )
X`wdubcbRyfy gbh fhfgp_sgbe D T C csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb .
egb gs_c^o gl` bdun`l` w_is`Rxwgs\ y
o`vw\ay T R A C T I O N ]s\ s`ntw\ y w`vw\]g\]p ^hj j`Rs u\s D S C O F F .
Tcw`wdubcbRyfy gbh fhfgp_sgbe
D T C
csgpfgw as`n gb c^p]gdb .Z o`vw\ay T R A C T I O N ]s\ y w`vw\]g\]p
^hj`Rs D S C O F F ftp`bh` .
x D r i v e
fb x D r i v e wR`s\ gb fpfgy_s ]R`yfye gwffndl` gdbjq` ( 4 x 4 ) gbh shgb]\`pgbh fse . ?oul gye
fh`wdusfRse gbh x D r i v e ]s\ gbh vh`s_\]bp w^ouj
jbh whfgnzw\se D S C tw^g\fgbcb\bp`gs\ cwds\j
godl y cdofihfy ]s\ y vh`s_\]p bvpuyfy . fb fpfgy_s 4 x 4 x D r i v e _b\dnxw\ g\e vh`n_w\e ]R`yj
fye s`n^bus _w gy` ]sgnfgsfy bvpuyfye ]s\ gy` ]sgnfgsfy gbh bvbfgdq_sgbe _wgst^ygnfgb` _cdbfg\`o ]s\ fgb` cRfl nab`s .
cdbfsd_bxo_w`b fpfgy_s
s`ndgyfye
Tdjp ^w\gbhduRse
fb fpfgy_s w^sggq`w\ g\e s`wc\zp_ygwe ]\`pfw\e
gbh shgb]\`pgbh fw cwdRcglfy vh`s_\]bp gdoj cbh bvpuyfye p s`q_s^bh bvbfgdq_sgbe .
T`n^bus _w gy` ]sgnfgsfy gbh bvbfgdq_sgbe ]s\ gb` gdocb bvpuyfye shan`b`gs\ ogf\ y vh`sj_\]p gye bvpuyfye ]s\ y n`wfy bvpuyfye .
cdbudn__sgs
fb fpfgy_s cdbfiodw\ v\sibdwg\]n cdbudn_j
_sgs .
fs cdbudn__sgs _cbdbp` `s wc\^wubp` _ofl gbh v\s]ocgy fwgsdRf_sgbe s`ndgyfye .
S P O R T
>s^oe fh`gb`\f_oe gl` s_bdg\fod fgy fcbdgRi
^w\gbhduRs u\s _wus^pgwdy whw^\aRs ]sgn gy`
bvpuyfy .
S P O R T +
>s^oe fh`gb`\f_oe gl` s_bdg\fod fgy fcbdgRi
^w\gbhduRs u\s _wus^pgwdy whw^\aRs ]sgn gy` bvpuyfy , fw cwdRcglfy cwd\bd\f_o`ye whfgnjzw\se gbh shgb]\`pgbh .
C O M F O R T / E C O P R O
=fbddbcy_o`y dpz_\fy gbh shgb]\`pgbh .
@wgst^ygo fcbd fpfgy_s v\wpzh`fye
fb _wgst^ygo fcbd fpfgy_s v\wpzh`fye _wgsj tn^^w\ gy ul`Rs fgdbipe gbh g\_b`\bp s`n^bus
_w gy ul`Rs g\_b`\bp ]s\ gy` gsjpgygs .
Mgf\ shan`wgs\ c .j . ]sgn gy fgnz_whfy p fw fgwj
`oe fgdbioe y ul`Rs fgdbipe gl` _cdbfg\`q`
gdbjq` . Thgo v\wh]b^p`w\ gy` bvpuyfy fg\e
fgdbioe .
S e i t e 1 9 3ehfgp_TgT X^oVjbh Xhfgn[X\Te bWpVZfZeiX=d=efZd=T 1 9 3
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XcRfye csdojwgs\ _wus^pgwdy hcbtbpzyfy v\wpj
zh`fye fg\e js_y^oe gsjpgygwe sco o ,g\ fw hkyj
^ogwdwe gsjpgygwe . Mgf\ v\wh]b^p`wgs\ c .j . y fgnz_whfy w`q ]sgn gy` bvpuyfy fw hky^ogwj
dwe gsjpgygwe y v\wpzh`fy uR`wgs\ c\b n_wfy .
b fh`hcb^bu\f_oe gye ul`Rse fgdbipe g\_b`\bp]s\ gye gsjpgygse wc\gdocw\ _\s fcbd fh_cwd\j
ibdn bvpuyfye cdbfsd_bf_o`y fgy` ]sgnj fgsfy bvpuyfye .
