Peugeot Expert 2005 Инструкция по эксплуатации (in Russian)

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15-01-2005
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>ey [hevr_c [_ahiZk-
ghklb \k_ i_j_\habfu_
]jmau ke_^m_l lsZl_evgh
aZdj_ieylv.
5. I_jqZlhqguc ysbd beb djurdZ
ih^mrdb [_ahiZkghklb iZkkZ`bjZ*
Wlh f_klh ij_^gZagZq_gh eb[h ^ey h[mkljhc-
kl\Z \_s_\h]h ysbdZ, eb[h ^ey jZaf_s_gby
\ g_f ih^mrdb [_ahiZkghklb i_j_^g_]h iZk-
kZ`bjZ b g_[hevrh]h ehldZ ^ey f_ehqb.
6. I_jqZlhqguc ysbd
Qlh[u hldjulv djurdm i_jqZlhqgh]h ysb-
dZ gZ`fbl_ gZ jmqdm \e_\h.
< djurd_ bf__lky ^\Z m]em[e_gby ^ey
klZdZgh\, Z ysbd h[hjm^h\Zg m^_j`b\Z-
xs_c eyfdhc.
DHEVP: >EY
A:DJ?IE?GBY ;:=:@:
Q_luj_ dhevpZ ^ey aZdj_ie_gby
[Z]Z`Z b ]jmah\ jZkiheh`_gu gZ
ihem [Z]Z`gh]h hl^_e_gby.
7. Ijbdmjb\Zl_ev
8. M[bjZxsZyky i_i_evgbpZ
Qlh[u hldjulv i_i_evgbpm, ijbih^gbfbl_
djurdm b hlimklbl_ __ ; djurdZ hldjh_lky kZfZ.
Qlh[u aZdjulv __, ijbih^gbfbl_ djurdm ^h
mihjZ b ijbdjhcl_.
Qlh[u \ugmlv i_i_evgbpm ^ey hihjh`g_-
gby, hldjhcl_ __ b gZ`fbl_ ke_\Z gZ djur-
dm, aZl_f ihlygbl_ d\_jom b \ugvl_.
* < aZ\bkbfhklb hl kljZgu ihklZ\db Z\lhfh[bey.
H[hjm^h\Zgb_ kZehgZ

68 -
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69
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>ey [hevr_c [_ahiZk-
ghklb \k_ i_j_\habfu_
]jmau ke_^m_l lsZl_evgh
aZdj_ieylv.
5. I_jqZlhqguc ysbd beb djurdZ
ih^mrdb [_ahiZkghklb iZkkZ`bjZ*
Wlh f_klh ij_^gZagZq_gh eb[h ^ey h[mkljhc-
kl\Z \_s_\h]h ysbdZ, eb[h ^ey jZaf_s_gby
\ g_f ih^mrdb [_ahiZkghklb i_j_^g_]h iZk-
kZ`bjZ b g_[hevrh]h ehldZ ^ey f_ehqb.
6. I_jqZlhqguc ysbd
Qlh[u hldjulv djurdm i_jqZlhqgh]h ysb-
dZ gZ`fbl_ gZ jmqdm \e_\h.
< djurd_ bf__lky ^\Z m]em[e_gby ^ey
klZdZgh\, Z ysbd h[hjm^h\Zg m^_j`b\Z-
xs_c eyfdhc.
DHEVP: >EY
A:DJ?IE?GBY ;:=:@:
Q_luj_ dhevpZ ^ey aZdj_ie_gby
[Z]Z`Z b ]jmah\ jZkiheh`_gu gZ
ihem [Z]Z`gh]h hl^_e_gby.
7. Ijbdmjb\Zl_ev
8. M[bjZxsZyky i_i_evgbpZ
Qlh[u hldjulv i_i_evgbpm, ijbih^gbfbl_
djurdm b hlimklbl_ __ ; djurdZ hldjh_lky kZfZ.
Qlh[u aZdjulv __, ijbih^gbfbl_ djurdm ^h
mihjZ b ijbdjhcl_.
Qlh[u \ugmlv i_i_evgbpm ^ey hihjh`g_-
gby, hldjhcl_ __ b gZ`fbl_ ke_\Z gZ djur-
dm, aZl_f ihlygbl_ d\_jom b \ugvl_.
* < aZ\bkbfhklb hl kljZgu ihklZ\db Z\lhfh[bey.
H[hjm^h\Zgb_ kZehgZ

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15-01-2005
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< kemqw_ \uoh^w ba kljhy wddm-
fmeylhjghc [wlwj_b \dexq_gb_
ex[hc i_j_^wqb ba iheh`_gby P
klwg_l g_\hafh`guf.
:YLHF:LBQ?KD:Y DHJH;D:
I?J?>:Q "TIPTRONIC-SYSTEM
PORSCHE"
;ew]h^wjy q_luj_oklmi_gqwlhc Z\lhfZ-
lbq_kdhc dhjh[d_ i_j_^wq, <u fh`_l_ ih
kh[kl\_gghfm mkfhlj_gbx \u[jwlv ijh-
]jwffm jw[hlu dhjh[db : ":\lhfZlbq_-
kdmx" , "Yh`^_gb_ ih kg_]m" b "Jmqgh_
i_j_dexq_gb_ i_j_^Zq" .Iheh`_gby juqZ]Z k_e_dlhjZ
F
I_j_dexq_gb_ j_`bfh\ jw[hlu w\-
lhfwlbq_kdhc dhjh[db i_j_^wq hkm-
s_kl\ey_lky i_j_f_s_gb_f juqw]w
k_e_dlhjw.
