TOYOTA HIGHLANDER 2001 Service Repair Manual

- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (3MZ-FE)
05-575
765 Author
: Date
:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)DTC No.
DTC Detection ConditionTrouble Area
P0451
Vapor pressure sensor output changes extremely under these
conditions:

Vapor pressure sensor output changes often while vehicle
speed is 0 km/h (0 mph) and the engine is idling 5 to 10 se-
conds (2 trip detection logic)

Vapor pressure sensor output is stuck 5 minutes (2 trip detec-
tion logic)

Open or short in vapor pressure sensor circuit

Vapor pressure sensor

ECM
P0452Vapor pressure sensor output remains less than -30 mmHg
(2 trip detection logic)
Open or short in vapor pressure sensor circuit

Vapor pressure sensor

ECM
P0453Vapor pressure sensor output remains more than 15 mmHg
(2 trip detection logic)
Open or short in vapor pressure sensor circuit

Vapor pressure sensor

ECM
MONITOR STRATEGY
Related DTCs
P0451: FTP Sensor Noise
P0451: FTP Sensor Stuck
P0452: FTP Sensor Range Check (Low voltage)
P0453: FTP Sensor Range Check (High voltage)
Required sensors / components (Main)FTP sensor
Required sensors / components (Related)ECT sensor, IAT sensor
Frequency of operationOnce per driving cycle
Duration
7 seconds: FTP Sensor Range Check
45 seconds: FTP Sensor Noise
5 minutes: FTP Sensor Stuck
MIL operation2 driving cycles
Sequence operationNone
TYPICAL ENABLING CONDITIONS
All:
The monitor will run whenever these DTCs are not presentSee page 05-377
FTP Sensor Noise P0451:
Altitude7,870 ft. (2,400 m) or less
Battery voltage11 V or more
Throttle position learningCompleted
FTP sensor malfunction (P0452, P0453)Not detected
IAT at engine start - ECT at engine start-7 to 11.1C (-12.6 to 20F)
EVAP VSV, CCVNot operated by scan tool
ECT at engine start4.4 to 35C (40 to 95F)
IAT at engine start4.4 to 35C (40 to 95F)
FTP Sensor Stuck P0451:
Altitude7,870 ft. (2,400 m) or less
Battery voltage11 V or more
Throttle position learningCompleted
FTP sensor malfunction (P0452, P0453)Not detected
IAT at engine start - ECT at engine start-7 to 11.1C (-12.6 to 20F)
EVAP VSV, CCVNot operated by scan tool
ECT at engine start4.4 to 35C (40 to 95F)
IAT at engine start4.4 to 35C (40 to 95F)
Time after engine start5 seconds or more
0.04 inch leakNot detected
0.02 inch leakNot detected
CCV malfunctionNot detected

A76903
E2 (-) VC (+)E7
ECM
05-576
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (3MZ-FE)
766 Author
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2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
FTP Sensor Range Check P0452,P0453:
ECT at engine start10 to 35C (50 to 95F)
IAT at engine start10 to 35C (50 to 95F)
IAT at engine start - ECT at engine startLess than 12C (21.6F)
Engine conditionRunning
TYPICAL MALFUNCTION THRESHOLDS
FTP Sensor Noise P0451:
Frequency that FTP change6 times or more
FTP Sensor Stuck P0451:
FTP changeNo change for 5 minutes
FTP Sensor Range Check (Low voltage) P0452:
FTPLess than -30 mmHg (-3.999 kPa)
FTP Sensor Range Check (High voltage) P0453:
FTP15 mmHg (1.999 kPa) or more
COMPONENT OPERATING RANGE
FTP-26 to 11 mmHg (-3.5 to 1.5 kPa) or more [734 to 771 mmHg]
WIRING DIAGRAM
Refer to the EVAP INSPECTION PROCEDURE (see page 05-679).
INSPECTION PROCEDURE
HINT:

If DTCs related to different system that have terminal E2 as the ground terminal are output simulta-
neously, terminal E2 may have an open circuit.