W\s]ocgye fwgsdRf_sgbe s`ndgyfye
Tdjp ^w\gbhduRse @w gb v\s]ocgy fwgsdRf_sgbe s`ndgyfye _cbj
dbp` `s cdbfsd_bfgbp` bd\f_o`we sco g\e \v\oj gygwe gbh shgb]\`pgbh . V\s gb f]bco shgo fse
csdojwgs\ y vh`sgogygs wc\^bupe v\siodl`
cdbuds__ngl` . @ofl gbh c^p]gdbh gbh v\s]oj cgy fwgsdRf_sgbe s`ndgyfye ]s\ _ofl gbh
c^p]gdbh D S C O F F _cbdwR `s w`wdubcb\yzwR ]s\
sco o`s cdouds__s .
Xc\f]ocyfy c^p]gdb fgb shgb]R`ygb
iw\d\f_oe gl` cdbuds__ngl`c^p]gdbcdouds__s D S C O F F
T R A C T I O N S P O R T +
S P O R T
C O M F O R T
E C O P R O
Thgo_sgy s^^sup cdbudn__sgbe
eg\e s]o^bhzwe ]sgsfgnfw\e uR`wgs\ , wn` scs\j gwRgs\ , shgo_sgs s^^sup fgb C O M F O R T :
'xew cwdRcglfy v\s]bcpe ^w\gbhduRse gbh cdbjfsd_bxo_w`bh fhfgp_sgbe s`ndgyfye .'xew cwdRcglfy cgqfye gbh Wh`s_\]bp X^ouj
jbh Xhfgnzw\se ( D S C ) .'xew cwdRcglfy _\se t^ntye w^sfg\]bp .'x>sgn gy` w`wdubcbRyfy gbh jw\db]R`ygbh cwj d\bd\f_bp gsjpgygse , t^ocw fw^Rvs 1 8 6 .'xew cwdRcglfy w`wdubcbRyfye gbh fhfgp_sj
gbe w^oujbh fgszwdpe gsjpgygse bvpuyfye
fgb` gdocb ^w\gbhduRse T R A C T I O N p D S C O F F .
D S C O F F
Pgs` w_is`Rxwgs\ D S C O F F , t^ocw fw^Rvs 1 9 2 ,
y whfgnzw\s gye bvpuyfye wR`s\ cwd\bd\f_o`y ]sgn gy` wc\gnjh`fy ]s\ fw bvpuyfy fw fgdbioe .
T R A C T I O N Pgs` w_is`Rxwgs\ T R A C T I O N hiRfgsgs\ y _ou\j
fgy cdofihfy fw js^sdo ovsibe . b vh`s_\]oe o^wujbe cdofihfye D T C , t^ocw fw^Rvs 1 9 2 , wRj
`s\ w`wdubcb\y_o`be . Z whfgnzw\s gye bvpuyfye ]sgn gy` wc\gnjh`fy ]s\ fgy` bvpuyfy fw fgdbj ioe wR`s\ cwd\bd\f_o`y .
S e i t e 1 9 4iX=d=efZd=Tehfgp_TgT X^oVjbh Xhfgn[X\Te bWpVZfZe 1 9 4
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S P O R T +
Tdjp ^w\gbhduRse ecbdgRi bvpuyfy _w tw^g\fgbcb\y_o`b fpfgy_ss`ndgyfye ]s\ _w cdbfsd_bf_o`y _wgnvbfy
]R`yfye _w cwd\bd\f_o`y whfgnzw\s bvpuyfye .
Vw`\]n b vh`s_\]oe o^wujbe cdofihfye wR`s\ w`wdubj
cb\y_o`be .
b bvyuoe s`s^s_tn`w\ o`s _odbe gye wdusfRse fgszwdbcbRyfye .
