transaxle MITSUBISHI 3000GT 1995 2.G Owner's Manual

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine ENGINE ELECTRICAL - Ignition Svstem
(UP TO 1995 MODELS)CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
IGNITION SWITCH(IG1)
B-W
1CHARGING33-W 70
J/B0
t15A
(c-71)5
2B-Y
2B-W
WEDETECTION
CONNECTOR
\I/1. c5L-R,,2
(F)1.25L-B;,lI'(F>1.25L-Y J,4
(FlPR-W : 3
CAPACITOR
(B-15)(F)2B-W
,x6 ,J3,_12=r------------------ -----,,ll (B-22)
iI -,\ I\,\,\IGNITION' ""TL 1-4IGNITION
COIL 2-5
i
IGNITION
COIL 3-6
1
(F)E_________-----------_----1532'1(8-21)(F)W
101;; (C-54)
r-,58 (c-90) A
1o23-----------ll(c-52)
I/ AAAA
SPARK"PLUG
INPUT SIGNAL
&i&AND
1. 251
!I
~~$yqppQ.INTAKE AIRgE;g;EATUREsiKz&G
'&$AT~~;HER'C
k-_""_---- 52~1. (CTP) SWITCH.CRANKSHAFT
3.CAMSHAFTPOSITION SENSOR
B-G 104g2
I
if;INE CONTROLPOSITION SENSOR*TRANSAXLE
.KNOCK SENSORCONTROL MODULE
2 (A-18)
.VOLUME AIR.ENGINE COOLANT
FLOW SENSOR$~~~~~ATURE
0
NOTEIGNITION TIMING:l:TURBO,NON TURBO (CALIFORNIA)ADJUSTMENT CONNECTORx2:NON TURBO (FEDERAL)
FE) CFm) (B-14) Em3 EFZTJ(B-22)-(c-54)(c-71)
/$J$mb @f-@
ok4 Oh,
( TSB Revision1
HR03MO 1AA

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine CHASSIS ELECTRICAL - Meters and Gauges54-31
COMBINATION METERS
LREMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
76FO22200002364
NOTE
*: 1992 models
L/
:i:
- lnstiument PineI.)
2. Column cover, lower
3. Column cover, upper 1. Knee protector (Refer
G GROUP 52A4. Meter bezel
* ’5. Combination meter
Removal steps6. Adapter* (Mechanical speedometer
type) /Washer tank (Refer to GROUP
51 - Windshield Wiper and Washer.)7. Vehicles speed sensor (Electrical
Front of ve
219FOl;
speedometer type)REMOVAL SERVICE POINTS
dAbCOLUMN COVER LOWER / COLUMN COVER
UPPER REMOVAL
After the screws have been removed, remove the covers,while making sure not to break the grippers.
dB, ADAPTER REMOVAL <Mechanical Speedometer
TYP-
(1) Disconnect the speedometer cable at the transaxle
end of the cable.
(2) Pull the speedometer cable slightly toward the vehicleinterior, release the lock by turning the adaptor to
the left or right, and then remove the adapter.
Adapter-Y16FO129],
) TSB RevisionI

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine ALPHABETICAL INDEX1
A
iiABSPOWER RELAY, Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . .
35-82-lRELAY.............................................35-110-1SIGNAL, On-vehicle Inspection.................13A-176,277-iACCELERATOR
CABLE..............................................
17-4-l
SWITCH
<Automatic Transaxle>...............................23-51-l
<Engine and Emission Control>........................17-4-l
ACTIVE AERO SYSTEM, Check.........................
51-7-l
ACTIVE EXHAUST
CONTROL UNIT, On-vehicle Inspection..........13A-173,274-lSYSTEM............................................15-40-l
AERO PARTS........................................51-19-lAIR BAG..........................................520-74-lMODULE......................................528-82, 87-lAIR CLEANER.........................................15-9-l
ELEMENT, Maintenance..............................00-45-lAIR CONDITIONING...................................55-3-l
<Full Auto A/C>.....................................55-54-l
<Manual A/C>.......................................55-6-lCOMPRESSOR<Full Auto A/C>.....................................55-79-l<ManualA&......................................55-39 .I
COMPRESSOR DRIVE BELT, Adjustment...............
