belt AUDI E-TRON 2020 Owner's Manual

Driving

Driving
Starting the vehicle
pyre d | ola eda)


Fig. 82 Center console: switching on the drive system
Your vehicle is powered by electricity. Similar to a
vehicle with a combustion engine, the ignition
and drive system can be switched on separately.
When only the ignition is switched on, electronic
systems such as the MMI are available. However,
the vehicle is not ready to drive. Electric power is
able to move the vehicle once the drive system is
switched on and becomes active.
Requirement: the key must be in the vehicle.
Switching the drive system on
> Press and hold the brake pedal.
> Press the [START STOP] button. The drive sys-
tem switches on.


It is indicated in the power meter whether the
drive system is switched on > page 13.
Switching the drive system off
> Bring the vehicle to a full stop.
> Press the [START STOP] button. The drive sys-
tem switches off.


The steering is locked when you switch off the
drive
system in “P” and open the driver's door.
The steering lock helps prevent vehicle theft.
Switching the drive system off in an
emergency
If necessary in an emergency, the drive system
can also be switched off while driving using the
emergency off function*.
88

> Press the [START STOP] button twice in a row or
press and hold it one time.

Switching on and off
If you would like to switch the ignition on or off
without switching on the drive system, follow
these steps:

> Press the [START STOP] button without pressing
the brake pedal.

Switching the ignition off automatically
To prevent the vehicle battery from draining, the
ignition and possibly the exterior lighting may
switch off automatically.
Requirements:
— You must have driven the vehicle.
— You must have left the vehicle for longer than
30 seconds.
— The ignition must be switched on.
Among other indicators, the system detects that
you have left the vehicle based on the following
factors:
— The driver's door has been opened.
— The driver's safety belt has been unbuckled.
— The brake pedal is not being pressed.
— The driver's seat is not occupied.
The ignition will also be switched off after 30 mi-
nutes or if you lock the vehicle from the outside.

ZA WARNING
— Never switch off the drive system before the
vehicle has come to a complete stop.
Switching it off before the vehicle has stop-
ped may impair the function of the brake
booster and power steering. You would then
need to use more force to steer and brake
the vehicle. The fact that you cannot steer
and brake as usual may increase the risk of
accidents and serious injuries.
— Always select the “P” selector lever position
when parking the vehicle; otherwise, the ve-
hicle could roll away. >

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Driving

“N” (Neutral) gear
In the “N” gear, power is not transmitted to the
driving wheels. Use the “N” gear in a car wash
(with conveyor belts), for example.
If you unintentionally select “N” while driving
(faster than 1 mph (2 km/h)), you can also shift
back to “D” without pressing the brake pedal.
For safety reasons, the vehicle cannot be locked
when the transmission is in the "N” gear.
“Pp” (Park) gear
The vehicle is secured from rolling away by the
parking lock when in the “P” gear.
— Bring the vehicle to a full stop and press the
brake pedal.
— Press the “P” button @ on the selector lever.
— The “P” next to the selector lever will light up.
“P” engages automatically if you switch the drive
system off while the “D” or “R” gear is selected.
If you switch the drive system off in “N”, “P” will
engage automatically after approximately 30 mi-
nutes.
If you want to switch from “P” to “D” or “R”, the
drive system must be active.
Selecting the driving program
Various driving programs can be selected when in
the “D” gear. The programs influence how the ac-
celerator pedal and drive system respond.
If you select the dynamic or offroad Audi drive
select* mode, the “S” driving program will be ac-
tivated. If you select efficiency, “E” will be acti-
vated. When the ignition is switched off, the driv-
ing program may be reset to “D”.
To switch between the current driving program
and “S”, push the selector lever toward the rear.

ZA WARNING
— Before you start driving, check if the label
for the desired selector lever position next
to the selector lever is lit up.
— Always secure your vehicle from rolling
away. Press the brake pedal or shift to “P”.
When leaving the vehicle, also set the park-

ing brake.


— To reduce the risk of an accident, do not
press the accelerator pedal when changing
gears if the vehicle is stationary and the
drive system is active.
— Never select the “R" or "P” gears while driv-
ing. Doing so could cause an accident.
—The vehicle can roll even if the ignition is
switched off.
(Gi) Tips
If you shift between “D” and “R” within one
second, you do not need to press the brake
pedal. This makes it possible to “rock” the ve-
hicle if it is stuck, for example.
Accelerator pedal
You can accelerate the vehicle using the accelera-
tor pedal.

