engine coolant NISSAN ALMERA N16 2001 Electronic Service Manual

Thermostat
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATIONNJLC0059
NLC099
+Be careful not to spill coolant over engine compartment.
Use a rag to absorb coolant.
1. Drain engine coolant. Refer to LC-43, ªChanging Engine Cool-
antº.
2. Remove exhaust manifold cover.
3. Remove water inlet.
4. Remove thermostat.
JLC300B
5. Install thermostat with jiggle valve facing upward.
+Carefully install the rubber ring to the flange of the
thermostat, making sure it does not slip out of place.
6. After installation and refilling coolant, run engine for a few
minutes, and check for leaks.
ENGINE COOLING SYSTEMYD
Thermostat
LC-40

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION=NJLC00631. Remove under cover.
2. Drain coolant by removing lower radiator hose.
3. Disconnect radiator upper and lower hoses.
4. Remove radiator shroud.
5. Disconnect reservoir tank hose.
6. Remove radiator mounting bracket.
7. Remove radiator.
8. After repairing or replacing radiator, install any part removed in
reverse order of removal.
When filling radiator with coolant, refer to LC-43, ªChanging
Engine Coolantº.
Cooling FanNJLC0064COMPONENTSNJLC0064S01
JLC347B
CONTROL SYSTEMNJLC0064S02Cooling fans are controlled by ECM. For details, refer to EC-618,
ªTROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FOR OVERHEATº.
ENGINE COOLING SYSTEMYD
Radiator (Cont'd)
LC-42

JLC295B
Changing Engine CoolantNJLC0079WARNING:
To avoid the danger of being scalded, never change the cool-
ant when the engine is hot.
Ð DRAINING ENGINE COOLANT ÐNJLC0079S011. Set air conditioning system as follows to prevent coolant from
remaining in the system.
a. Turn ignition switch ON and set temperature controller to maxi-
mum hot position.
b. Wait 10 seconds before turning ignition switch OFF.
SMA033D
2. Remove lower radiator hose, and remove radiator filler cap to
drain coolant.
3. Remove reservoir tank, drain coolant, then clean reservoir
tank.
+Be careful not to allow coolant to contact drive belts.
4. Cover the exhaust tube heat shield to prevent from splashing
coolant.
JLC429B
YLC026
5. Remove drain plug of cylinder block and air relief plug.
6. Check drained coolant for contaminants such as rust, corro-
sion or discoloration. If contaminated flush engine cooling
system, refer to LC-45, ªFLUSHING COOLING SYSTEMº.
7. Blow the coolant around the exhaust tube heat shield.
NOTE:
An asterisk (*1) in the figure means ªNot installed on some
modelsº.
JLC298B
Ð REFILLING ENGINE COOLANT ÐNJLC0079S021. Install reservoir tank, radiator drain cock or lower radiator hose
and cylinder block drain plug.
+Apply sealant to the thread of cylinder block drain plugs.
:8-11N´m(0.8 - 1.2 kg-m, 70 - 104 in-lb)
2. Fill radiator slowly with coolant until coolant spills from the air
relief plugs, then install air relief plugs.
+Location of air relief plugs
Water inlet and rear side intake manifold water tubes
3. Disconnect heater hose at engine, pour coolant into the hose
so that it flows toward the heater core.
ENGINE COOLING SYSTEMYD
Changing Engine Coolant
LC-43

