BMW 8 SERIES COUPE 2019 ΟΔΗΓΌΣ ΧΡΉΣΗΣ (in Greek)
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cdbf]ois^s w_cdoe
Vw`\]nZ gdojbhfs zofy gbh cdbf]ois^bh _cbdwR `s
scbzy]whgwR _w gy ^w\gbhduRs _`p_ye , t^ocw fwj ^Rvs 1 2 4 .
gcbvwRaw\e sfis^wRse
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
Pgs` scbhf\nxw\ y cdbfgsgwhg\]p wcw`oduw\s wcw\vp ojbh` sis\dwzwR p vw` ojbh` dhz_\fgwRflfgn gs cdbf]ois^s , _cbdwR `s cdb]^yzbp`
gdsh_sg\f_bR fgy` cwd\bjp gbh ]wis^\bp ]s\ gbh shjo`s . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be gdsh_sg\f_bp .
'xcd\` sco gy` cbdwRs gbcbzwgpfgw gs cdbjf]ois^s cbh sis\dofsgw fgs ]sgw\^y_j_o`s ]szRf_sgs .'xdhz_Rfgw gb cdbf]ois^b ]sgn gb vh`sgo`
ogf\ , qfgw gb ]o`gdb gbh cdbf]ois^bh `s
fgydRxw\ gb cRfl _odbe gye ]wis^pe fgb
pkbe gl` _sg\q` .'xdhz_Rxwgw gy` scofgsfy ogf\ , qfgw gb
cdbf]ois^b `s s]bh_cn ofb gb vh`sgo`
c\b ]b`gn fgb cRfl _odbe gye ]wis^pe .
X`vwj . dhz_Rfgw gy` scofgsfy _ofl gye ]^Rfye c^ngye ]szRf_sgbe .
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
>sgn gy` ]R`yfy gbh cdbf]ois^bh _cbdwR `s fiy`lzbp` _ody gbh fq_sgbe . gcndjw\ ]R`vhj
`be gdsh_sg\f_bp . >sgn gy` ]R`yfy gbh cdbj f]ois^bh cdbfoagw y cwd\bjp ]R`yfye `s wR`s\
w^wpzwdy .
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
fs s`g\]wR_w`s cn`l fgb cdbf]ois^b _w\qj
`bh` gy` cdbfgsgwhg\]p wcw`oduw\s fgy` cwj
d\bjp gbh ]wis^\bp ]s\ gbh shjo`s . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be gdsh_sg\f_bp .
'x@y jdyf\_bcb\wRgw gscwgfsdRwe ]szRf_sj
gbe p cdbf]ois^bh .'x@y` ]dw_ngw s`g\]wR_w`s , c .j . ]dw_nj
fgdwe , scwhzwRse fgb cdbf]ois^b .'xidyf\_bcb\wRgw _o`b sawfbhnd , gs bcbRs
ojbh` jsds]gyd\fgwR le sfis^p u\s gy
fgwdolfy fgb cdbf]ois^b .'x>sgn gy` bvpuyfy _y` jdyf\_bcb\wRgw
sawfbhnd , c .j . _sa\^nd\s .
dpz_\fy pkbhe
c\ofgw gb` v\s]ocgy cdbe gs wcn`l p ]ngl .
V\s gy` scbihup fpu]dbhfye gbh cdbf]ois^bh_w gy` wco`vhfy bdbipe , gb cdbf]ois^b vw`_cbdwR `s dhz_\fgwR fgb pkbe fw fhu]w]d\_o`we
zofw\e ]szRf_sgbe . V\s gy dpz_\fy gbh cdbf]oj
is^bh _wgs]\`pfgw gb ]nz\f_s fw _\s js_y^p zofy .
dpz_\fy scofgsfye
'xcdbe gs cRfl : csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb ]s\ fcdqagw gb cdbf]ois^b cdbfgsfRse cdbe gs
cRfl . S e i t e 1 2 1>T[Rf_TgT , ]T[doigZe ]T\ g\_o`\iX=d=efZd=T 1 2 1
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'xcdbe gs _cdbfgn : fdstpagw gb cdbf]ois^b
cdbe gs _cdbfgn .
@wgn gy dpz_\fy gye scofgsfye _wgs]\`pfgw gb
cdbf]ois^b w^sidqe cdbe gs _cdbfgn p cRfl , qfgw `s sfis^Rfw\ flfgn gb cdbf]ois^b .
TisRdwfy
fs cdbf]ois^s vw` _cbdbp` `s sis\dwzbp` .
Xalgwd\]bR ]szdoigwe
Vw`\]n
Z dpz_\fy ]szdoigy u\s gb gdojb` jdyf\_bj cb\bp_w`b cdbiR^ bvyubp , t^ocw fw^Rvs 1 0 5 ,
scbzy]wpwgs\ . Pgs` wc\^ouwgs\ o`s cdbiR^ bvyj ubp , y scbzy]wh_o`y zofy w_is`Rxwgs\ shgoj _sgs .