X`wdubcbRyfy S P O R T + csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb , ofwe ibdoe jdw\nj
xwgs\ _ojd\ `s w_is`\fgwR fgb gs_c^o
gl` bdun`l` y o`vw\ay S P O R T + ]s\ `s s`nkw\ y
w`vw\]g\]p ^hj`Rs D S C O F F .
Thgo_sgy s^^sup cdbudn__sgbe
@w gy` w`wdubcbRyfy gbh fhfgp_sgbe w^oujbh
fgszwdpe gsjpgygse gb cdouds__s _wgstsR`w\
shgo_sgs fgb` gdocb ^w\gbhduRse S P O R T .
X`vw\]g\]oe ]s\ cdbw\vbcb\yg\]oe
^hj`Rwe
egb gs_c^o gl` bdun`l` w_is`Rxwgs\ S P O R T + .
Z w`vw\]g\]p ^hj`Rs D S C O F F s`ntw\ : bvh`s_\]oe o^wujbe cdofihfye D T C wRj
`s\ w`wdubcb\y_o`be .
S P O R T
Tdjp ^w\gbhduRse T`n^bus _w gb` wabc^\f_o fh`wcpe fcbd dpzj
_\fy gbh fhfgp_sgbe s`ndgyfye , gbh fhfgp_sj gbe v\wpzh`fye ]s\ gye _wgnvbfye ]R`yfye u\s
hky^ogwdy sRfzyfy _\se fcbdgRi bvpuyfye _w
_ou\fgy whfgnzw\s bvpuyfye .
fb cdouds__s _cbdwR `s v\s_bdilzwR wasgb_\j
]wh_o`s . Z v\s_odilfy u\s gb gdojb` jdyf\_bj
cb\bp_w`b cdbiR^ bvyubp scbzy]wpwgs\ .X`wdubcbRyfy S P O R T
csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb gofwe ibdoe , _ojd\`s w_is`\fgwR y o`vw\ay S P O R T fgb
gs_c^o bdun`l` .
W\s_odilfy S P O R T @ofl gbh i D r i v e : 1 . fb ojy_n _bh 2 . dhz_Rfw\e bjp_sgbe 3 .>sgn cwdRcglfy cdouds__s bvpuyfye 4 . W\s_odilfy S P O R T 5 .Xc\^oagw gy` wc\zh_ygp dpz_\fy .
Z dpz_\fy scbzy]wpwgs\ u\s gb gdojb` jdyf\_bj
cb\bp_w`b cdbiR^ bvyubp .
C O M F O R T Tdjp ^w\gbhduRse
V\s \fbddbcy_o`b fh`gb`\f_o fw cwdRcglfy _ou\j fgye whfgnzw\se bvpuyfye .
X`wdubcbRyfy C O M F O R T csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb ofwe ibdoe jdw\nj
xwgs\ , _ojd\ `s w_is`\fgwR y o`vw\ay
C O M F O R T fgb gs_c^o bdun`l` .
ew bd\f_o`we ]sgsfgnfw\e uR`wgs\ shgo_sgs y s^^sup fgb cdouds__s C O M F O R T , Thgo_sgys^^sup cdbudn__sgbe , t^ocw fw^Rvs 1 9 4 .
E C O P R O Tdjp ^w\gbhduRse fb E C O P R O cdbfiodw\ fgszwdo fh`gb`\f_o
js_y^pe ]sgs`n^lfye u\s _ou\fgy shgb`b_Rs
]shfR_bh _w _ou\fgy whfgnzw\s gbh shgb]\`pgbh .
b\ ^w\gbhduRwe n`wfye ]s\ y _b`nvs w^oujbh
]\`ygpds cdbfsd_oxb`gs\ .
fb cdouds__s _cbdwR `s v\s_bdilzwR wasgb_\j
]wh_o`s .
S e i t e 1 9 5ehfgp_TgT X^oVjbh Xhfgn[X\Te bWpVZfZeiX=d=efZd=T 1 9 5
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X`wdubcbRyfy E C O P R Ocsgpfgw gb c^p]gdb ofwe ibdoe jdw\nj
xwgs\ , _ojd\ `s w_is`\fgwR y o`vw\ay
E C O P R O fgb gs_c^o bdun`l` .
W\s_odilfy E C O P R O @ofl gbh i D r i v e : 1 . fb ojy_n _bh 2 . dhz_Rfw\e bjp_sgbe 3 .>sgn cwdRcglfy cdouds__s bvpuyfye 4 . W\s_odilfy E C O P R O 5 .Xc\^oagw gy` wc\zh_ygp dpz_\fy .