55-18-lCONTROL PANEL...................................55-73-lCONTROL UNIT.....................................55-73-lENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SWITCHEngine Cooling.....................................14-13-l<Full Auto A/C>.....................................55-79-l<Manual A/C>......................................55:53-lPOWER RELAY.....................................55-29-lPOWER TRANSISTOR...............................55-74-lSWITCH............................................55-33 -1Emission Control....................................17-65-lOn-vehicle inspection.........................13A-123,236-lANTENNAMotor............................................54-188-11FEEDER CABLE...................................54-188-11ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM....................Refer to ABS
ASSIST LINK <AWD>..................................34-35-iAUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE.............................23-64-l
Maintenance
.........................................00-49-IAXLE
Rear
<AWD>............................................27-6-l<FWD>............................................27-2-l
HUB, Rear -&VD>
....................................
27-4-lSHAFT <AWD>......................................27-16-l
B
BALL JOINT SEALS, Maintenance. . . .
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE SENSOR
On-vehicle Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . .BASIC IDLE SPEED, Adjustment . . . . . .
BATTERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discharged, Remedy . . . . . . . . . . . .
BELT LOCK CONTROLLER . . . . . . . . .
BLOWER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BOOSTER, Clutch <AWD> . . . . . . . .BOOST METER, On-vehicle InspectionBRAKE
Parking. . . . . . . . . . ..*.............
BOOSTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .00-52-l
..........13A-91,217-l..............
13A-55-l................64-3-11................35-82-l............55-32,74-t................
55-35-l.................21-6-l.........13A-171,273-l
.................36-8-l................35-87-l................35-64-l
DISC..........................................35-93,103-l
Front, Check.......................................35-70-IRear, Check........................................35-73-lFLUID LEVEL SENSOR, Check........................35-64-l
HOSES, Maintenance.................................00-52-I
LINE................................................35-91-lLINING.............................................35-74-lPAD
Disc, Front.........................................
35-66-l
Disc, Rear.............~..................>..........35-71-lPEDAL.............................................35-84-l
Check and Adjustment......................
:........35-63-lBUMPERFront...............................................51-8-lRear...............................................51-13-l
CAMSHAFT
OIL SEALS..........................................
11-21-lPOSITION SENSOR, On-vehicle Inspection......13A-103,225-lCATALYTIC CONVERTER..............................17-71-l<Non Turbo>.......................................15-30-l
<Turbo> .
..........................................
15-33-lCD AUTO CHANGER................................54-191-11CENTER PILLAR GLASS..............................42-33-l
CENTRAL DOOR LOCKING SYSTEM...................42-49-lCHARGE AIR COOLER................................15-11-l
CHARGING SYSTEM..................................l.6-2-11CIGARETTE LIGHTER..............................54-123-k
CLOCK SPRING, SRS..............................528-74-I
CLOSED THROTTLE POSITION SWITCH
Adjustment.......................................
13A-57-lOn-vehicle Inspection.........................13A-101,223-lCLUTCH
BOOSTER OPERATING, Check <AWD>.................21-6-lCONTROL..........................................21-l O-ICOVER.............................................21-20-lDISC...............................................21-20-I
MASTER CYLINDER.................................21-14-lPEDAL..............................................21-8-lCheck and Adjustment................................21-5-l
RELEASE CYLINDER................................21-16-IVACUUM LINE cAWD>...............................21-18-I
COLUMN SWITCH..................................54-112-11COMBINATION GAUGES.............................54-33-kCOMBINATION LIGHT...............................54-106-11COMBINATION METERS.............................54-31-11COMPRESSOR CLUTCH RELAY,On-vehicle Inspection...........................13A-123,236-lCONDENSER<Full Auto A/C>.....................................55-79-l<ManualA&......................................55-46-IFAN MOTOR<Full Auto A/C>.....................................55-79-l<ManualA&......................................55-46-ICONTROL CABLE, A/T................................23-55-l
CONTROLLER, Belt Lock..............................55-32-lCONTROL UNIT
Active Exhaust, On-vehicle Inspection...........13A-173,274-lECS.............................................338-20-I
Electronic CABS>..................................35-119-l
CONTROL VALVE.....................................37B-9-l
Fuel Tank Pressure..................................13F-6-IInspection..