Z gdojbhfs zofy gbh walgwd\]bp ]szdoigy _cbdwR `s scbzy]whgwR _w gy ^w\gbhduRs _`p_ye ,
t^ocw fw^Rvs 1 2 4 .
gcovw\ay sfis^wRse
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
fs ]sgbcgd\xo_w`s s`g\]wR_w`s tdRf]b`gs\ c\b
]b`gn sco ofb isR`b`gs\ . Z scofgsfy sco
s]b^bhzbp_w`bhe fh__wgojb`gwe fgy` ]h]^bj ibdRs zs _cbdbpfw `s w]g\_yzwR wfis^_o`s ,
c .j . ]sgn gy` s^^sup ^ldRvse . gcndjw\ ]R`vhj
`be sghjp_sgbe . X]g\_pfgw gy` scofgsfy sco
gs s]b^bhzbp_w`s bjp_sgs ]b\gq`gse cn`l
sco gb` q_b .
Xc\f]ocyfy 1dpz_\fy 2Xc\^bup ]szdoigy , shgb_sg\f_oe ]dsfcovbh 3WRc^l_s ]s\ awvRc^l_s
Z^w]gd\]p dpz_\fy
csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb .
b wc\^wu_o`be ]szdoigye ]\`wRgs\ s`nj
^bus _w gy` ]R`yfy gbh c^p]gdbh .
Xc\^bup ]szdoigy T^^sup fw n^^b` ]szdoigy :
kzpfgw gb v\s]ocgy .
U^nty ^w\gbhduRse ew cwdRcglfy y^w]gd\]pe t^ntye dhz_Rfgw gb`
]szdoigy c\oxb`gse cn`l fgs n]ds gbh ]dpj fgs^^bh gbh ]szdoigy .
WRc^l_s ]s\ awvRc^l_s
gcovw\ay
T`n^bus _w gb c^ngbe gbh shgb]\`pgbh gb shj gb]R`ygb _cbdwR `s hcbfgwR xy_\n fgs shgoj_sgs c^h`gpd\s . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be h^\]q` xyj
_\q` . cd\` sco gb c^pf\_b ]^wRfgw _w gb jod\ p
_w gb c^p]gdb gbhe ]szdocgwe .
csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb .
S e i t e 1 2 2iX=d=efZd=T>T[Rf_TgT , ]T[doigZe ]T\ g\_o`\ 1 2 2
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fb vRc^l_s wR`s\ vh`sgo _ojd\ _\s gsjpgygs cwd . 2 0 k m / h .
fb vRc^l_s ]s\ awvRc^l_s gl` ]szdwigq` tbyzn fg\e csds]ngl cwd\cgqfw\e :'xew shgo_sgs c^h`gpd\s shgb]\`pgl` .'xew fgw`bpe vdo_bhe .
b\ v\c^l_o`b\ ]szdoigwe s`sv\c^q`b`gs\ shgoj
_sgs fw gsjpgygs cwd . 4 0 k m / h .
Thgo_sgy zod_s`fy
b\ vpb walgwd\]bR ]szdocgwe zwd_sR`b`gs\ shj
go_sgs fw cwdRcglfy s`nu]ye ]s\ ogs` wR`s\
w`wdubcb\y_o`y y wgb\_ogygs bvpuyfye .
Thgo_sgye f]Rsfye
b walgwd\]oe ]szdoigye fgy` c^whdn gbh bvyj
ubp f]\nxwgs\ shgo_sgs . V\s gb` o^wujb hcndj jbh` ilgb]pggsds fgb` wflgwd\]o ]szdoigy ,t^ocw fw^Rvs 1 2 3 .
Thgb_sg\f_oe ]dsfcovbh ,
walgwd\]bR ]szdoigwe
Tdjp ^w\gbhduRse @w wc\^wu_o`y oc\fzw` gb ]dpfgs^^b gbh ]szdojcgy fgy` c^whdn fh`bvyubp uod`w\ cdbe gs]ngl . Mgf\ tw^g\q`wgs\ y bdsgogygs c .j . ]sgn gbcsd]nd\f_s fgb ]dnfcwvb gbh cwxbvdb_Rbh pfw n^^s js_y^n w_cov\s .
X`wdubcbRyfy
1 . kzpfgw gb v\s]ocgy fgy zofy gbh
]szdocgy bvyubp . 2 .Xc\^oagw gy zofy gbh wc\^buos R .
Tcw`wdubcbRyfy
kzpfgw gb v\s]ocgy fgy zofy gbh ]sjzdocgy fh`bvyubp .
Xflgwd\]oe ]szdoigye
Vw`\]n
b wflgwd\]oe ]szdoigye f]\nxwgs\ shgo_sgs .
V\s gb` o^wujb jdyf\_wpbh` ilgb]pggsds :
'xegb` ]dpfgs^^b gbh ]szdoigy .'xegy` cRfl c^whdn gbh ]szdoigy .
