tires SSANGYONG MUSSO 2003 Service Manual

GENERAL INFORMATION 0B-7
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR
MAINTENANCE AND LUBRICATION
Fuel Filter Replacement
Replace the engine fuel filter every.
Gasoline Engine : 60,000km (36,000 miles)
Diesel Engine : 45,000km (24,000 miles)
Spark Plug Replacement Replace spark plugs with same type.
Type : BOSCH : F8DC4
BERU : 14F-8DU4
Champion : C11YCC
Gap : 0.8 ± 0.1 mm
Spark Plug Wire Replacement Clean wires and inspect them for burns, cracks or other damage. Check the wire boot fit at the Distributor and at the spark plugs. Replace the wires as needed. Brake System Service Check the disc brake pads or the drum brake linings.
Check the pad and the lining thickness carefully. Tire and Wheel Inspection and Rotation
Check the tires for abnormal wear or damage. To equalize wear and obtain maximum tire life, rotate the tires. If irregular or premature wear exists, check the wheel alignment and check for damaged wheels. Whilethe tires and wheels are removed, inspect the brakes.
NORMAL VEHICLE USE The maintenance instructions contained in the maintenance schedule are based on the assumption that the vehicle will be used for the following reasons:

To carry passengers and cargo within the limitation
of the tire inflation prassure. Refer to “Tire and Wheel” in section 2E.
To be driven on reasonable road surfaces and withinlegal operating limits.
EXPLANATION OF SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE SERVICES The services listed in the maintenance schedule are
further explained below. When the following maintenance services are performed, make sure all the parts are replaced and all the necessary repairs are done before driving the vehicle. Always use the proper fluid and lubricants. Engine Oil and Oil Filter Change Always use above the API SH grade or recommended engine oil. Engine Oil Viscosity Engine oil viscosity (thickness) has an effect on fuel economy and cold weather operation. Lower viscosity engine oils can provide better fuel economy and cold
weather performance; however, higher temperatureweather conditions require higher viscosity engine oils for satisfactory lubrication. Using oils of any viscosity other than those viscosities recommended could result in engine damage. Cooling System Service Drain, flush and refill the system with new coolant. Refer to “Recommended Fluids And Lubricants” in this section. Air Cleaner Element Replacement
Clean the air cleaner element every.
Gasoline Engine : 15,000km (10,000 miles)
Diesel Engine : 10,000km (6,000 miles)
Replace the air cleaner element every .
Gasoline Engine : 60,000km (36,000 miles)
Diesel Engine : 30,000km (18,000 miles)
Replace the air cleaner more often under dusty conditions.
Tire Rotation (Left - Hand Drive Type)

