FIAT DUCATO 2019 Owner handbook (in English)
Page 181 of 288
UcK V 3$ *0/* (* ’$"3 ,$* (,*".2"." #(*0
*0" ."*./+*/8&" 2$$*8$/.’?
!)$>Q2SQ[V
#/., /&& 813*/,’".3 *0/* *0" 7"0(+&" (3
/8$%* *$ 8" &(2*"’6 @0"1 ;%3* 3*/1 +&"/.
/,’ ,$* *$%+0 *0" 7"0(+&" %,*(& (* (3 8/+)
$, *0" -.$%,’6
2$. 7".3($,3 "N%(99"’ #(*0 3"&2T
&"7"&&(,- 9,"%;/*(+ 3%39",3($,< 8"2$."
%3(,- *0" G/+) *$ ./(3" *0" 7"0(+&"<
9."33 *0" 8%**$,3 UAV /,’ UCV 2(-6 _LK
3(;%&*/,"$%3&1 2$. /* &"/3* K 3"+$,’36
@0" $9"./*(,- ;$’" 2$. ./(3(,- *0"
7"0(+&" (3 /+*(7/*"’R *0" ^F53 $, *0"
8%**$,3 +$;" $, +$,3*/,*&16
@$ ">(* *0(3 ;$’"< 9."33 8%**$,3 UAV
/,’ UCV 3(;%&*/,"$%3&1 2$. /,$*0". K
3"+$,’3? 8$*0 ^F53 $, *0" 8%**$,3
#(&& -$ $%* /,’ 2%&& 313*"; $9"./*($,
#(&& 8" ."3*$."’6 @0(3 ;$’" ’"/+*(7/*"3
/%*$;/*(+/&&1 #0", *0" 39""’ $2
/99.$>6 K );X0 (3 ">+""’"’6
Q[\R
!)%>Q2SQ\S
&(2* *0" 7"0(+&"6
A2*". &(2*(,- *0" 7"0(+&"R
2$. /&& 7".3($,3< /++"33 *0" ."/. .(-0*
#0""& /.+0< $9"./*" *0" 3+."# UAV
2(-6 _L‘ $, *0" 39/." #0""& ."*/(,(,-
’"7(+"< %3(,- *0" 3%99&("’ #.",+0
/33";8&"’ +$.."+*&1 #(*0 *0" ’"’(+/*"’
">*",3($, UCV 2(-6 _L‘?
*%., *0" *$$& /,*(+&$+)#(3" 2(-6 _Lf *$
/&&$# *0" 39/." #0""& *$ ’"3+",’?
+$,*(,%" *%.,(,- /,*(+&$+)#(3"
%,*(& *0" 3*$9 9$(,*< (,’(+/*"’ 81 *0"
3*(22",(,- $2 *0" ;/,$"%7." $. / +&(+)
2.$; *0" +&%*+0 9."3",* (, *0" ’"7(+"?
Q[TRQ[VR
!)&>Q2SQ\Q
/2*". %,#(,’(,- *0" #0$&" +/8&" $2
*0" 39/." #0""& &(2*(,- ’"7(+"< .";$7"
*0" #0""& 2.$; *0" 7"0(+&"?
!)’>Q2SUWQ
%,’$ *0" ."*/(,(,- ),$8 U5V 2(-6 _L[
/,’ 2."" *0" #0""& 81 3&(’(,- $%* *0"
3%99$.* UFV6
Page 182 of 288
BJ AJ FOFP]FJE=
!)(>>Q2SQ\U
#(*0 *0" *$$&3 /33";8&"’< %,’$ *0"
8$&*3 2(-6 _LL 2%&&1 /,’ .";$7" *0"
#0""&?
2(* *0" 39/." #0""&< /&(-,(,- 0$&"3 U]V
2(-6 aMM #(*0 *0" 9(,3 U:V6 !0", 2(**(,-
*0" 39/." #0""&< ",3%." *0/* *0" #0""&
3%99$.* 3%.2/+"3 /." +&"/, /,’ 2."" $2
(;9%.(*("3 *0/* +$%&’ &/*". +/%3" *0"
8$&*3 *$ &$$3",?
3+."# (, *0" K 2/3*",(,- 8$&*3?
/33";8&" *0" *$$&3 *$ *(-0*", *0"
8$&*3 2%&&1< 9/33(,- /&*".,/*"&1 2.$; $,"
8$&* *$ *0" ’(/-$,/&&1 $99$3(*" $,"<
2$&&$#(,- *0" 3+0";" 30$#, (, 2(-6 aMM?
%3" *0" #0""& .";$7/& #.",+0 *$
&$#". *0" 7"0(+&" /,’ .";$7" *0" G/+)?
!))>Q2SUWW
A* *0" ",’ $2 *0" $9"./*($,R
*/)" *0" ."9&/+"’ #0""&< ."/**/+0 (*
*$ *0" 3%99$.* UFV 2(-6 _L[ /,’ *(-0*",
*0" ),$8 U5V?
G
H
"**>Q2SQ\[
(,*.$’%+" *0" /33";8&1 *$$& 2(-6 _Lf
9.$7(’"’ #(*0 *0" 3%(*/8&" ">*",3($,
UCV 2(-6 _L‘ $, *0" 3+."# UAV 2(-6 _L‘ $2
*0" 39/." #0""& 0$%3(,- ;/,$"%7.(,-
’"7(+" /,’ *%., +&$+)#(3" a *$ &(2* *0"
39/." #0""& 8/+) %9 %,*(& (* (3 2%&&13%99$.*"’ (, (*3 0$%3(,- 8","/*0 *0"
2&$$. 9/, U5V 2(-6 _Lf6
Q\SR
"*!>Q2SUXS
4$. 7"0(+&"3 #(*0 /&&$1 .(;3< 9.$+""’ /3
2$&&$#3R
+/..1 $%* *0" /8$7" ’"3+.(8"’
$9"./*($,3 2$. +0/,-(,- *0" #0""& %,*(&
&$/’(,- *0" 9%,+*%."’ #0""& $, *0"
39/." #0""& &(2*(,- ’"7(+"?