Z dpz_\fy scbzy]wpwgs\ u\s gb gdojb` jdyf\_bj
cb\bp_w`b cdbiR^ bvyubp .
W\s_odilfy cdbudn__sgbe
bvpuyfye
egy v\s_odilfy gye ]sgnfgsfye bvpuyfye
_cbdbp` `s cdsu_sgbcb\yzbp` dhz_Rfw\e u\s gs
s]o^bhzs cdbudn__sgs bvpuyfye :
'x S P O R T , t^ocw fw^Rvs 1 9 5 .'x E C O P R O , t^ocw fw^Rvs 2 6 3 .
M`vw\ay
Xc\^bup cdbudn__sgbe >sgn gb cngy_s gbh c^p]gdbhw_is`Rxwgs\ _\s ^Rfgs _w gs cdbj
udn__sgs cbh _cbdbp` `s wc\^wj
ubp` . T`s^oule gbh wabc^\f_bp
w`vojwgs\ `s v\siodw\ y ^Rfgs fgb
gs_c^o gl` bdun`l` sco gy` scw\]o`\fy .
Xc\^wu_o`b cdouds__s egb gs_c^o gl` bdun`l` w_is`Rjxwgs\ gb wc\^wu_o`b cdouds__s .
Ubyzoe w]]R`yfye
Tdjp ^w\gbhduRse
fb fpfgy_s fse hcbfgydRxw\ ]sgn gy` w]]R`yfy
fw s`pibdbhe . @w gb fpfgy_s shgo , vw jdw\nxwj
gs\ `s jdyf\_bcb\pfwgw ]szo^bh gb ido`b csdj
]sdRf_sgbe .
X]]R`yfy _w hcbtbpzyfy
w]]R`yfye
1 .>dsgpfgw gb shgb]R`ygb _w gb cbvoidw`b . 2 .?pfgw gb cbvoidw`b ]s\ aw]\`pfgw udpubds .
@wgn gb ^pf\_b gbh cbvoidw`bh fhu]dsgwRgs\ gb
shgb]R`ygb u\s cwdRcbh 2 vwhgwdo^wcgs .
T`n^bus _w gb ibdgRb p ]sgn gy dh_bp^]yfy
gdo\^wd _cbdwR gb shgb]R`ygb wcRfye `s ]h^Rfw\
^Rub cdbe gs cRfl .
S e r v o t r o n i c
Tdjp ^w\gbhduRse
fb fpfgy_s S e r v o t r o n i c wR`s\ o`s wasdgq_w`b
sco gy` gsjpgygs fpfgy_s hcbtbpzyfye v\wpj
zh`fye .
eg\e js_y^oe gsjpgygwe csdojwgs\ _wus^pgwdy
hcbtbpzyfy v\wpzh`fye sco o ,g\ fw hky^ogwdwe
gsjpgygwe . Mgf\ v\wh]b^p`wgs\ c .j . y fgnz_whfy w`q ]sgn gy` bvpuyfy fw hky^ogwdwe gsjpgygwe
y v\wpzh`fy uR`wgs\ c\b n_wfy .
Xc\c^ob` cdbfsd_oxwgs\ y vp`s_y hcbtbpzyj
fye gbh g\_b`\bp s`s^oule gbh cdbudn__sgbe bvpuyfye , qfgw `s _wgsvRvwgs\ _Rs fcbd -n_wfyp n`wgy fh_cwd\ibdn gbh g\_b`\bp .
