TOYOTA HIGHLANDER 2001 Service Repair Manual

05-564
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (3MZ-FE)
754 Author
: Date
:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)DTC No.
DTC Detection ConditionTrouble Area
P0442
P0455
P0456
Cold engine start.
EVAP VSV has been operated and turned OFF, sealing nega-
tive pressure (vacuum) in system.
ECM begins to monitor fuel tank pressure increase and one
of the following occurs (2 trip detection logic):
(a) Rapid, sharp increase in pressure occurs, indicating small
leak in EVAP system. DTC P0442 is set.
(b) Negative pressure (vacuum) is not strong enough, indicat-
ing large hole in EVAP system. DTC P0455 is set.
(c) Increase in pressure above expected amount occurs, indi-
cating small leak in EVAP system. DTC P0456 is set.
Vacuum hose has cracks, holes, or is blocked, damaged or
disconnected
Fuel tank cap incorrectly installed
Fuel tank cap has cracks or is damaged
Open or short in vapor pressure sensor circuit
Vapor pressure sensor
Open or short in EVAP VSV circuit
EVAP VSV
Open or short in CCV circuit
 CCV
Fuel tank has cracks, holes, or is damaged
Charcoal canister has cracks, holes, or is damaged
Fuel tank over fill check valve cracks, or is damaged
ECM

A76973
ECM
Fuel Tank
Charcoal
Canister EVAP VSV
Vapor Pressure
Sensor
CCV EVAP Service
PortIntake Air
Throttle
Valve
Fuel Tank Cap
Air Cleaner Case
Charcoal Canister Filter Charcoal Filter
Intake Manifold
Purge Line
Air Inlet Line EVAP Line Purge Line
Diaphragm
(Atmospheric Pressure)
Restrictor
Passage
When EVAP VSV is opened, partial vacuum is created
When CCV is
opened, air is
drawn or released
Leak Detection Area
(Purge Valve)
Air Cleaner Filter
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (3MZ-FE)
05-565
755 Author
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2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)

A85438
OpenOpen
Open
Close
Close CCV EVAP VSV
Normal Condition or
EVAP System Leak
(Normal Pressure Line)
EVAP VSV
Close Malfunction
(P0441)
EVAP VSV
Open Malfunction
(P0441)
CCV Open
Malfunction
(P0446)
CCV Close
Malfunction
(P0446)
DTC Detection
Timing
DTC Detection
Timing
DTC Detection TimingEVAP VSV is Open: ON
CCV is Open: OFF
DTC Detection
TimingAtmospheric
Pressure VSV Malfunction Condition and Leak Check
VSV Operation
Pressure in Fuel Tank
(See next page for details)
Normal
Leak
OpenLeak check (same as next page)
Normal driving
05-566
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (3MZ-FE)
756 Author
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:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)

A85439
CCV
(Operation) EVAP VSV
(Operation)
Creation of
Partial
VacuumTank & Canister
Leak Check
(DTC Detection Period) Open
*1
Closed
Open
*2Open Closed
Closed
P0442, P0456 FTP:
Pressure in
Fuel Tank
(Vapor
Pressure)
*
1: EVAP VSV is Open: ON
*
2: CCV is Open: OFFNormal Pressure
Rise
Vacuum is Relieved Leak Check
P0455Very Small Leak
(P0456)
Small Leak
(P0442)
Ambient PressureGross Leak
(P0455)
Start of
Creation of
Negative
PressureInitial Condition:

Cold start

Engine coolant temperature/intake air temperature are nearly the same
(for ex., disconnect of
Vacuum Hose) (for ex., Fuel Tank
Cap loose)
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (3MZ-FE)
05-567
757 Author
: Date
:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)