Ijb wlhf iheh`_gb_ k_e_dlhjw bg^bpbjm-
_lky gw ijb[hjghc iwg_eb.
T : ijh]jwffw "\h`^_gb_ ih kg_]m".
P ark (klhygdw) : bkihevam_lky ^ey bkdex-
q_gby dZq_gby Z\lhfh[bey gw klhygd_
b ijb imkd_ ^\b]Zl_ey, ijb wlhf klhy-
ghqguc lhjfha fh`_l [ulv \dexq_g beb
\udexq_g.
R everse (aw^gbc oh^) : i_j_^ZqZ aZ^g_]h
oh^Z fh`_l [ulv \dexq_gw lhevdh ihke_
iheghc hklwgh\db w\lhfh[bey b ijb jw[h-
l_ ^\b]wl_ey gw ohehklhf oh^m.
N eutral (g_cljwevgwy i_j_^wqw) : bkihev-
am_lky ijb aZimkd_ ^\b]Zl_ey b ijb
klhygd_ w\lhfh[bey h^gh\j_f_ggh kh
klhyghqguf lhjfhahf.
Ijbf_qZgb_ : _keb, gwoh^ykv \ ^\b`_-
gbb, <u kemqwcgh i_j_\_eb juqw] k_-
e_dlhjw \ iheh`_gb_ N, ^wcl_ ^\b]wl_ex
k[w\blv h[hjhlu, ij_`^_ q_f \dexqblv
j_`bf D b \gh\v jwah]gwlvky.
D rive (\h`^_gb_) : ^ey \h`^_gby \ w\lh-
fwlbq_kdhf j_`bf_. M anual (jmqgh_ i_j_dexq_gb_) : ^ey \h`-
^_gby \ j_`bf_ jmqgh]h i_j_dexq_gby
i_j_^wq. >\b`_gb_ Z\lhfh[bey
Awimklbl_ ^\b]wl_ev. nlh[u gwqwlv ^\b-
`_gb_ w\lhfh[bey, dh]^w juqw] k_e_dlh-
jw gwoh^blky \ iheh`_gbb
J :
F h[yaZl_evgh gZ`fbl_ gZ i_^Zev
lhjfhaZ, i_j_^ l_f, dZd \u\_klb
juqZ] k_e_dlhjZ ba iheh`_gby J,
F i_j_\_^bl_ juqw] k_e_dlhjw \ ih-
eh`_gb_ R, D beb F b gwqbgwcl_ ih-
kl_i_ggh hlimkdwlv i_^wev lhjfhaw :
w\lhfh[bev ijb^_l \ ^\b`_gb_.
nlh[u gwqwlv ^\b`_gb_, dh]^w juqw] k_-
e_dlhjw gwoh^blky \ iheh`_gbb N :
F gw`bfwy gw lhjfhagmx i_^wev, hlim-
klbl_ klhyghqguc lhjfha,
F i_j_\_^bl_ juqw] k_e_dlhjw \ ih-
eh`_gb_ R, D beb F b gwqbgwcl_ ih-
kl_i_ggh hlimkdwlv i_^wev lhjfhaw :
w\lhfh[bev ijb^_l \ ^\b`_gb_.
YGBF:GB?
Ijb jw[hlwxs_f \ j_`bf_ ohehklh]h
oh^w ^\b]wl_e_, hlims_gguo lhjfhawo b
juqw]_ k_e_dlhjw \ iheh`_gbb R, D beb
F w\lhfh[bev fh`_l ijbclb \ ^\b`_gb_
[_a gw`wlby gw i_^wev ]waw.
Ihwlhfm g_ hklZ\eycl_ ^_l_c [_a ijb-
kfhljZ \ Z\lhfh[be_ ijb jZ[hlZxs_f
^\b]Zl_e_ .
?keb g_h[oh^bfh ijh\h^blv jw[hlu k w\-
lhfh[be_f ijb jw[hlwxs_f ^\b]wl_e_,
\dexqbl_ klhyghqguc lhjfha b i_j_\_^b-
l_ k_e_dlhj \ iheh`_gb_ J.
<h`^_gb_ w\lhfh[bey

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:\lhfZlbq_kdbc j_`bf jZ[hlu
:\lhfwlbq_kdh_ i_j_dexq_gb_
q_luj_o
i_j_^Zq :
F i_j_f_klbl_ k_e_dlhj \ iheh`_gb_ D.
ahjh[dw i_j_^wq [m^_l g_ij_ju\gh \u-
[bjwlv lm i_j_^wqm, dhlhjwy emqr_ \k_o
ijbkihkh[e_gw d mkeh\byf ^\b`_gby, \ aw-
\bkbfhklb hl jy^w iwjwf_ljh\, lwdbo dwd :
- klbev \h`^_gby,
- ijhnbev ^hjh]b,
- aw]jmadw w\lhfh[bey.
< ^wgghf kemqw_ dhjh[dw i_j_^wq [m^_l
jw[hlwlv \ w\lhw^wilb\ghf j_`bf_, [_a
dwdh]h-eb[h mqwklby k <wr_c klhjhgu.
