BMW 7 SERIES LONG 2005 E66 MOST Bus Diagnosis User Guide

11
MOST Bus Diagnosis
Communication Direction in MOST structure
Important!!! The component sequence of the MOST controllers in the ETM is incor-
rect when it comes to signal transmission direction. The correct sequence is indi-
cated above!
The signal transmission direction of the MOST in a vehicle
with full equipment takes place starting at the Control
Display and travels serially towards the CD changer,
Antenna tuner, Hi-fi amplifier, Speech Processing Module,
Navigation, Multi-media Changer, telephone, Audio
System Controller, Instrument Cluster and again back to
the Control Display.
Counts as 2Counts as 2

12
MOST Bus Diagnosis
Diagnosis
It is important to remember that on the MOST network, messages can only be transmitted
provided the bus ring is complete and fully functional. If there is a ring fault in the MOST
network, the diagnostic system only communicates with the instrument cluster and the
Control Display because both of these modules are directly connected to the K-CAN
System Bus.
The fiber optic signals on the MOST network always travel in one direction and only in one
direction. Signals always originate at the Control Display and travel to the CD changer, AVT,
Logic 7 (if equipped), SVS, NAV, MultiMediaChanger (if equipped), Telephone, ASK, Kombi
and back to the Control Display.
The MOST bus allows intersystem fault memory entries in the individual control modules.
A feature of the system faults is that faults may be entered in a control module although the
control module is OK. Conclusions may be drawn about the cause of the fault, using the
fault information stored in all the control modules.
The possible system faults are:
 Optical wave guide communication fault (All MOST Control Module) FC 111
 A Control Module does not switch a light off (All MOST Control Modules)
 Network wake-up unsuccessful (Control Display (Gateway), ASK, Telephone Only)
FC E18D
 Ring fault diagnosis run (Control Display (Gateway) and Kombi Only) FC E190
The Control Display functions are split between acting as a Gateway and Displaying infor-
mation. The Gateway function serves as the interface between the MOST and the K-CAN
System buses. Although the Control Display is one control module, two control module
names are displayed in the DIS Plus:
 CD Control Display (Gateway)
 CD Control Display
The faults stored in the Control Display are distributed between the Control Display
Gateway and Control Display according to the function of the fault.

13
MOST Bus Diagnosis
Optical Wave Guide Communication Fault
This fault (FC 111) indicates a problem with optical transmission. Insufficient light is being
received by one of the modules in the ring. The loss of light may be caused by:
 Defective optical wave guide, Harness twisted too tightly (Min. bend radius 50mm.)
 Light output or reception sensitivity of a diode is too low
 Connector not installed correctly
 Voltage fluctuation while powering up a control module
If the fault is stored, the system triggers a reset and starts up again. The music is switched
off briefly and the display screen of the Control Display continues to operate.
To find the module responsible for the fault, the fault memory of the modules must be read
in MOST ring order.
Fault lies between the module with the fault code (B) and the preceding module (A).
If the voltage has dipped below 9v, the fault may be incorrectly stored. If the voltage is low
perform the following test after connecting a battery charger.
1.Clear the fault memory in control module B.
2.Lower the light output in control module A.
3.Read out the fault memory in the MOST ring in order.
4.If control module B is again the first to store the fault, it can be assumed the fault lies
between control modules A and B.
Then, check control modules A and B for loose connections and check the optical wave
guide for kinks. If the visual inspection is OK, the fault can be located using the OPPS tester
or optionally performing the following tests.
 Remove the input optical wave guide from control module B and confirm the presence
of light.
If light is present, install by-pass optical wave guide in place of control module A, clear
fault codes in module B and perform ring break test. If MOST network operates prop-
erly, then control module A is at fault and must be replaced.
If MOST network still has a fault, put module A back in the network and by-pass mod-
ule B. Clear faults and again perform ring break test. If MOST network operates now
problem is with control module B and it must be replaced.
 If light is not present at input of module B, perform by-pass of module A as above.
Note: AMP Butt connector # 1355734-1