05-568
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (3MZ-FE)
758 Author
: Date
:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
MONITOR STRATEGY
Related DTCs
P0442: EVAP 0.04 inch leak
P0455: EVAP gross leak
P0456: EVAP 0.02 inch leak
Required sensors / components (Main)CCV, EVAP canister, EVAP hose, Fuel cap, Fuel tank and Purge VSV
Required sensors / components (Related)ECT sensor, FTP sensor, IAT sensor, MAF meter, Vehicle speed sensor
Frequency of operationOnce per driving cycle
DurationWithin 90 seconds
MIL operation2 driving cycles
Sequence operationNone
TYPICAL ENABLING CONDITIONS
All:
The monitor will run whenever these DTCs are not presentSee page 05-377
AltitudeLess than 7,870 ft. (2,400 m)
Battery voltage11 V or more
Throttle position learningCompleted
IAT at engine start - ECT at engine start-7 to 11.1C (-12.6 to 20F)
EVAP VSV and CCVNot operated test by scan tool
Either of the following conditions is metCondition 1 or 2
1. Purge duty cycle8% or more (vary with MAF)
2. Purge concentration for 30 seconds-5 %/% or more when vehicle speed is less than 10 km/h (6.25 mph)
RefuelNot refueled with engine running
FTP12.75 mmHg (-1.7 kPa) or more
EVAP 0.02 inch leak P0456:
ECT at engine start4.4 to 32C (39.9 to 89.6F)
IAT at engine start4.4 to 32C (39.9 to 89.6F)
IAT4.4C (39.9F) or more
Vehicle speed changeVehicle is driven by steady speed
Fuel sloshNo sloshing (i.e. fairly smooth road)
Time after engine startWithin 50 minutes
FTP change before vacuum introductionMinimum change
Fuel levelLess than 90 %
0.04 inch leakNot detected
CCV malfunctionNot detected
Vehicle speedLess than 81.25 mph (130 km/h)
Purge VSV malfunctionNot detected
Others:
ECT at engine start4.4 to 35C (39.9 to 95F)
IAT at engine start4.4 to 35C (39.9 to 95F)
IAT4.4C (39.9F) or more
Vehicle speed changeVehicle is driven by steady speed
Fuel sloshNo sloshing (i.e. fairly smooth road)
Time after engine startWithin 50 minutes
FTP change before vacuum introductionMinimum change
Fuel levelLess than 90 %

- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (3MZ-FE)
05-569
759 Author
: Date
:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
TYPICAL MALFUNCTION THRESHOLDS
EVAP 0.04 inch leak P0442:
Both of the following conditions are met:Condition 1 and 2
1. FTP change for 5 seconds from -20 mmHg (-2.67 kPa)1.3 mmHg (0.17 kPa) or more
2. FTP change for 5 seconds from -17 mmHg (-2.27 kPa)1.3 mmHg (0.17 kPa) or more
EVAP 0.02 inch leak P0456:
Both of the following conditions are met:Condition 1 and 2
1. FTP change for 5 seconds when FTP is -17 mmHg
(-2.27 kPa)0.7 mmHg (0.09 kPa) or more
2. FTP change for 5 seconds when FTP is -20 mmHg
(-2.67 kPa)0.7 mmHg (0.09 kPa) or more
EVAP gross leak P0455:
FTP when vacuum introduction compleated1.3 mmHg (0.17 kPa) or more
MONITOR RESULT
Refer to page 05-385 for detailed information.
The test value and test limit information are described as shown in the following table. Check the monitor
result and test values after performing the monitor drive pattern (see page 05-387).
TID (Test Identification Data) is assigned to each emissions-related component.
TLT (Test Limit Type):
If TLT is 0, the component is malfunctioning when the test value is higher than the test limit.
If TLT is 1, the component is malfunctioning when the test value is lower than the test limit.
CID (Component Identification Data) is assigned to each test value.
Unit Conversion is used to calculate the test value indicated on generic OBD ll scan tools.
TID $02: EVAP system - LEV ll Vacuum monitor
TLTCIDUnit ConversionDescription of Test DataDescription of Test Limit
1$01Multiply by 0.183
(mmHg)Test value of EVAP VSV stuck close:
Determined by fuel tank pressure change
during vacuum introductionMalfunction criteria for EVAP VSV stuck
closed
0$02Multiply by 0.0655
(seconds)Test value of EVAP VSV stuck open:
Determined by duration that fuel tank pres-
sure is higher than criteriaMalfunction criteria for EVAP VSV stuck
open
0$03Multiply by 0.0655
(seconds)Test value of canister closed valve (CCV):
Determined by duration that fuel tank pres-
sure is lower than criteriaMalfunction criteria for Canister Closed
Valve (CCV)
0$04Multiply by 0.0458
(mmHg)Test value 0.04 inch leak:
Determined by fuel tank pressure changeMalfunction criteria for 0.04 inch leak
0$05Multiply by 0.0458
(mmHg)Test value 0.02 inch leak:
Determined by fuel tank pressure changeMalfunction criteria for 0.02 inch leak