*/)" *0" )(* 2.$; *0" *$$& 8/-< &$+/*"’
(, *0" -&$7" +$;9/.*;",*?
*0" )(* (,+&%’"3 $," 8./+)"*< *0.""
39"+(/& 3+."#3 /,’ $," A&&", 39/,,".<
_M 3(S"?
-$ *$ *0" ."/. 3(’" $2 *0" 7"0(+&"
#0"." *0" 39/." #0""& (3 &$+/*"’?
;/)" 3%." *0/* /&& $2 *0" +/8&" 2$.
*0" 39/." #0""& &(2*(,- ’"7(+" 0/3 8"",
%,.$&&"’< -.(9 *0" 8"&& /,’ 9$3(*($, (*
(,3(’" *0" +(.+%&/. 8./+)"* 2(-6 aMa?
Page 183 of 288
"*">Q2SUWU
*(-0*", *0" ),$8 $,*$ *0" 3+."# *$
3"+%." *0" 8./+)"* 2(-6 aMb6
"*#>Q2SUWY
."3* *0" 8./+)"* $, *0" (,3(’" $2 *0"
/&&$1 .(; 2(-6 aMc6
"*$>Q2SUW[
%3" *0" A&&", )"1 *$ *(-0*", *0" *0.""
39"+(/& 3+."#3 $, *0" ,%*3 $2 *0"
8./+)"* 2(-6 aMK /,’ 3"+%." *0" .(;?
"*%>Q2SXTY
(,*.$’%+" *0" /33";8&1 *$$& 2(-6 _Lf
9.$7(’"’ #(*0 *0" 3%(*/8&" ">*",3($,
UCV 2(-6 _L‘ $, *0" 3+."# UAV 2(-6 _L‘ $2
*0" 39/." #0""& 0$%3(,- ;/,$"%7.(,-
’"7(+" /,’ *%., +&$+)#(3" *$ &(2* *0"
39/." #0""& 8/+) %9 %,*(& (* (3 2%&&1
3%99$.*"’ (, (*3 0$%3(,- 8","/*0 *0"
2&$$. 9/, U5V 2(-6 _LL6
+0"+) *0/* *0" 9$3(*($, $2 *0"
."9&/+"’ #0""& %,’". *0" 9&/*2$.; (3
+$.."+* U*0" &(2*(,- 313*"; (3 "N%(99"’
#(*0 / +&%*+0 *$ &(;(* *0" ",’ $2 *0"
3*.$)"< (,+$.."+* 9$3(*($,(,- ;/1
G"$9/.’(3" 3/2"*1V?
9&/+" *0" .";$7/& *$$&3 8/+) (, *0"
*$$& 8/- X +$;9/.*;",*?
9&/+" *0" *$$& 8$> X +$;9/.*;",* (,
(*3 0$%3(,- %,’". *0" 9/33",-". 3"/*6
Q\QRQ\WR
+’%(!(,
)1)*e3" 1$%. 0/S/.’ &(-0*3< #/.,(,-
*.(/,-&"< "*+6 *$ 30$# *0/* 1$%. 7"0(+&" (3
3*/*($,/.16 W/33",-".3 30$%&’ -"* $%*
$2 *0" 7"0(+&"< 9/.*(+%&/.&1 (2 (* (3 0"/7(&1
&$/’"’< /,’ #/(* 2$. *0" #0""& *$ 8"
+0/,-"’ /#/1 2.$; *0" *./22(+6 A99&1 *0"
0/,’8./)"6 B, *0" "7",* $2 / #0""& +0/,-"
$, / 3&$9" $. $, %,3%.2/+"’ .$/’3< 9%*
/,1 $8G"+* /3 3*$9 %,’". *0" #0""&36
)1-*@0" 39/." #0""& 3%99&("’ U2$.
7".3($,3X;/.)"*3< #0"." 9.$7(’"’V (3
39"+(2(+ 2$. 1$%. 7"0(+&"6 @0"."2$."< (* ;%3*
,$* 8" %3"’ $, $*0". ;$’"&36 5$ ,$* %3"
39/." #0""&3 $2 $*0". ;$’"&3 $, 1$%.
7"0(+&"6 @0" #0""& 8$&*3 /." 39"+(2(+ 2$.
1$%. 7"0(+&"R ’$ ,$* %3" *0"; $, ’(22".",*
;$’"&3 /,’ ’$ ,$* %3" 8$&*3 2.$; $*0".
;$’"&3 $, 1$%. 7"0(+&"6
)1.*P"9/(. /,’ ."2(* *0" 3*/,’/.’ #0""&
/3 3$$, /3 9$33(8&"6 5$ ,$* /99&1 -."/3"
*$ *0" 8$&* *0."/’3 8"2$." 2(**(,-R *0"1
+$%&’ +$;" %,3+."#"’6
Page 184 of 288
BJ AJ FOFP]FJE=
)1/*e3" *0" G/+) $,&1 *$ ."9&/+" #0""&3
$, *0" 7"0(+&" #(*0 #0(+0 (* (3 3%99&("’ $.
$, $*0". +/.3 $2 *0" 3/;" ;$’"&6 J"7".
