TOYOTA 4RUNNER 2008 N210 / 4.G Owners Manual

359
Ti r e relat ed ter m
Meaning
Weather sidethe surface area of the rim no
t covered by the inflated tire
Beadthe part of the tire that is made of steel wires, wrapped or reinforced by ply
cords and that is shaped to fit the rim
Bead separationa breakdown of the bond between components in the bead
Bias ply tirea pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at
alternate angles substantially less than 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread
Carcassthe tire structure, except tread and sidewall rubber which, when inflated, bears
the load
Chunkingthe breaking away of pieces of the tread or sidewall
Cordthe strands forming the plies in the tire
Cord separationthe parting of cords from adjacent rubber compounds
Crackingany parting within the tread, sidewall, or innerliner of the tire extending to cord
material
CT
a pneumatic tire with an inverted flange tire and rim system in which the rim
is designed with rim flanges pointed radi ally inward and the tire is designed
to fit on the underside of the rim in a manner that encloses the rim flanges
inside the air cavity of the tire
Extra load tirea tire designed to operate at higher l oads and at higher inflation pressures
than the corresponding standard tire

360Ti r e relat ed ter m
Meaning
Groovethe space between two adjacent tread ribs
Innerlinerthe layer(s) forming the inside surface of a tubeless tire that contains the inflat-
ing medium within the tire
Innerliner separationthe parting of the innerliner from cord material in the carcass
Intended outboard sidewall
(A) the sidewall that contains a whitew
all, bears white lettering or bears
manufacturer, brand, and/or model name molding that is higher or deeper
than the same molding on the other sidewall of the tire, or
(B) the outward facing sidewall of an asymmetrical tire that has a particular side that must always face outward when mounted on a vehicle
Light truck (LT) tirea tire designated by its manufacturer as primarily intended for use on lightweight
trucks or multipurpose passenger vehicles
Load ratingthe maximum load that a tire is rated to carry for a given inf lat ion pr es s ur e
Maximum load ratingthe load rating for a tire at the maximu m permissible inflation pressure for that
tire
Maximum permissible inflation pres-
surethe maximum cold inflation pressure to which a tire may be inflated
Measuring rimthe rim on which a tire is fitted for physical dimension requirements
Open spliceany parting at any junction of tread, sidewall, or innerliner that extends to cord
material

361
Ti r e relat ed ter m
Meaning
Outer diameterthe overall diameter of an inflated new tire
Overall widththe linear distance between the exteriors of the sidewalls of an inflated tire,
including elevations due to labeling, decorations, or protective bands or ribs
Passenger car tire
a tire intended for use on passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles,
and trucks, that have a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 10,000 lb. or
less
Plya layer of rubber−coated parallel cords
Ply separationa parting of rubber compound between adjacent plies
Pneumatic tire
a mechanical device made of rubber, chemicals, fabric and steel or other mate-
rials, that, when mounted on an automotive wheel, provides the traction and
contains the gas or fluid that sustains the load
Radial ply tirea pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at
substantially 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread
Reinforced tirea tire designed to operate at higher l
oads and at higher inflation pressures
than the corresponding standard tire
S ec t ion widt hthe linear distance between the exteriors of the sidewalls of an inflated tire,
excluding elevations due to labeling, decoration, or protective bands
Sidewallthat portion of a tire between the tread and bead
Sidewall separationthe parting of the rubber compound from the cord material in the sidewall

362Ti r e relat ed ter m
Meaning
Snow tire
a tire that attains a traction index equal
to or greater than 110, compared to
the ASTM E−1136 Standard Reference Test Tire, when using the snow traction
test as described in ASTM F−1805−00, Standard Test Method for Single Wheel
Driving Traction in a Straight Line on Snow−and Ice−Covered Surfaces, and
which is marked with an Alpine Symbol ( ) on at least one sidewall
Te s t r i mthe rim on which a tire is fitted for testing, and may be any rim listed as appropri-
ate for use with that tire
Treadthat portion of a tire that comes into contact with the road
Tread riba tread section running circumferentially around a tire
Tread separationpulling away of the tread from the tire carcass
Treadwear indicators(TWI)the projections within the principal grooves designed to give a visual indication
of the degrees of wear of the tread
Wheel−holding fixturethe fixture used to hold the wheel and tire assembly securely during testing