Always troubleshoot DTCs P0441 (purge flow), P0446 (VSV for CCV), P0451, P0452 and P0453
(evaporative pressure sensor) before troubleshooting DTCs P0442, P0455 or P0456.

Read freeze frame data using the hand-held tester or the OBD II scan tool. Freeze frame data records
the engine conditions when a malfunction is detected. When troubleshooting, it is useful for determin-
ing whether the vehicle was running or stopped, the engine was warmed up or not, the air-fuel ratio
was lean or rich, etc. at the time the malfunction occured.

When the ENGINE RUN TIME in the freeze frame data is less than 200 seconds, carefully check the
vapor pressure sensor.
1 INSPECT ECM (VC VOLTAGE)
(a) Turn the ignition switch ON.
(b) Check the voltage of the ECM connector.
Standard:
Tester ConnectionSpecified Condition
E7-18 (VC) - E7-28 (E2)4.5 to 5.5 V
NG REPLACE ECM (See page 10-24)
OK

A73688
PTNK (+) E2 (-)E5
ECM
(1)
Vacuum E7
ECM
No Vacuum(2)
Vapor Pressure Sendor
A87823
Wire Harness Side
GND PTNK VCC
V11
Vapor Pressure Sensor
E5
ECME7
ECM
E2 VC
PTNK
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (3MZ-FE)
05-577
767 Author
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:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
2 INSPECT ECM (PTNK VOLTAGE)
(a) Turn the ignition switch ON.
(b) Check the voltage of the ECM connectors.
(1) Disconnect the vacuum hose from the vapor pres-
sure sensor.
Standard (1):
Tester ConnectionSpecified Condition
E5-21 (PTNK) - E7-28 (E2)2.9 to 3.7 V
(2) Using a MITYVAC (hand-held vacuum pump), ap-
ply a vacuum of 4.0 kPa (30 mmHg, 1.18 in.Hg) to
the vapor pressure sensor.
NOTICE:
The vacuum applied to the vapor pressure sensor must be
less than 66.7 kPa (500 mmHg, 19.7 in.Hg).
Standard (2):
Tester ConnectionSpecified Condition
E5-21 (PTNK) - E7-28 (E2)0.5 V or less
OK REPLACE ECM (See page 10-24)
NG
3 CHECK WIRE HARNESS (VAPOR PRESSURE SENSOR - ECM)
(a) Disconnect the V11 vapor pressure sensor connector.
(b) Disconnect the E5 and E7 ECM connectors.
(c) Check the resistance of the wire harness side connectors.
Standard:
Tester ConnectionSpecified Condition
V11-2 (PTNK) - E5-21 (PTNK)
V11-1 (GND) - E7-28 (E2)
V11-3 (VCC) - E7-18 (VC)
Below 1 W
V11-2 (PTNK) or E5-21 (PTNK) - Body ground
V11-3 (VCC) or E7-18 (VC) - Body ground10 kW or higher
NG REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS AND
CONNECTOR
OK
REPLACE VAPOR PRESSURE SENSOR ASSY

- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (2AZ-FE)
05-21 1
401 Author
: Date
:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
DTC P0455 EVAPORATIVE EMISSION CONTROL
SYSTEM LEAK DETECTED (GROSS LEAK)
DTC P0456 EVAPORATIVE EMISSION CONTROL
SYSTEM LEAK DETECTED (VERY SMALL
LEAK)
DTC SUMMARY
DTCMonitoring ItemsMalfunction Detection ConditionsTrouble AreasDetection
TimingsDetection
Logic
P0455EVAP gross leak
Vacuum pump creates negative pressure
(vacuum) in EVAP system and EVAP sys-
tem pressure measured. 0.02 inch leak
pressure standard is measured at the start
and at the end of the leak check.
If stabilized pressure higher than [second
0.02 inch leak pressure standard x 0.2],
ECM determines that EVAP system has
large leakage.
Fuel tank cap (loose)