%3" *0" G/+) 2$. $*0". 9%.9$3"3< 3%+0 /3
&(2*(,- $*0". 7"0(+&" ;$’"&36 J"7". %3" *0"
G/+) *$ +/..1 $%* ."9/(.3 %,’". *0" 7"0(+&"6
B,+$.."+* 9$3(*($,(,- $2 *0" G/+) ;/1 +/%3"
*0" &(2*"’ 7"0(+&" *$ 2/&&6 5$ ,$* %3" *0" G/+)
2$. &$/’3 0(-0". *0/, *0" $," 30$#, $, (*3
&/8"&6
)10*J"7". */;9". #(*0 *0" (,2&/*($, 7/&7"6
J"7". (,*.$’%+" *$$&3 $2 /,1 )(,’ 8"*#"",
.(; /,’ *1."6 E0"+) *1." /,’ 39/." #0""&
9."33%." ."-%&/.&1< ."2"..(,- *$ *0" 7/&%"3
30$#, (, *0" g@"+0,(+/& 39"+(2(+/*($,3g
3"+*($,6
)11*J$ *$$&3 $*0". *0/, *0" +./,)
9.$7(’"’ 30$%&’ 8" %3"’ #(*0 *0" 39/."
#0""& &(2*(,- ’"7(+"? (* 30$%&’ 8" $9"./*"’
81 0/,’ $,&16
)12*I, 7".3($,3 "N%(99"’ #(*0
3"&2T&"7"&&(,- /(. 3%39",3($,< ,"7".
(,*.$’%+" *0" 0"/’ $. 0/,’3 (, *0" #0""&
/.+06 @0" 7"0(+&" +$%&’ ./(3" $. &$#".
/%*$;/*(+/&&1 ’"9",’(,- $, 9$33(8&" &$/’
$. *";9"./*%." +0/,-"36
)13*@0" ’"7(+" 30$%&’ $,&1 8" $9"./*"’
81 0/,’< #(*0$%* %3(,- /,1 *19" $2
*$$& $*0". *0/, *0" +./,) 9.$7(’"’ &()"
9,"%;/*(+ $. "&"+*.(+/& 3+."#’.(7".36
)14*@0" ;$7(,- +$;9$,",*3 $2 *0" G/+)
U3+."#3 /,’ G$(,*3V +/, /&3$ +/%3" (,G%.("3R
/7$(’ *$%+0(,- *0";6 B2 1$% +$;" (,*$
+$,*/+* #(*0 &%8.(+/*(,- -."/3"< +&"/,
1$%.3"&2 *0$.$%-0&16
)25*A* *0" ",’ $2 *0" $9"./*($, $2
./(3(,-X&$+)(,- *0" 39/." #0""&< /2*".
0/7(,- +0"+)"’ *0" +$.."+* 9$3(*($,(,-
$2 *0" #0""& %,’". *0" 9&/*2$.; U1"&&$#
,$*+0 (,3(’" *0" #(,’$# $, *0" ’"7(+"V<
*0" 39/,,". ;%3* 8" ">*./+*"’< */)(,- +/.",$* *$ *%., (* (, *0" #.$,- ’(."+*($, U/3 (,
*0" 2(-%."V *$ 2/+(&(*/*" *0" ">*./+*($, $2 *0"
39/,,". (*3"&2< *$ 9."7",* *0" /**/+0;",*
’"7(+" 2.$; 8"(,- ."&"/3"’ /,’ *0" #0""&
/33";8&1 ,$* 8"(,- 3"+%."&1 ."*/(,"’6
)2)*F/+0 *(;" *0" 39/." #0""& (3 ;$7"’<
+0"+) *0/* (* (3 +$.."+*&1 9$3(*($,"’ (, (*3
0$%3(,- %,’". *0" 9&/*2$.;6 B2 (* (3 ,$*
+$.."+*&1 9$3(*($,"’< *0(3 +$%&’ /’7".3"&1
/22"+* 3/2"*16
)2-*@0" 39/." #0""& &(2*(,- ’"7(+" (3
"N%(99"’ #(*0 / +&%*+0 3/2"*1 313*"; 2$.
(*3 $#, 9.$*"+*($,? *0(3 +$%&’ /+*(7/*"’
(2 /, ">+"33(7" &$/’ (3 /99&("’ $, *0"
;/,$"%7.(,- 3+."#6
*’Na3.
#+%.5#%’) ‘+’)2
%-!" !"6#’! 2’%
U2$. 7".3($,3X;/.)"*3< #0"." 9.$7(’"’V
@0" 4(> q ]$ A%*$;/*(+ *1." ."9/(. )(*
(3 9$3(*($,"’ /* *0" 2.$,* $2 *0" 7"0(+&"
9/33",-". +$;9/.*;",* /,’ (,+&%’"3
2(-6 aM‘R
"*&>Q2SQTS
/ 39./1 +/, UAV $2 &(N%(’ 3"/&/,*<
+$;9&"*" #(*0R +&"/. 2(&&". 0$3" UCV?
8&/+) 9."33%." *$9T%9 0$3" UFV? 3*(+)".
UEV ;/.)"’ g;/>6 [M );X0g< *$ 8"
/22(>"’ (, / 9$3(*($, (, +&"/. 7("# $2 *0"
’.(7". U$, *0" (,3*.%;",* 9/,"&V /2*".
*0" *1." 0/3 8"", ."9/(."’?
(,2$.;/*($, &"/2&"* U3"" 2(-6 aMfV< *$
8" %3"’ 2$. 9.$;9* /,’ +$.."+* %3" $2
*0" N%(+) *1." ."9/(. )(* /,’ *0", *$ 8"
0/,’"’ *$ *0" 9".3$,,"& +0/.-"’ #(*0
0/,’&(,- *0" *1." *."/*"’ #(*0 *0" *1."