+While filling, if coolant from engine side spills out, be sure to
reconnect the heater hose.
+Fill coolant to the level of the radiator cap at a rate of 2!(1-3/4
Imp qt)/min or lower.
(Close the air relief plugs in order starting with the location from
where the coolant began spilling out.)
CAUTION:
If the filling rate is too fast, this could lead to air being mixed
in the coolant. Be sure to fill the coolant slowly according to
the rate indicated above.
+Replace the copper washer of the air bleeding plug.
Air relief plug:
: 6.7 - 7.9 N´m (0.68 - 0.81 kg-m, 59 - 70 in-lb)
+Use genuine Nissan anti-freeze coolant or equivalent
mixed with water (distilled or demineralized).
SMA182B
SMA412B
Refer to MA-20, ªRECOMMENDED FLUIDS AND LUBRI-
CANTSº.
Engine coolant capacity (With reservoir tank):
8.7!(7-5/8 Imp qt)
Reservoir tank capacity:
0.7!(5/8 Imp qt)
+Pour coolant through coolant filler neck slowly to allow air
in system to escape.
4. Fill radiator and reservoir tank to specified level.
5. Warm up engine to normal operating temperature without
radiator cap installed.
+If coolant overflows radiator filler hole, install radiator cap.
6. Run engine at 3,000 rpm for 10 seconds and return to idle
speed with radiator cap installed.
+Repeat two or three times.
Watch coolant temperature gauge so as not to overheat the
engine.
7. Stop engine and cool it down.
+Cool down using a fan to reduce the time.
+If necessary, refill radiator up to filler neck with coolant.
8. Refill reservoir tank to MAX level line with coolant.
9. Repeat steps 4 through 7 two or more times with radiator cap
installed until coolant level no longer drops.
10. Check cooling system for leaks with engine running.
11. Warm up engine, and check for sound of coolant flow while
running engine from idle up to 3,000 rpm with heater tempera-
ture controller set at several positions between COOL and
HOT.
+Sound may be noticeable at heater water cock.
12. If sound is heard, bleed air from cooling system by repeating
steps 4 through 7 until coolant level no longer drops
+Clean excess coolant from engine.
ENGINE COOLING SYSTEMYD
Changing Engine Coolant (Cont'd)
LC-44

Ð FLUSHING COOLING SYSTEM ÐNJLC0079S031. Open air relief plug.
2. Fill radiator with water until water spills from the air relief hole,
then close air relief plug. Fill radiator and reservoir tank with
water and reinstall radiator cap.
3. Run engine and warm it up to normal operating temperature.
4. Rev engine two or three times under no-load.
5. Stop engine and wait until it cools down.
6. Drain water.
7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 until clear water begins to drain from
radiator.
ENGINE COOLING SYSTEMYD
Changing Engine Coolant (Cont'd)
LC-45

Radiator (Aluminum type)=NJLC0082Refer to LC-20, ªRadiator (Aluminum type)º.
Overheating Cause AnalysisNJLC0070
Symptom Check items
Cooling sys-
tem parts
malfunctionPoor heat transferWater pump malfunction Worn or loose drive belt
Ð Thermostat stuck closed Ð
Damaged finsDust contamination or
paper clogging
Mechanical damage
Clogged radiator cooling
tubeExcess foreign material
(rust, dirt, sand, etc.)
Reduced air flowCooling fan does not oper-
ate
ÐÐ High resistance to fan rota-
tion
Damaged fan blades
Damaged radiator shroud Ð Ð Ð
Improper coolant mixture
ratioÐÐÐ
Poor coolant quality Ð Ð Ð
Insufficient coolantCoolant leaksCooling hoseLoose clamp
Cracked hose
Water pump Poor sealing
Radiator capLoose
Poor sealing
RadiatorO-ring for damage, dete-
rioration or improper fit-
ting
Cracked radiator tank
Cracked radiator core
Reservoir tank Cracked reservoir tank
Overflowing reservoir tankExhaust gas leaks into
cooling systemCylinder head deteriora-
tion
Cylinder head gasket
deterioration
ENGINE COOLING SYSTEMYD
Radiator (Aluminum type)
LC-46

