sensor AUDI A4 2016 Owners Manual

Instruments and indicator lights
TPMS
14
USA models:
Anti-lock brak ing system (ABS) de­
fective,/
¢ page 19
Canada mod els :
Anti-lock brak ing system (A BS) de­
fective,/
¢ page 19
USA models :
Safety systems ./
¢page 19
Canada models :
Safety systems ./
¢page 19
Worn brake pads
¢page20
Elect romechan ical park ing brake
¢page 16
Tire pressure monitoring
system ,/
¢page 235
Tire pressure monitor ing system
¢page235
Electronic power control ./
¢page20
Malf unct io n ind icator Lamp (MIL)
,I
c::> page 20
Engi ne speed limitat ion
c::> page20
Engine oil level
c::> page 17
Engine oil sensor
c::>page20
Battery
c::>page 16
Tank system
c::>page20
Wa rm up engine *
¢page 199
Windshield washe r fl uid leve l
¢page 21
Windshield wipers
¢page 21
Remote control key
¢ page 83
Battery in remote control key
¢page 33
Defect ive light bulb wa rning
<=> page 21
Fog lights
¢page 21
Rear fog light(s)*
Head light range control*
<=> page 21
Adaptive light*
Light -/rai n sensor*
<=> page 21
Adaptive dampers*
¢page22
Sport different ial*
<=> page22
Ig nition loc k
¢page22
Steering co lumn lock
¢ page 18
Elec tromechanical stee ring, dy­
nam ic stee ring *,/
c>page 181
Transmission
- mu ltitronic, tiptronic
¢ page 96
-S tro n ic c::> page 96
Transmission
-S tron ic
¢ page 96
Other indicator light s _ ___::__ ________ _
Turn signals
<=>page 22
USA models : Cruise control
c> page88
Canad a mod els : Cruise control
¢ page88

Instruments and indicator lights
(0) Worn brake pads
EiJ Brake pads!
If the warn ing light illum inates, immed iate ly
contact your authorized A ud i dealer o r qualified
wo rkshop to have all brake pads inspected. O n
USA models the wa rni ng lig ht
EiJ comes on to ­
gethe r wi th the war ning l igh t
1111 . Both sets of
b rake pads on an ax le m ust always be rep lace d at
the same time .
A WARNING
Driv ing with bad bra kes can ca use a co llision
and ser ious personal in jury.
- If the wa rning light
EiJ and the warning
light
11111 ) w ith the message Brake pads !
comes on in the instrument cl uster display,
i mmediately contact your author ized Audi
dealer or qualified workshop to have all
bra ke pads checked o r rep laced if necessary.
EPC Electronic power control
This warning/indicator light monitors the elec­
tronic power control .
-
The~ warni ng/indicator light (Electronic Powe r
Control) ill uminates when you switch the ign ition
on as a function check.
(D} Tips
If this wa rning/in dicator light ill uminates
wh ile you are driving, then there is a mal func­
tion in the eng ine electron ics. Have the ma l­
function corrected as soon as possib le by yo ur
author ized A udi dealer or a qualified repair fa­
cility .
0 Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)
The Malfunc tion Ind ica tor Lam p (M IL) is part of
the On-Boa rd Di ag nosti c (O BD II) system. The
symbo l
('4 lights up whe n the ignition is swi tch ­
e d on and wi ll turn off after the engine has sta rt·
e d and has sett led at a constant idle speed . This
i n dicates that the MIL is working p roperly.
l ) - : USA mode ls o nly
20
The wa rning lig ht ill uminates w hen the re is a
malfunction in the engine electronic system.
Contact yo ur aut ho rized Aud i dea le r and have the
malfunction corrected.
An impro per ly closed fue l filler cap may also
ca use the MIL light to illuminate ¢
page 200 .
For more info rm ation c::> page 29 .
!?) Engine speed limitation
App lies to vehicles : wi th engine speed limitatio n
lfl Do not exceed max. engine speed of XXXX
rpm
The lfl symbo l illu min ates when the re is an en­
gine co ntro l ma lf u nct ion. The~ indica tor ligh t
in the instrument clus ter also illum ina tes . T he
engine spee d is limited to the s peed displayed in
the d river info rmation system. Keep in mind t hat
the engine speed w ill not exceed the value dis ­
played in the driver information system, for ex­
amp le w hen downshifting.