0B-12 GENERAL INFORMATIONOWNER INSPECTIONS AND SERVICES
WHILE OPERATING THE VEHICLE Horn Operation Blow the horn occasionally to make sure it works. Check all the button locations. Brake System Operation Be alert for abnormal sounds, increased brake pedal travel or repeated puling to one side when braking. Also, if the brake warning light goes on, or flashes, something may be wrong with part of the brake system. Exhaust System Operation Be alert to any changes in the sound of the system or the smell of the fumes. These are signs that the system may be leaking or overheating. Have the system
inspected and repaired immediately. Tires, Wheels and Alignment Operation Be alert to any vibration of the steering wheel or the seats at normal highway speeds. This may mean a wheelneeds to be balanced. Also, a pull right or left on a straight, level road may show the need for a tire pressure adjustment or a wheel alignment. Steering System Operation Be alert to changes in the steering action. An inspection is needed when the steering wheel is hard to turn or
has too much free play, or is unusual sounds are noticedwhen turning or parking. Headlight Aim
Take note of the light pattern occasionally. Adjust the headlights if the beams seem improperly aimed.
AT EACH FUEL FILL A fluid loss in any (except windshield washer) system may indicate a problem. Have the system inspected and
repaired immediately. Engine Oil Level
Check the oil level and add oil if necessary. The best time to check the engine oil level is when the oil is warm.
1. After stopping the engine, wait a few minutes for the oil to drain back to the oil pan.
2. Pull out the oil level indicator (dip stick).
3. Wipe it clean, and push the oil level indicator back down all the way.
4. Pull out the oil level indicator and look at the oil level on it. 5. Add oil, if needed, to keep the oil level above the
lower mark. Avoid overfilling the engine, since this may cause engine damage.
6. Push the indicator all the way back down into the engine after taking the reading.
If you check the oil level when the oil is cold, do not runthe engine first. The cold oil will not drain back to the pan fast enough to give a true oil level reading. Engine Coolant Level and Condition Check the coolant level in the coolant reservoir tank
and add coolant if necessary. Inspect the coolant. Replace dirty or rusty coolant.
Windshield Washer Fluid Level
Check the washer fluid level in the reservoir. Add fluid if
necessary.
AT LEAST TWICE A MONTH Tire And Wheel Inspection and Pressure Check Check the tire for abnormal wear or damage. Also check for damaged wheels. Check the tire pressure when the tires are cold ( check the spare also, unless it is astowaway). Maintain the recommended pressures. Refer
to “Tire and Wheel” is in section 0B.
AT LEAST MONTHLY Light Operation Check the operation of the license plate light, the headlights (including the high beams), the parking lights,the fog lights, the taillight, the brake lights, the turn
signals, the backup lights and the hazard warning flasher. Fluid Leak Check Periodically inspect the surface beneath the vehicle for
water, oil, fuel or other fluids, after the vehicle has been
parked for a while. Water dripping from the air conditioning system after use is normal. If you notice fuel leaks or fumes, find the cause and correct it at once.
AT LEAST TWICE A YEAR Power Steering System Reservoir Level Check the power steering fluid level. Keep the power steering fluid at the proper level. Refer to Section 6A,
Power Steering System. Brake Master Cylinder Reservoir Level Check the fluid and keep it at the proper level. A low fluid level can indicate worn disc brake pads which mayneed to be serviced. Check the breather hole in the reservoir cover to be free from dirt and check for an open passage.

SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS 2A-3
DIAGNOSIS
GENERAL DIAGNOSIS
Checks
Loosened Mountings Damaged or Worn wheel BearingDamaged Shock Absorber
Damaged Tire Action
Retightening ReplaceReplaceReplace
Abnormal Noises
Checks
Broken Stabilizer Bar Faulty Shock Absorber Action
ReplaceReplace
Vehicle Rolling
Checks
Over Inflated Tire Faulty Shock Absorber Loosened wheel Nut Bent or Broken Coil Spring
Damaged TireWorn Bushing Action
Pressure Adjustment
Replace
Tighten as Specified ReplaceReplaceReplace
Poor Riding
Problems in the steering, the suspension, the tires, and the wheels involve several systems. Consider all systems when you diagnose a complaint. Some problems, suchas abnormal or excessive tire wear and scuffed tires,may by the result of hard driving. Always road test the
vehicle first. If possible, do this road test with the
customer. Proceed with the following preliminary checks. Correct any substandard conditions.
Checks
Incorrect Wheel Alignment Excessive Resistance of Lower Arm Ball Joint
Insufficient Tire PressureFaulty Power Steering
Action Repair
Replace Adjust
Repair or Replace
Hard Steering
Checks
Deformed Arm Assembly Worn BushingBent or Broken Coil SpringDifference Between L/H & R/H Heights Action
ReplaceReplaceReplace Adjust
Vehicle Pulls to Right or Left

2B-2 WHEEL ALIGNMENT
DIAGNOSIS
TIRE DIAGNOSIS Irregular and Premature Wear Irregular and premature tire wear has many causes. Some of them are incorrect inflation pressures, lack of regular rotation, poor driving habits, or improper wheelalignment. Rotate the tires if :
The front tire wear is different from the rear.
The left and right front tire wear is unequal.
The left and right rear tire wear is unequal, Check wheel alignment if :
The left and right front tire wear is unequal.
The wear is uneven across the tread of either fronttire.
The front tire treads are scuffed with “feather” edgeson the side of the tread ribs or blocks.
Tread Wear Indicators The original equipment tires have built-in tread wear indicators to show when the tires need replacement. These indicators appear as bands when the tire tread
depth becomes shallow. Tire replacement isrecommended when the indicators appear in three ormore grooves at six locations.
Radial Tire Waddle
Waddle is side-to-side movement at the front or rear of the vehicle. It is caused by the steel belt not being straightwithin the tire, or by excessive lateral runout of the tireor wheel. The vehicle must be road tested to determine which end of the vehicle has the faulty tire. The rear end of the vehicle will shake from side to side or “waddle” if the
waddle tire is on the rear of the vehicle. From the driver’ sseat, it feels as though someone is pushing on the sideof the vehicle. If the faulty tire is on the front of the vehicle, the waddle is more visual. The front sheet meld appears to be moving back and forth, and the drivers seat feelslike the pivot point in the vehicle.
Waddle can be diagnosed using the method of substituting known good tire and wheel assemblies onthe problem vehicle
1. Road test the vehicle to determine if the waddle is coming from the front or the rear of the vehicle.
2. Install good tires and wheels from a similar vehicle in place of those on the offending end of the problem vehicle. If the source of the waddle is not obvious, change the rear tires.