Maximum acceleration
If you press the accelerator pedal all the way
down, the motor’s full power will be used and
you will reach maximum acceleration, also called
“kick-down”.
Applies to: vehicles with boost function: In the
“S” driving program, even more power is utilized
for a brief period of time via the boost function.
The availability of this function depends on the
charge level of the high-voltage battery and the
temperature of the drive system components,
among other things.

Z\ WARNING
The driving wheels could spin and the vehicle
could swerve on slick or slippery road surfaces
when using kick-down, which increases the
risk of an accident.
Launch Control
Applies to: vehicles with Launch Control

Launch Control provides the best possible accel-
eration when starting from a stop.
91

Driving

— Wear caused by load does not constitute a
vehicle fault as defined by the terms of the
warranty.
Messages
GG / | Brakes: malfunction! Safely stop ve-
hicle
There is a malfunction in the brake system. If
EES / Gana Bialso turn on, there is a malfunc-
tion in the ABS, ESC, and braking distribution.
Do not continue driving. See an authorized Audi
dealer or authorized Audi Service Facility for as-
sistance. Read and follow the other safety pre-
cautions > A\.
Ga / @ Brake pads: wear limit reached. You
can continue driving. Please contact Service
The brake pads are worn. Drive to an authorized
Audi dealer or authorized Audi Service Facility as
soon as possible to have the malfunction correct-
ed.
Brake booster: limited functionality. You can
continue driving. Please contact Service
There is a brake booster malfunction. The brake
booster is available, but its effectiveness is re-
duced. The braking performance may be different
compared to the usual performance. Drive to an
authorized Audi dealer or authorized Audi Service
Facility immediately to have the malfunction cor-
rected.
Other indicator lights
When you switch the ignition on, the indicator
light BREN / Wiurns on briefly to check the
function. If the indicator light does not turn on,
there is a system malfunction.
If Be / B® stays on, there is a malfunction in
the brake system.
- Ahigh load was placed on the brakes from
driving downhill for a long period of time. Follow
the instructions in the message to utilize the en-
gine braking effect and to relieve the brakes.
96

AN WARNING
If a malfunction occurs in the ABS, ESC, and
braking distribution, interventions that stabi-
lize the vehicle will no longer be available.
This could cause the vehicle to swerve, which
increases the risk that the vehicle will slide.
Do not continue driving. See an authorized
Audi dealer or authorized Audi Service Facility
for assistance.

Electromechanical
parking brake
Operating the parking brake
The electromechanical parking brake is used to
secure the vehicle from rolling away unintention-
ally.
The ©) switch is located under the selector lever
in the center console. It turns on when the park-
ing brake is set. You can release the parking brake
manually or automatically when you start to
drive.
Setting and releasing the parking brake
> Closing: Pull the © switch.
> 1 / oa appears, the parking brake is hold-
ing the vehicle. You can remove your foot from
the brake pedal.
>» Releasing: when the ignition is switched on,
press and hold the brake pedal and press the
button.
If the red indicator light flashes, the braking
force has not built up enough or it has decreased.
You can also secure the vehicle by selecting the
“P” gear or pressing the brake pedal. Make sure
the indicator light is off before you start driving.
Automatically releasing the parking brake
when starting to drive
Requirement: the driver's door must be closed
and the driver’s safety belt must be fastened.
> Press the accelerator pedal to start to drive. >

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Driving


ZA WARNING
—To reduce the risk of an accident, always
make sure the vehicle is situated safely
while stationary.
— If the parking brake is set, it can release au-
tomatically when the accelerator pedal is
pressed. To reduce the risk of an accident,
do not inadvertently press the accelerator
pedal and always shift into “P” when the ve-
hicle is stopped.
— If the power supply fails, you cannot set the
parking brake once it is released, or release
it if it is set. In this case, park the vehicle on
level ground and secure it by engaging the
"P” gear. Contact an authorized Audi dealer
or authorized Audi Service Facility for assis-
tance.
@ Tips
— On steep inclines, especially when in trailer
mode, the vehicle may roll backwards unin-
tentionally when starting to drive. To re-
duces the risk of this happening, pull and
hold the ©) switch while pressing the accel-
erator pedal. If enough drive power has
built up at the wheels and the vehicle does
not roll backwards, then release the switch
to start to drive.
— If you leave the vehicle when “D” or “R” are
engaged, the parking brake will be set auto-
matically.
— Noises when the parking brake is set and re-
leased are normal and are not a cause for
concern.
— The parking brake goes through a self-test
cycle at regular intervals when the vehicle is
stopped. Any noises associated with this are
normal.
ei eoh 4g
Applies to: vehicles with hold assist