D rive to your authorized A udi dealer immediate ly
to have the mal function cor rected .
~~. Engine oil sensor
• Oil level! Sensor defective
If the symbol illuminates, contact your author ­
i zed Audi dealer and have the oil sensor inspect­
ed. Until yo u have this done, chec k the oi l level
each time you refuel just to be on the safe side
¢ page 207.
Bu Tank system
Ii] Please refuel
If the indicato r light turns on for the first time
and t he message appea rs, the re are about
2.1- 2.4 gallons (7 • 9 lite rs) of fuel left in the
ta nk. Time to refuel¢
page 200 .
Ii] Fuel tank system malfunct ion! Contact deal -
er ..,.

..... N
0 ::..:: co ..... ..... If the indicator light turns on and this message
appears, there is a malfunction in the tank sys­
tem.
Drive to your authorized Audi dealer immediately
to have the malfunction corrected.
Ci:> Windshield washer flu id level
ra, Please refill washer fluid
If the symbol illuminates, add windshield washer
fluid to the washer system and also to the head­
light washer system*
I:!) page 216.
~ Windshield wipers
El Windshield wiper defective
There is a malfunction with the windshield wip­
ers.
Drive to your authorized Audi dealer immediately
to have the malfunction corrected.
~/ }D 10$ Defective light bulb warning
If the r.:I indicator light turns on, a bulb has
failed. The message indicates the location of the
bulb.
- If the Im indicator light also turns on, then a
fog light has failed. The position of the indica­
tor light corresponds with the location on the
v eh icl e.
- If the II indicator light also turns on, then a
rear fog* light has failed. The position of the in­
dicator light corresponds with the location on
th e vehicle.
This warning can also occur if the light switch is
in an unengaged position between two symbols.
Vehicle lights: System fault!
If the me ssage appears, there is a malfunction in
the headlights or light switch .
Drive to your authori zed Audi dealer immediately
to have the malfunction cor rected.
Instruments and indicator lights
A WARNING
- Light bulbs are pressurized and could ex­
plode while they are being changed causing
serious personal injury .
-
-Work with due care when handling the high­
voltage section of gas discharge (xenon)
lights* . Failure to do so could result in death
or serious injury.
@ Tips
Have the bulb replaced or the connection re­
paired by your authorized Audi Service depart ­
ment.
i,0 Headlight range control
Applies to vehicles: with headlight range control
B Headlight range control defective !
If the symbol B illuminates, the dynamic head­
light range control is no longer working properly .
Have the system checked and repaired at your au­
thorized Audi dealer.
§0 Adaptive Light
Applies to vehicles: with adaptive light
r!J Audi adaptive light: defective
If the indicator light turns on and this message
appears , there is a malfunction in the adaptive
light system. The headlights still function.
Go to an authorized dealership to have the head ­
lights or the control unit for the adaptive light re­
paired.
@. o Light/rain sensor
Applies to vehicles: with light/rain sensor
II Automatic headlights/ automatic wipers
defective
If the indicator light turns on and this message
appears , the light/rain sensor is not functioning
correctly.
For safety reasons the low beams are turned on
permanently with the switch in
AUTO. However, .,.
21

Instruments and indicator lights
you can continue to turn the lights on and off us ­
ing the light switch . You can still control a ll func­
tions that are independent of the rain sensor
through the w indshield wiper lever.
Contact your author ized Audi dealer as soon as
possible to have the problem corrected.
; Adaptive dampers
Applies to vehicles: with Audi drive select and adaptive damp­
ers
B Su spen sion : S yst em fault!
If the B symbol in the display comes on, there is
a ma lf u nction in the adaptive dampers . P lease go
to an author ized Audi de aler or qu alified work­
shop to have the ma lfunction repaired .
!-: Sport differential
Applies to vehicles: with Audi drive select and sport differen ­
tial
Sport differ ential: Syst em fault!
There is a malfunction with the sport differential.
Drive to your authorized Aud i dea ler immediately
to have the malfunct ion corrected.
Sport differential: Overhe ating
The transmission tempe rature has increased s ig­
n ificant ly due to the sporty driv ing manne r. D rive
i n a less sporty manner until the temperature re­
turns to the normal range and the indicator light
switches of.