WHEEL ALIGNMENT 2B-3
3. Road test the vehicle. If there is improvement, installthe original tires to find the offending tire. If there is no a straight improvement, install good tires in place of all four offending tires.
4. Install original tires one at a time to find the offending tire.
RADIAL TIRE LEAD/PULL Lead/pull is the deviation of the vehicle from a straight path on a level road with no pressure on the steeringwheel. Lead is usually caused by:
Incorrect alignment.
Uneven brake adjustment.
Tire construction.
The way in which a tire is built can produce lead/pull in
the vehicle.011-center belts on radial tires can causethe tire to develop a side force while the vehicle rolls straight down the road. If one side of the tire has even a little larger diameter than the diameter of the other side,the tire will tend to roll to one side. Unequal diameterswill cause the tire to develop a side force which canproduce vehicle lead/pull. The radial lead/pull diagnosis chart should be used to determine whether the problem originates from an alignment problem or from the tires. Part of the leaddiagnosis procedure calls for tire rotation that is differentfrom the proper tire rotation pattern. If a medium- to high-mileage tire is moved to the other side of the vehicle, be sure to check for ride roughness. Rear tires will not cause lead/pull.

2B-4 WHEEL ALIGNMENT1. Perform wheel alignment preliminary inspection.
2. Check the brakes for dragging.
3. Road test the vehicle.Does the vehicle lead/pull?
1. Cross switch the front tire and wheel assemblies. 2. Road test the vehicle. Does the vehicle lead/pull? 1. Check the front wheel alignment. Is the alignment within specifications?
1. Compare the front camber and front caster to specifications.Are they within specifications?
1. Check the vehicle frame. Is the frame bent?
1. Straighten the frame. Is the repair complete?
1. The probable cause is the tires.
2. Switch the left front tire and wheel assembly with
the left rear tire and wheel assembly.
3. Road test the vehicle. Does the vehicle still lead/pull?
1. Switch the left front tire and wheel assembly with the left rear tire and wheel assembly and replace theleft front tire. Does the repair complete?
1. Switch the right front tire and wheel assembly with
the right rear tire and wheel assembly.
2. Road test the vehicle. Does the vehicle still lead/pull?
1. Switch the right front tire and wheel assembly with the right rear tire and wheel assembly and replace the right front tire. Is the repair complete? Action
Radial Tire Lead/Pull Diagnosis Chart
Step
1Values(s)
- Ye s
Go to Step 2
Go to Step 3
Go to Step 4
Go to Step 7
Go to Step 6
Go to Step 3
Go to Step 9
System OK
Go to Step 1
System OK No
System OK System OK Adjust
alignment
Go to Step 5
Go to Step 1
-
Go to Step 8
Go to Step 1
Go to Step 10
Go to Step 1
2 345 6 7 8 9
10 - - - - - - - - -

WHEEL ALIGNMENT 2B-5
VIBRATION DIAGNOSIS Wheel imbalance causes most highway speed vibration problems. A vibration can remain after dynamicbalancing because:
A tire is out of round.
A rim is out of round.
A tire stiffness variation exists.
Measuring tire and wheel free runout will uncover only part of the problem, All three causes, known as loadedradial runout, must be checked using method of substituting known good tire and wheel assemblies on the problem vehicle. Preliminary Checks Prior to performing any work, always road test the car and perform a careful visual inspection for:

Obvious tire and wheel runout.
Obvious drive axle runout.
Improper tire inflation.
Incorrect trim height.
Bent or damaged wheels.
Debris build-up on the tire or the wheel.
Irregular or excessive tire wear.
Improper tire bead seating on the rim,
Imperfections in the tires, including: tread deformations, separations, or bulges from impactdamage. Slight sidewall indentations are normal and
will not affect ride quality.
Tire Balancing Balance is the easiest procedure to perform and should be done first if the vibration occurs at high speeds. Do an off-vehicle, two-plane dynamic balance first to correct
any imbalance in the tire and wheel assembly. An on-vehicle finish balance will correct any brake drum,
rotor, or wheel cover imbalance, If balancing does not correct the high-speed vibration, or if the vibration occurs at low speeds, runout is the probable cause.

