air condition AUDI Q5 2021 Owner´s Manual

Trailer towing

You can also increase ground clearance by select-
ing the Audi drive select* Offroad or allroad
modes > page 115.
@) Note
Applies to: vehicles with air suspension
— Changes in temperature or load can affect
the height of the vehicle.
— If the standard vehicle height is not used,
the tongue weight specification is no longer
applicable.
©) Note
Attachments retrofitted on the vehicle may
cause damage, especially on the trailer hitch
ball head. In cases of damage, have the func-
tion checked by an authorized Audi dealer or
authorized Audi Service Facility.
@) Tips
— Block the wheels with chocks when parking
on inclines if the trailer is loaded.
— Audi recommends having the vehicle in-
spected between the inspection intervals if
you tow a trailer frequently.
— Avoid driving with a trailer during the vehi-
cle break-in period.
PTL RR CT Coe
Driving with a trailer requires extra caution.
Speed
Adhere to the legal speed limits. Follow the legal
regulations that are applicable in the country
where you are operating the vehicle.
As the speed increases, the driving stability of
the trailer decreases. Therefore you should not
exceed the maximum legal speed limit when
there are unfavorable road, weather, and/or wind
conditions. This especially applies when driving
downhill.
Hill
When you start driving uphill or downhill, trailers
may tilt or sway sooner than when driving ona
level surface. If small swaying movements have
140
already occurred, you can stabilize the trailer by
firmly braking immediately. Never attempt to
“straighten out” the trailer by accelerating.
Downshift before driving on hills to utilize the en-
gine braking effect > A\.
Brakes
When using a trailer with overrun brakes, first
brake gently then quickly. This reduces the risk of
jerking while braking if the trailer wheels lock up.
Engine coolant temperature
Pay attention specifically to the coolant tempera-
ture display when there are high outside temper-
atures, and when driving on long inclines
= page 14. Shift to a higher gear in a timely man-
ner.

Z\ WARNING
Constant braking causes the brakes to over-
heat and can substantially reduce braking per-
formance, increase braking distance, or cause
complete failure of the brake system.

Driving information

— If traffic signs do not conform to the standard
format
— If traffic signs are damaged or bent
— If traffic signs are displayed on sign holders
with electronic signs
— If the traffic signs or the roadways have
changed, and the navigation data is no longer
up-to-date

Z\ WARNING
— Observe the safety precautions and note the
limits of the assist systems, sensors, and
cameras > page 141.
— Under some circumstances, traffic sign rec-
ognition may not detect traffic signs correct-
ly or detect them at all. As a result, the sys-
tem may not display the correct speed limit
or any speed limit.

@) Tips
— Traffic sign recognition does not adapt your
vehicle's speed to match the speed Limit.
— The display in the instrument cluster is
based on the units of measurement used for
speed in the country where the vehicle is be-
ing operated. As a result, a display of 50 in
the instrument cluster can mean either mph
or km/h, depending on the country.
Applies to: vehicles with camera-based traffic sign recognition
Accessing traffic sign recognition
> Select in the instrument cluster: vehicle func-
tions tab > Traffic signs.
Setting a traffic sign based speed warning
> Applies to: MMI: Select on the home screen:
VEHICLE > Driver assistance > Speed warning.
You can select a warning threshold. If you exceed
this, then the current detected speed limit will be
shown in the display with an exclamation point
for the duration that it is exceeded and it will
blink for a short time.
146
IY ett Tel -1
Applies to: vehicles with camera-based traffic sign recognition
Traffic sign recognition: unavailable. Camera
view limited due to environm. conditions
The camera’s visual field is covered. Clean the
windshield.
Traffic sign recognition: currently limited.
See owner's manual
This message appears if navigation system data
is not available, for example on newly-construct-
ed roads. The speed limit display will be tempo-
rarily limited, which increases the risk of an incor-
rect display. If this message continues to appear,
drive immediately to an authorized Audi dealer or
authorized Audi Service Facility to have the mal-
function repaired.
No traffic sign information available
Depending on the area, there is no valid naviga-
tion data and no speed limits were detected. This
may also appear if there is a recommended
speed, but no speed limit (for example when
driving on and off the expressway).
Malfunction! See owner's manual
The system may not function correctly so it has
been switched off. See an authorized Audi dealer
or authorized Audi Service Facility for assistance.
Function currently unavailable. See owner's
manual
If this message appears on vehicles without cam-
era-based traffic sign recognition, then the traffic
light
information function is currently unavaila-
ble. See > page 148.