Symptom Check items
Except cool-
ing system
parts mal-
functionÐ Overload on engineAbusive drivingHigh engine rpm under
no load
Driving in low gear for
extended time
Driving at extremely high
speed
Powertrain system malfunc-
tion
Ð Installed improper size
wheels and tires
Dragging brakes
Improper ignition timing
Blocked or restricted air
flowBlocked bumper Ð
Ð Blocked radiator grilleInstalled car brassiere
Mud contamination or
paper clogging
Blocked radiator Ð
Blocked condenser
Ð
Installed large fog lamp
Service Data and Specifications (SDS)
THERMOSTATNJLC0071
Valve opening temperature Above 80.5 - 83.5ÉC (177 - 182ÉF)
Valve liftMore than 9.0 mm/95ÉC (0.354 in/203ÉF)
RADIATORNJLC0073Unit: kPa (bar, kg/cm2, psi)
Cap relief pressureStandard 78 - 98 (0.78 - 0.98, 0.8 - 1.0, 11 - 14)
Limit 59 - 98 (0.59 - 0.98, 0.6 - 1.0,9-14)
Leakage test pressure157 (1.57, 1.6, 23)
ENGINE COOLANT CAPACITYNJLC0080Unit:!(Imp qt)
With reservoir tank8.7 (7-5/8)
Reservoir tank0.7 (5/8)
ENGINE COOLING SYSTEMYD
Overheating Cause Analysis (Cont'd)
LC-47

CONSULT-II Reference Value in Data Monitor
Mode ........................................................................152
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................152
On Board Diagnosis Logic.......................................152
Fail-safe Mode .........................................................153
DTC Confirmation Procedure ..................................153
Wiring Diagram ........................................................154
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................155
Component Inspection .............................................157
DTC P0110 INTAKE AIR TEMPERATURE
SENSOR......................................................................158
Component Description ...........................................158
On Board Diagnosis Logic.......................................158
DTC Confirmation Procedure ..................................158
Wiring Diagram ........................................................160
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................161
Component Inspection .............................................162
DTC P0115 ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE
SENSOR (ECTS).........................................................163
Component Description ...........................................163
CONSULT-II Reference Value in Data Monitor
Mode ........................................................................163
On Board Diagnosis Logic.......................................163
Fail-safe Mode .........................................................164
DTC Confirmation Procedure ..................................164
Wiring Diagram ........................................................165
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................166
Component Inspection .............................................167
DTC P0120 THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR...........168
Component Description ...........................................168
CONSULT-II Reference Value in Data Monitor
Mode ........................................................................168
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................169
On Board Diagnosis Logic.......................................169
Fail-safe Mode .........................................................169
DTC Confirmation Procedure ..................................169
Wiring Diagram ........................................................171
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................172
Component Inspection .............................................174
DTC P0130 HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR 1
(FRONT) (CIRCUIT).....................................................176
Component Description ...........................................176
CONSULT-II Reference Value in Data Monitor
Mode ........................................................................176
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................176
On Board Diagnosis Logic.......................................177
DTC Confirmation Procedure ..................................177
Overall Function Check ...........................................178
Wiring Diagram ........................................................179
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................180
Component Inspection .............................................181DTC P0131 HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR 1
(FRONT) (LEAN SHIFT MONITORING).....................183
Component Description ...........................................183
CONSULT-II Reference Value in Data Monitor
Mode ........................................................................183
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................183
On Board Diagnosis Logic.......................................184
DTC Confirmation Procedure ..................................184
Overall Function Check ...........................................185
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................185
Component Inspection .............................................187
DTC P0132 HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR 1
(FRONT) (RICH SHIFT MONITORING)......................189
Component Description ...........................................189
CONSULT-II Reference Value in Data Monitor
Mode ........................................................................189
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................189
On Board Diagnosis Logic.......................................190
DTC Confirmation Procedure ..................................190
Overall Function Check ...........................................191
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................191
Component Inspection .............................................193
DTC P0133 HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR 1
(FRONT).......................................................................195
Component Description ...........................................195
CONSULT-II Reference Value in Data Monitor
Mode ........................................................................195
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................195
On Board Diagnosis Logic.......................................196
DTC Confirmation Procedure ..................................196
Overall Function Check ...........................................197
Wiring Diagram ........................................................198
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................199
Component Inspection .............................................201
DTC P0134 HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR 1
(FRONT) (HIGH VOLTAGE)........................................203
Component Description ...........................................203
CONSULT-II Reference Value in Data Monitor
Mode ........................................................................203
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................203
On Board Diagnosis Logic.......................................204
DTC Confirmation Procedure ..................................204
Wiring Diagram ........................................................205
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................206
Component Inspection .............................................207
DTC P0135 HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR 1
(FRONT) HEATER.......................................................209
Description ...............................................................209
CONSULT-II Reference Value in Data Monitor
Mode ........................................................................209
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................209
On Board Diagnosis Logic.......................................209
CONTENTS(Cont'd)
EC-2