YGBF:GB?
dbdh]^w g_ i_j_\h^bl_ k_e_dlhj i_j_-
dexq_gby j_`bfh\ \ iheh`_gb_ N, _keb
w\lhfh[bev _s_ dwlblky.
dbdh]^w g_ i_j_\h^bl_ k_e_dlhj \ ih-
eh`_gby P beb R, _keb w\lhfh[bev g_
hklwgh\e_g.
d_ i_j_dexqwcl_kv k h^gh]h j_`bfw gw
^jm]hc ^ey hilbfbawpbb lhjfh`_gby gw
kdhevadhc ^hjh]_. ?keb <u j_adh hlimkdw_l_ i_^wev wdk_-
e_jwlhjw, dhjh[dw i_j_^wq g_ i_j_dex-
qblky gw \ukrmx i_j_^wqm. tlh kem`bl
ih\ur_gbx [_ahiwkghklb.
Ijh]jZffZ "Yh`^_gb_ ih kg_]m"
Ihfbfh w\lhw^wilb\ghc ijh]jwffu \
<wr_ jwkihjy`_gb_ ij_^hklw\e_gw _s_
h^gw : "<h`^_gb_ ih kg_]m".
<u[hj ijh]jwffu ih^l\_j`^w_lky mdwaw-
l_e_f gw ijb[hjghc iwg_eb.
tlw ijh]jwffw h[e_]qw_l ljh]wgv_ k
f_klw b memqrw_l ly]h\h_ mkbeb_, dh]^w
kp_ie_gb_ k ^hjh`guf ihehlghf aw-
ljm^g_gh.
F
I_j_\_^bl_ k_e_dlhj \ iheh`_gb_ D b
gw`fbl_ gw dghidm
T.
< wlhf j_`bf_ h[_ki_qb\w_lky iew\-
gwy _a^w ih kdhevadbf ^hjh]wf k p_evx
memqr_gby kp_ie_gby dhe_k k ^hjh]hc b
mijw\ey_fhklb.
Ijbf_qZgb_ : <u fh`_l_ \ ex[hc fh-
f_gl \_jgmlvky d w\lhw^wilb\ghc (ghj-
fwevghc) ijh]jwff_. >ey wlh]h :
F gw`fbl_ \gh\v gw dghidm
T ^ey \u-
oh^w ba khhl\_lkl\mxs_]h j_`bfw
jw[hlu :aI.
Jmqgh_ i_j_dexq_gb_ i_j_^Zq
I_j_oh^ \ j_`bf jmqgh]h i_j_dexq_gby
q_luj_o i_j_^Zq :
F Mklwgh\bl_ k_e_dlhj \ iheh`_gb_ F,
F I_j_\_^bl_ juqw] k_e_dlhjw \ klhjh-
gm "+" ^ey i_j_oh^w gw \ukrmx i_j_-
^wqm, F
I_j_\_^bl_ juqw] k_e_dlhjw \ klhjh-
gm "-" ^ey i_j_oh^w gw gbarmx i_j_-
^wqm.
I_j_oh^ k j_`bfw D (w\lhfwlbq_kdbc) \
j_`bf F (jmqghc) fh`gh hkms_kl\eylv \
ex[hc fhf_gl.
Dhgljhev bkijZ\ghklb dhjh[db
i_j_^Zq
Ex[u_ g_bkijw\ghklb \ dhjh[d_ i_j_^wq
khijh\h`^wxlky amff_jhf b fb]wgb_f
mdwawl_ey ijh]jwffu "<h`^_gb_ ih kg_-
]m" gw iwg_eb ijb[hjh\.
< wlhf kemqw_ dhjh[dw gwqbgw_l jw[hlwlv
\ w\wjbcghf j_`bf_ (lhevdh gw 3-c i_j_-
^wq_). <u fh`_l_ ihqm\kl\h\wlv awf_lguc
lheqhd ijb \dexq_gbb aw^g_c i_j_^wqb ba
iheh`_gby J \ iheh`_gb_ R beb ba N \ R
(wlh g_ ]jhabl ihehfdhc dhjh[db i_j_^wq).
>\b]wcl_kv kh kdhjhklvx g_ \ur_ 100 df/qwk
(\ ij_^_ewo ^_ckl\mxsbo Ijw\be ^hjh`gh]h
^\b`_gby).
Kjhqgh ijhdhgkmevlbjmcl_kv gw k_j\bk-
ghc klwgpbb I?@e.
Hkh[_gghklb jZ[hlu
nlh[u [ukljh h[_ki_qblv fwdkbfwevgh_
mkdhj_gb_ ijb jwa]hg_, g_ ljh]wy k_e_d-
lhj, j_adh gw`fbl_ ^h dhgpw gw i_^wev
]waw (j_`bf "kick down"). ahjh[dw i_j_^wq
w\lhfwlbq_kdb i_j_dexqblky gw gbarmx
i_j_^wqm, beb \u[_j_l lm i_j_^wqm, ijb
dhlhjhc ^\b]wl_ev jwa\b\w_l fwdkbfwev-
gmx fhsghklv.
Ijb lhjfh`_gbb dhjh[dw i_j_^wq w\-
lhfwlbq_kdb i_j_dexqw_lky gw gbarmx
i_j_^wqm ^ey [he__ wnn_dlb\gh]h lhj-
fh`_gby ^\b]wl_e_f. Hkh[_gghklb jZ[hlu
I_j_dexq_gb_ k h^ghc i_j_^wqb gw ^jm-
]mx \ jmqghf j_`bf_ ijhbkoh^bl lhevdh
lh]^w, dh]^w kdhjhklv ^\b`_gby w\lhfh-
[bey khhl\_lkl\m_l qwklhl_ \jws_gby
dhe_gqwlh]h \wew ^\b]wl_ey, \ ijhlb\ghf
kemqw_ dhjh[dw i_j_^wq f]gh\_ggh i_j_-
c^_l \ w\lhfwlbq_kdbc j_`bf jw[hlu.