80B012721BA
Driver assistance

occurs continuously in order to help the driver
keep the vehicle in the center of the lane. If the
steering correction cannot be set, the steering
correction will function in the Late setting.
— Vibration warning - You can select if you would
also like to be warned using a vibration in the
steering wheel.
@) Tips
Certain settings are automatically stored and
assigned to the remote control key being
used.
Applies to: vehicles with Audi active lane assist
iri or is displayed when there is a malfunc-
tion, the active lane assist functions may be un-
available or limited.
A message that indicates the cause and possible
solution may appear with some displays. The
weather conditions may be too poor or the cam-
era may be covered. Clean the area in front of the
camera > page 143 and try to turn on the sys-
tems again later.
If the malfunction remains, drive to an author-
ized Audi dealer or authorized Audi Service Facili-
ty immediately to have the malfunction correct-
ed.
Audi pre sense
Introduction
Applies to: vehicles with Audi pre sense
Within the limits of the system, the Audi pre
sense functions can initiate measures in certain
driving situations to protect the vehicle occu-
pants and other road users. Depending on the ve-
hicle equipment, various Audi pre sense systems
may
be installed:
— Audi pre sense basic can react during emergen-
cy and dangerous braking maneuvers and un-
stable driving situations (such as oversteering
or understeering).
— Audi pre sense city and Audi pre sense front
can detect an impending frontal impact and re-
act with warnings, braking interventions, and
preemptive safety measures for the vehicle oc-
cupants.
— Audi pre sense rear monitors the rear traffic
behind your vehicle and can react to an impend-
ing rear impact.
— The swerve assist can help you to steer the ve-
hicle around an obstacle during an evasive ma-
neuver that is detected as critical.
— The turn assist can detect vehicles in the oppo-
site lane as critical during a turning maneuver
and react with braking maneuvers.
PNM eA ELT)
Applies to: vehicles with Audi pre sense
Depending on the vehicle speed and the vehicle
equipment, the following functions may be initi-
ated in certain situations:
— Visual and audio warnings
— Reversible tensioning of safety belts
— Closing the windows and panoramic glass roof
— Adjusting the seats
— Other preemptive safety measures by individual
systems

Z\ WARNING
Observe the safety precautions and note the
limits of the assist systems, sensors, and
cameras > page 141.
@) Tips
— Depending on the risk situation that is de-
tected and the selected Audi drive select*
mode, not all preemptive safety measures
may be initiated under certain circumstan-
ces. Certain functions can be adjusted or
skipped if necessary.
— Audi pre sense may be restricted or unavail-
able under certain circumstances, for exam-
ple if:

— There are passengers with unfastened
safety belts
— After turning on the ignition, as long as
the [BJ or indicator light is on.
— When driving in reverse
— The front passenger's airbag is switched
off

167

Parking and maneuvering

Entertainment fader - The volume of the audio/
video source is Lowered when the parking aid is
activated.
The new level is demonstrated briefly* when the
volume is adjusted.
Error messages
If P4 appears, the sensor in the respective area
or the speaker is faulty. Drive immediately to an
authorized Audi dealer or authorized Audi Service
Facility to have the malfunction repaired.
iffy or is displayed when there is a malfunc-
tion, the parking aid functions may be unavaila-
ble or may be limited.
A message that indicates the cause and possible
solution may appear with some displays. The
weather conditions may be too poor or a sensor
may be covered. Clean the area in front of the
sensors > page 143 and try to turn on the sys-
tems again later.
If the malfunction remains, drive to an author-
ized Audi dealer or authorized Audi Service Facili-
ty immediately to have the malfunction correct-
ed.

ZA\ WARNING
— Observe the safety precautions and note the
limits of the assist systems, sensors, and
cameras > page 141.
— Sensors and cameras have spots in which
the surrounding area cannot be detected.
Objects, animals, and people may only be
detected with limitations may not be detect-
ed at all. Always monitor the traffic and the
vehicle's surroundings directly and do not
become distracted.

@) Note
— Keep enough distance from the curb to
avoid damage to the rims.
— Applies to: vehicles with park assist: If you
park in short parking spaces using park as-
sist, a continuous tone sounds from the
parking aid when the distance to an object is
less than approximately 0.7 ft (0.20 m). Do
not continue driving farther.
176

G) Tips
— The segments in the side area* are detected
and analyzed when passing. If you switch
the ignition off and on again or open the
door, or if the vehicle is stationary for a peri-
od of time, the surrounding area may have
changed in the meantime. In this scenario,
the side area* will appear black until the
area has been detected and evaluated.
— If the distance to an obstacle remains con-
stant, the volume of the distance warning
gradually lowers after a few seconds until it
is muted (this does not apply to the continu-
ous tone). If the obstacle comes closer than
it was before the sound was muted, the
tone will sound again. If the obstacle be-
comes farther away than it was before the
sound was muted, no tone will sound. Pay
attention to the vehicle's surroundings
when you start to drive.
— There is no distance warning for the rear
and the sides* when trailer towing mode is
detected. The front sensors remain activat-
ed. There is no guarantee the functions will
be deactivated when using a retrofitted
trailer hitch.
Rearview camera and
peripheral cameras
Introduction
Applies to: vehicles with rearview camera/peripheral cameras

B8V-0629

Fig. 136 Orientation line display when parking
Depending on the vehicle equipment, a rearview
camera or multiple peripheral cameras may be
available.