Xc\f]ocyfy
cdbncbzofw\e ^w\gbhduRse
'x>dsgngw gs ilgb]pggsds ]szsdn .'x@y` ]s^pcgwgw gy` cwd\bjp _wgsap wflgwd\j
]bp ]szdoigy ]s\ csd_cdRx .
f\_o`\
gcovw\ay sfis^wRse
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
Pgs` gb g\_o`\ dhz_Rxwgs\ ]sgn gy v\nd]w\s gye bvpuyfye _cbdwR `s cdb]^yzbp` scdof_w`we
]\`pfw\e gbh g\_b`\bp . @cbdwR `s jnfwgw gb`
o^wujb gbh shgb]\`pgbh . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be sghj
jp_sgbe . dhz_Rxwgw gb g\_o`\ _o`b ogs` gb shj gb]R`ygb wR`s\ fgs_sgy_o`b .
S e i t e 1 2 3>T[Rf_TgT , ]T[doigZe ]T\ g\_o`\iX=d=efZd=T 1 2 3
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Z^w]gd\]p dpz_\fy gbh g\_b`\bp
Vw`\]n
Z dpz_\fy g\_b`\bp scbzy]wpwgs\ u\s gb gdojb`
jdyf\_bcb\bp_w`b cdbiR^ bvyubp , t^ocw fwj ^Rvs 1 0 5 . Pgs` ojw\ wc\^wuwR o`s cdbiR^ bvyubp ,
y zofy wc\^ouwgs\ shgo_sgs ]sgn gy` w`wdubj cbRyfy gye wgb\_ogygse bvpuyfye .
Z gdojbhfs zofy gbh g\_b`\bp _cbdwR `s scbzyj
]whgwR _w gy ^w\gbhduRs _`p_ye , t^ocw fwj ^Rvs 1 2 4 .
dpz_\fy
cdbfsd_ofgw gb g\_o`\ ]sgn _p]be ]s\ pkbe gye zofye ]szRf_sgbe csgq`gse gb` v\s]ocgy .
Xp]b^y wc\tRtsfy /scbtRtsfy
fb g\_o`\ _wgs]\`wRgs\ cdbfld\`n fgy` s`qgwdy
zofy , u\s gy v\wh]o^h`fy gye wc\tRtsfye ]s\ scbtRtsfye .
<od_s`fy g\_b`\bp Xc\f]ocyfy
[od_s`fy g\_b`\bp
X`wdubcbRyfy /scw`wdubcbRyfy csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb .
X_is`Rxwgs\ o`s _p`h_s _b`nvse ]w`j
gd\]bp w^oujbh ( C h e c k C o n t r o l ) .
T` _wgn sco _\s w`v\n_wfy fgnfy y v\svdb_p
fh`wj\fgwR _ofs fw cwd . 1 5 ^wcgn , y zod_s`fy g\j
_b`\bp w`wdubcb\wRgs\ shgo_sgs , ogs` y ^w\gbhdj uRs pgs` w`wdubcb\y_o`y fgb go^be gye gw^whj
gsRse v\svdb_pe .
?w\gbhduRs _`p_ye
Tdjp ^w\gbhduRse@w gy ^w\gbhduRs _`p_ye _cbdbp` `s scbzy]whj
gbp` b\ csds]ngl dhz_Rfw\e ]s\ s` jdw\sfgwR `s wc\^wubp` :
'x[ofy ]szRf_sgbe .'x[ofy walgwd\]q` ]szdwigq` .'x[ofy g\_b`\bp .'xQkbe gye bzo`ye H e a d - U p .
Vw`\]n
T`n cdbiR^ bvyubp , t^ocw fw^Rvs 1 0 5 , _cbdbp`
`s w]jldyzbp` vpb zofw\e scbzp]whfye _w v\sj ibdwg\]oe dhz_Rfw\e .
b\ csds]ngl dhz_Rfw\e vw` scbzy]wpb`gs\ :
'xc^ngbe c^ngye ]szRf_sgbe .'xgcbfgpd\ay bfihm]pe jqdse .
gcbvwRaw\e sfis^wRse
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
Pgs` y ^w\gbhduRs _`p_ye jdyf\_bcb\wRgs\ ]sgn
gy v\nd]w\s gye bvpuyfye _cbdwR `s cdb]^yj
zbp` scdof_w`we ]\`pfw\e gbh ]szRf_sgbe p gbh g\_b`\bp . @cbdwR `s jnfwgw gb` o^wujb gbhshgb]\`pgbh . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be sghjp_sgbe .
S e i t e 1 2 4iX=d=efZd=T>T[Rf_TgT , ]T[doigZe ]T\ g\_o`\ 1 2 4
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idyf\_bcb\wRgw gy ^w\gbhduRs _`p_ye _o`b fw
fgnfy .
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
>sgn gy` ]R`yfy gl` ]sz\f_ngl` hcndjw\ ]R`j
vh`be csuRvwhfye gl` vs]gp^l` . gcndjw\ ]R`j vh`be gdsh_sg\f_bp p ]R`vh`be h^\]q` xy_\q` .cd\` sco gy dpz_\fy twts\lzwRgw , og\ y cwd\bjp]R`yfye gbh ]szRf_sgbe wR`s\ w^wpzwdy .