."9/(. )(*?
+$;9."33$. U5V +$;9&"*" #(*0
9."33%." -/%-" /,’ +$,,"+*$.3?
/ 9/(. $2 9.$*"+*(7" -&$7"3 &$+/*"’
(, *0" 3(’" +$;9/.*;",* $2 *0"
+$;9."33$.?
/’/9*$.3 2$. (,2&/*(,- ’(22".",*
"&";",*36
Q\XRQ\URQ\YR
YYR
Page 185 of 288
"*’>Q2SQTQ
’56.!%#0%
’0*.!5#%’.0_
@0" 3"/&(,- 2&%(’ $2 *0" N%(+) ."9/(. )(*
(3 "22"+*(7" /* ">*".,/& *";9"./*%."3 $2
8"*#"", aM E /,’ mKM E6
@0" 3"/&(,- 2&%(’ 0/3 /, ">9(.1 ’/*"6
Q\[RQ\\R
UR
’0*,#%’.0 6!.)"$+!"
Q\TRQ\VRQTSRQTQRQTWR
W%&& *0" 0/,’8./)"6 e,3+."# *0"
*1." 7/&7" +/9< */)" $%* *0" 2(&&". 0$3"
UAV2(-6 aM[/,’ 3+."# *0" .(,- ,%*
UCV$,*$ *0" *1." 7/&7"?
(,3".* *0" 9&%- UFV 2(-6 a_M (, *0"
,"/."3* _aQ 9$#". 3$+)"* /,’ 3*/.*
*0" ",-(,"6 @%., *0" 3"&"+*$. U5V
2(-6 aML /,*(+&$+)#(3" *$ *0" ."9/(.
9$3(*($,6 A+*(7/*" *0" )(* 81 9."33(,-
*0" $,X$22 3#(*+06 B,2&/*" *0" *1." *$ *0"
9."33%." 39"+(2("’ (, *0" gB,2&/*($,9."33%."g 9/./-./90 (, *0" g@"+0,(+/&
39"+(2(+/*($,3g 3"+*($,?
"*(>Q2SQTW
4$. / ;$." /++%./*" ."/’(,-< (* (3
/’7(3/8&" *$ +0"+) *0" 9."33%." $, *0"
9."33%." -/%-" U4V 2(-6 aML #(*0 *0"
+$;9."33$. $22 /,’ #(*0$%* ;$7(,- *0"
+",*." 3"&"+*$. 2.$; *0" ."9/(. 9$3(*($,?
"*)>Q2SQTX
(2 /2*". _M ;(,%*"3 (* (3 3*(&& (;9$33(8&"
*$ ."/+0 /* &"/3* b 8/.< ."&"/3" *0"
*./,39/.",* 2(&&". 9(9" 2.$; *0" 7/&7"
/,’ */)" $%* *0" _a Q 9&%-< *0", ;$7"*0" 7"0(+&" 2$.#/.’3 81 /8$%* _M
;"*."3 (, $.’". *$ ’(3*.(8%*" *0" 3"/&(,-
2&%(’ (,3(’" *0" *1." "7",&1< *0", ."9"/*
*0" (,2&/*($, $9"./*($,?
(2 /2*". *0(3 $9"./*($, (* (3 3*(&&
(;9$33(8&" /2*". _M ;(,%*"3 *$ ."/+0
/* &"/3* b 8/.< ’$ ,$* 3*/.* ’.(7(,-
3(,+" *0" *1." (3 ">+"33(7"&1 ’/;/-"’
/,’ *0" N%(+) *1." ."9/(. )(* +/,,$*
-%/./,*"" 9.$9". 0$&’< +$,*/+* / 4(/*
5"/&".30(9?
(2 *0" *1." 0/3 8"", (,2&/*"’ *$ *0"
."+$;;",’"’ 9."33%." (, *0" hB,2&/*($,
9."33%."g 9/./-./90?
"!*>Q2SXXY
/2*". 0/7(,- ’.(7", 2$. /8$%* _M
;(,%*"3< 3*$9 /,’ ."T+0"+) *0" *1."
9."33%."? .";";8". *$ ",-/-" *0"
0/,’8./)"?
(2 / 9."33%." 7/&%" $2 /* &"/3* b 8/. (3
’"*"+*"’< ."3*$." *0" +$.."+* 9."33%."
9."3+.(8"’ (, *0" hB,2&/*($, 9."33%."g
9/./-./90 U#(*0 *0" ",-(," .%,,(,-
/,’ *0" 0/,’8./)" ",-/-"’V< ."3%;"
Page 186 of 288
BJ AJ FOFP]FJE=
’.(7(,- /,’ ’.(7" #(*0 +/." *$ ,"/."3*
4(/* 5"/&".30(96
+’%(!(,
)2.*](7" *0" &"/2&"* *$ *0" 9".3$,,"&
+0/.-"’ #(*0 0/,’&(,- *0" *1." *."/*"’ #(*0
*0" *1." ."9/(. )(*6
)2/*W%,+*%."3 $, *0" 3(’"3 $2 *0" *(."
