AUDI A5 COUPE 2014 Manual Online

vehicle speed excee ds the set speed by about
3 mph (3 km/h). At the same time, a wa rning
symbo l appears in the d isp lay . The symbol's
appearance might be different in some mod­
e ls.
The speed warning system has two warning thresholds that function independently of
each other and that have somewhat different
pu rposes:
Speed warning 1
You ca n use speed warnin g 1 to set the maxi ­
mum s peed w hile you are driv ing. Th is sett ing
will remain in effect until you t urn off the igni ­
tion, assuming that you have not changed or reset the setting.
The . (USA mo dels) /. (Canada mo dels)
speed warning symbol in the warning 1 dis­
p lay appears when you exceed t he maximum
speed. It goes o ut w hen t he speed fa lls below
the s tored max imum speed.
T he speed warning symbo l wi ll also go out i f
the speed
exceeds the stored maximum speed
by more than about 25 mph (40 km/h) for at
least 10 seconds. The stored maxim um speed
i s deleted .
Speed warning 2
Storing warn ing 2 is recommended if you al­
ways
want to be reminded of a certa in speed ,
for example when you a re traveling in a coun­
try that has a general maximum speed limi t,
or if you do not want to exceed a spec if ied
speed fo r winter tires.
The . (USA models) /. (Canada models)
speed war ning 2 symbo l appears in the d is ­
p lay w hen you exceed the stored spee d lim it.
Unlike war nin g 1, it will not go out u nti l th e
ve hicl e spee d drops be low the store d spee d
li m it.
Set ting s peed wa rning 2
r::;, page 79 .
@ Tips
Even t hough you r vehicle is equipped with
a speed warning system, yo u should st ill
On the road 79
watch the spee dome ter to ma ke sur e yo u
are not dr iv ing faste r th an the speed limit .
Speed warning 1: setting a speed limit
Warning threshold 1 is set by the !SE TI bu t­
ton.
Fig . 79 SE T button in the instr um ent cl uste r
Storing the maximum speed
.. Dr ive at the des ired maximum speed .
.,. Press the
!SE TI button in the instrument
pane l d isp lay
o fig . 79 for 1 second .
Resetting the maximum speed
.. Dr ive the vehicle at a speed of at least
3 mph (5 km/h)
.. Press the
!SE TI button for more than 2 sec-
onds.
T he . (USA models)/ . (Canada models)
speed warning symbo l wi ll appear brief ly in
the d is play when you release the
I SE TI button
to indicate t hat the ma ximum speed has been
stor ed successfully .
The maxim um speed rema ins stored until it is
c h anged by pressing the
!SE TI button aga in
brie fly or until it is deleted by a lengthy push
o n the butto n.
Speed warning 2: setting a speed limit
The radio or MMI* control unit is us ed to set,
change or delete warning th reshold 2 .
.. Select: I CAR I function button > Instrument
cluster > Speed warning .
Or
.. Select: !CAR ! function button> Car systems*
contro l butto n > Driver assist > Speed warn-
ing .
II>

80 On the road
Warning threshold 2 can be set in the speed range starting from
20 mph to 150 mph (30
km/h to 240 km/h). Settings can each be ad­
justed in intervals of
6 mph (10 km/h).
Cruise control
Switching on
The cruise control system makes it possible to
drive at a constant speed starting at
20 mph
(30 km/h).
Fig. 80 Control lever w it h push-bu tton
Fig. 81 Dis play : Sel ected speed
.. Pull the lever to position(;)¢ fig. 80 to
switch the system on.
.. Drive at the speed to be controlled .
.. Press button @ to set that speed.
The stored speed and the green symbol
co ~ 9 a:
l:l
II (US model)/ B (Canadian mode l) are
shown in the display¢
fig. 81. The display
may vary, depending on the type of display in
your vehicle.
The speed is kept constant by modifying en­
g ine power or through an active brake inter­
vention.
A WARNING
-- Always pay attent ion to the traffic
around you when the cruise control is in
operation. You are always responsible for
your speed and the distance between
your veh icle and other vehicles.
- For reasons of safety, cruise control
should not be used in t he city, in stop­
and-go traffic, on twisting roads and
when road conditions are poor (such as
ice, fog, gravel, heavy rain and hydro­
p laning) -risk of accident .