Xc\f]ocyfy
fs c^p]gds M e m o r y tdRf]b`gs\ fg\e _cdbfg\`oecodgwe .
Tcbzp]whfy fgy _`p_y
1 .dhz_Rfgw gy` wc\zh_ygp zofy . 2 . csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb . Z wc\udsip
fgb c^p]gdb s`ntw\ . 3 .csgpfgw gb wc\zh_ygo c^p]gdb 1 p 2 , ofb wRj
`s\ s`s__o`y y wc\udsip . ZjwR o`s fp_s .
>^pfy
csgpfgw gb wc\zh_ygo c^p]gdb 1 p 2 .
Z scbzy]wh_o`y zofy s`s]s^wRgs\ .
Z v\sv\]sfRs v\s]ocgwgs\ , ogs` csgyzwR o`se
v\s]ocgye gye dpz_\fye ]szRf_sgbe p csgyzwR as`n o`s sco gs c^p]gds M e m o r y .
Z dpz_\fy gye zofye ]szRf_sgbe fgy` c^whdn
bvyubp v\s]ocgwgs\ ]sgn gy` bvpuyfy _wgn sco
fp`gb_b jdb`\]o v\nfgy_s .
<od_s`fy ]szRf_sgbe ]s\
hcbtdsj\o`\bh
Tdjp ^w\gbhduRse Pgs` scs\gwRgs\ gb fpfgy_s zwd_sR`w\ gs ]szRj
f_sgs ]s\ gs hcbtdsj\o`\s .
Vw`\]n
Z zod_s`fy ]szRf_sgbe _cbdwR `s jdyf\_bcb\yj
zwR ]s\ jldRe gy zod_s`fy hcbtdsj\o`\bh . Xn`
jdw\nxwgs\ , scw`wdubcb\pfgw gy zod_s`fy hcbj tdsj\o`\bh .
Xc\f]ocyfy
[od_s`fy ]szRf_sgbe ]s\ hcbtdsj\oj `\bh
X`wdubcbRyfy
1 . csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb . 2 .Xc\^bup tsz_Rvse zwd_b]dsfRse :'xcsgpfgw gb c^p]gdb _Rs ibdn s`n tszj _Rvs .'xcwd\fgdokgw gb ]w`gd\]o jw\d\fgpd\b , _oj
jd\ `s wc\gwhjzwR y wc\zh_ygp tsz_Rvs . csgpfgw gb ]w`gd\]o jw\d\fgpd\b .'xXc\^oagw gy` wc\zh_ygp tsz_Rvs fgy`
bzo`y sipe .
egy` hky^ogwdy tsz_Rvs s`ntbh` gdw\e ]o]j ]\`we ilgbvRbvb\ ( L E D ) fgb c^p]gdb p gdw\e
]o]]\`we _cndwe fgy` bzo`y w^oujbh .
S e i t e 1 2 5>T[Rf_TgT , ]T[doigZe ]T\ g\_o`\iX=d=efZd=T 1 2 5
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Xn` wR`s\ w`wdubcb\y_o`b gb E C O P R O , t^ocw
fw^Rvs 3 2 1 , y zwd_s`g\]p \fjpe _w\q`wgs\ .
Xn` y bvpuyfy fh`wj\fgwR _wgn sco _\s w`v\nj
_wfy fgnfy w`goe cwd . 1 5 ^wcgq` , w`wdubcb\bpj `gs\ shgo_sgs b\ ^w\gbhduRwe _w gy` c\b cdojfisgs dhz_\f_o`y zwd_b]dsfRs .
Tcw`wdubcbRyfy >dsgpfgw csgy_o`b gb c^p]gdb , _ojd\
`s ftpfbh` b\ ilgbvRbvb\ .
>sgs`b_p zod_s`fye
]szRf_sgbe
Z ]sgs`b_p gye zod_s`fye gye ovdse ]s\ gye
c^ngye gbh ]szRf_sgbe _cbdwR `s v\siodbh` .
@ofl gbh i D r i v e : 1 . C A R 2 . dhz_Rfw\e 3 . K`wfy ]^\_sg\f_bp 4 . [od_ . ]szRf_ . ]s\ hcbtdsj . 5 .Xc\^oagw gb wc\zh_ygo ]nz\f_s . 6 .csgpfgw ]s\ cwd\fgdokgw gb ]w`gd\]o jw\d\jfgpd\b , u\s `s dhz_Rfwgw gy` ]sgs`b_p gye
zod_s`fye ]szRf_sgbe .
X`wdubcbRyfy /scw`wdubcbRyfy
zod_s`fye hcbtdsj\o`\bh
@ofl gbh i D r i v e :
1 . C A R 2 . dhz_Rfw\e 3 . K`wfy ]^\_sg\f_bp 4 . [od_ . ]szRf_ . ]s\ hcbtdsj . 5 .Xc\^oagw gb wc\zh_ygo ]nz\f_s . 6 . [od_s`fy hcbtd /`\l` _w ]nz\f_s X`wduoe swd\f_oe
]szRf_sgbe
Tdjp ^w\gbhduRse X`fl_sgl_o`b\ s`w_\fgpdwe fg\e wc\in`w\we gl`]sz\f_ngl` ]s\ gl` c^sgq` s`sddbibp` sodssco gb` wflgwd\]o jqdb gbh shgb]\`pgbh ]s\
wasfis^Rxbh` _w gb` gdocb shgo o`s` whjnd\fgb
]^\_sg\f_o ]szRf_sgbe .