;/1 ,$* 8" ."9/(."’6 5$ ,$* /**";9* *$
%3" *0" N%(+) ."9/(. )(* (2 *0" *1." #/3
’/;/-"’ /3 / ."3%&* $2 8"(,- %3"’ #0",
%,’".(,2&/*"’6
)20*P"9/(.3 /." ,$* 9$33(8&" (, *0" +/3"
$2 ’/;/-" *$ *0" #0""& .(; U8/’ -.$$7"
’(3*$.*($, +/%3(,- /(. &$33V6 5$ ,$* .";$7"
*0" 2$."(-, 8$’1 U3+."#3 $. ,/(&3V 2.$; *0"
*1."6
)21*J"7". $9"./*" *0" +$;9."33$. 2$.
&$,-". *0/, aM +$,3"+%*(7" ;(,%*"36 P(3)
$2 $7".0"/*(,-6 @1."3 ."9/(."’ #(*0 *0"
N%(+) *1." ."9/(. )(* ;%3* $,&1 8" %3"’
*";9$./.(&1< /3 *0" )(* (3 ,$* 3%(*/8&" 2$. /
’"2(,(*(7" ."9/(.6
)22*@0" 8$**&" +$,*/(,3 "*01&"," -&1+$&6 B*
+$,*/(,3 &/*"> *0/* ;(-0* +/%3" /&&".-(+
."/+*($,36 B* (3 0/.;2%& (2 3#/&&$#"’6 F1"
(..(*/,*6 B* ;/1 +/%3" 3",3(*(3/*($, (2 (,0/&"’
$. $, +$,*/+*6 A7$(’ +$,*/+* #(*0 "1"3<
3)(, /,’ +&$*0"36 B, *0" +/3" $2 +$,*/+*<
#/30 (;;"’(/*"&1 #(*0 9&",*1 $2 #/*".6
B, *0" "7",* *0/* (* (3 3#/&&$#"’< ’$ ,$*
(,’%+" 7$;(*(,-6 P(,3" $%* 1$%. ;$%*0<
’.(,) &/.-" N%/,*(*("3 $2 #/*". /,’ 3"")
(;;"’(/*" ;"’(+/& /**",*($,6 \""9 $%*
$2 *0" ."/+0 $2 +0(&’.",6 @0" 9.$’%+*
;%3* ,$* 8" %3"’ 81 /3*0;/*(+36 5$
,$* (,0/&" *0" 7/9$%.3 ’%.(,- (,3".*($,
/,’ 3%+*($,6 E/&& / ’$+*$. (;;"’(/*"&1(2 /&&".-(+ ."/+*($,3 /." ,$*"’6 D*$." *0"
8$**&" (, (*3 9.$9". +$;9/.*;",*< 2/. 2.$;
3$%.+"3 $2 0"/*6 @0" 3"/&(,- 2&%(’ 0/3
/, ">9(.1 ’/*"6 P"9&/+" *0" 8$**&" (2 *0"
3"/&/,* 0/3 ">9(."’6
)23*W%* $, *0" 9.$*"+*(7" -&$7"3 9.$7(’"’
*$-"*0". #(*0 *0" N%(+) *1." ."9/(. )(*6
)24*A99&1 *0" /’0"3(7" &/8"& #0"." (* +/,
8" "/3(&1 3"", 81 *0" ’.(7". /3 / .";(,’".
*0/* *0" *1." 0/3 8"", *."/*"’ #(*0 *0"
N%(+) ."9/(. )(*6 5.(7" +/."2%&&1< 9/.*(+%&/.&1
$, 8",’36 5$ ,$* ">+""’ [M );X06 A7$(’
3%’’", /++"&"./*($, $. 8./)(,-6
)35*B2 *0" 9."33%." 2/&&3 8"&$# b 8/.<
’$ ,$* ’.(7" /,1 2%.*0".R *0" 4(> q ]$
/%*$;/*(+ N%(+) *1." ."9/(. )(* +/,,$*
-%/./,*"" 3%(*/8&" 3"/&(,- 8"+/%3" *0"
*1." (3 *$$ ’/;/-"’6 E$,*/+* / 4(/*
5"/&".30(96
)3)*A&#/13 (,’(+/*" *0/* *0" *1." #/3
."9/(."’ %3(,- *0" N%(+) *1." ."9/(. )(*6
](7" *0" &"/2&"* *$ *0" 9".3$,,"& +0/.-"’
#(*0 0/,’&(,- *0" *1." *."/*"’ #(*0 *0" *1."
."9/(. )(*6
)3-*B2 ’(22".",* *1."3 2.$; *0" $,"3
3%99&("’ #(*0 *0" 7"0(+&" /." %3"’< (* ;/1
,$* 8" 9$33(8&" *$ +/..1 $%* *0" ."9/(.6 B2
*0" *1."3 /." ."9&/+"’< (* (3 /’7(3/8&" *$
%3" *0$3" /99.$7"’ 81 *0" ;/,%2/+*%.".6
E$,3%&* / 4(/* 5"/&".30(96
!"#$%&’(&
00*B, *0" "7",* $2 / 9%,+*%." +/%3"’ 81
2$."(-, 8$’("3< *0" )(* ;/1 8" %3"’ *$
."9/(. *1."3 30$#(,- ’/;/-" $, *0" *."/’
$. 30$%&’". %9 *$ ;/>6 c ;; ’(/;"*".6
!"#$%&’(&
/*P"9&/+" *0" 8$**&" (2 *0" 3"/&/,* 0/3
">9(."’6 5(39$3" $2 *0" 8$**&" /,’ *0"
3"/&/,* 9.$9".&16 :/7" *0"; ’(39$3"’
$2 (, +$;9&(/,+" #(*0 ,/*($,/& /,’ &$+/&
."-%&/*($,36
"5"!3"0)-
(%#!%’03
]$ *$ / 4(/* 5"/&".30(9 (;;"’(/*"&1 (2
#/.,(,- &(-0*
+$;"3 $, 3*"/’1 $,
*0" (,3*.%;",* 9/,"&6
M+56 (%#!%’03
B2 *0" 8/**".1 (3 2&/*< (* (3 9$33(8&" *$ 3*/.*
*0" ",-(," %3(,- /, /%>(&(/.1 8/**".1
#(*0 *0" 3/;" +/9/+(*1 $. / &(**&" 0(-0".