<h \j_fy hklwgh\db beb ^\b`_gby w\lhfh-
[bey gw hq_gv gbadhc kdhjhklb dhjh[dw i_j_-
^wq w\lhfwlbq_kdb i_j_oh^bl \ j_`bf
M1.
Ijb i_j_oh^_ \ j_`bf jmqgh]h i_j_dex-
q_gby i_j_^wq ijh]jwffw T ("<h`^_gb_
ih kg_]m") g_ ^_ckl\m_l.
<h`^_gb_ w\lhfh[bey

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F?O:GBQ?KD:Y DHJH;D:
I?J?>:Q
AZ^gbc oh^*
>ey \dexq_gby i_j_^wqb aw^g_]h oh^w
ijbih^gbfbl_ [ehdbjh\hqgh_ dhevph,
jwkiheh`_ggh_ ih^ jmdhyldhc juqw]w, b
hl\_^bl_ juqw] \e_\h-\i_j_^.
I_j_^ZqZ aZ^g_]h oh^Z fh`_l [ulv
\dexq_gZ lhevdh ihke_ iheghc hklZ-
gh\db Z\lhfh[bey b ijb jZ[hl_ ^\b]Z-
l_ey gZ ohehklhf oh^m.
* < aw\bkbfhklb hl kbeh\h]h w]j_]wlw.
IH>MRDB ;?AHI:KGHKLB
dw^m\gu_ ih^mrdb [_ahiwkghklb ij_^-
gwagwq_gu ^ey ^hihegbl_evghc awsblu
\h^bl_ey b iwkkw`bjw ijb kbevguo
m^wjwo w\lhfh[bey. egb ^hihegyxl aw-
sblgh_ ^_ckl\b_ j_fg_c [_ahiwkghklb
k ibjhl_ogbq_kdbfb ij_^gwly`bl_eyfb b
h]jwgbqbl_eyfb gwly`_gby.
< kemqw_ klhedgh\_gby we_dljhggu_
^wlqbdb m^wjw j_]bkljbjmxl b f]gh\_ggh
wgwebabjmxl \_ebqbgm j_adh]h awf_^e_-
gby w\lhfh[bey : _keb ijb m^wj_ ^hklb-
]w_lky ihjh] kjw[wlu\wgby ih^mr_d [_ah-
iwkghklb, hgb f]gh\_ggh \u[jwku\wxlky
b gw^m\wxlky, awsbswy gwoh^ysboky \
kwehg_ ex^_c.
Kjwam `_ ihke_ m^wjw ]wa, kh^_j`wsbcky
\ ih^mrdwo, \uoh^bl gwjm`m, b hgb mf_gv-
rwxlky \ h[t_f_ : wlh ij_^mkfhlj_gh
^ey lh]h, qlh[u g_ ij_iylkl\h\wlv \b-
^bfhklb b \hafh`ghklb [ukljh ihdbgmlv
w\lhfh[bev.
Ih^mrdb [_ahiwkghklb g_ kjw[wlu\wxl \
kemqw_ f_g__ kbevguo m^wjh\, ijb dhlh-
juo ^ey h[_ki_q_gby hilbfwevghc awsb-
lu hdwau\w_lky ^hklwlhqgh h^gbo j_fg_c
[_ahiwkghklb. Kbew m^wjw aw\bkbl hl
\b^w ij_iylkl\by b kdhjhklb w\lhfh[bey
\ fhf_gl klhedgh\_gby.
Ih^mrdb [_ahiZkghklb jZ[hlZxl lhev-
dh ijb \dexq_gghf aZ`b]Zgbb.
Ijbf_qZgb_ :
]wa, \uoh^ysbc ba ih^mr-
db, fh`_l hdwau\wlv g_agwqbl_evgh_ jwa-
^jw`wxs__ \ha^_ckl\b_.
I?J?>GB? IH>MRDB
;?AHI:KGHKLB
egb mklwgh\e_gu \ klmibp_ jme_\h]h dh-
e_kw ^ey \h^bl_ey b \ ijb[hjghc iwg_eb
^ey i_j_^g_]h iwkkw`bjw (h^gw). e[_ ih-
^mrdb kjw[wlu\wxl h^gh\j_f_ggh.
?keb wlhl kb]gwebawlhj aw]h-
jw_lky gw iwg_eb ijb[hjh\ b
a\mqbl amff_j, h[jwlbl_kv gw
k_j\bkgmx klwgpbx I?@e ^ey
ijh\_jdb kbkl_fu.
Dhgljhev bkijZ\ghklb ih^mr_d
[_ahiZkghklb
<h`^_gb_ w\lhfh[bey

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KLHYGHQGUC LHJFHA
Aw]hjwgb_ wlh]h kb]gwebawlhjw
gw ^\b`ms_fky w\lhfh[be_
k\b^_l_evkl\m_l h lhf, qlh klh-
yghqguc lhjfha g_ \udexq_g
beb g_ ^h dhgpw \udexq_g. Ijb hklwgh\d_ gw mdehg_ ih-
\_jgbl_ dhe_kw ^h mihjw \
[hj^xj b \dexqbl_ klhyghq-
guc lhjfha.