If the vehicle is stopping frequently, the system
can assist the driver in a comfortable transition
when starting to drive from a stop, for example,
at a red light, ona hill, or in stop-and-go traffic.
Switching the hold assist on and off
You can switch the hold assist on and off in the
MMI.
> Applies to: MMI: Select on the home screen:
VEHICLE > Settings & Service > Hold assist.
Starting to drive with hold assist
Requirement: the driver's door must be closed
and the drive system must be active.
> Press and hold the brake pedal for several sec-
onds while the vehicle is stationary.
> r@ appears, the hold assist is holding the ve-
hicle. You can remove your foot from the brake
pedal.
> Press the accelerator pedal to start to drive.
In certain situations, the hold assist may transfer
the function of holding the vehicle to the parking
brake.
Depending on the equipment, hold assist may be
switched off when in “R” gear to help improve
maneuverability. If this is the case, press the
brake pedal to secure the vehicle.

Z\ WARNING
—The hold assist cannot hold the vehicle on
inclines in every scenario (for example, on
slippery or icy ground). Be ready to apply the
brakes at all times when using the hold as-
sist.
—To reduce the risk of an accident, always
make sure the vehicle is situated safely
while stationary.
CG) Note
Switch hold assist off before driving your vehi-
cle into a car wash with a conveyor belt. Oth-
erwise, the parking brake could engage auto-
matically.
Emergency braking function
Emergency braking should only be used in an
emergency, if the standard brake pedal is mal-
functioning or obstructed. When the emergency
braking function is activated, the braking effect is
similar to a heavy braking maneuver. >

97

Driver assistance

D g in stop-and-go traffi

Applies to: vehicles with adaptive cruise assist
> Press the brake pedal to slow your vehicle
down.

RAZ-0398,

Fig. 113 Instrument cluster: safe start monitor
Stopping with adaptive cruise assist
The adaptive cruise assist also assists you in stop-
and-go traffic. Within the limits of the system,
your vehicle may brake and remain at a stop if a
vehicle driving ahead stops.
Starting to drive with adaptive cruise assist!)
As long as the message ready to drive and aA is
displayed, your vehicle will begin driving when
the vehicle ahead starts to move > /\.
If you are stopped for several seconds, your vehi-
cle will no longer drive autonomously for safety
reasons, and the message will turn off.
> To extend ready to drive for several seconds or
reactivate, pull the lever briefly towards you in
the direction of the arrow > page 149, fig. 112.
> To resume manual control of the vehicle, tap
the accelerator pedal.
Safe start monitor
The vehicle can still start to drive even if certain
obstacles are detected when starting to drive
=> /\. If the surrounding area detection detects
an obstacle, you will be alerted to the danger by
the A indicator light.
If you are in the Driver assistance display, the
display @ © fig. 113 and the message Warning!
will also appear. An audio signal will also sound.
Your vehicle will drive more slowly when starting.
This may also occur in some situations when
there is no apparent obstacle.

D_ This is not available in some countries.
150
ZA\ WARNING
— Observe the safety precautions and note the
limits of the assist systems, sensors, and
cameras > page 127.
— If the message ready to drive!) appears,
your vehicle will start driving even if there is
an obstacle between your vehicle and the ve-
hicle ahead. To reduce the risk of an acci-
dent, always make sure there are no obsta-
cles between your vehicle and the vehicle
driving ahead.
(i) Tips
For safety reasons, adaptive cruise assist is
only active if:
— The driver's safety belt is fastened

— All doors and the hood are closed
— Your vehicle is not stopped for a long period
of time

Tama c-Ta- etme [UC 4
Applies to: vehicles with adaptive cruise assist

Fig. 114 Instrument cluster: request for driver interven-
tion
The request for driver intervention instructs you
to resume manual control of the vehicle if the
adaptive cruise assist braking function is not able
to maintain a sufficient distance to the vehicle
ahead. The system will warn you of the hazard
with the A indicator light and the message Dis-
tance!. An audio signal will also sound.