363
Table 1– Occupant loading and distribution for vehicle normal load for various designated seating capacities
Designated seating capacity, number
of occupants
Vehicle normal load, number of occu-
pantsOccupant distribution in a normally
loaded vehicle
2 through 422 in front
5 through 1032 in front, 1 in second seat
11 through 1552 in front, 1 in second seat, 1 in third
seat, 1 in fourth seat
16 through 2072 in front, 2 in second seat, 2 in third
seat, 1 in fourth seat

364 Vehicle load limits include total load
capacity, seating capacity, towing ca-
pacity and cargo capacity. Follow the
load limits shown below. Total load ca-
pacity and seating capacity are also
described on the tire and loading in-
formation label. For location of the tire
and loading information label, see
Checking tire inflat ion pr es s ur e" on
page 441.
Total load capacity:
With 5 occupants:431 kg (950 lb.)
With 7 occupants: 477 kg (1050 lb.)
Total load capacity means com-
bined weight of occupants, cargo
and luggage. Tongue load is in-
cluded when trailer towing. Seating capacity:
Without third seats:Total 5 (Front 2, Rear 3)
With third seats: Total 7 (Front 2, Rear 5)
Seating capacity means the maxi-
mum number of occupants whose
estimated average weight is 68 kg
(150 lb.) per person. Depending on
the weight of each person, the seat-
ing capacity given may exceed the
total load capacity.
NOTICE
Even if the number of occu-
pants are within the seating ca-
pacity, do not exceed the total
load capacity.
Towing capacity:For weight carrying hitch2268 kg (5000 lb.)
Also for weight distributing hitch
(4.7 L V8 [2UZ−FE] engine only) Two−wheel drive models3311 kg (7300 lb.)
Four−wheel drive models 3175 kg (7000 lb.)
Towing capacity means the maxi-
mum gross trailer weight (trailer
weight plus its cargo weight) that
your vehicle is able to tow.
Veh icle lo ad lim it s

365
Cargo capacity
Cargo capacity may increase or de-
crease depending on the size (weight)
and the number of occupants. For de-
tails, see Capacity and distribution"
that follows.
CAUTION
Do not apply the load more than
each load limit. That may cause
not only damage to the tires, but
also deterioration to the steering
ability and braking ability, which
may cause an accident.
When stowing cargo and luggage in
the vehicle, observe the following:
 Put cargo and luggage in the lug-
gage compartment when at all
possible. Be sure all items are se-
cured in place.
 Be careful to keep the vehicle bal-
anced. Locating the weight as far
forward as possible helps maintain
balance.
 For better fuel economy, do not
carry unneeded weight.
CAUTION
To prevent cargo and luggage
from sliding forward during
braking, do not stack anything
in the luggage compartment
higher than the seatbacks.
Keep cargo and luggage low,
as close to the floor as pos-
sible.
Do not store more than 91 kg
(200 lb.) of cargo and luggage
in the luggage compartment. If
the third seats are occupied,
do not store cargo and luggage
in the luggage compartment.
 Do not place anything on the
flattened seat or it may slide
forward during braking.
 Never allow anyone to ride in
the luggage compartment. It is
not designed for passengers.
They should ride in their seats
with their seat belts properly
fastened. Otherwise, they are
much more likely to suffer seri-
ous bodily injury, in the event
of sudden braking or a colli-
sion.
Cargo and luggage
Stowage precautions