- Turn off the cruise control temporarily
when entering turn lanes, highway exit
lanes or in constr uction zones .
- Please note that inadve rtently "resting"
your foot on the accelerator pedal causes the cruise control not to brake. This is
because the cruise control is overridden
by the driver's acceleration.
- If a brake system malfunction such as
overheating occurs when the cruise con­
trol system is switched on, the braking
function in the system may be sw itched
off. The other cruise control functions re­
main active as long as the indicator light
II (US models)/ ... (Canadian models)
is on.
(D Tips
-Veh icles with manual transmiss ion: You
can attain the set speed only if the gear
th at is cur rently engaged will allow it, or
if it does not tax the engine and allows it
to run smoothly. Therefore shift into a
hig her or lower gear in a timely manner.
- Th e brake lights illuminate as soon as
the brakes apply automatically.
Changing speed
.. To increase/decrease the speed in incre­
ments, tap the lever in the
0 10 direction
¢ page 80, fig. 80.
.. To increase/decrease the speed quickly, hold
the lever in the
0 10 d irect io n until the de -
sired speed is displayed . ..,.

You can also p ress the accelerator pedal down
to increase your speed , e .g. if you want to
pass someone. The speed yo u saved earlier
will resume as soon as you let off of the accel­
erator pedal.
If, however, you exceed your saved speed by
6 mph (10 km/h) for longer than 5 min utes,
the cruise control will be turned off tempora­ rily. The green symbol in the display turns
white . The saved speed remains the same .
Presetting your speed
You can preset your desired speed while the
vehicle is not moving.
" Switch on the ignition.
" Pull lever into pos ition
(D c> page 80,
fig. 80.
" Press the lever in the 0 or O direction to
i ncrease o r decrease yo ur speed .
" Re lease the lever to save that speed.
This funct ion makes it possible, for example,
to save th e speed you want before driving on
the highway . Once on the hig hway, activate
the c ruise cont ro l by pulling the leve r towa rd
(D .
Switching off
Temporary deactivation
" Press the br ake peda l, or
" Manual transmission: Keep the clutch peda l
pressed down
longer, or
" Press the lever into pos ition @ (not clicked
into p lace)
~ page 80, fig. 80, or
" Drive for longer than 5 minutes at more
than 6 mph (10 km/h) above the stored
speed .
Switching off compl ete ly
" Press lever into position @(clicked into
place), or
" Switch the ignition off.
The speed yo u saved wi ll be retained if the
cru ise control has been switched off tempora ­
rily. To resume the saved speed, let up on the
On th e ro ad 81
brake or clutch pedal and p ull the lever to po ­
sition
(I) .
Swi tc hi ng the ignit ion off e rases the saved
speed.
A WARNING ~
You shou ld only ret urn to the saved speed
if it is not too fast for the current traffic
conditions -risk o f an accident!

82 Transmission
Transmission Manual transmission
Gearshift lever
Applies to vehicles: with manual transmission
The clutch pedal must be depressed all the
way before you can start the engine.
The manual transmission in your Audi is
equipped with an
interlock-feature .
• Depress the clutch pedal all the way.
• Start the engine with the gearshift lever in
Neutral and the clutch pedal depressed.
(D Note
Always depress the clutch pedal fully when
changing gears. Do not hold the vehicle on
a hill with the clutch pedal partially de­
pressed. This may cause premature clutch
wear or damage .
@ Tips
-Resting your hand on the gearshift lever
knob while driving will cause premature
wear in the transmission.
- The back-up lights go on when you sh ift
in to Reverse with the ignition on.
Gearshift pattern (6-speed manual
transmission)
Applies to vehicles: with manual transmission
Fig. 82 Gears hi ft pattern : 6 -speed manual tra n smi s­
sio n
Engaging reverse gear (R)
• Move the shift lever all the way to the left,
press it down, then push i t forward . Especially
after driving forward, stop the vehi­
cle completely, shift into
Neutral and rest the
shift lever briefly in Neutral before shift ing in­
to
Reverse.
S tronic, tiptronic
Introduction
Applies to vehicles: with S tronic/tiptronic
T he automatic transmission is controlled elec­
tronically. The transmission upshifts or down­
shifts automatica lly depending on which drive
program is selected.
When a
moderate driving style is used, the
transmission selects the most economical
driving mode. It will then change up early and
delay the downshifts to give better fuel econ­
omy .