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Driver assistance

unstable driving situations (such as oversteer-
ing or understeering).
— Audi pre sense front) can detect an impending
frontal impact and react with warnings, braking
interventions, and preemptive safety measures
for the vehicle occupants.
— Audi pre sense rear monitors the rear traffic
behind your vehicle and can react to an impend-
ing rear impact.
— Audi pre sense side can detect an impending
side impact from cross-traffic and vehicles com-
ing from the side, and can initiate preemptive
safety measures.
— The swerve assist can help you to steer the ve-
hicle around an obstacle during an evasive ma-
neuver that is detected as critical.
— The turn assist can detect vehicles in the oppo-
site lane and react with braking maneuvers.

re sense preemptive safety measures
Applies to: vehicles with Audi pre sense
Depending on the vehicle speed and the vehicle
equipment, the following functions may be initi-
ated in certain situations:
— Visual and audio warnings
— Activation of the emergency flashers)
— Reversible tensioning of safety belts
— Closing the windows and panoramic glass roof
— Adjusting the seats
— Other preemptive safety measures by individual
systems

ZA\ WARNING
Observe the safety precautions and note the
limits of the assist systems, sensors, and

cameras > page 127.

@) Tips
— Depending on the risk situation that is de-
tected and the selected Audi drive select*
mode, not all preemptive safety measures
may be initiated under certain circumstan-
ces. Certain functions can be adjusted or
skipped if necessary.

D_ This is not available in some countries.
— Audi pre sense may be restricted or unavail-
able under certain circumstances, for exam-
ple if:
— There are passengers with unfastened
safety belts
— After turning on the ignition, as long as
the J indicator light is on.
— When driving in reverse

— There is an airbag control module mal-
function
— System functions may not be available if
the ESC is limited or switched off, or if
there is a malfunction.
Audi pre sense basic
Applies to: vehicles with Audi pre sense basic
Audi pre sense basic is automatically active at
speeds of approximately 20 mph (30 km/h) and
higher. Audi pre sense basic can trigger the Audi
pre sense preemptive safety measures during
emergency braking and dangerous braking ma-
neuvers as well as in unstable driving situations,
such as oversteering or understeering.

Z\ WARNING
Observe the safety precautions and note the
limits of the assist systems, sensors, and
cameras > page 127.
Audi pre sense front
Applies to: vehicles with Audi pre sense front

Audi pre sense front uses the data from the cam-
era and calculates the probability of a rear-end
collision. Within the limits of the system, an im-
pending frontal impact with vehicles, pedes-
trians), or cyclists) may be detected in both ur-
ban and rural speed ranges.
Audi pre sense front is active at speeds of approx-
imately 6 mph (10 km/h) and higher. It can react
to pedestrians”) or cyclists!) at speeds up to ap-
proximately 50 mph (85 km/h), and can react to
vehicles at speeds up to approximately 155 mph
(250 km/h).
155
>

Driver assistance

Displays, warnings, and braking
— Display: the red arrow (@ can indicate the direc-
tion from which the cross traffic is approaching.
The indicator in the upper display only appears
when the parking aid is activated. For vehicles
with peripheral cameras only in the Front and
Front corner camera views. The display only ap-
pears in the instrument cluster > fig. 123 when
the Driver assistance display is open in the on-
board computer > page 14.
— Warnings: the message Cross traffic! Bo can
warn you of critical cross traffic when driving
forward. There may also be an audible signal.
— Automatic brake activation: if you do not react
to a warning, a brief braking by the system can
warn you of a potential collision with an ap-
proaching object when driving forward at
speeds up to approximately 6 mph (10 km/h).
Switching the intersection assistant on and
off
— The system can be switched on and off in the
MMI & page 130.
Messages
If or > is displayed when there is a mal-
function, the intersection assistant functions
may be unavailable or may be limited.
A message that indicates the cause and possible
solution may appear with some displays. The
weather conditions may be too poor or a sensor
may be covered. Clean the area in front of the
sensors © page 129 and try to turn on the sys-
tems again later.
If the malfunction remains, drive to an author-
ized Audi dealer or authorized Audi Service Facili-
ty immediately to have the malfunction correct-
ed.