*0/, *0" 2&/* $,"6
B* (3 /’7(3/8&" *$ +$,*/+* / 4(/*
5"/&".30(9 *$ +0"+)X."9&/+" *0"
8/**".16
QTXR
"!!>Q2SXYQ
Page 187 of 288
W.$+""’ /3 2$&&$#3 *$ 3*/.* *0" 7"0(+&"R
&(2* *0" 2&/9 UAV 2(-6 a__ *$ /++"33 *0"
9$3(*(7" 8/**".1 *".;(,/& +$,,"+*($,6
+$,,"+* *0" 9$3(*(7" *".;(,/&3 Um
;/.) ,"/. *0" *".;(,/&V $2 *0" *#$
8/**".("3 %3(,- / 3%(*/8&" +/8&"?
%3" / 3"+$,’ &"/’ *$ +$,,"+* *0"
,"-/*(7" *".;(,/& U V $2 *0" /%>(&(/.1
8/**".1 *$ *0" "/.*0 9$(,* /3 30$#, (,
2(-6 a_a?
3*/.* *0" ",-(,"?
#0", *0" ",-(," 0/3 8"", 3*/.*"’<
.";$7" *0" +/8&"3 ."7".3(,- *0" $.’".
/8$7"6
"!">Q2SXYW
B2 /2*". / 2"# /**";9*3 *0" ",-(," ’$"3
,$* 3*/.*< ’$ ,$* 9".3(3* 8%* +$,*/+* *0"
,"/."3* 4(/* 5"/&".30(96
BOWIP@AJ@ 5$ ,$* ’(."+*&1 +$,,"+*
*0" ,"-/*(7" *".;(,/&3 $2 *0" *#$
8/**".("3R 39/.)3 +$%&’ (-,(*" ">9&$3(7"
-/3 ."&"/3"’ 2.$; *0" 8/**".16 B2 *0"
/%>(&(/.1 8/**".1 (3 (,3*/&&"’ $, /,$*0".7"0(+&"< /7$(’ /,1 ;"*/& 9/.*3 $, *0"
&/**". /,’ *0" 7"0(+&" #(*0 *0" 2&/*
8/**".1 2.$; /++(’",*/&&1 +$;(,- (,*$
+$,*/+*6
1+56 (%#!%’03
J"7". 8%;9 3*/.* *0" ",-(," 81
9%30(,-< *$#(,- $. ’.(7(,- ’$#,0(&&6
@0(3 +$%&’ +/%3" 2%"& *$ 2&$# (,*$ *0"
+/*/&1*(+ +$,7".*". /,’ ’/;/-" (*
8"1$,’ ."9/(.6
+’%(!(,
)3.*@0(3 3*/.*(,- 9.$+"’%." ;%3* 8"
9".2$.;"’ 81 ">9".* 9".3$,,"& 8"+/%3"
(,+$.."+* /+*($,3 +$%&’ +/%3" "&"+*.(+/&
’(3+0/.-" $2 +$,3(’"./8&" (,*",3(*16
4%.*0".;$."< 8/**".1 2&%(’ (3 9$(3$,$%3
/,’ +$..$3(7"R /7$(’ +$,*/+* #(*0 3)(, /,’
"1"36 \""9 ,/)"’ 2&/;"3 /,’ &(-0*"’
+(-/."**"3 /#/1 2.$; *0" 8/**".1 /,’ ’$
,$* +/%3" 39/.)36
1#%%"!-
!")&#!3’03
BOWIP@AJ@ @0" 8/**".1 ."+0/.-(,-
9.$+"’%." (3 -(7", /3 (,2$.;/*($, $,&16
@$ +/..1 $%* *0(3 $9"./*($, +$,*/+* /
4(/* 5"/&".30(96
BOWIP@AJ@ A2*". 3"**(,- *0" (-,(*($,
’"7(+" *$ D@IW /,’ 0/7(,- +&$3"’
*0" ’.(7". 3(’" ’$$.< #/(* /* &"/3*
$," ;(,%*" 8"2$." ’(3+$,,"+*(,- *0"
"&"+*.(+/& 3%99&1 2.$; *0" 8/**".16 !0",
."+$,,"+*(,- *0" "&"+*.(+/& 3%99&1 *$
*0" 8/**".1< ;/)" 3%." *0/* *0" (-,(*($,
’"7(+" (3 (, *0" D@IW 9$3(*($, /,’ *0"
’.(7". 3(’" ’$$. (3 +&$3"’6
BOWIP@AJ@ E0/.-(,- 30$%&’ 8"
3&$# /* / &$# /;9"." ./*(,- 2$.