Klhyghqguc lhjfha ke_^m_l
\dexqwlv lhevdh ihke_ iheghc hklwgh\db
w\lhfh[bey. Aw]hjwgb_ kb]gwevghc ewfiu
\ khijh\h`^_gbb a\mdh\h]h
kb]gwebawlhjw k\b^_l_evkl\m_l
h g_bkijw\ghklb we_dljhggh]h
j_]meylhjw lhjfhaguo kbe, dh-
lhjwy fh`_l ijb\_klb d ihl_j_ dmjkh\hc
mklhcqb\hklb w\lhfh[bey ijb lhjfh`_gbb.
Kjhqgh hklZgh\bl_ Z\lhfh[bev.
Ijhdhgkmevlbjmcl_kv gw k_j\bkghc klwg-
pbb I?@e.
Ydexq_gb_ klhyghqgh]h lhjfhaZ
Ihke_ hklwgh\db ihlygbl_ jmdhyldm klhy-
ghqgh]h lhjfhaw, qlh[u w\lhfh[bev hklw-
\weky \ g_ih^\b`ghf khklhygbb.
Yudexq_gb_ klhyghqgh]h lhjfhaZ
Ihlygbl_ jmdhyldm klhyghqgh]h lhjfhaw,
gw`fbl_ gw dghidm ^_[ehdbjh\db b him-
klbl_ jmdhyldm.
:GLB;EHDBJHYHQG:Y KBKL?F:
(ABS)
Kbkl_fw ABS kh\f_klgh k we_dljhgguf
j_]meylhjhf lhjfhaguo kbe (REF) memq-
rw_l mklhcqb\hklv b mijw\ey_fhklv
w\lhfh[bey ijb lhjfh`_gbb, \ hkh[_g-
ghklb gw ^hjh]wo k ih\j_`^_gguf beb
kdhevadbf ihdjulb_f.
Ijbf_qZgb_ :
ijb awf_g_ dhe_k ^him-
kdw_lky mklwgw\eb\wlv lhevdh k_jlbnb-
pbjh\wggu_ dhe_kgu_ ^bkdb b rbgu.
:glb[ehdbjh\hqgwy kbkl_fw \dexqw_l-
ky \ jw[hlm w\lhfwlbq_kdb, dwd lhevdh
ihy\ey_lky jbkd [ehdbjh\db lhjfhay-
sbo dhe_k.
Bgh]^w ghjfwevgwy jw[hlw ABS fh-
`_l ijhy\eylvky \ e_]dhc \b[jwpbb
lhjfhaghc i_^web \ ijhp_kk_ lhj-
fh`_gby w\lhfh[bey.
Ijb wdklj_gghf lhjfh`_gbb
Z\lhfh[bey j_adh gZ`fbl_ ^h
mihjZ gZ lhjfhagmx i_^Zev, g_
hkeZ[eyy mkbeby.
<h`^_gb_ w\lhfh[bey

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Awij_sw_lky ihevah\wlvky
kbkl_fhc djmba-dhgljhey gw
kdhevadhc ^hjh]_ beb gwoh^ykv
\ ]mklhf ihlhd_ ljwgkihjlw.
DJMBA-DHGLJHEV
Kbkl_fw djmba-dhgljhey iha\hey_l ih^-
^_j`b\wlv ihklhygghc kdhjhklv w\lhfh-
[bey, aw^w\w_fmx \h^bl_e_f, g_aw\bkb-
fh hl ijhnbey ^hjh]b b [_a gw`wlby gw
i_^web ]waw b lhjfhaw.
Kbkl_fw fh`_l awihfbgwlv kdhjhklv
w\lhfh[bey, _keb hgw ij_\urw_l 40 beb
60 df/qwk (\ aw\bkbfhklb hl kbeh\h]h
w]j_]wlw) b g_ f_g__, q_f gw 4-c i_j_^wq_
(beb gw 2-c ^ey w\lhfwlbq_kdbo dhjh[hd). Ydexq_gb_ kbkl_fu
djmba-dhgljhey
F
dw`fbl_ gw \udexqwl_ev A. Ijb wlhf
aw]hjblky k\_lh\hc bg^bdwlhj.
<u fh`_l_ \g_klb kdhjhklv \ iwfylv
kbkl_fu.
F <gh\v gw`fbl_ gw \udexqwl_ev A,
qlh[u \udexqblv kbkl_fm. K\_lh\hc
bg^bdwlhj ih]wkg_l.
AZihfbgZgb_ kdhjhklb
awd lhevdh w\lhfh[bev ^hklb]g_l lj_[m_-
fhc kdhjhklb, [ukljh i_j_dexqbl_ juqw]
Y \\_jo beb \gba. Kdhjhklv [m^_l \g_k_-
gw \ iwfylv kbkl_fu b k wlh]h fhf_glw
ih^^_j`b\wlvky w\lhfwlbq_kdb.
Ijbf_qZgb_ : gw dwdh_-lh f]gh\_gb_
^himkdw_lky gw`bfwlv gw i_^wev wdk_e_-
jwlhjw, ijb wlhf kbkl_fw djmba-dhgljhey
hldexqwlvky g_ [m^_l.