05-570
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (3MZ-FE)
760 Author
: Date
:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
DTC P0446 EVAPORATIVE EMISSION CONTROL
SYSTEM VENT CONTROL CIRCUIT
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The circuit description can be found in the EVAP INSPECTION PROCEDURE (see page 05-679).
INSPECTION PROCEDURE
Refer to the EVAP INSPECTION PROCEDURE (see page 05-679).
MONITOR DESCRIPTION
The ECM tests the Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) system using the fuel tank pressure sensor, Canister
Close Valve (CCV), and EVAP VSV. The ECM closes the EVAP system and creates negative pressure (vacu-
um) into it. The ECM then monitors the internal pressure using the fuel tank pressure sensor (refer to the
graphic on page 05-557).
P0446 (FOR SYSTEM DIAGRAM AND DTC DETECTION TIMING CHART, REFER TO DTC P0441
(see page 05-557))
The CCV is open under normal conditions. The CCV has the following features:
(1) After the EVAP VSV purges the EVAP from the fuel tank into the intake manifold, the CCV draws
fumes from the fuel tank into the charcoal canister.
(2) Relieves pressure inside the fuel tank when the pressure has suddenly risen.
(3) Along with the EVAP VSV, creates negative pressure (vacuum) inside the fuel tank and performs
leak tests.
The ECM checks if the CCV is ºstuck closedº. The ECM commands the CCV to open while the EVAP VSV
is open. If high negative pressure (vacuum) develops in the fuel tank and stays for more than 4 seconds,
the ECM determines that the CCV remains closed despite the open command. The ECM would then turn
on the MIL and output a DTC. The engine coolant temperature is not related to the output of this DTC.
The ECM also has a method for checking if the CCV is ºstuck openº. The ECM commands the CCV to close
while the EVAP VSV is open. If a sufficient amount of negative pressure dose not develop in the fuel tank,
the ECM determines that the CCV remains open despite the close command. The ECM would then turn on
the MIL and output a DTC.
DTC No.DTC Detection ConditionTrouble Area
P0446Open or close malfunction in CCV (2 trip detection logic)

Vacuum hose has cracks, holes, or is blocked, damaged or
disconnected

Fuel tank cap incorrectly installed

Fuel tank cap has cracks or is damaged

Open or short in vapor pressure sensor circuit

Vapor pressure sensor

Open or short in EVAP VSV circuit

EVAP VSV

Open or short in CCV circuit

CCV

Fuel tank has cracks, holes, or is damaged

Charcoal canister has cracks, holes, or is damaged

Fuel tank over fill check valve cracks, or is damaged

ECM
05MOR-01

- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (3MZ-FE)
05-571
761 Author
: Date
:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
MONITOR STRATEGY
Related DTCsP0446: CCV stuck open
P0446: CCV stuck close
Required sensors / components (Main)CCV, EVAP canister, EVAP hose, Fuel cap, Fuel tank and Purge VSV
Required sensors / components (Related)ECT sensor, FTP sensor, IAT sensor, MAF meter, Vehicle speed sensor
Frequency of operationOnce per driving cycle
DurationWithin 60 seconds
MIL operation2 driving cycles
Sequence operationNone
TYPICAL ENABLING CONDITIONS
The monitor will run whenever these DTCs are not presentSee page 05-377
AltitudeLess than 7,870 ft. (2,400 m)
Battery voltage11 V or more
Throttle position learningCompleted
IAT at engine start - ECT at engine start-7 to 11.1C (-12.6 to 20F)
EVAP VSV and CCVNot operated test by scan tool
Either of the following conditions is metCondition 1 or 2
1. Purge duty cycle8% or more (vary with MAF)
2. Purge concentration for 30 seconds-5 %/% or more when vehicle speed is less than 10 km/h (6.25 mph)
RefuelNot refueled with engine running
FTP12.75 mmHg (-1.7 kPa) or more
ECT at engine start4.4 to 35C (39.9 to 95F)
IAT at engine start4.4 to 35C (39.9 to 95F)
IAT4.4C (39.9F) or more
Vehicle speed changeVehicle is driven by steady speed
Fuel sloshNo sloshing (i.e. fairly smooth road)
Time after engine startWithin 50 minutes
FTP change before vacuum introductionMinimum change
Fuel levelLess than 90 %
TYPICAL MALFUNCTION THRESHOLDS
CCV stuck close P0446:
Duration that the following conditions 1 and 2 are met:4 seconds or more
1. Accumulated purge volume0.5 g or more
2. FTPLess than -12.75 mmHg (-1.7 kPa)
CCV stuck open P0446:
Purge VSV stuck closedDetected

05-572
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (3MZ-FE)
762 Author
: Date
:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
MONITOR RESULT
Refer to page 05-385 for detailed information.
The test value and test limit information are described as shown in the following table. Check the monitor
result and test values after performing the monitor drive pattern (see page 05-387).

