engine LAMBORGHINI MURCIÉLAGO 2009 Service Manual PDF
Page 253 of 1173
1
L824 01 15 03
Fig.1
A
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.
7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
A) Oil pump chain 3 U H U H T X L V L W H V •
Heads removed (010303).
• Timing system cover removed (019003).
Oil pump chain
1. Unscrew the two bolts with washer ( A-Fig.1) and remove the oil pump chain tightener.
2. Unscrew the bolt that secures the toothed wheel to the oil pump and remove the chain from the engine pinion.
3. Check the chain, oil pump reel and engine pinion conditions; replace the oil pump reel unscrewing the bolt and
locking it.
7 K H S U H V H Q W V H F W L R Q F R Q W D L Q V W K H I R O O R Z L Q J G L V D V V H P E O \ V H T X H Q F H V A) Oil pump chain % 2 L O S X P S
Page 255 of 1173
1
L824 01 15 05
Fig.1
A
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.
7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
7 K H S U H V H Q W V H F W L R Q F R Q W D L Q V W K H I R O O R Z L Q J D V V H P E O \ V H T X H Q F H V A) Oil pump chain % 2 L O S X P S Oil pump chain
1.
Assemble the chain on the oil pump crown gear and the engine pinion.
2. Assemble the oil pump (with chain) reel by tightening the relative bolt.
% R O W D W W D F K P H Q W W L J K W H Q L Q J W R U T X H F
3. Insert the oil pump chain tightener and tighten the two bolts with washer ( $ ) L J ).
Page 259 of 1173
3
L824 01 16 03
Fig.5 Fig.6
D
(
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
4. Completely unscrew the variable valve timing bolts.
5. Remove the two variable valve timing mechanisms and appropriately secure the upper timing chain ( ( ) L J ).
1 2 7 (
DO NOT MOVE THE ENGINE after removing the variable valve timing mechanisms.
3.
Disassemble the hydraulic tightener ( D-Fig.5).
Page 261 of 1173
2
L824 01 16 05
Fig.3
A
B1B2
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
B. $ V V H P E O L Q J W K H Y D U L D E O H Y D O Y H W L P L Q J P H F K D Q L V P
1 2 7 (
DO NOT MOVE THE ENGINE until the variable valve timing mechanisms have been completely
assembled.
) R U H D F K F \ O L Q G H U E D Q N
1. Insert the two variable valve timing mechanisms and appropriately secure the upper timing chain ( A-Fig.3).
1 2 7 (
Be careful to correctly assemble the intake ( B1-Fig.3) and exhaust ( B2-Fig.3) variable valve timing
mechanisms: the position of the variable valve timing mechanism is engraved on the mechanisms
themselves.
Page 264 of 1173
2
L824 01 17 00
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
CircuitDry pan lubrication system with radiator and pressure regulator
Oil pump Integrated in the crankcase and controlled by independent chain
Oil radiator Single, separate Circuit pressure with hot engine (90°C)
– at 1,000 RPM 1.5 – 2.5 [bars]
– at 6,000 RPM 5 – 7 [bars]
Page 265 of 1173
3
L824 01 17 00
Fig.2
A
B
C
D
EF
G
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
5 H F \ F O L Q J 6 \ V W H P ) R U * D V & R P L Q J ) U R P 7 K H & U D Q N F D V H % O R Z E \
The system checks the crankcase gas emissions which are a mixture of air, fuel vapors and exhaust gas that seep out from the piston rings, andlubrication oil vapors which are sucked back and burnt by the engine.
The gas emissions rise from the crankcase to the cylinder head, are conveyed in ducts to the upper cylinder of the
engine oil tank (1). This cylindercontains an oil vapor separator; the condensed liquid part falls in the tank; the vapors are suctioned: •In the left intake manifold when the engine is running with low load;
• 8 S V W U H D P R I W K H D L U ¿ O W H U Z K H Q W K H H Q J L Q H L V U X Q Q L Q J Z L W K K L J K O R D G
2 L O Y D S R U U H F L U F X O D W L R Q ) L J
A. Engine oil tank
B. Oil vapor output pipes from the right cylinder head
C. Oil vapor output pipes from the left cylinder head
D. Vapor suction pipe to left manifold
E. $ L U ¿ O W H U
F. 9 D S R U V X F W L R Q S L S H W R O H I W D L U ¿ O W H U
G. Oil vapor separator
Page 267 of 1173
1
L824 01 17 04
Fig.1 Fig.2
A
DCB
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.
7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
6 L H Y H ¿ O W H U F O H D Q L Q J L Q W K H R L O W D Q N
( Q J L Q H R L O P X V W E H S U H Y L R X V O \ D Q G F R P S O H W H O \ G U D L Q H G
The ¿ O W H U U H S O D F H P H Q W P X V W E H F O H D Q H G H Y H U \ R L O F K D Q J H V
and anyway always after the engine oil
K D V E H H Q F R Q W D P L Q D W H G E \ I R U H L J Q À X L G V D Q G R U P D W H U L D O V
• Remove LH rear wheel.
• Remove LH rear fender apron front part.
• Remove the battery.
• Disconnect the hose ( % ) L J I U R P W K H V L H Y H ¿ O W H U & ) L J ).
• 5 H P R Y H W K H V L H Y H ¿ O W H U & ) L J ) and clean it by means of solvent and compressed air.
• , Q V W D O O W K H V L H Y H ¿ O W H U L Q W K H R L O W D Q N $ ) L J ) inserting a new copper washer ( ' ) L J ): tighten by hand as
necessary.