Vw`\]n
T`n^bus _w gy dpz_\fy gbh shgo_sgbh fhfgpj
_sgbe ]^\_sg\f_bp y wcw`oduw\s kpaye shan`wj gs\ p _w\q`wgs\ .
@ofl jw\db]R`ygye dpz_\fy gye zwd_b]dsfRse gbh swd\f_bp , t^ocw fw^Rvs 2 9 0 , ]s\ gye ]sgsj
`b_pe sods , t^ocw fw^Rvs 2 9 2 , _cbdwR `s cdbj
fsd_bfgwR y ^w\gbhduRs ]^\_sg\f_bp s`n^bus _w
g\e s`nu]we .
V\s gy _ou\fgy kh]g\]p \fjp dhz_Rfgw gy` ]sgsj `b_p sods jw\db]R`ygs fgy` cwd\bjp gbh wcn`l
_odbhe gbh fq_sgbe .
Xc\f]ocyfy
X`wduoe swd\f_oe ]szRf_sgbe
X`wdubcbRyfy
1 . csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb . 2 .Xc\^bup tsz_Rvse swd\f_bp :'xcsgpfgw gb c^p]gdb _Rs ibdn s`n tszj _Rvs . S e i t e 1 2 6iX=d=efZd=T>T[Rf_TgT , ]T[doigZe ]T\ g\_o`\ 1 2 6
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'xcwd\fgdokgw gb ]w`gd\]o jw\d\fgpd\b , _oj
jd\ `s wc\gwhjzwR y wc\zh_ygp tsz_Rvs . csgpfgw gb ]w`gd\]o jw\d\fgpd\b .'xXc\^oagw gy` wc\zh_ygp tsz_Rvs fgy`
bzo`y sipe .
egy` hky^ogwdy tsz_Rvs s`ntbh` gdw\e _c^w
ilgbvRbvb\ ( L E D ) fgb c^p]gdb p gdw\e _c^w
_cndwe fgy` bzo`y w^oujbh .
Tcw`wdubcbRyfy
>dsgpfgw csgy_o`b gb c^p]gdb , _ojd\
`s ftpfbh` b\ ilgbvRbvb\ .
>^\_sg\f_oe ]szRf_sgbe
Tdjp ^w\gbhduRse b ]^\_sg\f_oe ]szRf_sgbe fh`vhnxw\ g\e ^w\j
gbhduRwe gye zod_s`fye ]szRf_sgbe ]s\ gbh
w`wdubp swd\f_bp ]szRf_sgbe .
Vw`\]n Z zod_s`fy ]szRf_sgbe ]s\ b w`wduoe swd\f_oe]szRf_sgbe w^oujb`gs\ _ofl w`oe ]b\`bp c^p]j gdbh fgb jw\d\fgpd\b ]^\_sg\f_bp .
Pgs` gs vpb fhfgp_sgs wR`s\ w`wdun , _w\q`wgs\
_w o`s cngy_s gbh c^p]gdbh y o`gsfy gl` vpb ^w\gbhdu\q` ]sgn _Rs tsz_Rvs .
Z gw^whgsRs w`wdup ^w\gbhduRs p y dhz_\f_o`y
^w\gbhduRs _w gy` hky^ogwdy o`gsfy w`wdubj
cb\wRgs\ s_ofle _w `os w`wdubcbRyfy gbh fhfgpj _sgbe . Pgs` b\ vpb ^w\gbhduRwe _w Rv\s dpz_\fyo`gsfye scw`wdubcb\pzy]s` gshgojdb`s , gogw
gb fpfgy_s w`wdubcb\wR shgo_sgs gy zod_s`fy
]szRf_sgbe .
Xc\f]ocyfy
>^\_sg\f_oe ]szRf_sgbe
X`wdubcbRyfy
1 . csgpfgw gb c^p]gdb . 2 .@ofl gye bzo`y sipe wc\^oagw gy` wc\zhj
_ygp dpz_\fy .
>nzw ibdn s`ntw\ _\s ]o]]\`y ]s\ _\s _c^w
ilgbvRbvbe ( L E D ) .
Tcw`wdubcbRyfy
>dsgpfgw csgy_o`b gb c^p]gdb , _ojd\
`s ftpfbh` b\ ilgbvRbvb\ .