Z\ WARNING
— Observe the safety precautions and note the
limits of the assist systems, sensors, and
cameras > page 127.
— The intersection assistant will not provide
alerts about people and cannot warn you
about every type of approaching objects,
such as cyclists. Always monitor the traffic

162

as well as the vehicle's surroundings with di-
rect eye contact.
— The system may not react if vehicles are ap-
proaching very fast.
G) Tips
For an explanation on conformity with the
FCC regulations in the United States and the
Industry Canada regulations, see > page 295.

Emergency assist
Applies to: vehicles with emergency assist
General information
Within the limits of the system, emergency assist
can detect inactivity from the driver. In these in-
stances, the system will warn the driver, assume
control of the vehicle if necessary, and bring the
vehicle automatically to a stop in the lane.
Regardless of the speed, the emergency assist is
automatically available when the adaptive cruise
assist* is activated. When the adaptive cruise as-
sist* is deactivated, the system is only available
at speeds above approximately 40 mph
(65 km/h).
Emergency assist functions
Measures may be initiated in stages. The vehicle
can be controlled with the limits of the system.
The measures depend on the dangerous situation
and the vehicle equipment:
— Visual and audio warnings
— Vehicle control
— Reduction of vehicle speed in stages
— Lowers the volume of the Infotainment system
— Tugs on the safety belt
— Activates the brakes
— The emergency flashers will activate either
while the vehicle is still in motion or once it is
stationary (depending on your vehicle's produc-
tion date).
— Audi pre sense preemptive safety measures are
triggered > page 155
— The brakes are applied until the vehicle is sta-
tionary

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Care and cleaning




Water-based deposits
such as coffee, tea,
blood, etc.
Component Situation Solution
Controls Deposits Soft brush, then a soft cloth with a mild soap solution®)
Safety belts Deposits Mild soap solution®, allow to dry before letting them re-
tract
Textiles, Deposits adhering to | Vacuum cleaner
Artificial leather, | the surface
Alcantara Absorbent cloth and mild soap solution®

Oil-based deposits
such as oil, make-up,
etc.
Apply a mild soap solution ®), blot away the dissolved oil or
dye with an absorbent towel and treat afterward with wa-
ter, if necessary.

Certain types of de-
posits such as ink,
nail polish, latex
paint, shoe polish,
etc.
Special stain remover, blot with absorbent material, treat
afterward with mild soap solution, if necessary®).

Natural leather Fresh stains Cotton cloth with a mild soap solution®

Water-based deposits
such as coffee, tea,
blood, etc.
Fresh stains: absorbent cloth
Dried stains: stain remover suitable for leather

Oil-based deposits
such as oil, make-up,
etc.
Fresh stains: absorbent cloth and stain remover suitable
for leather
dried stains: Oil cleaning spray

Certain types of de-
posits such as ink,
nail polish, latex
paint, shoe polish,
etc.
Spot remover suitable for leather


nents

Care Regularly apply conditioning cream that protects from
light and penetrates into the material. Use special colored
conditioning cream, if necessary.
Carbon compo- Deposits Clean the same way as plastic components

a) Mild soap solution: maximum two tablespoons of neutral soap in 1 quart (1 liter) of water

ZA WARNING ZA\ WARNING
The windshield must not be treated with wa-
ter-repelling windshield coating agents. Un-
der unfavorable conditions, such as wetness,
darkness, and when the sun is low, these coat-
ings can cause increased glare, which increas-
es the risk of an accident. They can also cause

wiper blade chatter.

— Never immerse the Audi e-tron charging sys-
tem and connectors in water.
— The Audi e-tron charging system must only
be cleaned when the control unit is com-
pletely disconnected from the power supply
and from the vehicle.