Hldexq_gb_ \g_k_gghc \ iZfylv
kdhjhklb
F Ihlygbl_ gw k_[y juqw] Y beb gw`fb-
l_ gw i_^wev lhjfhaw beb kp_ie_gby.
YhkklZgh\e_gb_ kdhjhklb,
\g_k_gghc \ iZfylv kbkl_fu
Ihke_ \j_f_ggh]h hldexq_gby kdhjhklb
i_j_dexqbl_ juqw] Y \\_jo beb \gba.
:\lhfh[bev kgh\w [m^_l ^\b]wlvky kh
kdhjhklvx, \g_k_gghc \ iwfylv. Baf_g_gb_ kdhjhklb, \g_k_gghc \
iZfylv kbkl_fu
nlh[u awihfgblv kdhjhklv, ij_\urw-
xsmx lm, dhlhjwy jwg__ gwoh^bewkv \
iwfylb kbkl_fu :
F
i_j_^\bgvl_ juqw] Y \\_jo ;
F ihke_ ^hklb`_gby lj_[m_fhc kdhjh-
klb hlimklbl_ _]h.
nlh[u awihfgblv kdhjhklv, f_gvrmx
lhc, dhlhjwy jwg__ gwoh^bewkv \ iwfylb
kbkl_fu :
F i_j_^\bgvl_ juqw] B \gba ;
F ihke_ ^hklb`_gby lj_[m_fhc kdhjh-
klb hlimklbl_ _]h.
Hlf_gZ kdhjhklb, \g_k_gghc \
iZfylv
F dw`fbl_ gw i_j_dexqwl_ev : qlh[u
hldexqblv kbkl_fm beb \udexqbl_ aw-
`b]wgb_.
<h`^_gb_ w\lhfh[bey

74 -
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F?O:GBQ?KD:Y DHJH;D:
I?J?>:Q
AZ^gbc oh^*
>ey \dexq_gby i_j_^wqb aw^g_]h oh^w
ijbih^gbfbl_ [ehdbjh\hqgh_ dhevph,
jwkiheh`_ggh_ ih^ jmdhyldhc juqw]w, b
hl\_^bl_ juqw] \e_\h-\i_j_^.
I_j_^ZqZ aZ^g_]h oh^Z fh`_l [ulv
\dexq_gZ lhevdh ihke_ iheghc hklZ-
gh\db Z\lhfh[bey b ijb jZ[hl_ ^\b]Z-
l_ey gZ ohehklhf oh^m.
* < aw\bkbfhklb hl kbeh\h]h w]j_]wlw.
IH>MRDB ;?AHI:KGHKLB
dw^m\gu_ ih^mrdb [_ahiwkghklb ij_^-
gwagwq_gu ^ey ^hihegbl_evghc awsblu
\h^bl_ey b iwkkw`bjw ijb kbevguo
m^wjwo w\lhfh[bey. egb ^hihegyxl aw-
sblgh_ ^_ckl\b_ j_fg_c [_ahiwkghklb
k ibjhl_ogbq_kdbfb ij_^gwly`bl_eyfb b
h]jwgbqbl_eyfb gwly`_gby.
< kemqw_ klhedgh\_gby we_dljhggu_
^wlqbdb m^wjw j_]bkljbjmxl b f]gh\_ggh
wgwebabjmxl \_ebqbgm j_adh]h awf_^e_-
gby w\lhfh[bey : _keb ijb m^wj_ ^hklb-
]w_lky ihjh] kjw[wlu\wgby ih^mr_d [_ah-
iwkghklb, hgb f]gh\_ggh \u[jwku\wxlky
b gw^m\wxlky, awsbswy gwoh^ysboky \
kwehg_ ex^_c.
Kjwam `_ ihke_ m^wjw ]wa, kh^_j`wsbcky
\ ih^mrdwo, \uoh^bl gwjm`m, b hgb mf_gv-
rwxlky \ h[t_f_ : wlh ij_^mkfhlj_gh
^ey lh]h, qlh[u g_ ij_iylkl\h\wlv \b-
^bfhklb b \hafh`ghklb [ukljh ihdbgmlv
w\lhfh[bev.
Ih^mrdb [_ahiwkghklb g_ kjw[wlu\wxl \
kemqw_ f_g__ kbevguo m^wjh\, ijb dhlh-
juo ^ey h[_ki_q_gby hilbfwevghc awsb-
lu hdwau\w_lky ^hklwlhqgh h^gbo j_fg_c
[_ahiwkghklb. Kbew m^wjw aw\bkbl hl
\b^w ij_iylkl\by b kdhjhklb w\lhfh[bey
\ fhf_gl klhedgh\_gby.
Ih^mrdb [_ahiZkghklb jZ[hlZxl lhev-
dh ijb \dexq_gghf aZ`b]Zgbb.
Ijbf_qZgb_ :
]wa, \uoh^ysbc ba ih^mr-
db, fh`_l hdwau\wlv g_agwqbl_evgh_ jwa-
^jw`wxs__ \ha^_ckl\b_.
I?J?>GB? IH>MRDB
;?AHI:KGHKLB
egb mklwgh\e_gu \ klmibp_ jme_\h]h dh-
e_kw ^ey \h^bl_ey b \ ijb[hjghc iwg_eb
^ey i_j_^g_]h iwkkw`bjw (h^gw). e[_ ih-
^mrdb kjw[wlu\wxl h^gh\j_f_ggh.