CLOSED THROTTLE POSITION SWITCH
(WHERE FITTED)........................................................426
Component Description ...........................................426
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................426
Wiring Diagram ........................................................427
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................428
Component Inspection .............................................431
INTAKE VALVE TIMING CONTROL SOLENOID
VALVE..........................................................................432
Component Description ...........................................432
Operation .................................................................432
CONSULT-II Reference Value in Data Monitor
Mode ........................................................................432
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................432
Wiring Diagram ........................................................433
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................434
Component Inspection .............................................436
A/T COMMUNICATION LINE......................................437
System Description ..................................................437
Wiring Diagram ........................................................438
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................439
PARK/NEUTRAL POSITION (PNP) SWITCH............441
Component Description ...........................................441
CONSULT-II Reference Value in Data Monitor
Mode ........................................................................441
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................441
Wiring Diagram ........................................................442
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................443
INJECTOR...................................................................446
Component Description ...........................................446
CONSULT-II Reference Value in Data Monitor
Mode ........................................................................446
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................446
Wiring Diagram ........................................................447
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................448
Component Inspection .............................................450
IGNITION SIGNAL.......................................................451
Component Description ...........................................451
CONSULT-II Reference Value in Data Monitor
Mode ........................................................................451
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................451
Wiring Diagram ........................................................452
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................454
Component Inspection .............................................458
START SIGNAL...........................................................460
CONSULT-II Reference Value in Data Monitor
Mode ........................................................................460
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................460
Wiring Diagram ........................................................461
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................462
FUEL PUMP.................................................................464
System Description ..................................................464Component Description ...........................................464
CONSULT-II Reference Value in Data Monitor
Mode ........................................................................464
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................465
Wiring Diagram ........................................................466
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................467
Component Inspection .............................................469
POWER STEERING OIL PRESSURE SWITCH.........470
Component Description ...........................................470
CONSULT-II Reference Value in Data Monitor
Mode ........................................................................470
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................470
Wiring Diagram ........................................................471
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................472
Component Inspection .............................................473
REFRIGERANT PRESSURE SENSOR......................475
Description ...............................................................475
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................475
Wiring Diagram ........................................................476
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................477
ELECTRICAL LOAD SIGNAL.....................................480
CONSULT-II Reference Value in Data Monitor
Mode ........................................................................480
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................480
Wiring Diagram ........................................................481
Diagnostic Procedure - Load Signal - .....................483
Diagnostic Procedure - Heater Control Panel
(Fan Switch) - ..........................................................487
MI & DATA LINK CONNECTORS..............................488
Wiring Diagram ........................................................488
SERVICE DATA AND SPECIFICATIONS (SDS).......489
Fuel Pressure Regulator..........................................489
Idle Speed and Ignition Timing ................................489
Mass Air Flow Sensor..............................................489
Intake Air Temperature Sensor ................................489
Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor ......................489
Throttle Position Sensor ..........................................489
Heated Oxygen Sensor 1 Heater (Front) ................489
Heated Oxygen Sensor 2 Heater (Rear).................489
EGR Volume Control Valve (Where Fitted) .............490
EGR Temperature Sensor (Where Fitted) ...............490
EVAP Canister Purge Volume Control Valve ..........490
IACV-AAC Valve ......................................................490
Injector .....................................................................490
Ignition Coil with Power Transistor ..........................490
Condenser ...............................................................490
Fuel Pump ...............................................................490
Crankshaft Position Sensor (POS) ..........................491
Camshaft Position Sensor (PHASE) .......................491
CONTENTS(Cont'd)
EC-6