........................................17-65-l
CRANKSHAFT
FRONT OIL SEAL....................................
11-25-lPOSITION SENSOR, On-vehicle Inspection......13A-107,227-l
REAR QIL SEAL.....................................11-26-l

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine ALPHABETICAL INDEX3FUNCTION, Check (4WS) .
. . . . . . . . . . . .37B-5-l
GARNISHES . . . . . . . . .
GENERATOR . .
GLASSCenter Pillar .
Door.....................
Door Window, Adjustment
Liftgate . .Quarter Window.Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G SENSOR.. . . . . .
<AWD-ABS> . . .
G
.........................51-15-l........................16-12-11
.....................42-33-l.....................42-43-l......42-12-l......42-38-l......42-34-l......42-26-l....338-l 8-l.....35-117-l
H
HAZARD SWITCH..................................54-110-11
HEADLIGHT........................................54-103-11
HEADLINING.......................................52A-16-l
HEATED OXYGEN SENSOROn-vehicle Inspection.........................13A-137,247-l
HEATER..............................................55-3-l
HEATER CONTROL...................................55-30-I
HEATER UNIT........................................55-34-l
HIGH MOUNTED STOP LIGHT.......................54-107-11
HOOD...............................................42-18-lAdjustment.........................................42-11 -I
HORN.............................................54-115-11RELAY..
..........................................54-118-11
SWITCH..........................................54-118-11
HYDRAULIC UNIT CABS>.............................35-110-I
Check
.............................................35-76-lI
IDLE AIR CONTROL MOTOR (Stepper Motor Type)
On-vehicle Inspection.........................13A-153,263-l
IDLE MIXTURE, Check................................11-12-l
IDLE SPEED
Basic, Adjustment.................................13A-55-lCurb,Check........................................11-11-l
IGNITION
CABLES, Maintenance................................00-46-l
COIL, On-vehicle Inspection....................
13A-158,264-l
POWER TRANSISTOR, On-vehicle Inspection....13&158,264-l
SWITCH............................................54-6-11
SWITCH-IG, On-vehicle Inspection...............13A-65, 193-l
SWITCH-ST, On-vehicle Inspection
<A/T>......................................13A-113,230-l
<M/T>......................................13A-112,229-l
SYSTEM...........................................16-45-11
TIMING,‘Check.......................................11-9-l
IMPACT SENSORS, Front............................528-68-I
INDUCTION CONTROL VALVE POSITION SENSOROn-vehicle Inspection.........................13A-133,242-l
INJECTOR........................................13A-286-l
On-vehicle Inspection.........................
13A-144,257-l
INSTRUMENT PANEL.................................52A-5-lINTAKE
AIR TEMPERATURE SENSOR........................17-65-l
On-vehicle Inspection..........................13A-88,215-l
CHARGE PRESSURE CONTROL SYSTEM, Check.......15-7-l
INTAKE MANIFOLD...................................15-17-l
PLENUM
<Non Turbo>.......................................15-l 3-l
<Turbo>. . . . . . . . . . . . 15-l 5-l
K
KEY INTERLOCK MECHANISM....KEYLESS ENTRY SYSTEM........KICKDOWN SERVO...............KNOCK SENSOR.................On-vehicle Inspection............KNUCKLE........................
.................23-51-l.................42-52-l.................23-47-l..............13A-289-l..........