/99.$>(;/*"&1 ac 0$%.36 E0/.-(,- 2$. /
&$,-". *(;" ;/1 ’/;/-" *0" 8/**".16
BOWIP@AJ@ @0" +/8&"3 $2 *0"
"&"+*.(+/& 313*"; ;%3* 8" +$.."+*&1
."+$,,"+*"’ *$ *0" 8/**".1< (6"6 *0"
9$3(*(7" +/8&" UmV *$ *0" 9$3(*(7"
*".;(,/& /,’ *0" ,"-/*(7" +/8&" U V
*$ *0" ,"-/*(7" *".;(,/&6 @0" 8/**".1
*".;(,/&3 /." ;/.)"’ #(*0 *0" 9$3(*(7"
UmV /,’ ,"-/*(7" U V 31;8$&3< /,’
/." 30$#, $, *0" 8/**".1 +$7".6
@0" 8/**".1 *".;(,/&3 ;%3* /&3$ 8"
+$..$3($,T2."" /,’ 2(.;&1 3"+%."’ *$
Page 188 of 288
BJ AJ FOFP]FJE=
*0" *".;(,/&36 B2 / gN%(+)T*19"g 8/**".1
+0/.-". (3 %3"’ #(*0 *0" 8/**".1 2(**"’
$, *0" 7"0(+&"< ’(3+$,,"+* 8$*0 8/**".1
&"/’3 8"2$." +$,,"+*(,- (*6 5$ ,$*
%3" / gN%(+)T*19"g 8/**".1 +0/.-". *$
9.$7(’" *0" 3*/.*(,- 7$&*/-"6
QTURQTYR
4"!(’.0( /’%&.+%
(%#!%a(%.6 (-(%"5
@$ ."+0/.-"< 9.$+""’ /3 2$&&$#3R
’(3+$,,"+* *0" *".;(,/& 2.$; *0"
,"-/*(7" 8/**".1 9$&"?
+$,,"+* *0" +0/.-". +/8&"3 *$ *0"
8/**".1 *".;(,/&3< $83".7(,- *0"
9$&/.(*1?
*%., $, *0" 8/**".1 +0/.-".?
#0", (* (3 ."+0/.-"’< *%., *0" +0/.-".
$22 8"2$." ’(3+$,,"+*(,- (* 2.$; *0"
8/**".1?
."+$,,"+* *0" *".;(,/& *$ *0"
,"-/*(7" 8/**".1 9$&"6
4"!(’.0( /’%&
(%#!%a(%.6 (-(%"5
@$ ."+0/.-"< 9.$+""’ /3 2$&&$#3R
’(3+$,,"+* *0" +$,,"+*$. UAV
U9."33(,- *0" 8%**$, UCVV 2.$; *0"
3",3$. UEV ;$,(*$.(,- *0" 8/**".1
+$,’(*($,3< $, *0" ,"-/*(7" 9$&" U5V $2
*0" 8/**".1?
+$,,"+* *0" 9$3(*(7" +/8&" $2 *0"
8/**".1 +0/.-". *$ *0" 9$3(*(7" 8/**".1*".;(,/& UFV /,’ *0" ,"-/*(7" +/8&" U4V
*$ 3",3$. *".;(,/& /3 30$#, (, 2(-6 a_b?
*%., $, *0" +0/.-".?
/* *0" ",’ $2 *0" +0/.-(,- 9.$+"33<
3#(*+0 *0" 8/**".1 +0/.-". $22?
/2*". 0/7(,- ’(3+$,,"+*"’ *0" 8/**".1
+0/.-".< ."+$,,"+* +$,,"+*$. UAV *$ *0"
3",3$. UEV /3 30$#, 2(-6 a_b6
"!#>Q2SWQV
+’%(!(,
)3/*C/**".1 2&%(’ (3 9$(3$,$%3 /,’
+$..$3(7"R /7$(’ +$,*/+* #(*0 1$%. 3)(, /,’
"1"36 @0" 8/**".1 30$%&’ 8" +0/.-"’ (, /
#"&& 7",*(&/*"’ 9&/+"< /#/1 2.$; ,/)"’
2&/;"3 $. 9$33(8&" 3$%.+"3 $2 39/.)3R
’/,-". $2 ">9&$3($, /,’ 2(."6
)30*5$ ,$* /**";9* *$ ."+0/.-" / 2.$S",
8/**".1R 2(.3* (* ;%3* 8" *0/#"’< $*0".#(3"
*0"." (3 / .(3) $2 ">9&$3($,6 B2 2.""S(,- 0/3
$++%.."’< *0" 8/**".1 30$%&’ 8" +0"+)"’
81 39"+(/&(3"’ *"+0,(+(/,3 *$ ;/)" 3%."
*0/* *0" (,*".,/& "&";",*3 /." ,$* ’/;/-"’
/,’ *0/* *0" 8$’1 (3 ,$* +./+)"’< #(*0 *0".(3) $2 &"/)(,- 9$(3$,$%3 /,’ +$..$3(7"
/+(’6
*+", )+%P.**
(/’%)&
@0" 7"0(+&" (3 2(**"’ #(*0 / 3/2"*1 3#(*+0
*0/*< (, *0" "7",* $2 / +./30< +$;"3
(,*$ $9"./*($, 81 +%**(,- $22 *0" 2%"&
3%99&1 /,’ *%.,(,- $22 *0" ",-(," /3 /
+$,3"N%",+"6
!0", *0" (,".*(/ 3#(*+0 +%*3 (,< (* +%*3
$22 *0" 2%"& 3%99&1 /,’ /&3$ /+*(7/*"3
*0" 0/S/.’ #/.,(,- &(-0*3< 3(’" &(-0*3
/,’ +$%.*"31 &(-0*3 #0(&" ."&"/3(,- /&&
*0" ’$$.3 /,’ ’(39&/1(,- *0" ."&"7/,*
;"33/-"? *0"1 /." ’"/+*(7/*"’ 81
9."33(,- 8%**$, UAV6 B, *0" 7".3($,3
#0"." 9.$7(’"’< *0"." (3 /&3$ / 3/2"*1
."&/1 *0/* /+*(7/*"3 (, *0" "7",* $2
(;9/+* *$ +%* $22 *0" "&"+*.(+/& 3%99&16
B, *0(3 #/1< 2%"& #/3*/-" (3 9."7",*"’
2$&&$#(,- 8."/)/-" $2 *0" &(,"3 /,’ /&3$
*0" 2$.;/*($, $2 "&"+*.(+/& 39/.)3 $.