A WARNING
Contact your authorized A udi dealer or quali­
fied workshop if the sport differential is faulty
or ma lfunctioning. The repa ir must be per­
formed by trained personnel us ing the correct
oil in order to ensure safety .
~ Ignition lock
II Ignition lock defective
There is a malfunction in the electronic ignition
lock . Please go to an authorized Audi dea ler or
other qualified workshop to have the malfu nction
repaired .
22 ¢
Q Turn
signals
Wheneve r yo u use the left B or the right Ill
turn s ignal , the ind ic a tor light blinks. When you
u se the emergency flashe rs, both indicator ligh ts
f lash.
If one of the tu rn signa l ligh t bulbs bu rn out, the
turn s ignal will b link t wice as fast as no rmal.
Caref ully drive to yo ur a uth o rized Aud i dea ler im­
mediate ly to have the malfunction corrected.

.... N
0
""' CX)
.... I.Cl U"I
.... I.Cl ....
"'To lock the vehicle, close the door and touch
the sensor in the door hand le
once ~ fig. 22
~ A in General description on page 31 . Do not
reach inside the door handle .
The vehicle can be locked and un locked at any
door . The remote control key cannot be more
than 1.5 m away from the door handle. It makes
no difference whether the master key is in your
jacket pocket or in your brief case .
If you grip the door handle while locking, this can
adversely affect the locking function.
It is not possible to re-open the door for a b rief
period directly after closing it. This allows you to
ensure that the doors are properly locked.
It depends on the settings in the radio or MMI*
whether the entire vehicle is unlocked or one of
the doors
~ page 36.
A WARNING
Read and follow all WARNINGS~&. in Gener­
al description on page 31.
@ Tips
If your vehicle has been standing for an ex ­
tended period, please note the following:
- The proximity sensors are deactivated after
a few days to save power. You then have to
pull on the door handle once to unlock the
vehicle and a second time to open the vehi­
cle.
- To p revent the battery from being dis­
charged and to preserve your vehicle's abili­
ty to start for as long as possible, the ener­
gy management system gradua lly switches
off unnecessary convenience functions. It is
possible that you will not be ab le to unlock
your vehicle using these convenience func­
tions .
- Fo r Decla ration of Comp liance to United
States FCC and Industry Canada regu lations
~page 261.
Open ing and closing
Locking and unlocking the vehicle from
inside
Fig. 23 Drive r's door; power lock ing sw itch
"' Press the button@ to lock the vehicle ~ &,.
"' Press the button 63 to unlock the veh icle
~ fig. 23.
If you lock the veh icle using the power lock ing
switch , please note the following:
- If a door is open, the veh icle cannot be locked
using the power locking system switch .
- You cannot open the doors or the rear lid from
the
outside (increased security, for example
when you are stopped at a red light).
- The diodes in the power locking switch illumi­
nate when a ll the doors are closed and locked .
- Front doors : you can unlock and open the doors
from the inside by pulling on the door handle.
- Rear doors: pull the door handle
once to re­
lease the lock. Pull the handle
again to open
the door .
- If you have a crash and the airbag is activated,
the doors automat ically unlock .
A WARNING ,-
-The power locking switch works with the ig-
n ition off and automatically locks the entire
vehicle when it is actuated.
- On a vehicle locked from the ou tside the
power locking system switch is ino perative.
- Locked doors make it more difficult for
emergency workers to get in to the vehicle,
which puts lives at ris k . Do not leave anyone
behind in the vehicle, especially children. ""
35

Light and Vision
Light and Vision
Exterior lighting
Switching the lights on and off
Fig. 42 Instrument panel : headlig ht co ntrol sw itch
Light switch ·'t/;
T u rn the switch c::> fig. 42 to the co rresponding
position . When the lights are switched on, the :
00
:
symbo l turns on.
O -The lights are off or the daytime r unning
lights are on :
-USA mode ls: The daytime running lig hts are
activated when the light switch
c:) fig . 42 is in
the
O pos it ion or the AUTO position (only in
daylight cond it ions) . The daytime runn ing
l ights fu nction can be turned on a nd off in the
r ad io or MM I* menu
Exterior lighting
c:) page 49, c::> & .
-Canada mo del s: T he daytime runn ing lights are
activ ated when t he lig ht switch
c:) fig . 42 is in
the
o pos it ion, :oo : position or the AUTO pos i­
tion (only in daylight condit ions). The dayt ime
runn ing lights fu nction cannot be tur ned off
c> & .