13A-125,237-l..................26-6-l
L
LASH ADJUSTERSCheck.............................................11-15-lReplacement.......................................11-l 7-l
LATCH, Door.........................................42-47-lLEFT MEMBER........................................32-8-l
LEVER, Shift<AWD>............................................22-16-l
cFWD>.............................................22-8-lLICENSE PLATE LIGHT.............................54-106-11
LIFTGATE............................................42-20-I
Adjustment.........................................42-11-l
GLASS.............................................42-38-lLIGHT
Indicator, ECS....................................338-19-IFog.............................................54-105-11Front Combination.................................54-106-11High Mounted Stop................................54-107-11License Plate.....................................54-106-11
Rear Combination.................................54-106-11Switch, Stop......................................33B-19-l
LIGHTING SYSTEM..................................54-35-11LIMITED SLIP DIFFERENTIALCheck cAWD>......................................27-l 5-l
Rear Axle, Oil Change, Maintenance...................00-52-I
CASE <AWD>.......................................27-40-I
LOOSE PANEL.......................................42-25-l
LOWER ARM
Front Suspension.................................33A-10-I
Rear Suspension<AWD>...........................................( 34-29-l
<FWD>............................................34-9-l
M
MAIN MUFFLER
<Non Turbo> . . . . . . .<Turbo>. . . . . . . . . . . .
MANUAL AIR CONDITIONING .
MANUAL TRANSAXLE<AWD> . . . . . . . . . . . .
cFWD> . . . . . . . . . . . .Maintenance. . . . .
MASTER CYLINDER . . .
Clutch . . . . . . . .
MIRROR, Door..
_. .MIXTURE CONTROL (MFI) SystemMOTOR ANTENNA.. . . .
MOTOR RELAY
CABS>, Check .MOULDINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . .MUFFLER, Main
.....................
.......
...............................................................
<Non Turbo> . . . . . . . . . . . . . :. . .<Turbo> . . . . .._.._............._._._.MUFFLER MODE CHANGEOVER SWITCHOn-vehicle Inspection . . . . . . . . _. . . . .
..........15-30-I..........
15-33-l...........55-6-l..........
22-13-l...........22-2-l..........00-48-I..........35-87-l..........21-14-l..........51-31-l..........17-70-I........54-188-11..........35-83-l..........51-15-l...........
15-30-I..........15-33-l...
13A-131,241-l

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine ALPHABETICAL INDEX0
OIL
Transmission, Replacement
eAWD>...........................................22-15- 1CFwD>............................................22-4-l
COOLER
Engine.............................................
11-36-lTransaxle..........................................23-62-lCOOLER HOSES, Transaxle..........................23-62-l
COOLER TUBES, Transaxle...........................23-62-lFILTER, Engine, Maintenance..........................00-48-l
LEVEL, Gear, Check <AWEb..........................27-14-l
LEVEL, Transmission, Check
<AWD>............................................22-15-l<FWD>.............................................22-4-lPAN................................................11-23-l
PRESSURE SWITCH, Power Steering, Check.........37A-13-l
SCREEN............................................11-23-lOPTICAL HORN LENS..............................54-106-11
P
PARK/NEUTRAL POSITION SWITCHAdjustment.........................................23-53-l
On-vehicle Inspection.........................13A-113,230-l
PARKING BRAKE......................................36-8-l
CABLE..............................................36-5-l
LEVER..............................................
36-5-lStroke Check........................................36-4-l
SWITCH, Check......................................36-4-l
POP-UP SWITCH...................................54-109-11
POSITION DETECTION SWITCH.....................338-19-l
POSITIVE CRANKCASE VENTILATION
SYSTEM, Inspection..................................
17-56-l
VALVE..............................................17-56-l
POWER STEERING
Stationary Steering Effort Check.......................37A-9-lFLUID............................................37A-10-I
GEAR BOX........................................37A-18-l
HOSES...........................................37A-33-l
OIL PRESSURE SWITCH, Check....................37A-13-l
OIL PUMP........................................37A-29-l
Pressure Test.....................................37A-12-l
PRESSURE SWITCH
On-vehicle Inspection.........................13A-121,235-l
POWER WINDOW....................................42-44-l
PROPELLER SHAFT...................................25-3-l
PROPORTIONING VALVE, Function Test.................35-65-l
PURGE CONTROL
SYSTEM, Check
<Non Turbo>.......................................17-58-l
<Turbo>...........................................17-60-lVALVE <Turbo>......................................17-64-l
PURGE PORT VACUUM, Check........................17-63-l
R
RADIATOR............................................14-5-l
CAP, Pressure Test....................................14-4-l
RADIO.............................................54-186-11
ANTI-THEFT SYSTEM..............................54-156-11
RADIO REMOTE-CONTROL.........................64-l 86-k
REAR OIL PUMP, 4WS...............................378-11-l
DISCHARGE FLOW VOLUME, Check..................378-5-l
REAR WINDOW DEFOGGER........................54-192-11
SWITCH..........................................54-203-11
REFRIGERANT
Leak Repair Procedure..............................55-28-lLINE<Full Auto A/C>.....................................55-79-l<Manual A/C>......................................55-48-lREGULATOR, Door...................................42-43-lRELEASE CYLINDER, Clutch...........................21-16-lRESISTOR...........................................55-32-lRHEOSTAT........................................64-110-11
RIGHT MEMBER.......................................32-8-l
S
SEATFront
...........................................