Leakage from EVAP line
(Canister - Fuel tank)

Leakage from EVAP line
(Purge VSV - Canister)

Pump module

Leakage from fuel tank

Leakage from canister
While
ignition
switch
OFF
2 trip
P0456EVAP small leak
Vacuum pump creates negative pressure
(vacuum) in EVAP system and EVAP sys-
tem pressure measured. 0.02 inch leak
pressure standard is measured at the start
and at the end of the leak check.
If stabilized pressure larger than second
0.02 inch leak pressure, ECM determines
that EVAP system has small leakage.
Same above
While
ignition
switch
OFF
2 trip
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The circuit description can be found in the EVAP (Evaporative Emission) Inspection Procedure (see page
05-317).
INSPECTION PROCEDURE
Refer to the EVAP Inspection Procedure (see page 05-317).
05IRA-02

A96746
Fuel Tank Canister
Vacuum Pump: OFF Pressure Sensor 0.02 Inch Orifice
Pump Module
Operation A: Atmospheric Pressure Measurement
Vent Valve: OFF (vent)
Operation D: Purge VSV monitor Operation B, E: 0.02 Inch Leak Pressure Measurement
Negative
Pressure Atmospheric
Pressure Air Filter
Purge VSV: OFFOFF (vent)
ON
OFF
OFF
ON
ON (closed)ON
ON
ON (closed)
Operation C: EVAP System Pressure Measurement 05-212
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (2AZ-FE)
402 Author
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2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
MONITOR DESCRIPTION
5 hours* after the ignition switch is turned OFF, the electric vacuum pump creates negative pressure (vacu-
um) in the EVAP (Evaporative Emission) system. The ECM monitors for leaks and actuator malfunctions
based on the EVAP pressure.
HINT:
*: If the engine coolant temperature is not below 35C (95F) 5 hours after the ignition switch is turned off,
the monitor check starts 2 hours later. If it is still not below 35C (95F) 7 hours after the ignition switch is
turned off, the monitor check starts 2.5 hours later.
SequenceOperationsDescriptionsDuration
-ECM activationActivated by soak timer, 5 hours (7 or 9.5 hours) after ignition switch turned to OFF.-
AAtmospheric pressure
measurement
Vent valve turned OFF (vent) and EVAP system pressure measured by ECM in order to
register atmospheric pressure.
If EVAP pressure is not between 70 kPa and 110 kPa (525 mmHg and 825 mmHg), ECM
cancels EVAP system monitor.
10 seconds
B
First 0.02 inch leak
pressure measure-
mentIn order to determine 0.02 inch leak pressure standard, vacuum pump creates negative pres-
sure (vacuum) through 0.02 inch orifice and them ECM checks if vacuum pump and vent
valve operate normally.
60 seconds
CEVAP system pres-
sure measurement
Vent valve turned ON (closed) to shut EVAP system.
Negative pressure (vacuum) created in EVAP system, and EVAP system pressure then
measured.
Write down the measured value as it will be used in the leak check.
If EVAP pressure does not stabilize within 15 minutes, ECM cancels EVAP system monitor.
15 minutes*
DPurge VSV monitorPurge VSV opened and then EVAP system pressure measured by ECM.
Large increase indicates normal.10 seconds
E
Second 0.02 inch leak
pressure measure-
mentLeak check is performed after second 0.02 inch leak pressure standard is measured.
If stabilized system pressure higher than second 0.02 inch leak pressure standard, ECM
determines that EVAP system leaking.
60 seconds
FFinal checkAtmospheric pressure measured and then monitoring result recorded by ECM.-
* If only a small amount of fuel is in the fuel tank, it takes longer for the EVAP pressure to stabilize.