YD
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS - INDEX................................492
Alphabetical & P No. Index for DTC .......................492
PRECAUTIONS...........................................................494
Supplemental Restraint System (SRS)²AIR
BAG²and²SEAT BELT PRE-TENSIONER²...........494
Engine Fuel & Emission Control System ................495
Precautions ..............................................................496
Wiring Diagrams and Trouble Diagnosis .................497
PREPARATION...........................................................498
Special Service Tools ..............................................498
ENGINE AND EMISSION CONTROL OVERALL
SYSTEM.......................................................................499
Engine Control Component Parts Location .............499
Circuit Diagram ........................................................502
System Diagram ......................................................503
System Chart ...........................................................504
ENGINE AND EMISSION BASIC CONTROL
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION.............................................505
Fuel Injection Control System .................................505
Fuel Injection Timing Control System......................506
Air Conditioning Cut Control ....................................507
Fuel Cut Control (at no load & high engine
speed) ......................................................................507
Crankcase Ventilation System .................................508
BASIC SERVICE PROCEDURE.................................509
Injection Tube and Injection Nozzle ........................509
Electronic Control Fuel Injection Pump ...................513
Fuel Filter .................................................................520
ON BOARD DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM
DESCRIPTION.............................................................522
DTC and MI Detection Logic ...................................522
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) ..............................522
Malfunction Indicator (MI) ........................................523
CONSULT-II .............................................................527
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS - INTRODUCTION................532
Introduction ..............................................................532
Work Flow ................................................................534
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS - BASIC INSPECTION.........536
Basic Inspection.......................................................536
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS - GENERAL
DESCRIPTION.............................................................541
Symptom Matrix Chart .............................................541
CONSULT-II Reference Value in Data Monitor
Mode ........................................................................551
Major Sensor Reference Graph in Data Monitor
Mode ........................................................................553
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................554
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FOR INTERMITTENT
INCIDENT.....................................................................559
Description ...............................................................559
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................559TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FOR POWER SUPPLY........560
Main Power Supply and Ground Circuit ..................560
DTC P0100 MASS AIR FLOW SEN...........................566
Component Description ...........................................566
CONSULT-II Reference Value in Data Monitor
Mode ........................................................................566
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................566
On Board Diagnosis Logic.......................................566
DTC Confirmation Procedure ..................................566
Wiring Diagram ........................................................568
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................569
DTC P0115 COOLANT TEMP SEN............................572
Description ...............................................................572
On Board Diagnosis Logic.......................................572
DTC Confirmation Procedure ..................................572
Wiring Diagram ........................................................574
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................575
DTC P0120 ACCEL POS SENSOR............................577
Description ...............................................................577
CONSULT-II Reference Value in Data Monitor
Mode ........................................................................577
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................577
On Board Diagnosis Logic.......................................578
DTC Confirmation Procedure ..................................578
Wiring Diagram ........................................................579
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................580
DTC P0335 CRANK POS SEN (TDC)........................587
Description ...............................................................587
CONSULT-II Reference Value in Data Monitor
Mode ........................................................................587
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................587
On Board Diagnosis Logic.......................................587
DTC Confirmation Procedure ..................................588
Wiring Diagram ........................................................589
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................590
DTC P0500 VEHICLE SPEED SEN............................593
Description ...............................................................593
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................593
On Board Diagnosis Logic.......................................593
Overall Function Check ...........................................593
Wiring Diagram ........................................................595
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................596
DTC P0571 BRAKE SW..............................................597
Description ...............................................................597
ECM Terminals and Reference Value .....................597
On Board Diagnosis Logic.......................................597
DTC Confirmation Procedure ..................................597
Wiring Diagram ........................................................599
Diagnostic Procedure ..............................................600
DTC P1107 ECM 10....................................................604
Description ...............................................................604
On Board Diagnosis Logic.......................................604
CONTENTS(Cont'd)
EC-7