T he transmission switches to a sporty mode
after a kick-down or when the driver uses a
sporty driving style characterized by quick ac­
ce lerator pedal movements, heavy accelera­
tion, frequent changes in speed and traveling
at the maximum speed.
If desired, the driver can also select the gears
manually (tiptronic mode) c> page 86.
Various automatic transmissions may be in­
stalled, depending on the model:
S tronic transmission
The S tronic is a dual-clutch transmission.
Power is transferred using two clutches that
work independe ntly from one another. Th ey
replace the torque converter used in conven­
tional automatic transmissions and al low the
vehicle to acce lerate without a noticeable in­
terruption in tract ion.
tiptronic transmission
In the tiptronic transmission, power is trans­
f er red by a torque converter.

Selector lever positions
Applies to vehicles: with S tronic/t ipt ronic
Fig. 83 Display in th e in str um en t cluste r: selecto r leve r
i n posit ion P
The selector lever position engaged appears
next to the selector lever as well as in the in­
strument cluster display.
P -Park
In th is selector lever position the transmis­
sion is mechanically locked. Engage P only
when the vehicle is
completely stopped¢ &
in Driving the automatic transmission on
page 85 .
To shift in or out of position P, you must first
press and hold the brake pedal and then press
the release button in the selector lever handle
while moving the selector lever to or from P.
You can shift out of this position only with the ignition on.
R - Reverse
Select R only when the vehicle is at a full stop
and the eng ine is running at idle speed ¢ & in
Driving the automatic transmission on
page 85.
Before you move the selector lever to R, press
both the release button in the handle of the
selector lever
and the brake pedal at the same
time .
When the ignit ion is on, the backup l ights illu­
minate when the selector lever is moved into
R.
N -Neutral
The transmission is in neutra l in this position .
Shift to this position for standing with the
Transmission 83
brakes applied ¢ & in Driving the automatic
transmission on page 85.
When the vehicle is stationary or at speeds
below 1 mph (2 km/h), you m ust always apply
the footbrake before and whi le moving the
lever out of N .
DIS -Normal position for driving forward
In the D/S pos ition, the transmission can be
operated either in the norma l mode D or in
the sport mode S . To select the sport mode S ,
pull the selector lever back briefly. Pulling the
lever back again will se lect the normal mode
D . The inst rument cluster display shows the
selected driving mode.
In the
normal mode D, the transmission auto­
matically selects the suitabl e gear ratio.
It de­
pends on engine load, vehicle speed and driv­
ing style.
Select the
sport mode S for sporty driving.
The vehicle makes fu ll use of the engine's
powe r. Shifting may become noticeab le when
a ccelerating.
When the veh icle is stationary or at speeds
below
1 mph (2 km/h), you must always apply
the foot brake before and while mov ing the
lever to 0/S out of N.
A WARNING
Read and follow all WARNINGS ¢ & in
Driving the automatic transmission on
page BS.
(D Note
-
Coasting downhill with the transm ission in
N and the engine not running will result in
damage to the automatic transmission
and possibly the catalytic converter.
(D Tips
- On vehicles with drive select*, you can
adjust the sporty shift characteristics in
the
Dynamic driv ing mode .Swill appear
in the instrument cluster display instead
of D.

84 Transmi ssion
-If you accidenta lly select N while driv ing ,
ta ke your foot off the acce lerator pedal
i mmediately and wait for t he eng ine to
s low down to idle before se lecting 0/5.
- If there is a power failure, the se lector
l ever will not move out of the P position.
The emergency release can be used if
t hi s happens
¢ page 89.
Automatic Shift Lock (ASL)
Applies to vehicles: with S tron ic/tiptronic
The Automatic Shift Lock safeguards you
agains t acciden tally shifting into a forward or
the reverse gear and causing the vehicle to
move unintentionally.
Fi g. 84 Shi ft gate : se lector lever loc k po siti ons a nd re ­
le ase button highlig hte d
The selector lever lock is released as fo llows:
• Turn the ign ition on.
• Step on t he b rake peda l.
At the same time
press and hold the release button on t he
s ide of the gear se lector knob
c::> fig. 84 w it h
you r th umb until you have moved the se lec­
tor leve r to the des ired pos it ion .