14
MOST Bus Diagnosis
The possible fault scenarios are:
 Transmit diode in module A bad
 Receive diode in module B bad
 Optical wave guide fault between modules A and B
 Software error or fault in module A or B
Control Module Does Not Switch Off Light
When the MOST network is requested to sleep, the Control Display switches off the light in
the MOST ring. The lack of light input is a signal to the individual control modules to switch
off their light output and enter sleep mode.
If a control module does not switch off its light, all down stream control modules register
the fault “A Control Module is not switching light off.”
Important:
Failure of a control module to turn its light off, will cause the MOST network NOTto enter
sleep mode. If the MOST network fails to sleep, the rest of the car will not be able to enter
sleep mode. This will lead to battery discharge.
To diagnose:
 Read out fault memory in MOST ring order
The fault lies in the control module that precedes the module where the fault is
first stored.
Always confirm the problem by first clearing the fault and performing the diagnosis a sec-
ond time. If the same results occur, replace the defective control module.
Network Wakeup Unsuccessful
This fault indicates a problem with the optical transmission. An insufficient volume of light is
coming through one position of the ring and may be caused by:
 Control Module is receiving no voltage
 Optical Wave Guide harness defective
 Optical Element in a control module defective (transmit or receive)
 Connector not installed correctly
A distinction must be made as to whether the fault is currently present or sporadic.
For faults currently present, run the Ring Break DiagnosisTest Plan.
For sporadic faults perform the Luminous Power ReductionTest Plan.

15
MOST Bus Diagnosis
Ring Break Diagnosis Carried Out (FC E190)
Reading out the fault memory of the Control Display (Gateway) after performing the Ring
Fault Diagnostic, results in a fault of Ring Fault Diagnosis Carried Out being stored.
This fault memory is not a true fault memory entry, but only an output of additional infor-
mation for relative node position.
Testing
Light Output Reduction
Reducing the light output of individual control modules is a convenient method of deter-
mining the area of a defect.
Switch on the radio.
In Control Module functions, begin to activate luminous power reduction in the individ-
ual control module. (In this test the light output of the selected control module is
reduced for 5 seconds and then automatically reset to normal output)
If the optical transmission for control module Ato the next control module in the ring
(control module B) is OK, a slight noise may occur when the light output is reduced
however the radio will continue to play.
If the radio goes off and comes back on again(radio volume may be reduced) in 5 to 10
seconds, the optical transmission between control modules Aand Bis defective.
If the visual inspection is OK, the fault can be located using the OPPS tester or optionally
performing the following tests.
 Remove the input optical wave guide from control module Band confirm the presence
of light.
If light is present, install by-pass optical wave guide in place of control module A, clear
fault codes in module B. If MOST network operates properly, then control module A
is at fault and must be replaced.
If MOST network still has a fault, put module Aback in the network and by-pass
module B. Clear faults.
If MOST network operates now problem is with
control module Band it must be replaced.
 If light is not present at input of module B,
perform ring break diagnostics.
12

16
MOST Bus Diagnosis
Ring Break Test
If there is a break in the ring (a defect between two control modules) the following fault pat-
terns may occur:
 Transmit diode of the transmitting control module defective
 Power supply of the transmitting control module defective
 Internal control module fault of the transmitting control module
 Receiver diode of the receiving control module defective
 Power supply of the receiving control module defective
 Internal control module fault of the receiving control module
 Optical wave guide between transmitting and receiving control module defective
These faults may occur alone or in combination. To diagnose a ring break, the first step is
to locate the two control modules between which the transmission failure has occurred.
This is accomplished with the ring break diagnostic function. Once the two control modules
have been identified and the diagnostics have been performed, remember to check the
power supply and ground circuit of both modules before condemning a module.
Testing of the transmit/receive diodes will be possible using the OPPS tester.
Perform Ring Break Test
The ring break test mode is entered automatically when the power to all the modules in the
MOST network is switched off and then switched back on. The most effective method of
switching the power off and on is to disconnect the battery negative terminal for 45 sec-
onds. This time will allow the capacitors of all the control modules to dissipate.
When the battery is reconnected the control modules wake up and in MOST network order
transmit a light signal to the next module. Each module checks to see if it has received a
light signal from the previous module. If the control module does NOT receive a light input
signal it still transmits a signal to the next module. A relative node number of 0 is stored in
the control module that did not receive a signal but that transmitted one.
The Control Display receives the light signal back and identifies which modules responded.
Go to “Control Unit Functions” Control Display Gateway and read fault memory.