S e i t e 1 9 6iX=d=efZd=Tehfgp_TgT X^oVjbh Xhfgn[X\Te bWpVZfZe 1 9 6
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K`wfy bvpuyfyeXabc^\f_oe shgb]\`pgbh
egb csdo` ]win^s\b cwd\udnib`gs\ o^b\ b\ tsf\j
]bR wabc^\f_bR , b\ wabc^\f_bR v\sibdwg\]q` jldq` ]szqe ]s\ b\ w\v\]bR wabc^\f_bR , b\ bcbRb\ cdbfiojdb`gs\ fgy fw\dn _b`go^l` . Xcb_o`le , cwd\udnj
ib`gs\ wcRfye wabc^\f_bR b\ bcbRb\ vw` wR`s\ v\sj
zof\_b\ fw o`s shgb]R`ygb c .j . ^oul gbh
wc\^wu_o`bh w\v\]bp wabc^\f_bp p gye o]vbfye u\s gy` w]nfgbgw jqds . Thgo \fjpw\ wcRfye u\s
^w\gbhduRwe ]s\ fhfgp_sgs cbh fjwgRxb`gs\ _w
gy` sfin^w\s . >sgn gy jdpfy gl` s`gRfgb\jl` ^w\gbhdu\q` ]s\ fhfgy_ngl` cdocw\ `s gydbp`gs\
b\ w]nfgbgw \fjpb`gwe `o_b\ ]s\ ]s`b`\f_bR .
X`wduo fpfgy_s w^oujbhfgszwdpe gsjpgygse _w^w\gbhduRs S t o p a n d G o ,fpfgy_s A C C
Tdjp ^w\gbhduRse @w shgo gb fpfgy_s _cbdwR _ofl gl` c^p]gdl`
fgb g\_o`\ `s dhz_\fgwR _\s wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs ]s\ scofgsfy sco o`s cdbcbdwho_w`b shgb]Rj
`ygb .
>sgn gy` w^wpzwdy bvpuyfy gb fpfgy_s v\sgyj dwR gy` wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs , u\s gb` f]bco shgo
gb shgb]R`ygb wc\gsjp`w\ p idw`ndw\ shgo_sgs .
Pgs` hcndjw\ o`s cdbcbdwho_w`b shgb]R`ygb gb fpfgy_s cdbfsd_oxw\ gy` gsjpgygs , qfgw `sv\sgydwRgs\ y dhz_\f_o`y scofgsfy sco gb cdbjcbdwho_w`b shgb]R`ygb . Z gsjpgygs cdbfsd_ojxwgs\ fg\e hcndjbhfwe vh`sgogygwe .
Z scofgsfy _cbdwR `s dhz_\fgwR fw cwd\ffogwds
wcRcwvs ]s\ wasdgngs\ u\s ^oubhe sfis^wRse
sco gy` w]nfgbgw gsjpgygs .
ew cwdRcglfy cbh gb cdbcbdwho_w`b shgb]R`ygb
idw`ndw\ _ojd\ gy` s]\`ygbcbRyfy ]s\ _wgn sco
^Rub aw]\`n as`n `s ]\`wRgs\ , gb fpfgy_s _cbdwR
`s s]\`ygbcb\pfw\ wcRfye gb shgb]R`ygb _ofs fw vwvb_o`s c^sRf\s .
Vw`\]n T`n^bus _w gy dpz_\fy gbh shgb]\`pgbh gs jsj
ds]gyd\fg\]n gbh fhfgp_sgbe w^oujbh fgszwdpe gsjpgygse _cbdwR `s s^^nabh` fw bd\f_o`we cwjd\bjoe .
gcbvwRaw\e sfis^wRse
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
fb fpfgy_s vw` scs^^nffw\ gb` bvyuo sco gy`
sgb_\]p gbh whzp`y `s w]g\_pfw\ flfgn gy` ]hj
]^bibd\s]p ]sgnfgsfy . ?oul cwd\bd\f_q` gbh
fhfgp_sgbe , gb fpfgy_s vw` _cbdwR `s s`g\j
vdn shgo`b_s ]s\ flfgn fw o^we g\e ]sgsfgnj
fw\e gye ]h]^bibdRse . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be sghj
jp_sgbe . cdbfsd_ofgw gb` gdocb bvpuyfye
fg\e ]h]^bibd\s]oe fh`zp]we . csdsgydpfgw
g\e ]h]^bibd\s]oe fh`zp]we ]s\ wco_twgw
w`wdun ogs` shgo scs\gwRgs\ .
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
M`s _y sfis^\f_o`b shgb]R`ygb _cbdwR `s gwj
zwR sco _o`b gbh fw ]R`yfy ]s\ `s ]h^pfw\ .
gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be sghjp_sgbe . cd\` gy` oabvb
sco gb shgb]R`ygb sfis^Rfgw gb u\s `s _y` ]hj
^pfw\ .