Automatic selector lever lock
The selector lever is locked in the P and N po­
sitions when the ignition is turned on. You
must press the brake pedal and the release
button to select another position. As a re­
minder to the d river, the fo llow ing warning
appears in the inst rument cluste r display
when t he se lector is in P and N:
When stationary apply brake pedal while se­ lecting gear T
he Autom atic Shift Loc k only funct ions when
t h e vehicle is stationary o r at speeds be low
1 mph (2 km/ h).
At speeds above abo ut 1 mph (2 km/h) the
A utoma tic Shift Lock is automatically deac ti­
vated in the N position.
A time de lay elemen t preven ts the sele ctor
l ever from lo cking when i t is moved through
the N pos itio n (going from R to D/S) . The loc k­
ing element w ill lock the se lecto r lever if the
l ever is left in N (Neutra l) for more than ap ­
proximate ly 2 seconds, witho ut the brake ped­
al be ing pressed .
Release button
The re lease bu tton on the se lector lever pre ­
vents the lever from being acc identally shifted
i nto certa in positions. Depending on the d irec­
t ion of t he shift, the selector lever locks at dif­
ferent posit ions . The positions are highlig hted
in the illustrat io n
c::> fig. 84.
Ignition key safety interlock
The key can not be remove d from the ig nition
u nless the selector lever is in the P park pos i­
t ion. When t he ignition key is removed, the
selector lever will be locked in t he P position.
Driving the automatic transmission
Applies to vehicles: with S tronic/tiptron ic
Fi g. 8 5 Sh ift gate o n th e cen te r console: se lector leve r
w ith release b utto n
Starting the engine
"'The selector lever must be in P or N .
Starting off
• Press and hold the br ake peda l.

~ Press and hold the release button in these ­
lector lever handle, se lect the desired se lec­
tor lever position such as D/S and re lease
the button.
~ Wait br iefly until the transmission has shift­
ed (you will feel a slight movement).
~ Remove your foot from the brake pedal and
acce lerate.
Stopp ing temporaril y
~ Keep the vehicle stationary us ing the brak­
ing pedal, for example at traffic lights.
~ Do not press the accelerator pedal when do­
i ng this.
~ To p revent the veh icle from rolling when you
sta rt driving, set the pa rking brake whe n
stopp ing on steep inclines ¢
&-
~ The parking brake will re lease automatically
and the vehicle will start moving once yo u
press the accelerator peda l.
Stopping /pa rking
If the selecto r lever is not in the P position
when yo u ope n the dr iver's door, the vehicle
could ro ll. The message
Transmis sion: Car
m ay ro ll! Shift to pa rk!
appears.
~ Press and ho ld the brake pedal unt il the ve-
hicle has come to a comple te stop.
~ Apply the parking brake ¢ page 77, Parking.
~ Select the P selector lever position c::, & -
Stopping on an incline
~ Always press t he b rake pedal to hold the ve­
hicle i n place and preven t it from " rolling
back" ¢
& -Do not try to prevent the vehi ­
cle from "rolling back" when a gear is en ­
gaged by increasing the engine speed ¢(D .
Starting on an incline
~ Activate the par kin g b rake.
~ Wi th the driving gea r se lected, press the ac­
ce lerato r pedal ca re fully . The parking brake
will release a utomatically i f yo ur seat belt is
fastened.
Under certain circumstances, s uch as driv ing
in the mountains, it may be useful to switch
temporari ly to the manua l shift program in or-
Tran sm iss ion 85
der to ad just the gears to the driv ing cond i­
tions by hand
c::, page 86.
On s lopes, activ ate the parki ng b rake first and
then move the selec to r l ever to the P posi tion.
T his prevents too much st ress from being
placed on the locking mechanism .
A WARNING
-The vehicle can also roll when the engine
is stopped.
- Unintended vehicle movement can cause
serio us injury.
- Never leave your vehicle with the engine
ru nning while in gear. If yo u must leave
your veh icle when the engine is running,
activate the parking brake and move the
selector lever to P.
- Power is still transm itted to the wheels
when the engine is runn ing at idle. To
prevent the vehicle from "creeping", you
must keep your foot on the brake when
the eng ine is ru nning and the se lector
leve r is in D/S o r R or "t ipt ron ic" mode is
selec ted .