AUTO * -Automatic headlights switch on and off
depending on brightness, for example in twilight,
du ring ra in or i n tunne ls
c::> & .
;o o: -Side marker lights
fD -Low beam headlights
Fog lights /rear fog light (s)*
Press the appropriate button c::> fig. 42 :
}0 -Fog lights
O* -Rear fog light(s)
48 adaptive light*
When switched on
, adap tive ligh t ad ap ts to
curves in the roa d depending on the vehicle
speed and the steering ang le. Th is prov ides bet­
ter light ing th rough the curve. The system oper­
ates at speeds between approximately 6 mph (10 km/h) and 68 mph (110 km/h).
Static cornering light* (veh icles with adaptive
li ght) -the corne ring light switches on at speeds
up to approximately 25 mph (40 km/h) when a
ce rtain steering wheel angle is reached or when a
turn signal is act ivated . The area to the side of
the veh icle is illuminated better when turning .
T he adaptive light and the cornering light only
funct ion when the switc h is in the AUTO position
(automat ic head lights*) .
A WARNING
- Daytime r unning lights and au tomatic head­
lights* are o nly intended to ass ist the d river .
They do not relieve the d rive r of his res pon­
sibility to check t he headlights and to tur n
t hem on m anually accordi ng to the curren t
light and visibili ty cond itions. For example,
fog cannot be detected by the light sen­
sors*. So a lways switch on the headlights
io
unde r these weather conditions and when
driving in the dark .
- Crashes can happen when you cannot see
the road ahead and when you cannot be
seen by ot her motorists. Always tur n on the
headlights so that yo u can see ahead a nd so
that others can s ee yo ur ca r from the back .
- Please obey all laws w hen us ing the lighting
sys tems described here.
(D Note
The rear fog lights* shou ld only be turned on
i n accordance with traffic regu lation, as the
lights are bright for following traff ic.
{!) Tips
- The light sensor* for headlight contro l is lo ­
cated in the rear view m irror mount. You
should the refore not apply any stickers to .,.

.... N
0
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.... I.Cl U"I
.... I.Cl ....
the windshield in this area in order to
prevent malfunctions or failures.
- Some exterior lighting functions can be ad­
justed
c:, page 49.
- When you remove your key from the igni­
tion while the vehicle's lights are turned on,
a buzzer sounds as long as the driver's door
is open.
- In cool or damp weather, the inside of the
headlights, turn signals and tail lights can
fog over due to the temperature difference
between the inside and outside. They will
clear shortly after switching them on. This does not affect the service life of the light­
ing .
- In the event of a light sensor malfunction,
the driver is notified in the instrument clus­
ter display
c:, page 21.
Turn signals and high beam lever
The lever operates the turn signals, the high
beams and the headlight flasher.
Fig. 43 Turn signal and high beam lever
Turn signals¢¢
g N
0
~ CD
The turn signals activate when you move the lev­
er into a turn signal position when the ignition is
switched on.
@ -right turn signal
@-left turn signal
The turn signal blinks three times if you just tap
the lever.
High beams and headlight flasher ~D
Move the lever to the corresponding position:
@-high beams on
Light and Vision
@-high beams off or headlight flasher
The indicator light
II in the instrument cluster
turns on.
Notes on these features
- The turn signals only work with the ignition
turned on. The indicator lights. or
II in the
instrument cluster also blink.
- After you have turned a corner, the turn signal
switches off automatically.
- The
high beam works only when the headlights
are on. The indicator light
II in the instrument
cluster illuminates when the high beams are
on.
- The
headlight flasher works only as long as you
hold the lever -even if there are no lights
switched on . The indicator light
II in the in­
strument cluster illuminates when you use the
headlight flasher.
WARNING
Do not use the high beam or headlight flasher
if you know that these could blind oncoming
traffic.
Adjusting exterior lighting
The functions are selected in the radio or MMI* .
.,. Select: !CAR I function button> Exterior light­
ing .
Or
.,. Select: 1-C~A ~ R-.l function button > Car systems*
control button > Vehicle settings > Exterior
lighting.