52A-17-lRear . ............................................52A-25-lSEAT BELT.........................................52A-26-ISELECTOR LEVER...................................23-59-l
Operation Check....................................
23-51-lSENSORBarometric Pressure..............................Refer to B
Brake Fluid Level, Check.............................35-64-l
Camshaft Position................................Refer to C
Crankshaft Position...............................Refer to CEGR Temperature................................Refer to E
Engine Coolant Temperature.......................Refer to EFrontlmpact......................................528-68-IGcACTlVE EC%
..................................338-l 8-l<AWD-ABS>.....................................35-117-l
Heated Oxygen..................................Refer to H
Induction Control Valve Position.....................
Refer to IIntake Air Temperature.............................Refer to I
Knock..........................................RefertoKSteering Angular Velocity...........................338-l 8-l
Throttle Position..................................
Refer to T
Vehicle Speed...................................Refer to V
Volume Air Flow..................................Refer to VWheelSpeed....................................Referto WSHIFT LEVER<AWD>............................................22-16-lcFWD>.............................................22-8-l
SHIFT LOCK MECHANISM, Check......................23-52-lSHOCK ABSORBER<AWD>............................................34-36-lcFWD>............................................34-13-lSOLENOIDEGR <California-Non Turbo, Turbo>...................17-70-IEGR, On-vehicle Inspection...................13A-164,269-l
Evaporative Emission Purge.......................
Refer to EFuel Pressure...................................Refer to F
Turbocharger Waste Gate.........................Refer to TSPARK PLUGMaintenance.......................................00-46-I
CABLE............................................
16-36-11SPEAKER..........................................54-187-11SPEEDOMETER CABLEReplacement<AI-I->............................................23-~-1<M/T FWDz........................................22-4-l
SPEED SENSOR, Wheel CABS>.......................35-113-l
SPEED SENSOR, Wheel, Output Voltage Measurement....35-75-lSRSMaintenance.......................................00-53-IDIAGNOSIS UNIT (SDU)............................528-71-ISTABILIZER BARFront Suspension.................................33A-12-l
Rear Suspension
<AWD>...........................................34-38-l<FWD>...........................................34-16-l

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine ALPHABETICAL INDEX5
STARTER MOTOR...................................16-23-11STARTING SYSTEM.................................16-19-11
STEERINGAngle Check.........................................37A-6-l
ANGULAR VELOCITY SENSOR.....................338-18-l
GEAR BOX, Power.................................37A-18-l
LINKAGE SEALS, Maintenance........................00-52-I
SHAFT...........................................37A-14-I
STEERING WHEEL.................................37A-14-l
Centering..........................................37A-7-l
Free Play Check
....................................37A-6-l
Return to Center Check..............................37A-9-lSTOP LIGHTHigh Mounted....................................54-107-11SWITCH..........................................338-19-ISTRUT..............................................33A-7-lSUN ROOF...........................................42-56-l
SUSPENSION
RearcAWD>...........................................34-26-l<FWD>............................................34-7-lSWITCHAccelerator......................................Refer to AAir Conditioning Engine Coolant Temperature........Refer to AClosed Throttle Position...........................Refer to CColumn..........................................54-112-11ECS.............................................33B-18-lElectrical Load...............................13A-127,238-i
Fog Light.........................................54-l 09-11Hazard..........................................54-110-11Horn.............................................54-118-11Ignition............................................54-6-11Ignition-lG........................................Refer to I
i
Ignition-ST.......................................Refer to IMuffler Mode Changeover.........................Refer to MParking Brake, Check.................................36-4-lPark/Neutral Position <AIT>.......................Refer to PPop-up..........................................54-l 09-11Position Detection.................................338-19-I
Power Steering..................................Refer to PRear Window Defogger............................54-203-11Stop Light........................................338-l 9-lT
TAPE PLAYER
ANTI-THEFT SYSTEM..........................THEFT-ALARM SYSTEM.........................THERMOSTAT..................................THROTTLE BODY..............................THROTTLE BODY (Throttle Valve Area), Cleaning...THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR..................Adjustment...................................On-vehicle Inspection..........................TIE ROD END BALL JOINT.......................TIMING BELT...................................Maintenance.................................TIRE..........................................