S e i t e 1 2 7>T[Rf_TgT , ]T[doigZe ]T\ g\_o`\iX=d=efZd=T 1 2 7
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@wgsibdn cs\v\q` _w sfin^w\sXabc^\f_oe shgb]\`pgbh
egb csdo` ]win^s\b cwd\udnib`gs\ o^b\ b\ tsf\j
]bR wabc^\f_bR , b\ wabc^\f_bR v\sibdwg\]q` jldq` ]szqe ]s\ b\ w\v\]bR wabc^\f_bR , b\ bcbRb\ cdbfiojdb`gs\ fgy fw\dn _b`go^l` . Xcb_o`le , cwd\udnj
ib`gs\ wcRfye wabc^\f_bR ]s\ ^w\gbhduRwe cbh vw` v\sgRzw`gs\ fw o`s shgb]R`ygb c .j . ^oul gbh wc\j
^wu_o`bh w\v\]bp wabc^\f_bp p gye o]vbfye u\s
gy` w]nfgbgw jqds . Thgo \fjpw\ wcRfye u\s ^w\j gbhduRwe ]s\ fhfgp_sgs cbh fjwgRxb`gs\ _w gy`
sfin^w\s . >sgn gy jdpfy gl` s`gRfgb\jl` ^w\j
gbhdu\q` ]s\ fhfgy_ngl` cdocw\ `s gydbp`gs\ b\ w]nfgbgw \fjpb`gwe `o_b\ ]s\ ]s`b`\f_bR .
Z flfgp zofy u\s gscs\v\n
gcovw\ay sfis^wRse
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
T`wcRt^wcgs cs\v\n p xqs fgb shgb]R`ygb _cbj dwR `s zofbh` gb shgb]R`ygb fw ]R`yfy _w scbjgo^wf_s `s ]\`vh`okbh` shgn p y ]h]^bibdRs ,
c .j . sco g\e s]o^bhzwe w`oduw\we :
'xcngy_s gbh ]bh_c\bp w]]R`yfye /v\s]bj
cpe .'x?pf\_b gbh ido`bh fgnz_whfye .'xK`b\u_s ]s\ ]^wRf\_b cbdgq` p csdszpj
dl` .'xXc\^bup gye zofye gbh wc\^buos N .'xiw\d\f_oe wabc^\f_q` gbh shgb]\`pgbh .
gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be sghjp_sgbe p gdsh_sg\f_bp . @y` sip`wgw cs\v\n p xqs s`wc\gpdygs _ofs
fgb shgb]R`ygb . >sgn gy` oabvb sco gb shgb]Rj
`ygb cndgw _sxR fse gb gy^wjw\d\fgpd\b ]s\ ]^w\vqfgw gb shgb]R`ygb .
fs cs\v\n cdocw\ `s ]nzb`gs\
cn`gs fgb cRfl ]nz\f_s
Vw`\]n
Z odwh`s sghjy_ngl` ojw\ vwRaw\ og\ y c\b sfisj ^pe zofy u\s gs cs\v\n wR`s\ gb cRfl ]nz\f_s .
cs\v\n cbh wR`s\ _\]dogwds sco 1 2 ogy p ojbh`
pkbe ]ngl sco 1 5 0 c m cdocw\ `s _wgsiodb`gs\ _o`b fgb cRfl ]nz\f_s fw ]sgn^^y^s fhfgp_sgs
cs\v\]q` ]sz\f_ngl` cbh s`g\fgb\jbp` fgy` y^\j
]Rs , gb tndbe ]s\ gb pkbe gbhe . cs\v\n n`l gl`
1 2 wgq` cdocw\ `s ibdbp` xq`y sfis^wRse , _oj
^\e o`s ]sgn^^y^b fpfgy_s cs\v\]bp ]szRf_sgbe
vw` w`vwR]`hgs\ c\s ^oul gye y^\]Rse , gbh tnj
dbhe ]s\ gbh pkbhe gbhe .
gcovw\ay sfis^wRse
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
cs\v\n pkbhe ]ngl sco 1 5 0 c m vw` _cbdbp`
`s gbcbzwgpfbh` flfgn gy xq`y sfis^wRse jldRe ]sgn^^y^s fhfgp_sgs cs\v\]q` ]sz\f_nj
gl` . Z cdbfgsgwhg\]p wcw`oduw\s gl` xl`q` sfis^wRse _cbdwR `s wR`s\ cwd\bd\f_o`y p csj
`gw^qe scbpfs , s` gbcbzwgyzbp` ^nzbe . @\s
^nzbe gbcbzwgy_o`y xq`y sfis^wRse _cbdwR
`s cdb]s^ofw\ cdofzwgbhe gdsh_sg\f_bpe , c .j .
fw cwdRcglfy sghjp_sgbe p fw w^\u_bpe idwj
`sdRf_sgbe ]s\ scbihupe w_cbvRbh . gcndjw\
]R`vh`be gdsh_sg\f_bp p zs`ngbh . cs\v\n
pkbhe ]ngl sco 1 5 0 c m cdocw\ `s cdbfvo`bj `gs\ fw ]sgn^^y^s fhfgp_sgs cs\v\]q` ]sz\j
f_ngl` .