?keb wlhl kb]gwebawlhj aw]h-
jw_lky gw iwg_eb ijb[hjh\ b
a\mqbl amff_j, h[jwlbl_kv gw
k_j\bkgmx klwgpbx I?@e ^ey
ijh\_jdb kbkl_fu.
Dhgljhev bkijZ\ghklb ih^mr_d
[_ahiZkghklb
<h`^_gb_ w\lhfh[bey

74 -
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;HDHYU? IH>MRDB
;?AHI:KGHKLB*
egb \kljh_gu \ dwjdwk kibghd i_j_^gbo
kb^_gbc \h^bl_ey b iwkkw`bjw (h^gw) kh
klhjhgu ^\_jb.
aw`^wy ih^mrdw kjw[wlu\w_l \ kemqw_
kbevgh]h m^wjw k lhc klhjhgu, hldm^w ih-
ke_^h\we m^wj, g_aw\bkbfh hl ^jm]hc ih-
^mrdb, iha\heyy, lwdbf h[jwahf, kgbablv
jbkd ihemq_gby ljw\fu `b\hlw, ]jm^ghc
de_ldb b ]heh\u.
>ey dhgljhey bkijw\ghklb ih-
^mr_d kem`bl kb]gwebawlhj gw
ijb[hjghc iwg_eb.
eg aw]hjw_lky gw r_klv k_dmg^
ijb \dexq_gbb aw`b]wgby.
Dhgljhev bkijZ\ghklb
Ih^mrdZ [_ahiZkghklb g_bkijZ\gZ,
_keb :
- kb]gwebawlhj g_ aw]hjw_lky ijb \dex-
q_gbb aw`b]wgby,
- kb]gwebawlhj g_ ]wkg_l q_j_a r_klv k_dmg^,
- kb]gwebawlhj fb]w_l \ l_q_gb_ iylb fbgml, w awl_f hklw_lky \dexq_gguf.
e[jwlbl_kv gw k_j\bkgmx klwgpbx I?@e. >ey h[_ki_q_gby gZb[hevr_c
wnn_dlb\ghklb njhglZevguo
b [hdh\uo* ih^mr_d [_ahiZk-
ghklb g_h[oh^bfh \uihegylv
ke_^mxsb_ ijZ\beZ :
• <k_]^w ijbkl_]b\wcl_kv j_fgyfb [_a- hiwkghklb, dhlhju_ ^he`gu [ulv ijw-
\bevgh hlj_]mebjh\wgu.
• Kb^bl_ \ _kl_kl\_gghc \_jlbdwevghc iha_.
• dbq_]h g_ jwaf_swcl_ f_`^m ex^vfb, kb^ysbfb gw i_j_^gbo kb^_gvyo, b ih-
^mrdwfb [_ahiwkghklb (^_l_c, `b\hl-
guo, ij_^f_lu b l.i.).
egb fh]ml ihf_rwlv jw[hl_ ih^mr_d beb ihjwgblv ex^_c, kb^ysbo gw
i_j_^gbo kb^_gvyo.
• awl_]hjbq_kdb awij_s_gh dhfm-eb[h ijh\h^blv jw[hlu k kbkl_fwfb ih-
^mr_d [_ahiwkghklb aw bkdexq_gb_f
d\webnbpbjh\wggh]h i_jkhgwew k_j-
\bkguo klwgpbc I?@e.
• Ihke_ w\wjbb beb ij_[u\wgby w\lhfh- [bey \ m]hg_ g_h[oh^bfh h[yawl_evgh
ijh\_jblv kbkl_fm ih^mr_d [_ahiwk-
ghklb. NjhglZevgu_ ih^mrdb [_ahiZkghklb
• d_ \h^bl_ w\lhfh[bev, m^_j`b\wy jm-
e_\h_ dhe_kh aw kibpu, b g_ dew^bl_
jmdb gw klmibpm jme_\h]h dhe_kw.
• Iwkkw`bjm \hkij_sw_lky dewklv gh]b gw iwg_ev mijw\e_gby.
• Ih \hafh`ghklb hldw`bl_kv hl dmj_gby, ihkdhevdm ijb gw^m\wgbb ih^mr_d [_a-
hiwkghklb wlh fh`_l ijb\_klb d h`h]wf
beb jwg_gbyf kb]wj_lhc beb ljm[dhc.
• Awij_sw_lky kgbfwlv b ijhludwlv klmibpm jme_\h]h dhe_kw, \ dhlhjhc
gwoh^blky ih^mrdw, beb ih^\_j]wlv __
kbevguf m^wjwf.
* < aw\bkbfhklb hl kljwgu ihklw\db w\lh- fh[bey.
;hdh\u_ ih^mrdb [_ahiZkghklb*
• dw i_j_^gb_ kb^_gvy ^himkdw_lky gw-
^_\wlv lhevdh k_jlbnbpbjh\wggu_ b
h^h[j_ggu_ ba]hlh\bl_e_f q_oeu. Ijh-
dhgkmevlbjmcl_kv gw k_j\bkghc klwgpbb
I?@e.
• Awij_sw_lky ijb\bgqb\wlv beb ijbde_- b\wlv dwdb_-eb[h ij_^f_lu d kibgdwf
i_j_^gbo kb^_gbc. tlh fh`_l ijb\_klb
d jwg_gbyf ]jm^ghc de_ldb b `b\hlw ijb
gw^m\wgbb [hdh\uo ih^mr_d [_ahiwk-
ghklb.