V\s `s twts\lzwRgw og\ gb shgb]R`ygb ojw\
sfis^\fgwR o`s`g\ ]p^\fye , cdbfoagw gs wape :
'xWofgw gb ido`b csd]sdRf_sgbe .'xew s`yiodwe p ]sgyiodwe fgdRkgw gbhe
_cdbfg\`bpe gdbjbpe cdbe gb ]dnfcwvb .'xew s`yiodwe p ]sgyiodwe sfis^Rfgw gb shgb]R`ygb cdofzwgs c .j . _w fip`s . S e i t e 1 9 7,`XfZ bWpVZfZeiX=d=efZd=T 1 9 7
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cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
>sgn ^nzbe _cbdwR `s dhz_\fgwR p `s wc\^wuwR
^nzbe wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be
sghjp_sgbe . cdbfsd_ofgw gy` wc\zh_ygp gsj
jpgygs fg\e ]h]^bibd\s]oe fh`zp]we . csdsgyj
dpfgw g\e ]h]^bibd\s]oe fh`zp]we ]s\ wco_j
twgw w`wdun ogs` shgo scs\gwRgs\ .
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
>R`vh`be sghjp_sgbe ^oul _wun^l` v\sibdq` gsjpgygse ]R`yfye fw fjofy _w n^^s shgb]Rj
`ygs , c .j . fg\e s]o^bhzwe cwd\cgqfw\e :
'xfsjwRs cdbfouu\fy sdun ]\`bp_w`l` shj gb]\`pgl` .'xTcogb_y s^^sup ]sgwpzh`fye w`oe shgbj
]\`pgbh fgy v\]p fse ^ldRvs ]h]^bibj
dRse .'xVdpubdy cdbfouu\fy s]R`ygl` shgb]\`pj
gl` .
gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be gdsh_sg\f_bp p zs`ngbh .
csdsgydpfgw g\e ]h]^bibd\s]oe fh`zp]we ]s\
wco_twgw w`wdun ogs` shgo scs\gwRgs\ .
Xc\f]ocyfy
c^p]gds fgb g\_o`\
c^p]gdb?w\gbhduRsepfgy_s w^oujbh fgszwdpe gsjpj
gygse bvpuyfye O n / O f f , v\s]bcp ,
t^ocw fw^Rvs 1 9 9Xc\^bup gsjpgygse , fh`oj\fy w^ouj
jbh fgszwdpe gsjpgygse , t^ocw
fw^Rvs 2 0 0@wRlfy gye scofgsfye , t^ocw fwj
^Rvs 2 0 0c^p]gdb?w\gbhduRsTpayfy gye scofgsfye , t^ocw fwj
^Rvs 2 0 0cs^\`vdb_\]o c^p]gdb :
dpz_\fy gsjpgygse , t^ocw fwj
^Rvs 1 9 9
T\fzygpdse ds`gnd
V\s gy` s`su`qd\fy cdbcbdwho_w`l` shgb]\`pj gl` jdyf\_bcb\wRgs\ o`se s\fzygpdse ds`gndfgb` cdbih^s]gpds .
W\sgydwRgw gb` s\fzygpds ds`gnd ]szsdo ]s\
jldRe w_cov\s .
cdbncbzofw\e ^w\gbhduRse cwd\bjp gsjpgygse
Z to^g\fgy cwd\bjp jdpfye tdRf]wgs\ fw ]s^pe
]sgsf]whpe vdo_bhe .
Z w^nj\fgs dhz_Rf\_y gsjpgygs wR`s\ 3 0 k m / h . Z
_ou\fgy dhz_Rf\_y gsjpgygs wasdgngs\ sco gb
shgb]R`ygb .
fb fpfgy_s _cbdwR `s w`wdubcb\yzwR wcRfye ]s\
_w s]\`ygbcb\y_o`b gb shgb]R`ygb .
@w scw`wdubcb\y_o`y dpz_\fy scofgsfye ,
t^ocw fw^Rvs 2 0 1 , _cbdbp` `s wc\^wubp` ]s\
hky^ogwdwe wc\zh_ygoe gsjpgygwe .