S e i t e 1 2 8iX=d=efZd=T@wgTibdn cT\v\q` _w Tfin^w\T 1 2 8
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cs\v\n fgb ]nz\f_s gbh
fh`bvyubp
Vw`\]n
>sgn gy jdpfy w`oe fhfgp_sgbe cs\v\]bp ]szRj f_sgbe fgb ]nz\f_s gbh fh`bvyubp cdbfoagw `s
wR`s\ scw`wdubcb\y_o`b\ b _cdbfg\`oe ]s\ c^whj
d\]oe swdofs]be fgy` c^whdn gbh fh`bvyubp .
@\s scw`wdubcbRyfy gl` swdofs]l` gbh fh`j
bvyubp wR`s\ vh`sgp _o`b _w gb` ]^w\vbv\s]ocgy
u\s gbhe swdofs]bhe gbh fh`bvyubp , t^ocw fwj
^Rvs 1 8 5 .
gcovw\ay sfis^wRse
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
X`wdubcb\y_o`b\ swdofs]b\ fh`bvyubp _cbj
dbp` ]sgn gy` chdbvogyfy `s gdsh_sgRfbh` o`s cs\vR cbh ]nzwgs\ fw fpfgy_s cs\v\]bp ]sj
zRf_sgbe . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be gdsh_sg\f_bp . Uwj
ts\lzwRgw og\ b\ swdofs]b\ fh`bvyubp wR`s\
scw`wdubcb\y_o`b\ ]s\ og\ y w`vw\]g\]p ^hj`Rs
P A S S E N G E R A I R B A G O F F s`ntw\ .
eh`sd_b^ouyfy
fhfgy_ngl` cs\v\]q`]sz\f_ngl`
Vw`\]n
V\s o^we g\e ]sgyubdRwe y^\]Rse ]s\ tndbhe _cbj
dwRgw `s cdb_yzwhgwRgw o`s s`n^bus fhfgp_sgs cs\v\]q` ]sz\f_ngl` fw o`s` fh`wdungy fodt\egbh ]sgsf]whsfgp , o`s` n^^b` waw\v\]wh_o`bfh`wdungy fodt\e p o`s waw\v\]wh_o`b fh`wdjuwRb .
>sgn gy` wc\^bup , gbcbzogyfy ]s\ jdpfy fhfgyj
_ngl` cs\v\]q` ]sz\f_ngl` gydwRgw g\e hcbvwRj
aw\e jw\d\f_bp ]s\ sfis^wRse gbh ]sgsf]whsfgp
gbh fhfgp_sgbe cs\v\]bp ]szRf_sgbe .
gcbvwRaw\e sfis^wRse
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
ew cwdRcglfy t^ntye p ]sgsco`yfye gl` fhj
fgy_ngl` cs\v\]q` ]sz\f_ngl` ]s\ gl` s`gRj fgb\jl` fhfgy_ngl` fgwdolfye ^oul sghjpj
_sgbe _cbdwR `s cwd\bd\fgwR p `s scbhf\nxw\
cs`gw^qe y cdbfgsgwhg\]p wcw`oduw\n gbhe . c .j . o`s cs\vR w`vojwgs\ `s _y` fhu]dsgwRgs\
wcsd]qe , c .j . fw cwdRcglfy sghjp_sgbe p w^\uj
_q` idw`sdRf_sgbe ]s\ scbihupe w_cbvRbh .
gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be gdsh_sg\f_bp p zs`ngbh . fs fhfgp_sgs cs\v\]q` ]sz\f_ngl` ]s\ gs s`gRj
fgb\js fhfgp_sgs fgwdolfye cbh ojbh` hcbj fgwR t^nty p ]sgsco`yfy ]sgn gy v\nd]w\sw`oe sghjp_sgbe cdocw\ `s w^wujzbp` ]s\ w`j
vwj . `s s`g\]sgsfgszbp` sco o`s` fh`wdungy
fodt\e gbh ]sgsf]whsfgp , o`s` n^^b` waw\v\j
]wh_o`b fh`wdungy fodt\e p o`s waw\v\]wh_o`b
fh`wduwRb .
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
ew cwdRcglfy ^nzbe dpz_\fye gbh ]szRf_sgbe
p ^nzbe fh`sd_b^ouyfye gbh cs\v\]bp ]szRj
f_sgbe cwd\bdRxwgs\ p scbhf\nxw\ cs`gw^qe y
fgszwdogygs gbh fhfgp_sgbe cs\v\]bp ]szRj
f_sgbe . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be gdsh_sg\f_bp p zsj `ngbh . Uwts\lzwRgw og\ gb fpfgy_s cs\v\]bp
]szRf_sgbe wisd_oxw\ fi\jgn fgy` c^ngy ]sj
zRf_sgbe . cdbfsd_ofgw fw o^we g\e s`gRfgb\j
jwe c^ngwe ]sz\f_ngl` ]sgn gb vh`sgo` gy`
]^Rfy gye c^ngye ]s\ dhz_Rfgw flfgn gs ]szRj
f_sgs . Uwts\lzwRgw og\ gs ]szRf_sgs ]s\ b\
c^ngwe gbhe ojbh` sfis^Rfw\ p ]^w\vqfw\ flj fgn . T` uR`wgs\ cdbfsd_ofgw gb pkbe gbh cdbj
f]ois^bh p sis\dofgw gb .