Coming home (light when leaving car)*,
Leaving home (light when unlocking car)*
The coming home function illuminates the area
around the vehicle when the ignition is switched
off and the driver's door is opened. Depending on
vehicle equipment, the function can be switched on and off or the length of time the lights remain
on* can be adjusted .
The
leaving home function illuminates the area
around the vehicle when unlocking it. This func-
tion can be switched on and off.
ll>
49

Light and Vision
Rear window sun shade
Applies to vehicles: with rear window sun shade
Fig. 52 With MMI: Button for rear window sun shade
F ig. 53 Withou t MMI: Button for rear window sun shade
• To extend/retract the sun shade, press the [iii)
button ¢ fig. 52 or ¢ fig. 53.
You can adjust the settings for the rear sun shade
so the shade retracts automatically when you se­
lect the reverse gear. To do th is, select the
I CAR !
function button>
Window s> Rear blind > auto­
matic > on
or! CAR ! function button> C ar sy s­
tem s*
control button > Vehicle settings > Auto­
matic rear blind > On .
The current se tting is au­
tomatically stored and assigned to t he remo te
key. The sun shade is extended again as soon as
the vehicle is traveling forward at a speed greater
than 9 mph (15 km/h) if the ignition has not
been switched off in the meant ime.
A WARNING
Whe n lowering or ra is ing the sunshade, make
sure there is nothing in its way and that it has
a free path to travel. This could cause person­
al injury.
54
@ Tips
- Pressing the button~ several times con­
secut ive ly can t rigger the overload protec­
t ion. The sun shade can only be extended/
retracted again after a brief wait ing per iod .
- The rear window sun shade o nly functions
when the veh icle inter ior is warmer than
14°F (-10°C).
Windshield wipers
Switching the windshield wipers on
f
• ®
• @
·®
• @
•®
Fi g. 54 Windshield wiper lever
* (!) ~ @
Fig. 55 allroa d: Rear wipe r actuat ion
Move the windshie ld w iper lever to the co rre­
sponding posi tion:
@ -Windshie ld w iper off
0
0
~
"'
" r-~ 0 :::, @ -Interval mode. To extend/shorten the w iper
i ntervals, move the switch @ to the left/right. In
vehicles with a rain sensor* the wipers turn o n in
the rain once the vehicle speed exceeds approx i­
mately 2 mph (4 km/h). The higher the sensitivi-
ty of the rain senso r* is set (sw itch @ to the
r ight), t he earlier the wi ndshield wipe rs reac t to
moist ure on the w indshield. In some models, yo u ..,.

..... N
0 ::..:: co ..... ..... can switch rain sensor mod e off and sw itch int er­
mi ttent mode on in the MMI*. Select: I CARlfunc­
tion button
> Ca r sys te m s* control button > Driv·
er a ssist
> Ra in se nsor . In interm ittent mode,
you c an adju st the interva l time u sing the @
switch .
@-Slow wiping
@-Fast wiping
© -Sing le wipe
® -Clean the windshield . To elimina te w ater
droplets, the windshield wiper performs one af­
terwipe operat ion after several seconds while
driving . You can sw itch this function off by mov­
i ng the lever to position ® within
10 seconds of
the afterwipe operat ion. The afte rw ipe funct io n
is reactivated the next t ime the ignit io n is switch­
ed on.
allroad: The rear wiper automatically switches on
when the reverse gear is engaged and the fro nt
windsh ie ld w ipers are on and in operation .
C lean ing the headlights* . The headlight washer
system* ope rates on ly when t he headlights a re
on .
If you move t he leve r to pos ition ®· the
h eadligh ts a re washed in intervals.
@ -allroad: Wipe the rear window . The rear wip­
e r moves about every 4 seconds.
(J) -allroad: Clean the rear window . The number
of wip ing operations depends on how long the
lever is held in posit ion
(J) .
A WARNING
- T he rain senso r is only intended to assist the
dr iver. The driver is still responsib le for
man ua lly switching the wipers on accord ing
to the visibility conditions.
- T he windshie ld may not be treated wi th wa­
ter -repell ing windsh ield coa ting agents . Un­
favorable conditions, s uch as wetness, dark­
ness, low sun, can result in increased glare.
Wiper blade chatter is also possible .
- Properly function ing windshield wiper
blades are required for a clear view and safe
dr iv ing ¢
page 56, Replacing windshield
wiper blades .