• d_ ijb[eb`wcl_kv d ^\_jb [ib`_, q_f wlh g_h[oh^bfh.
<h`^_gb_ w\lhfh[bey

74 -
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75
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;HDHYU? IH>MRDB
;?AHI:KGHKLB*
egb \kljh_gu \ dwjdwk kibghd i_j_^gbo
kb^_gbc \h^bl_ey b iwkkw`bjw (h^gw) kh
klhjhgu ^\_jb.
aw`^wy ih^mrdw kjw[wlu\w_l \ kemqw_
kbevgh]h m^wjw k lhc klhjhgu, hldm^w ih-
ke_^h\we m^wj, g_aw\bkbfh hl ^jm]hc ih-
^mrdb, iha\heyy, lwdbf h[jwahf, kgbablv
jbkd ihemq_gby ljw\fu `b\hlw, ]jm^ghc
de_ldb b ]heh\u.
>ey dhgljhey bkijw\ghklb ih-
^mr_d kem`bl kb]gwebawlhj gw
ijb[hjghc iwg_eb.
eg aw]hjw_lky gw r_klv k_dmg^
ijb \dexq_gbb aw`b]wgby.
Dhgljhev bkijZ\ghklb
Ih^mrdZ [_ahiZkghklb g_bkijZ\gZ,
_keb :
- kb]gwebawlhj g_ aw]hjw_lky ijb \dex-
q_gbb aw`b]wgby,
- kb]gwebawlhj g_ ]wkg_l q_j_a r_klv k_dmg^,
- kb]gwebawlhj fb]w_l \ l_q_gb_ iylb fbgml, w awl_f hklw_lky \dexq_gguf.
e[jwlbl_kv gw k_j\bkgmx klwgpbx I?@e. >ey h[_ki_q_gby gZb[hevr_c
wnn_dlb\ghklb njhglZevguo
b [hdh\uo* ih^mr_d [_ahiZk-
ghklb g_h[oh^bfh \uihegylv
ke_^mxsb_ ijZ\beZ :
• <k_]^w ijbkl_]b\wcl_kv j_fgyfb [_a- hiwkghklb, dhlhju_ ^he`gu [ulv ijw-
\bevgh hlj_]mebjh\wgu.
• Kb^bl_ \ _kl_kl\_gghc \_jlbdwevghc iha_.
• dbq_]h g_ jwaf_swcl_ f_`^m ex^vfb, kb^ysbfb gw i_j_^gbo kb^_gvyo, b ih-
^mrdwfb [_ahiwkghklb (^_l_c, `b\hl-
guo, ij_^f_lu b l.i.).
egb fh]ml ihf_rwlv jw[hl_ ih^mr_d beb ihjwgblv ex^_c, kb^ysbo gw
i_j_^gbo kb^_gvyo.
• awl_]hjbq_kdb awij_s_gh dhfm-eb[h ijh\h^blv jw[hlu k kbkl_fwfb ih-
^mr_d [_ahiwkghklb aw bkdexq_gb_f
d\webnbpbjh\wggh]h i_jkhgwew k_j-
\bkguo klwgpbc I?@e.
• Ihke_ w\wjbb beb ij_[u\wgby w\lhfh- [bey \ m]hg_ g_h[oh^bfh h[yawl_evgh
ijh\_jblv kbkl_fm ih^mr_d [_ahiwk-
ghklb. NjhglZevgu_ ih^mrdb [_ahiZkghklb
• d_ \h^bl_ w\lhfh[bev, m^_j`b\wy jm-
e_\h_ dhe_kh aw kibpu, b g_ dew^bl_
jmdb gw klmibpm jme_\h]h dhe_kw.
• Iwkkw`bjm \hkij_sw_lky dewklv gh]b gw iwg_ev mijw\e_gby.
• Ih \hafh`ghklb hldw`bl_kv hl dmj_gby, ihkdhevdm ijb gw^m\wgbb ih^mr_d [_a-
hiwkghklb wlh fh`_l ijb\_klb d h`h]wf
beb jwg_gbyf kb]wj_lhc beb ljm[dhc.
• Awij_sw_lky kgbfwlv b ijhludwlv klmibpm jme_\h]h dhe_kw, \ dhlhjhc
gwoh^blky ih^mrdw, beb ih^\_j]wlv __
kbevguf m^wjwf.
* < aw\bkbfhklb hl kljwgu ihklw\db w\lh- fh[bey.
;hdh\u_ ih^mrdb [_ahiZkghklb*
• dw i_j_^gb_ kb^_gvy ^himkdw_lky gw-
^_\wlv lhevdh k_jlbnbpbjh\wggu_ b
h^h[j_ggu_ ba]hlh\bl_e_f q_oeu. Ijh-
dhgkmevlbjmcl_kv gw k_j\bkghc klwgpbb
I?@e.
• Awij_sw_lky ijb\bgqb\wlv beb ijbde_- b\wlv dwdb_-eb[h ij_^f_lu d kibgdwf
i_j_^gbo kb^_gbc. tlh fh`_l ijb\_klb
d jwg_gbyf ]jm^ghc de_ldb b `b\hlw ijb
gw^m\wgbb [hdh\uo ih^mr_d [_ahiwk-
ghklb.
• d_ ijb[eb`wcl_kv d ^\_jb [ib`_, q_f wlh g_h[oh^bfh.
<h`^_gb_ w\lhfh[bey