’(3+0/.-"3 /2*". ’/;/-" *$ *0" 7"0(+&"
"&"+*.(+/& +$;9$,",*36
QT[RQT\R
BOWIP@AJ@ A2*". /, /++(’",*<
.";";8". *$ .";$7" *0" )"1 2.$; *0"
(-,(*($, ’"7(+" *$ /7$(’ ’./(,(,- *0"
8/**".16 B2 ,$ 2%"& &"/)3 $. ’/;/-" *$
"&"+*.(+/& ’"7(+"3 $2 *0" 7"0(+&" U"6-6
0"/’&(-0*3V /." ’"*"+*"’ /2*". *0"
Page 189 of 288
(;9/+* /,’ *0" 7"0(+&" (3 /8&" *$ 3"*
$22 /-/(,< ."/+*(7/*" *0" /%*$;/*(+ 2%"&
+%*T$22 3#(*+06
0"’()$57D(4"C&"=<&(_)CC’65(<4
W."33 *0" 8%**$, *$ ."/+*(7/*" *0" 2%"&
+%*T$22 3#(*+0 UAV 2(-6 a_c6
"!$>Q2SST[
+’%(!(,
)31*B2< /2*". / +./30< 1$% 3;"&& 2%"& $.
,$*(+" &"/)3 2.$; *0" 2%"& 3%99&1 313*";<
’$ ,$* ."3"* *0" 3#(*+0 *$ /7$(’ 2(." .(3)6
)32*C"2$." ."/+*(7/*(,- *0" 2%"& +%*T$22
3#(*+0< +/."2%&&1 +0"+) 2$. 2%"& &"/)3 $.
’/;/-" *$ *0" 7"0(+&" "&"+*.(+/& ’"7(+"3
U"6-6 0"/’&(-0*3V6
#+%.5#%’)
%!#0(5’((’.0
3"#! ,"4"!
!","#("
B, *0" "7",* $2 / 2/(&%."< *$ ;$7" *0"
-"/. &"7". 2.$; W UW/.)V< 9.$+""’ /3
2$&&$#3R
*%., $22 *0" ",-(," /,’ /99&1
*0" 9/.)(,- 8./)"? &(2* *0" -/(*".
%9#/.’3 /,’ ."&"/3" *0" *.(; 2.$; *0"
’/308$/.’ 2(-6 a_K *$ /++"33 8%**$,
UAV6
9."33 /,’ 0$&’ ’$#, *0" 8./)" 9"’/&
2%&&1? 9."33 /,’ 0$&’ ’$#, *0" ."&"/3"
8%**$, UAV< 8.(,-(,- *0" -"/. &"7". *$ *0"
J U,"%*./&V 9$3(*($,?
."2(* *0" -"/. &"7". *.(; +$.."+*&16
"!%>Q2SU[T
Page 190 of 288
BJ AJ FOFP]FJE=
2"- !","#("
#+%.5#%’)
%!#0(5’((’.0
Y[R
@0" (-,(*($, )"1 U2$. 7".3($,3 #(*0
)"1 #(*0$%* .";$*" +$,*.$&V +/, 8"
.";$7"’ $,&1 (2 *0" -"/. &"7". (3 (,
9$3(*($, W UW/.)V6
B2 *0" 7"0(+&" 8/**".1 (3 2&/* /,’ *0"
(-,(*($, )"1 (3 ",-/-"’< *0" &/**". (3
&$+)"’ (, 9$3(*($,6
@$ .";$7" *0" )"1 ;/,%/&&1< 9.$+""’
/3 2$&&$#3R
3*$9 *0" 7"0(+&" (, 3/2" +$,’(*($,3<
",-/-" / -"/. /,’ *0" "&"+*.(+ 9/.)(,-
8./)"?
%3(,- *0" )"1 UAV 2(-6 a_‘9.$7(’"’
U&$+/*"’ (, *0" +$,*/(,". #(*0 *0"
7"0(+&" ’$+%;",*3V< %,’$ *0" 2(>(,-
3+."#3 UCV 2(-6 a_f $2 *0" &$#". *.(; UEV?
"!&>Q2SU\\
"!’>Q2SU\S
.";$7" *0" &$#". 3*"".(,- +$&%;,
*.(; UEV ."&"/3(,- (* 2.$; (*3 0$%3(,-?
9%&& */8 U5V 2(-6 a_[ ’$#,#/.’3
%3(,- $," 0/,’ /,’ #(*0 *0" $*0". $,"
.";$7" *0" )"1< 3&(’(,- (* $%*#/.’3?
"!(>Q2SU[V
$,+" *0" )"1 0/3 8"", .";$7"’< ."2(*
*0" &$#". *.(; UEV 2(-6 a_f< ;/)" 3%."
(* &$+)3 +$.."+*&1 /,’ 2%&&1 *(-0*", *0"
2(>(,- 3+."#3 UCV6
!"#$%&’(&
01*B* (3 /’7(3/8&" *$ +$,*/+* / 4(/*
5"/&".30(9 *$ 0/7" *0" ."2(**(,- 9.$+"’%."
+/..("’ $%*6 B2 1$% #$%&’ &()" *$ 9.$+""’
/%*$,$;$%3&1< 39"+(/& /**",*($, ;%3*
8" 9/(’ *$ *0" +$.."+* +$%9&(,- $2 *0"