TRAILING ARMcAWD>......................................<FWD>......................................TRANSAXLE<An->.......................................<MiT AWD>..................:................
i:
<MfTFWDz..................................Automatic, Maintenance........................
Manual, Maintenance..........................CONTROL<AA>.......................................
.54-156-11.54-205-11. . . . .14-9-I13A-288-f13A-57-l338-l 9-l13A-57-l13A-98,221 -I. .37A-6-I. . . . .11-31-I. . . . .00-46-I. . . . . .31-4-l
34-32-l. .
34-11-I
.23-64-l22-19, 23-l
. . . . . .22-9-l.00-49-I. .
00-48-l
.23-55-l
<Mm AWD>.......................<MI-T FWD>.......................MOUNTING........................OIL COOLER.......................
OIL COOLER HOSES...............OIL COOLER TUBES................OIL SEAL <AWD>...................TRANSFER <AWD>..................TRANSMISSION
FLUID.............................
OILReplacement<AWD>..........................cFWD>..........................
TRIM...............................Door..............................TURBOCHARGER<FRONT>.........................<REAR>..........................BYPASS VALVE, Check..............SUPERCHARGING PRESSURE......WASTE GATE SOLENOIDCheck............................On-vehicle Inspection...............
U
UPPER ARM<AWD> . . . . .............................34-29-lcFWD> . . . . . .
.............................34-9-l
................22-17-l.................22-6-l.................32-5-l................23-62-l................23-62-l................23-62-l................22-16-l................22-22-l
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23-47-l
................22-15-l.................22-4-l...............52A-11-I................42-42-l
................15-20-I................15-23-l.................15-8-l.................15-6-l
.................15-8-l.........13A-169,271-l
V
VACUUM TANK <AWD>...............................21-18-IVALVE RELAY CABS>, Check..........................35-83-l
VAPOR LINE.........................................13F-8-I
VARIABLE INDUCTION CONTROL
MOTOR (DC Motor)...........................13A-174,276-l
SYSTEM, Check......................................15-5-lVEHICLE SPEED SENSORECS.............................................338-l 8-l
On-vehicle Inspection................13A-117, 119,231,233-lVENTILATION........................................55-3-l
SYSTEM, Positive Crankcase..........................17-56-lVALVE, Positive Crankcase............................17-56-lVENTILATORS (Air Inlet and Air Outlet)..................55-52-l
(Instrument Panel)...................................55-50-IVOLUME AIR FLOW SENSOR
Engine and Emission Control.........................17-65-lOn-vehicle Inspection..........................13A-85,212-l
W
..........................................
WASHERRear . . . . . . . . . .
Windshield . . . . . .
WATERPROOF FILM, DoorWATER PUMP . . . . .
WEATHERSTRIP, Drip LineWHEEL . . . .
ALIGNMENT
. . .51-28-I.51-25-l. . .42-42-l. . 14-11-l
. . . . .42-63-l. . .31-4-lFront .
.._.............................Rear<AWD> . .._..........................<FWD> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BEARING
. . . . .33A-6-l
. . . . .34-25-l. . . . . .34-5-lAdjustment . . . . . . . . . .. .
.33A-6-t
End Play Check
cFWD>. . . . . . . .27-3-L 34-6-lWHEEL SPEED SENSOR
<ABS> . .35-113-l