WHEEL ALIGNMENT 2B-9
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND SYSTEM OPERATION
FOUR WHEEL ALIGNMENT CASTER Caster is the tilting 91 the uppermost point of the steering axis either forward or backward from the vertical when viewed from the side of the vehicle. A backward tilt is positive, and a forward tilt is negative. Caster influencesdirectional control of the steering but does not affect
tire wear. Weak springs or overloading a vehicle will affect
caster. One wheel with more positive caster will pull
toward the center of the car. This condition will cause the car to move or lean toward the side with the least
amount of positive caster. Caster is measured in degrees. CAMBER Camber is the tilting of the top of the tire from the vertical when viewed from the front of the vehicle. When thetires tilt outward, the camber is positive. When the tires tilt inward, the camber is negative. The camber angle is measured in degrees from the vertical. Camber
influences both directional control and tire wear.
If the vehicle has too much positive camber, the outside
shoulder of the tire will wear. If the vehicle has too much
negative camber, the inside shoulder of the tire will wear.
The first responsibility of engineering is to design safesteering and suspension systems. Each componentmust be strong enough to withstand and absorb extremepunishment. Both the steering system and the front and the rear suspension must function geometrically with thebody mass. The steering and the suspension systems require that the front wheels self-return and that the tire rolling effortand the road friction be held to a negligible force in orderto allow the customer to direct the vehicle with the least effort and the most comfort. A complete wheel alignment check should include
measurements of the rear toe and camber. Four-wheel alignment assures that all four wheels will be running in precisely the same direction. When the vehicle is geometrically aligned, fuel economy and tire life are at their peak, and steering andperformance are maximized. TOE
Toe-in is the turning in of the tires, while toe-out is the turning out of the tires from the geometric centerline or thrust line. The toe ensures parallel rolling of the wheels. The toe serves to offset the small deflections of the wheel support system which occur when the vehicle is rollingforward. The specified toe angle is the setting whichachieves 0 degrees of toe when the vehicle is moving. Incorrect toe-in or toe-out will cause tire wear and
reduced fuel economy. As the individual steering andsuspension components wear from vehicle mileage,
additional toe will be needed to compensate for the wear. Always correct the toe dimension last.

DescriptionAlumimun7JJ X 15
Radial Tire
P215 / 75R 15 - 30psi P235 / 75R 15 - 30psiP255 / 70R 15 - 30psi
Application
Wheel SECTION 2E
TIRES AND WHEELS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SPECIFICATIONS
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
FASTENER TIGHTENING SPECIFICATIONS
Application
Wheel Bolt
N
m
80 - 120
110 - 130
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E-1 General Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E-1
Fastener Tightening Specifications . . . . . . . . . 2E-1
Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E-2 Wear Pattern Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E-2
Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E-3 Radial Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E-3Wheel Disc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E-3
Component Locator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E-4 Wheel and Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E-4
Maintenance and Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E-5
On-Vehicle Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E-5 Wheels and Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E-5
Material Size
Tire Type Size and Tire Pressure
Steel Alumimum

2E-2 TIRES AND WHEELSDIAGNOSIS
WEAR PATTERN DIAGNOSIS
Wear Pattern Possible Cause Remedy
Wear on Both Tread Shoulders Under Inflation
Wear on Tread Center Over Inflation
Tread Torn Out Under Inflation
One-sided Tread Wear Incorrect Camber or Toe-in
Feather Edging of Tread Incorrect Toe-in
Spotty Tread Wear Out of Wheel Balance
Spotty Wear-wear Localized on Shoulder Sections Out of Wheel Balance Play in Hub Bearings Play in Ball Joint Defective Shock Absorber
Adjust AdjustAdjustAdjustAdjustAdjust Adjust
Check play
Adjust preload
Check Check