17
MOST Bus Diagnosis
The Control Display will display a relative node number. This number will indicate how many
modules communicated after the module which set the relative node number of 0.
To find the control module with the relative node number of 0, count from the input side of
the Control Display (counting the Control Display as 0) towards the control modules. When
arriving at the control module with the number as displayed as the relative node number in
the DISplus, the last known communicating module has been found.
Example:
While performing the ring break diagnostics the Control Display has set a relative node
number of 2. Count the Control Display a 0, the Kombi will be 1 and the ASK will be 2.
The ring break occurs between the ASK and the module which precedes it, the telephone
module.
Important
When counting control modules, the multimedia changer (if equipped) and the Nav system
must be counted as two control modules.
In order to perform the count correctly the equipment on the vehicle must first be identified.
When using the MOST network diagram in the DISplus, connector number 1 of the optical
waves are inputs and connector number 2 are outputs.
Module input
Terminal 1
Module output
Terminal 2
Module input
Terminal 1
Module output
Terminal 2
12
Workshop Hint
When preparing to initiate a Ring Break Test it is very important that
the removal and reinstallation of the battery cable be quick and with-
out hesitation.
Hesitation removing or replacing the battery cable may cause volt-
age spikes that will render the Ring Break Test void.
Workshop Hint
For repair of MOST optical wave guide use special tools:
61-4-320 Crimping Tool Kit
Refer to
EPC 61_1578 for specific optical wave guide repair parts.

18
MOST Bus Diagnosis
Status Wakeup
MOST control modules require high current during standby operation and must be discon-
nected or put in sleep mode to prevent the vehicle battery from being discharged. In case
of a fault on the the MOST network that continuously wakes up, the entire MOST bus will
be woken up. The Control Display will wake up the CAN Bus and all the vehicle busses will
be woken up. This will lead to battery discharge.
It is of great benefit to know which module initiated the wake up call. In order to find out
which MOST node woke up the MOST bus, the following procedure is performed:
In Control Unit Functions, press “STATUS WAKEUP”
Three different response are possible:
 Control Module woke up
 Control Module woken up
 Control Module not initialized
The Control Module with the status “Control Module woke up” is the module that woke up
the rest of the MOST bus.
This diagnosis only informs which control module woke, not the reason for the wake up,
diagnostic testing should be performed on the control module and related equipment.
Hints for Vehicle Equipment Identification
 
CDC - Look on passenger side of dashboard above glovebox.
 Logic 7 - Look for speaker grills on rear doors
Look on left side of trunk for
large amp.
 MMC - Look on left side of trunk.
Workshop Hint
Telephone modules may be swapped from vehicle to vehicle
for testing purposes, however if the original telephone mod-
ule is not returned to the original vehicle the Emergency func-
tions will not operated properly.
In case of an accident, information regarding location and
VIN will not be correct therfore help will not be dispatched.

19
MOST Bus Diagnosis
OPPS Diagnostics
Customer Complaint:Navigation and Radio not functioning, CD appears to be locked
up.
Diagnosis:Perform Short Test Using Standard Diagnostic Head
Which MOST bus components are found?
How are these components found by the DisPlus?
What procedure will be used to diagnose the MOST Bus?
What happens when this diagnostic procedure is used?
If a Ring Break Test is performed, what node number is given?
At this point what diagnostic path would be followed?
Diagnosis with OPPS
Connect the OPPS to the vehicle using the proper Diagnostic cable
PN . (Don’t forget, some diagnostic operations will occur in the
luggage compartment)
Attach the OPPS to the OPPS connector in the vehicle using fiber optic
cable PN .
Perform Short Test
Which MOST Bus components are found?
Is this different than in the previous test? Why?
Follow the DisPlus Test Plan Procedures for testing the light output of
suspect components.
What diagnostic path is followed now? Why?

20
MOST Bus Diagnosis
Review Questions
1. The MOST messages are divided into three parts. Name the three parts.
2. What component in a control unit converts the electrical signals into optical signals?
3. Name the functions of the Network Master of the MOST network.
4. What is the maximum number of sounds that may be produced simultaneously?
5. Name the control units of a typical MOST bus in the direction of flow of the optical
signal.
6. When performing a Luminous Power Reduction, the radio goes off and comes back
on at a lower volume, what could be the problem?
7. Using the schematic on page 11(a fully optioned vehicle), the Control Display shows
a relative node number of 8. Which control module is identified as the last known
communicating module?