TID (Test Identification Data) is assigned to each emissions-related component.

TLT (Test Limit Type):
If TLT is 0, the component is malfunctioning when the test value is higher than the test limit.
If TLT is 1, the component is malfunctioning when the test value is lower than the test limit.

CID (Component Identification Data) is assigned to each test value.

Unit Conversion is used to calculate the test value indicated on generic OBD ll scan tools.
TID $02: EVAP system - LEV ll Vacuum monitor
TLTCIDUnit ConversionDescription of Test DataDescription of Test Limit
1$01Multiply by 0.183
(mmHg)Test value of EVAP VSV stuck close:
Determined by fuel tank pressure change
during vacuum introductionMalfunction criteria for EVAP VSV stuck
closed
0$02Multiply by 0.0655
(seconds)Test value of EVAP VSV stuck open:
Determined by duration that fuel tank pres-
sure is higher than criteriaMalfunction criteria for EVAP VSV stuck
open
0$03Multiply by 0.0655
(seconds)Test value of canister closed valve (CCV):
Determined by duration that fuel tank pres-
sure is lower than criteriaMalfunction criteria for Canister Closed
Valve (CCV)
0$04Multiply by 0.0458
(mmHg)Test value 0.04 inch leak:
Determined by fuel tank pressure changeMalfunction criteria for 0.04 inch leak
0$05Multiply by 0.0458
(mmHg)Test value 0.02 inch leak:
Determined by fuel tank pressure changeMalfunction criteria for 0.02 inch leak

05-202
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (2AZ-FE)
392 Author
: Date
:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
DTC P0450 EVAPORATIVE EMISSION CONTROL SYS-
TEM PRESSURE SENSOR/SWITCH
DTC P0451 EVAPORATIVE EMISSION CONTROL SYS-
TEM PRESSURE SENSOR RANGE/PER-
FORMANCE
DTC P0452 EVAPORATIVE EMISSION CONTROL SYS-
TEM PRESSURE SENSOR/SWITCH LOW IN-
PUT
DTC P0453 EVAPORATIVE EMISSION CONTROL SYS-
TEM PRESSURE SENSOR/SWITCH HIGH IN-
PUT
DTC SUMMARY
DTCMonitoring ItemsMalfunction Detection ConditionsTrouble AreasDetection Tim-
ingsDetection
Logic
P0450Pressure sensor voltage ab-
normal fluctuationSensor output voltage rapidly fluctuates
beyond upper and lower malfunction
thresholds for 0.5 seconds.
Pump module

Connector/Wire harness
(Pump module - ECM)

ECM
EVAP monitor-
ing (ignition
OFF)

Ignition ON
1 trip
P0451Pressure sensor noisingSensor output voltage fluctuates fre-
quently in certain time period.

Pump module

Connector/Wire harness
(Pump module - ECM)

ECM
EVAP monitor-
ing (ignition
OFF)

Engine running
2 trip
P0451Pressure sensor stuckSensor output voltage does vary in cer-
tain time period.

Pump module

Connector/Wire harness
(Pump module - ECM)

ECM
EVAP monitor-
ing (ignition
OFF)
2 trip
P0452Pressure sensor voltage lowSensor output voltage is less than 0.45
V for 0.5 seconds.

Pump module

Connector/Wire harness
(Pump module - ECM)

ECM
Ignition ON

EVAP monitor-
ing (ignition
OFF)
1 trip
P0453Pressure sensor voltage highSensor output voltage is more than 4.9
V for 0.5 seconds.

Pump module

Connector/Wire harness
(Pump module - ECM)

ECM
Ignition ON

EVAP monitor-
ing (ignition
OFF)
1 trip
HINT:
The pressure sensor is built into the pump module.
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The circuit description can be found in the EVAP (Evaporative Emission) Inspection Procedure (see page
05-317).
05IR9-02