S e i t e 1 9 8iX=d=efZd=T,`XfZ bWpVZfZe 1 9 8
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X`wdubcbRyfy /scw`wdubcbRyfy
]s\ v\s]bcp gbh fhfgp_sgbe
w^oujbh fgszwdpe gsjpgygse
X`wdubcbRyfy csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb fgb g\_o`\ .
b\ w`vw\]g\]oe ^hj`Rwe fgb gs_c^o gl` bdun`l` s`ntbh` ]s\ y fp_s`fy fgb gsjp_wgdb gRzwgs\fgy` gdojbhfs gsjpgygs .
fb fpfgy_s w^oujbh fgszwdpe gsjpgygse _cbj dwR `s jdyf\_bcb\yzwR .
b Wh`s_\]oe M^wujbe Xhfgnzw\se D S C w`vwj . w`wdubcb\wRgs\ .
Tcw`wdubcbRyfy
ew cwdRcglfy scw`wdubcbRyfye _w s]\`ygbcb\yj _o`b gb shgb]R`ygb , csgpfgw gshgojdb`s gbido`b .
csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb fgb g\_o`\ .'xegy` w`wdubcb\y_o`y ]sgnfgsfy : csgpfgw
vpb ibdoe .'xegy ]sgnfgsfy v\s]bcpe : csgpfgw _\s ibdn .
b\ w`vwRaw\e ftp`bh` . Z scbzy]wh_o`y wc\zhj
_ygp gsjpgygs v\sudniwgs\ .
iw\db]R`ygy v\s]bcp csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb fgb g\_o`\ .
ew cwdRcglfy v\s]bcpe _w s]\`ygbcb\y_o`b gb
shgb]R`ygb , csgpfgw gshgojdb`s gb ido`b .
Thgo_sgy v\s]bcp
fb fpfgy_s v\s]ocgw\ shgo_sgs fg\e s]o^bhzwe ]sgsfgnfw\e :
'xPgs` idw`ndw\ b bvyuoe .'xPgs` b wc\^buose iwpuw\ sco gy zofy D .'xPgs` b Wh`s_\]oe M^wujbe cdofihfye D T C
w`wdubcb\yzwR p b Wh`s_\]oe M^wujbe
Xhfgnzw\se D S C scw`wdubcb\yzwR .'xPgs` b Wh`s_\]oe M^wujbe Xhfgnzw\se D S C cdsu_sgbcb\wR dpz_\fy .'xPgs` w`wdubcb\yzwR gb S P O R T + _w gb v\s]ojcgy fwgsdR_sgbe s`ndgyfye .'xPgs` _w s]\`ygbcb\y_o`b gb shgb]R`ygbs`b\jgwR y xq`y sfis^wRse ]s\ y codgs gbh
bvyubp .'xPgs` gb fpfgy_s vw` ojw\ s`su`ldRfw\ wcR
_s]do` s`g\]wR_w`s , c .j . fw vdo_bhe _w _w\lj _o`y ]h]^bibdRs jldRe v\sudn__\fy fgb
c^n\ .'xPgs` csdw_cbvRxwgs\ y cwd\bjp s`su`qd\fye gbh ds`gnd , c .j . ^oul dpcs`fye p \fjhdpe
tdbjpe .'x@wgn sco s]\`yfRs cwd . 3 vwhgwdb^ocgl` , ogs` gb shgb]R`ygb ojw\ s]\`ygbcb\yzwR scogb fpfgy_s .
dpz_\fy gsjpgygse
W\sgpdyfy gye gsjpgygse ,
scbzp]whfy
c\ofgw gb cs^\`vdb_\]o c^p]gdb _Rs ibdn cdbe
gs wcn`l p ]ngl fw ]sgnfgsfy v\s]bcpe .
ew cwdRcglfy w`wdubcb\y_o`bh fhfgp_sgbe v\sj
gydwRgs\ y gdojbhfs gsjpgygs ]s\ scbzy]wpwgs\
le wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs .
Z scbzy]wh_o`y gsjpgygs w_is`Rxwgs\ fgb gsj
jp_wgdb ]s\ u\s ^Rub fgb gs_c^o bdun`l` , t^ocw
fw^Rvs 2 0 1 .
b Wh`s_\]oe M^wujbe Xhfgnzw\se D S C w`vwj . w`wdubcb\wRgs\ .