366
Do not place anything on the
luggage cover. Such items may
be thrown about and possibly
injure people in the vehicle
during sudden braking or an
accident. Secure all items in a
safe place.
 Do not drive with objects left
on top of the instrument panel.
They may interfere with the
driver’s field of view. Or they
may move during sharp vehicle
acceleration or turning, and im-
pair the driver’s control of the
vehicle. In an accident they
may injure the vehicle occu-
pants.
Cargo capacity depends on the to-
tal weight of the occupants.
(Cargo capacity) = (Total load capac-
ity) – (Total weight of occupants)
Steps for Determining Correct
Load Limit
(1) Locate the statement The com-
bined weight of occupants and
cargo should never exceed XXX
kg or XXX lbs." on your vehicle’s
placard.
(2) Determine the combined weight of the driver and passengers that
will be riding in your vehicle.
(3) Subtract the combined weight of the driver and passengers from
XXX kg or XXX lbs. (4) The resulting figure equals the
available amount of cargo and
luggage load capacity. For exam-
ple, if the  XXX" amount equals
1400 lbs. and there will be five
150 lb passengers in your ve-
hicle, the amount of available
cargo and luggage load capacity
is 650 lbs. (1400–750
(5x150)=650 lbs.)
(5) Determine the combined weight of luggage and cargo being
loaded on the vehicle. That
weight may not safely exceed the
available cargo and luggage load
capacity calculated in Step 4.
(6) If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, load from your trailer will
be transferred to your vehicle.
Consult this manual to determine
how this reduces the available
cargo and luggage load capacity
of your vehicle.
For details about trailer towing, see
page 377.
 C ap acit y an d dist rib u t io n

367
Z20004







Example on Your Vehicle
In case that 2 people with the com-
bined weight of 166 kg (366 lb.) are
riding in your vehicle with the total
load capacity of 431 kg (950 lb.), the
available amount of cargo and lug-
gage load capacity will be as follows:With 5 occupants:431 kg – 166 kg = 265 kg.
( 950 lb. – 366 lb. = 584 lb. )
With 7 occupants: 477 kg – 166 kg = 311 kg.
(1050 lb. – 366 lb. = 684 lb.) From this condition, if 3 more passen-
gers with the combined weight of 176
kg (388 lb.) get on, the available car-
go and luggage load will be reduced
as follows:
With 5 occupants:265 kg – 176 kg = 89 kg.
( 584 lb. – 388 lb. = 196 lb. )
With 7 occupants: 311 kg – 176 kg = 135 kg.
( 683 lb. – 388 lb. = 295 lb. )
As shown in the above example, if the
number of occupants increases, the
cargo and luggage load equaling the
combined weight of occupants who
got on later must be reduced. In other
words, if the incr ease in the number
of occupants causes the excess of
the total load capacity (combined
weight of occupants plus cargo and
luggage load), you have to reduce the
cargo and luggage on your vehicle.
For details about total load capacity,
see Vehicle load limits" on page 364.
CAUTION
Even if the total load of occu-
pant’s weight and the cargo load
is less than the total load capac-
ity, do not apply the load uneven-
ly. That may cause not only dam-
age to the tire but also deteriora-
tion to the steering ability due to
unbalance of the vehicle, causing
an accident.

368
CY20024


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SEATING CONFIGURATION
VA R I AT I O N
In case of removing the rear seats,
it is possible to load as much cargo
as the weight of the removed seats.
(Cargo capacity) = (Total load capac-
ity) − (Total weight of occupants) +
(Weight of the removed rear seats)
Rear seats weights:
Each seat 11 kg (24 lb.) Determine what kind of tires your
vehicle is originally equipped with.
1. Summer tires
Summer tires are high−speed capabil-
ity tires best suited to highway driving
under dry conditions.
Since summer tires do not have the
same traction performance as snow
tires, summer tires are inadequate for
driving on snow−covered or icy roads.
For driving on snow−covered or icy
roads, we recommend using snow
tires. If installing snow tires, be sure
to replace all four tires.
2. All season tires
All season tires are designed to pro-
vide better traction in snow and to be
adequate for driving in most winter
conditions, as well as for use all year
round. All season tires, however, do not have
adequate traction performance
compared with snow tires in heavy or
loose snow. Also, all season tires fall
short in acceleration and handling
performance compared with summer
tires in highway driving.
The details about how to distinguish
summer tires from all season tires are
described on page 352.
CAUTION

Do not mix summer and all sea-
son tires on your vehicle as
this can cause dangerous han-
dling characteristics, resulting
in loss of control.
 Do not use tire other than the
manufacturer’s designated
tires, and never mix tires or
wheels of the sizes different
from the originals.
Types of tires