G38299
Purge VSV
Vent Valve
Vacuum Pump
EVAP Pressure
Positive
Leak Pressure
sec NegativeONON
Sequence
TimeA
10
sec60
Within 15 minutes
sec ON
First 0.02 inch
BCD
P0455
ON: Open
OFF: Closed
OFF: Vent ON: Closed
10
Standard
sec60
E
P0456
OK
EVAP Pressure when EVAP system Leaks:
Leak PressureSecond 0.02 inch
Standard x 0.2
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (2AZ-FE)
05-213
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:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
(a) P0455: EVAP (Evaporative Emission) gross leak
In operation C, the vacuum pump creates negative pressure (vacuum) in the EVAP system and the EVAP
system pressure is measured. If the stabilized system pressure is higher than [second 0.02 inch leak pres-
sure standard x 0.2] (near atmospheric pressure), the ECM determines that the EVAP system has a large
leakage, illuminates the MIL and sets the DTC (2 trip detection logic).
(b) P0456: EVAP very small leak
In operation C, the vacuum pump creates negative pressure (vacuum) in the EVAP system and the EVAP
system pressure is measured. If the stabilized system pressure is higher than second 0.02 inch leak pres-
sure standard, the ECM determines that the EVAP system has a small leakage, illuminates the MIL and sets
the DTC (2 trip detection logic).
OBD II MONITOR SPECIFICATIONS
Monitor Strategy
Required Sensors/ComponentsPurge VSV and pump module
Frequency of OperationOnce per driving cycle
DurationWithin 15 minutes (varies with amount of fuel in tank)
MIL Operation2 driving cycles
Sequence of OperationNone
Typical Enabling Conditions
The monitor will run whenever these DTCs are not presentSee page 05-16
EVAP key-off monitor runs when all of the following condi-
tions met-
Atomspheric pressure525 to 825 mmHg (70 to 110 kPa)
Battery voltage10.5 V or more
Vehicle speedBelow 4 km/h (2.5 mph)
Ignition switchOFF
Engine conditionNot running
Time after engine stopped5 hours
FTP sensor malfunction (P0450, P0452, P0453)Not detected
Purge VSVNot operated by scan tool
Vent valveNot operated by scan tool

05-214
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (2AZ-FE)
404 Author
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:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U) Leak detection pump
Not operated by scan tool
Both of the following conditions are met before IG switch
OFFCondition 1 and 2
1. Duration that vehicle is driven5 min. or more
2. Purge flowExecuted
ECT4.4 to 35C (40 to 95F)
IAT4.4 to 35C (40 to 95F)
Example of re-start time
First time7 hours
Second time9 hours and 30 min.
Key-of f monitor sequence: 1 to 8
1. Atmospheric pressure
Next sequence is run if following condition met-
Atmospheric pressure change for 10 sec.Within 2.25 mmHg (0.3 kPa) for 1 sec.
2. First reference pressure
Next sequence is run if all of following conditions metCondition 1, 2 and 3
1. FTP when 4 sec. after reference pressure measurement-7.5 mmHg (-1 kPa) or less
2. Reference pressure-36.47 to -7.93 mmHg (-4.85 to -1.057 kPa)
3. Reference pressureSaturated
3. Vent valve stuck closed check
Next sequence is run if following condition met-
FTP change for 10 sec. after vent valve ON (closed)2.25 mmHg (0.3 kPa) or more
4. Vacuum introduction and leak
Next sequence is run if both of following conditions metCondition 1 and 2
1. Vacuum introduction timeWithin 15 min.
2. FTPFTP was saturated
5. Purge VSV stuck closed check
Next sequence is run if following condition met-
FTP change for 10 sec. after purge VSV ON (open)2.25 mmHg (0.3 kPa) or more
6. Second reference pressure measurement
Next sequence is run if all of following conditions metCondition 1, 2, 3 and 4
1. FTP when 4 sec. after reference pressure measurement-7.5 mmHg (-1 kPa) or less
2. Reference pressure-36.47 to -7.93 mmHg (-4.85 to -1.057 kPa)
3. Reference pressureSaturated
4. Reference pressure difference between first and secondLess than 5.25 mmHg (0.7 kPa)
7. Leak check
Next sequence is run if following condition met-
FTP when vacuum introduction was completeLower than second reference pressure
8. Atmospheric pressure
Monitor is complete if following-
Atmospheric pressure difference between sequence 1 and 8Within 2.25 mmHg (0.3 kPa)
Typical Malfunction Thresholds
P0455: EVAP gross leak
FTP when vacuum introduction was completeHigher than reference pressure x 0.2
P0456: EVAP small leak
FTP when vacuum introduction was completeBetween 1 and 2
Condition 1Higher than second reference pressure
Condition 2Lower than reference pressure x 0.2

- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (2AZ-FE)
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2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
MONITOR RESULT (MODE 06)
Refer to page 05-317 for detailed information on Monitor Result.

A79413
From
Speed SensorSkid
Control
ECU4-Pulse
Combination
Meter4-Pulse
ECM 05-216
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (2AZ-FE)
406 Author
: Date
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2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
DTC P0500 VEHICLE SPEED SENSOR ºAº
DTC P0503 VEHICLE SPEED SENSOR ºAº
INTERMITTENT/ERRATIC/HIGH
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The speed sensor detects the wheel speed and sends the appropriate signals to the skid control ECU. The
skid control ECU converts these wheel speed signals into a 4-pulse signal and outputs it to the ECM via
the combination meter. The ECM determines the vehicle speed based on the frequency of these pulse sig-
nals.
DTC No.DTC Detection ConditionTrouble Area
P0500
P0503
The ECM detects the following conditions simultaneously for 2
seconds (1 trip detection logic):

No SPD (speed sensor) signal is output when ECM detects
NC (transmission counter gear) signal is more than 300 rpm.

Park/Neutral position switch is OFF (when shift lever is in
other than P and N positions)
Open or short in speed sensor circuit

Speed sensor

Combination meter

ECM

Skid control ECU
MONITOR DESCRIPTION
The ECM assumes that the vehicle is being driven when the transmission counter gear indicates more than
300 rpm and over 30 seconds have passed since the park/neutral position switch was turned OFF. If there
is no signal from the vehicle speed sensor with these conditions satisfied, the ECM concludes that the ve-
hicle speed sensor is malfunctioning. The ECM will turn on the MIL and will set a DTC.
MONITOR STRATEGY
Related DTCsP0500: VSS Circuit
Required sensors/ components (Main)Vehicle speed sensor (VSS), Combination meter, ABS ECU
Required sensors / components (Related)Transmission counter gear Speed (CS) sensor, PNP switch, ECT sensor
Frequency of operationContinuous
Duration2 seconds
MIL operationImmediate
Sequence of operationNone
05EVI-05

A85370
C12
Combination Meter
13WCenter J/B
17
E65 V
SPDECM
9
3J1
3B
1
E9
E1 BR J7
J/C
A
A
BRY
IL29
Y
EE
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (2AZ-FE)
05-217
407 Author
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:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
TYPICAL ENABLING CONDITIONS
The monitor will run whenever these DTCs are not presentSee page 05-16
Transmission counter gear speed300 rpm or more
Engine conditionRunning
Ignition switchON
Battery voltage8 V or more
StarterOFF
Either of the following conditions is met:Condition 1 and 2
Condition 1:-
Time after PNP switch turns from ON to OFF2 sec. or more
ECT and ECT sensorECT is 20C (68F) or more and ECT sensor dose not malfunction (P0115 or
P0116)
Condition 2:-
Time after PNP switch turns from ON to OFF30 sec. or more
ECT and ECT sensorECT is less than 20C (68F) or ECT sensor fail is detected (P0115 or P0116)
TYPICAL MALFUNCTION THRESHOLDS
Sensor signalNo pulse input
WIRING DIAGRAM