Light and Vision
(D Note
-In the case of frost, check whether the
w indshield wiper blades are frozen to the
w indshield. Switching on the w indshield
w ipers can damage the w iper blades!
- Pr ior to using a car wash, the w indshield
w iper system must be sw itched off (lever in
position @). This helps to prevent un inten­
tional switch ing on and damage to the
w indshield wiper system .
(D Tips
-The windshie ld w ipers are switched off
when the ig nit ion is turned off . Act ivate the
w indshield wipers after the ignition is
switched back on by moving the w indshield
w iper lever to a ny position.
- Worn or dirty windshie ld w iper blades resu lt
in st reaking. This can affect the rain sensor*
function. Che ck your w indshield w iper
blades reg ularly.
- T he washer f luid noz zles of the w indshie ld
washer system a re heated at low tempera­
t u res when the ign ition is on .
- When s topping tempo rar ily, (e .g . at a t raf­
fic ligh t) the set speed of the winds hield
wipers is a utomatically reduced by one
speed .
Cleaning windshield wiper blades
Clean the windshie ld wipe r blades when they be­
gin to leave st reaks. Use a soft cloth and gla ss
cleaner to clean the windshield wiper blades.
Front wip er
.,. Place the windshie ld wiper arms in the service
position. R efe r to
c::> page 56 .
.,. Lift the w iper a rm away from the front window.
Rear wiper*
.,. Lift the w iper arm away from the rear w indow .
A WARNING p.----
Dirty windshie ld wiper blades can impair yo ur
v iew. This can lead to accidents .
55

Audi adaptive cruise control and braking guard
Audi adaptive cruise
control and braking
guard
Introduction
Applies to vehicles: with Audi adaptive cruise contro l
The adaptive cruise control system assists the
driver by regulating vehicle speed and helping to
maintain a set distance to the veh icle ahead ,
within the limits of the system. If the system de­
tects a moving vehicle up ahead, adaptive cruise
control can brake and then accelerate your vehi­
cle. This helps to make driving more comfortable
on long highway stretches.
The braking guard system can warn you about an
impending collision and initiate braking maneu­
vers
c::> page 104.
Adaptive cruise control and braking guard have
technical limitations that you must know, so
please read th is section carefully, understand
how the system works and use them properly at
all times.
General information
General information
Applies to veh icles: with Audi adaptive cruise control
Fig. 112 Front of t he veh icle: Posit ion of radar sensor
The area that contains the radar sensor
c::> fig . 112 must never be covered by st ickers or
other objects or obstructed with dirt, insects,
snow or ice that w ill interfere w ith the adaptive
cruise control system and braking guard. For in­
formation on cleaning, refer to
c::> page 193. The
same appl ies for any modifications made in the
front area .
98
The function of the adaptive cruise control sys ­
tem and braking guard is limited under some
condit ions:
- Objects can only be detected when they are
within sensor range
<:!) page 100, fig . 115.
-The system has a limited ability to detect ob­
jects that are a short distance ahead, off to the
side of your vehicle or moving into your lane.
- Some k inds of veh icles are hard to detect; for
example motorcycles, veh icles with high
ground clearance or overhanging loads may be
detected when it is too late or they may not be
detected at all.
- When driving through curves
c:::> page 99.
- Stationary objects
i::!) page 99 .
& WARNING
-Always pay attention to traffic when adaptive
cruise control is switched on and braking
guard is active. As the driver, you are still re­
sponsible for starting and for maintaining
speed and distance to other objects . Braking
guard is used to assist you . The driver must
always take act ion to avoid a collision . The
driver is always responsible for braking at the
cor rect time.
- Improper use of adaptive cruise contro l can
cause collisions, other accidents and serious
personal injury.
- Never let the comfort and convenience that
adapt ive cr uise control and braking guard
offe r distract you from the need to be alert
to traffic conditions and the need to remain
in full control of your ve hicle at all times,
- Always remember that the adaptive cruise
control and braking guard have limits -they
will not slow the vehicle down or maintain
the set distance when you dr ive towards an
obstacle or something on or near the road
that is not moving, such as vehicles stopped
in a traff ic jam, a stalled or disabled veh icle.
If registered by the radar sensor, veh icles o r
obstacles that are not moving can trigger a
coll ision warning and if confirmed by the
video camera, an acute collision warning. ..,