S e i t e 1 2 9@wgTibdn cT\v\q` _w Tfin^w\TiX=d=efZd=T 1 2 9
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egb ]nz\f_s fh`bvyubpTcw`wdubcb\pfgw gbhe swdofs]bhe
cdbX=Wbcb=ZeZ
X`wdubcb\y_o`b\ swdofs]b\ fh`bvyubp _cbj
dbp` ]sgn gy` chdbvogyfy `s gdsh_sgRfbh` o`s cs\vR cbh ]nzwgs\ fw fpfgy_s cs\v\]bp ]sj
zRf_sgbe . gcndjw\ ]R`vh`be gdsh_sg\f_bp . Uwj
ts\lzwRgw og\ b\ swdofs]b\ fh`bvyubp wR`s\
scw`wdubcb\y_o`b\ ]s\ og\ y w`vw\]g\]p ^hj`Rs P A S S E N G E R A I R B A G O F F s`ntw\ .
cd\` gy fh`sd_b^ouyfy w`oe fhfgp_sgbe cs\v\j
]bp ]szRf_sgbe fgb ]nz\f_s gbh fh`bvyubp cdbfoagw `s wR`s\ scw`wdubcb\y_o`b\ b _cdbfg\j`oe ]s\ c^whd\]oe swdofs]be fgy` c^whdn gbh
fh`bvyubp .
Tcw`wdubcbRyfy gl` swdofs]l` gbh fh`bvyubp
_w ]^w\vbv\s]ocgy , t^ocw fw^Rvs 1 8 5 .
ehfgp_sgs cs\v\]q` ]sz\f_ngl` gbcbzwgy_o`s cdbe gs cRfl
>=AWgAbe
X`wdubcb\y_o`b\ swdofs]b\ fh`bvyubp _cbj dbp` ]sgn gy` chdbvogyfy `s gdsh_sgRfbh` o`s cs\vR cbh ]nzwgs\ fw fgds__o`b cdbe gscRfl fpfgy_s cs\v\]bp ]szRf_sgbe . gcndjw\
]R`vh`be gdsh_sg\f_bp p zs`ngbh . Uwts\lj
zwRgw og\ b\ swdofs]b\ fh`bvyubp wR`s\ scw`wdj
ubcb\y_o`b\ ]s\ og\ y w`vw\]g\]p ^hj`Rs P A S S E N G E R A I R B A G O F F s`ntw\ .
cdbfoagw gy` hcovw\ay fgb f]\nv\b gye c^whdnegbh fh`bvyubp .
cbgo _y` jdyf\_bcb\wRgw o`s fgds__o`b cdbe gs cRfl fpfgy_s cs\v\]q` ]sz\f_ngl` fw o`s ]nz\j f_s _w w`wdubcb\y_o`b _cdbfg\`o swdofs]b ,
]szqe _cbdwR `s bvyupfw\ fw zn`sgb p fbtsj
dbpe gdsh_sg\f_bpe fgs cs\v\n .
<ofy ]s\ pkbe gbh ]szRf_sgbe cd\` gy fh`sd_b^ouyfy w`oe fhfgp_sgbe cs\v\j]bp ]szRf_sgbe uw`\]pe jdpfye , zofgw gb ]nz\jf_s gbh fh`bvyubp wiofb` uR`wgs\ fgy` c\b cRfl
zofy ]s\ gb pkbe fgy _wfsRs zofy . @w shgp` gy
zofy ]s\ gb pkbe ]szRf_sgbe wc\ghujn`wgs\ y
]s^pgwdy vh`sgp gbcbzogyfy gye xq`ye ]s\
cdbfgsfRs fw cwdRcglfy sghjp_sgbe .
Pgs` gb wcn`l fy_wRb fgwdolfye gye xq`ye
sfis^wRse tdRf]wgs\ _cdbfgn sco gb` bvyuo xq`ye gbh cs\v\]bp ]szRf_sgbe , bvyupfgw gb ]njz\f_s fh`bvyubp cdbe gs w_cdoe cdbfw]g\]n_ojd\ `s wc\gwhjzwR y \vs`\]p bvpuyfy gye xq`ye .
c^ngbe c^ngye ]szRf_sgbe
dhz_\xo_w`b c^ngbe gye c^ngye gbh ]szRf_sj
gbe : cd\` gy fh`sd_b^ouyfy w`oe fhfgp_sgbe cs\v\]bp ]szRf_sgbe fgb ]nz\f_s gbh fh`bvyj
ubp s`bRagw gy` c^ngy gbh ]szRf_sgbe fw o^b gye gb c^ngbe . @y` s^^nxwgw c^ob` gb c^ngbegye c^ngye gbh ]szRf_sgbe ]s\ _y` ]s^wRgw c\s]s_Rs zofy M e m o r y .
S e i t e 1 3 0iX=d=efZd=T@wgTibdn cT\v\q` _w Tfin^w\T 1 3 0
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