S e i t e 1 9 9,`XfZ bWpVZfZeiX=d=efZd=T 1 9 9
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T^^sup gsjpgygse
csgpfgw gb cs^\`vdb_\]o c^p]gdb cdbe gswcn`l p cdbe gs ]ngl ofwe ibdoe jdw\nxwgs\ ,_ojd\ `s bd\fgwR y wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs ]R`yfye .
egy` w`wdubcb\y_o`y ]sgnfgsfy scbzy]wpwgs\ y w_is`\xo_w`y gsjpgygs ]s\ wc\ghujn`wgs\ fw
s`b\jgo vdo_b .
'x>nzw w^sido cngy_s gbh cs^\`vdb_\]bp
c^p]gdbh _ojd\ gb fy_wRb s`gRfgsfye shan`w\ p _w\q`w\ gy` wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs ]sgn
cwdRcbh 1 k m / h .'x>nzw cngy_s gbh cs^\`vdb_\]bp c^p]gdbh
cods sco gb fy_wRb s`gRfgsfye s^^nxw\ gy`
wc\zh_ygp gsjpgygs fgy` wco_w`y vw]nvs gye o`vw\aye k m / h fgb gsjp_wgdb .
>dsgpfgw gb cs^\`vdb_\]o c^p]gdb fw _\s zofy ,u\s `s wcs`s^ntwgw gy` w`oduw\s .
dpz_\fy scofgsfye
gcovw\ay sfis^wRse
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
fb fpfgy_s vw` scs^^nffw\ gb` bvyuo sco gy`
sgb_\]p gbh whzp`y . ?oul gl` cwd\bd\f_q` gbh fhfgp_sgbe gb idw`nd\f_s _cbdwR `s wR`s\ ]sj
zhfgwdy_o`b . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be sghjp_sgbe p
]R`vh`be h^\]q` xy_\q` . csdsgydwRgw fh`wjqe
g\e ]h]^bibd\s]oe fh`zp]we . cdbfsd_ofgw gy` scofgsfy fg\e ]h]^bibd\s]oe ]s\ ]s\d\]oe
fh`zp]we ]s\ gydwRgw gy` cdbt^wco_w`y scoj
fgsfy sfis^wRse w`vwj . idw`ndb`gse .
@wRlfy gye scofgsfye
csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb gofwe ibdoe , _ojd\
`s dhz_\fgwR y wc\zh_ygp scofgsfy .
Z wc\^wu_o`y scofgsfy , t^ocw fw^Rvs 2 0 1 , w_j
is`Rxwgs\ fgb gs_c^o gl` bdun`l` .
Tpayfy gye scofgsfye csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb gofwe ibdoe , _ojd\`s dhz_\fgwR y wc\zh_ygp scofgsfy .
Z wc\^wu_o`y scofgsfy , t^ocw fw^Rvs 2 0 1 , w_j
is`Rxwgs\ fgb gs_c^o gl` bdun`l` .
eh`oj\fy w^oujbh fgszwdpegsjpgygse
Vw`\]n @\s dpz_\fy gsjpgygse cbh ojw\ v\s]bcwR _cbdwR
`s fh`wj\fgwR _ofl wc\^bupe gye scbzy]wh_o`ye
gsjpgygse .
cd\` sco gy` wc\^bup gye scbzy]wh_o`ye gsjpj
gygse twts\lzwRgw og\ y v\sibdn s`n_wfs fgy`
gdojbhfs gsjpgygs ]s\ fgy` scbzy]wh_o`y gsj
jpgygs vw` wR`s\ cb^p _wun^y . W\sibdwg\]n _cbj
dwR `s cdb]pkw\ s]bpf\b idw`nd\f_s p s]bpf\s
wc\gnjh`fy .
eg\e s]o^bhzwe cwd\cgqfw\e v\sudniwgs\ y scbj
zy]wh_o`y g\_p gye gsjpgygse ]s\ vw` _cbdwR
c^ob` `s s`s]^yzwR :'xew cwdRcglfy scw`wdubcbRyfye gbh fhfgpj
_sgbe .'xew cwdRcglfy scw`wdubcbRyfye gye s`ni^wj aye .
Xc\^bup scbzy]wh_o`ye gsjpgygse
]s\ scofgsfye
ew cwdRcglfy w`wdubcb\y_o`bh fhfgpj
_sgbe , csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb .
S e i t e 2 0 0iX=d=efZd=T,`XfZ bWpVZfZe 2 0 0
O n l i n e E d i t i o n f o r P a r t n o . 0 1 4 0 2 7 2 3 1 6 2 - V I / 1 8