-Do not press the accelerator pedal when
changing t he se lector lever posi tion
while the veh icle is s ta tionary and the
engine is running .
- Never sh ift into R o r P wh ile d rivi ng.
- Before driving dow n a steep slope, re-
duce your speed and shift into a lowe r
gear wi th "tiptronic".
- Do not ride the bra kes o r press the bra ke
pe dal too ofte n or too long whe n driving
down a hi ll. Constant braking causes the
brakes to over heat and substantially re­
duces braking performance, increases
brak ing distance or causes complete fa il­
ure of t he brake system.
- To prevent the vehicle from ro lling back
when stopp ing o n inclines, always ho ld it
in place with the brake pedal or parking
brake.
- Never hold the vehicle on an incline with
a slipping clutch. The clutch opens auto­ mat ically when it becomes too hot from
the overload. An indicato r lamp
mJ

86 Transmis sion
illuminates and a driver message ap­
pears
¢ page 88 when the clutch is
overloaded.
- If the engine must remain running, never
have any driving position engaged when
checking under the hood. Make sure the
selector lever has securely engaged and
is locked in P with the parking brake set
¢ page 206. Otherwise, any increase in
engine speed may set the vehicle in mo­
tion, even with the park ing brake ap­
plied.
(D Note
- When stopping on an incline, do not try
to hold the vehicle in place by pressing
the accelerator pedal while a driving gear
is selected. This can cause the transmis­
sion to overheat and can damage it. Acti­
vate the parking brake or press the brake
pedal to prevent the vehicle from rolling.
- Allowing the vehicle to roll when the en­
gine is stopped and the selector lever is
in N will damage the transmission be­
cause it is not lubricated under those cir­
cumstances.
@ Tips
For safety reasons, the park ing brake is re­
leased automatically only when the driv­
er's safety belt is engaged in the buckle.
Hill descent control
Applies to vehicles: with S tronic/tiptronic
The hill descent control system assists the
driver when driving down declines.
Hill descent control is activated when these­
lector lever is in D/S and you press the brake
pedal. The transmi ssion automatically selects
a gear that is suitable for the incline. Hill de­
scent control tries to maintain the speed ach­ ieved at the time of braking, within physical
and technical limitations. It may st ill be nec­
essary to adjust the speed with the brakes. Hill descent contro
l switches off once the de­
cline levels out or you press the accelerator
pedal.
On vehicles with the cruise control system*
¢ page 80, hill descent control is also activat­
ed when the speed is set.
A WARNING
--
Hill descent control cannot overcome
physical limitations, so it may not be able
to maintain a constant speed under all
conditions. Always be ready to apply the brakes .
Manual shift program
Applies to vehicles: with S tronic/tiptron ic
Using the manual shift program you can
manually select gears.
Fig. 86 Center console: shift ing the gears manually
Fig. 87 Steering whee l: Shift butto ns~
Gear selection with selector lever
L'> N ... "!
"' m a,
N
--N ,;,
gi
The tiptronic mode can be selected either with
the vehicle stationary or on the move.
.,. Push the selector lever to the right from 0/
S. An M appears in the instrument cluster
display as soon as the transmission has
shifted .

"To upshift, push the selector lever fo rward
to the plus position
0 ~ fig. 86.
" To downshift, push the lever to the minus
pos it ion
Q .
Gea r se lection with paddle lever s*
The shift buttons are act ivated when these­
l ector lever is in D/S or the tiptronic manual
shift program .
"T o upsh ift, touch the button on the right
0
~ fig. 87.
"To downshift, touch the button on the left
Q .
"If you do not press a shift button within a
short time while in the D/S position, the
transmission will return to automatic mode .
To keep shifting using the shift buttons, move the selector lever to the right out of
the D/S position .
T he transmission automatically shifts up or
down before critical engine speed is reached .
The transmission only a llows manua l shifting
when the engine speed is within the permit­ ted range .
(D Tips
-When yo u sh ift into the next lower gear,
the transmiss ion will downshift only
when there is no possibility of over-rev­
v ing the engine .
- When the kick-down comes on, the
transmission will sh ift down to a lower
gear, depending on vehicle and engine
speeds.
- Tiptronic is inoperat ive when the trans­
mission is in the fail-safe mode .
Kick-down
Appl ies to vehicles: with S tro nic/t iptronic
Kick -down enables maximum acceleration .