271

Care and cleaning

@) Note
— Headlights and tail lights
— Never clean the headlights or tail lights
with a dry cloth or sponge because the
lights could be damaged.
— Do not use any cleaning products that con-
tain alcohol, because they could cause
cracks to form.
— Wheels
— Never use any paint polish or other abra-
sive materials.
— Damage to the protective layer on the
rims, such as stone chips or scratches,
must be repaired immediately.
— Camera lenses
— Never use warm or hot water to remove
snow or ice from the camera lens. This
could cause the lens to crack.
— Never use abrasive cleaning materials or
alcohol to clean the camera lens. This
could cause scratches and cracks.
— Laser scanner
— Never use abrasive cleaning materials to
clean the laser scanner. This could cause
scratches and cracks.
— Door windows
— Remove snow and ice on windows and ex-
terior mirrors with a plastic scraper. To re-
duce the risk of scratches, move the scra-
per only in one direction and not back and
forth.
— Never remove snow or ice from door win-
dows and mirrors using warm or hot water
because this could cause cracks to form.
—To reduce the risk of damage to the rear
window defogger, do not apply any stick-
ers on the heating wires on the inside of
the window.
— Decorative parts and trim
— Never use chrome care or cleaning prod-
ucts.
— Paint
—To reduce the risk of scratches, the vehicle
must be free of dirt and dust before pol-
ishing or waxing.
272
— To prevent paint damage, do not polish or
wax the vehicle in direct sunlight.
—To reduce the risk of paint damage, do not
polish away rust spots.
— Remove cosmetics and sunscreen immedi-
ately because they could damage the
paint.
— Decorative decals
—To reduce the risk of damage, do not use
any rough powder or abrasive cleaning
products.
— To reduce the risk of damage, do not pol-
ish decorative decals that have a matte or
printed finish.
— Due to the risk of damage, do not use an
ice scraper to remove snow and ice on win-
dows with decorative decals on them.
— Displays and instrument cluster
— Make sure that the display and instrument
cluster are switched off and have cooled
down before cleaning. To switch the upper
and lower display off, select in the MMI
home screen: SETTINGS > Display &
brightness > MMI > Screen cleaning.
— Displays, the instrument cluster, and the
trim surrounding it must not be cleaned
with dry cleaning methods because they
could become scratched.
— Make sure no fluids enter the spaces be-
tween the instrument cluster and the
trim, because that could cause damage.
— Controls
— Make sure that no fluids enter the con-
trols, because this could cause damage.
— Safety belts
— Do not remove the safety belts to clean
them.
— Never clean safety belts or their compo-
nents with chemicals or with corrosive flu-
ids or solvents and never allow sharp ob-
jects to come into contact with the safety
belts. This could cause damage to the belt
webbing.
— If there is damage to the webbing, the
connections, the retractors, or the buck-
les, have them replaced by an authorized >

4KE012721BE
Care and cleaning

Audi dealer or authorized Audi Service Fa-
cility.
— Textiles, artificial leather, and Alcantara
— Never treat artificial leather or Alcantara
with leather care products, solvents, floor
polish, shoe polish, spot remover, or simi-
lar products.
— Have a cleaning specialist remove stub-
born stains to reduce the risk of damage.
— Never use steam cleaners, brushes, hard
sponges, etc. when cleaning.
— Do not turn on the seat heating* to dry
the seat.
— Objects with sharp edges, such as zippers
or rivets on clothing or belts, can cause
damage to the surface.
— Open hook and loop fasteners, for exam-
ple on clothing, can damage seat covers.
Make sure hook and loop fasteners are
closed.
— Natural leather
— Never treat leather with solvents, floor
polish, shoe polish, spot remover or simi-
lar products.
— Objects with sharp edges, such as zippers
or rivets on clothing or belts, can cause
damage to the surface.
— Never use steam cleaners, brushes, hard
sponges, etc. when cleaning.
— Do not turn on the seat heating* to dry
the seat.
—To help prevent the leather from fading,
do not leave the vehicle in direct sunlight
for long periods of time. If leaving the ve-
hicle parked for long periods of time, you
should cover the leather to protect it from
direct sunlight.
— Wall mount clip
— Do not us any abrasive cleaning products
or any that contain alcohol, because these
increase the risk of discoloration.
@) Tips
— Insects are easier to remove from paint that
has been freshly waxed.
— Regular waxing can prevent rust spots from
forming.
— Decorative decals can age due to environ-
mental conditions, which can result in dam-
age such as brittleness. The color may fade
if exposed to excessive sunlight.
Taking your vehicle out
of service
If you would like to take your vehicle out of serv-
ice for a Long period of time, contact an author-
ized Audi dealer or authorized Audi Service Facili-
ty. You can receive information about the meas-
ures to take depending on the conditions for tak-
ing the vehicle out of service (duration, location,
etc.).
273