• Clean the hose ( % ) L J F R X S O L Q J J D V N H W D Q G W K H Q F R Q Q H F W L W W R W K H V L H Y H ¿ O W H U & ) L J ) tightening it by hand
as necessary.
Page 269 of 1173
1
L824 01 17 07
Fig.1
B
Fig.2
A
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.
7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
Replacing the engine oil
1.
Lift the vehicle on the car lift (000000).
2. When the engine is hot (oil temperature > 70°C), unscrew the plug ( A-Fig.1) and allow the oil to drain out of the
oil tank drain hole: then clean the plug and tighten it. 7 R U T X H G H .
3. Unscrew the two plugs ( B-Fig.2) on the oil pan and allow the oil left in the engine to drain out: then clean the
plugs and tighten them.
Page 270 of 1173
1
L824 01 17 08
Fig.1
A
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.
7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
7 2 3 3 , 1 * 8 3 7 + ( ( 1 * , 1 ( 2 , /
: K H Q D G G L Q J R L O G R Q R W D O O R Z L W W R F R P H L Q W R F R Q W D F W Z L W K K R W H Q J L Q H S D U W V ) L U H K D ] D U G
The oil level check must be carried out when the motor is hot, with an oil temperature between 70 and 90°C.
1) Bring the engine to idle speed and keep it there for 5 minutes to avoid every strategy that can bring the engine to run higher after a start up.
2) Be sure that the engine runs to the nominal idle speed (960 rpm ± 50 rpm) and keep it there for 60 seconds.
3) Turn off the engine.
4) Check the oil level within 30 seconds after turning off the engine.
The level must be between (± 5 mm) the MIN and MAX marks on the dipstick ( A-Fig.1).
, P S R U W D Q W • 7 K H G L I I H U H Q F H L Q W K H D P R X Q W R I R L O E H W Z H H Q W K H O H Y H O F R U U H V S R Q G L Q J W R W K H 0 , 1 D Q G 0 $ ; P D U N V
is about 1.4 liters.
• 7 K H R L O O H Y H O V K R X O G E H W R S S H G X S X V L Q J W K H V D P H E U D Q G D Q G W \ S H R I R L O D V W K H R L O F R Q W D L Q H G L Q
W K H R L O S D Q , I W K L V L V Q R W S R V V L E O H E H V X U H W R X V H D Q R L O Z L W K H T X L Y D O H Q W V S H F L ¿ F D W L R Q V
Page 271 of 1173
2
L824 01 17 08
Fig.2
A
® Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.
7 K H L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Q G S U R F H G X U H V S X E O L V K H G E H O R Z D U H V W U L F W O \ F R Q ¿ G H Q W L D O D Q G H [ F O X V L Y H O \ I R U W K H / D P E R U J K L Q L ' H D O H U 1 H W Z R U N D Q G $ X W K R U L ] H G 6 H U Y L F H 3 R L Q W V $ O O F R S \ U L J K W V D U H S U R S H U W \ R I $ X W R P R E L O L
/ D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $ E D V H G R Q F R S \ U L J K W O D Z $ O O R I W K H 3 ' ) F K D S W H U V L Q W K H : ( % Z R U N V K R S P D Q X D O V G H V F U L E H G E H O R Z D U H E D V H G R Q L Q I R U P D W L R Q D Y D L O D E O H D W W K H W L P H R I S X E O L F D W L R Q 7 K H F R P S D Q \ U H V H U Y H V
W K H U L J K W W R P D N H X S G D W H V D Q G P R G L ¿ F D W L R Q V 7 K H I R O O R Z L Q J D U H S U R K L E L W H G U H S U L Q W L Q J U H S U R G X F W L R Q I R U Z D U G L Q J W R X Q D X W K R U L ] H G S H R S O H D Q G R U W K L U G S D U W L H V D Q G W U D Q V O D W L R Q L Q F O X G L Q J S D U W L D O Z L W K R X W
Z U L W W H Q D X W K R U L ] D W L R Q I U R P $ X W R P R E L O L / D P E R U J K L Q L 6 S $
) , / / , 1 *
The total amount of oil to be placed in the engine is: •
O L W H U V “ O L W H U V L I W K H R L O ¿ O W H U L V D O V R U H S O D F H G
• 13 liters ± O L W H U V L I W K H R L O ¿ O W H U L V Q R W U H S O D F H G
1. Remove the dipstick cap on the oil tank ( A-Fig.2 ¿ O O Z L W K O L W H U V R I R L O D Q G U H S O D F H W K H F D S
2. Start the engine and let it run at idle speed for 60 seconds.
7 X U Q R I I W K H H Q J L Q H D Q G D G G W K H U H P D L Q L Q J O L W H U V O L W H U V L I W K H R L O ¿ O W H U L V Q R W U H S O D F H G
4. Start the engine at idle speed, wait for the oil pressure light to go off and then warm up the engine (engine oil temperature above 70°C).
5. & K H F N W K H R L O O H Y H O X V L Q J W K H V S H F L ¿ H G S U R F H G X U H , I W K H H V W D E O L V K H G R L O O H Y H O Z D V Q R W U H D F K H G D G G R U U H P R Y H R L O
and repeat point 4 to achieve the required level.
, P S R U W D Q W
, I W K H F D U W U L G J H R L O ¿ O W H U L V U H S O D F H G F K H F N W K D W W K H U H D U H Q R O H D N V I U R P W K H J D V N H W R Q W K H E R G \ R I W K H ¿ O W H U ¶ V V X S S R U W W K H ¿ O W H U ¶ V U X E E H U V X U I D F H P X V W E H O X E U L F D W H G Z L W K H Q J L Q H R L O E H I R U H W L J K W H Q L Q J L W E \ K D Q G