When you depress the accelerator pedal be­
yond the resistance po int, the automat ic
transmission downshifts into a lower gear, de­ pending on vehicle speed and engine speed .
The upshift into the next higher gear takes
Tran sm iss ion 87
place once the max imum specified engine
speed is reached.
A WARNING
P lease note that the drive wheels can spin
if kick-down is used on a smooth slippery
road - there is a risk of skidd ing .
Launch Control Program
App lies to vehicles : wi th S tronic
The Launch Control Program provides the
best acceleration possible when starting from
a stop.
Req uirement: The engine must be at operat­
ing temperature and the steering whee l must
not be t urned.
" Press the
I~ O FF ! button r::!:> page 182 whi le
the engine is running. The
II indicator light
ill uminates in the instrument cl uster and
Stabili zat ion control (ESC): Sport. Warn ·
ing! Restricted stability
appears in the driv­
er information system display .
" Move the selector lever to the D/S posit ion
to select sport mode (S) or se lect the
d y­
nami c driv ing mode in dr ive se lect*
r::!:> page 105.
"Press the brake pedal s trongly with yo ur left
foot and hold it down for at least 1 second .
" At the same time, press the acce lerator ped­
al down completely with your right foot un­
til the eng ine reaches and maintains a high
RPM.
" Remove your foot from the brake pedal
w ith in 5 seconds
r::!:> & .
A WARNING
-Always adapt your dr iving to the traffic
f low.
- On ly us e th e Launch Cont ro l Program
when road and t raff ic condi tions a llow i t
an d other d rivers w il l not be e ndangered
or annoyed by your driving and the vehi ­
cle's acceleration.
- Please no te that t he drivin g wheels c an
spin and the vehicle can break away
-

88 Transmi ssion
when sport mode is sw itched on,
especially when the road is slippery.
- Once you have accelerated, yo u should
switch sport mode
off by pressing the
I ~ OFF I button.
@ Tips
- The transmission temperat ure may in ­
crease significantly after using the Launch Control Program. If that hap­
pens, the program may not be available
fo r a few minutes . It will be availab le
again afte r a cool-down period .
- When accelerating using t he Launch
Control program, all vehicle parts are
subject to heavy loads. This can res ult in
i nc reas ed wea r.
Transmission malfunction
Applies to vehicles: with S tronic/tiptronic
DI Transmi ssion : Pr ess brake pedal and se­
le ct gear again .
Press the brake pedal and se lect the des ired
se lecto r lever posit io n aga in. You can then
con tinue dr iv ing .
DI Transmi ssion overheating: Pleas e drive
conservatively .
The transmission temperature has increased
significantly due to the sporty driving ma nner .
Drive in a less sporty manner unt il the tem ­
pe rat ure retu rns to the no rmal range a nd the
i ndicator light sw itches of.
DI Transmiss ion malfunct ion: You can con­
tinue driving
There is a system ma lf u nction in the transmis­
sion. You may continue driving. Drive to your
author ized Audi dealer or qualified repair fa­
cility soon to have the malfunction corrected.
DI Transmission malfunction: Limited driv­
ing funct ionality
There is a system ma lf u nction in the transmis ­
sion. The transmission is switching to emer­
gency mode. Th is mode only shifts into cer­
tain gears or will no longer shift at a ll. The en- gine may sta
ll. Drive to your a uthorized Audi
dealer or qualified repair facility immediately
to have the mal function cor rected .
[O] lit Transmis sion malfunction : No reverse
You can continue driving
S t roni c tra nsmission: The re is a system mal­
f unc tion in the transm ission. The t ransmis ­
s io n is swi tching to emerge ncy mode. This
mode only shifts into ce rtain gea rs or will no
l o nger shift at a ll. The engine may stall. You
cannot engage the reverse gear . Dr ive to your
autho riz ed Aud i dea ler or qualified repa ir fa­
c ili ty immediately to have the malfunction
cor rected .
DI Transmission malfunction: Stop vehicle
and shift to park.
Do not continue dr iving. Se lect the P selector
lever positio n and see your authorized A udi
dealer or qualif ied repai r facility for assis ­
tance.
(D Note
If the transmission switches to emergency mode, yo u should ta ke the vehicle to an
a uth ori zed Audi dea lership as so on as pos­
s ible to have the condition corrected.