Wheels

be five 150 lbs. passengers in
your vehicle, the amount of
available cargo and luggage
load capacity is 650 lbs.
(1400-750 (5 x 150) = 650
lbs.)
5. Determine the combined
weight of luggage and cargo
being loaded on the vehicle.
That weight may not safely ex-
ceed the available cargo and
luggage load capacity calculat-
ed in Step 4.
6. If your vehicle will be towing a
trailer, load from your trailer
will be transferred to your vehi-
cle. Consult this manual to de-
termine how this reduces the
available cargo and luggage
load capacity of your vehicle.
>Check the tire sidewall
(=> page 262, fig. 177) to deter-
mine the designated load rating
for a specific tire.
Wheel bolts and rims
Wheel bolts
Wheel bolts must be clean and loosen/tighten
easily.
Rims
Rims with a bolted rim ring* or with bolted wheel
covers* consist of multiple pieces. These compo-
nents were bolted together using special bolts
and a special procedure. You must not repair or
disassemble them > A\.
276

ZA WARNING
Wheel bolts that are tightened or repaired in-
correctly can become loose and result in loss
of vehicle control, which increases the risk of
an accident. For the correct tightening specifi-
cation, see > page 293, Finishing.
— Always keep the wheel bolts and the threads
in the wheel hub clean and free of grease.
— Only use wheel bolts that fit the rim.
— Always have damaged rims repaired by an
authorized Audi dealer or authorized Audi
Service Facility. Never repair or disassemble
rims yourself, because this increases the risk
of an accident.
Winter tires significantly improve the vehicle's
handling when driving in winter conditions. Be-
cause of their construction (width, compound,
tread pattern), summer tires provide less traction
on ice and snow.

> Use winter tires on all four wheels.
> Only use winter tires that are approved for your
vehicle.
> Please note that the maximum permitted
speed may be lower with winter tires > A\ in
General information on page 261. An author-
ized Audi dealer or authorized Audi Service Fa-
cility can inform you about the maximum per-
mitted speed for your tires.
> Check the tire pressure after installing wheels
=> page 271.
The effectiveness of winter tires is reduced great-
ly when the tread is worn down to a depth of
0.16 in (4 mm). The characteristics of winter tires
also decrease greatly as the tire ages, regardless
of the remaining tread.
@) For the sake of the environment
Reinstall summer tires at the appropriate
time, because they provide better handling
when roads are free of snow and ice. Summer
tires cause less road noise, tire wear, and fuel
consumption.

80B012721BA
Wheels

@) Tips
You can also use all season tires instead of
winter tires. Please note that in some coun-
tries where winter tires are required, only win-
ter tires with the 44 symbol may be permit-
ted.
Snow chains improve both driving and braking in
winter road conditions.
> Only install snow chains on the rear wheels.
> Check and correct the seating of the snow
chains after driving a few feet, if necessary. Fol-
low the instructions from the manufacturer.
> Note the maximum speed of 30 mph
(50 km/h). Observe the local regulations.
Use of snow chains is only permitted with certain
rim/tire combinations due to technical reasons.
Check with an authorized Audi dealer or author-
ized Audi Service Facility to see if you may use
snow chains.
Use fine-mesh snow chains. They must not add
more than 0.53 in (13.5 mm) in height, including
the chain lock.
You must remove the snow chains on roads with-
out snow. Otherwise, you could impair driving
ability and damage the tires.

ZA WARNING
Using incorrect snow chains or installing snow
chains incorrectly can result in loss of vehicle
control, which increases the risk of an acci-
dent.
@) Note
— Snow chains can damage the rims and
wheel covers* if the chains come into direct
contact with them. Remove the wheel cov-
ers* first. Use coated snow chains.
— Do not install and use snow chains if there is
a malfunction in the air suspension, be-
cause the vehicle height will be very low. If
you drive with snow chains anyway, the

wheel housings and other vehicle compo-
nents can be severely damaged.
G) Tips
When using snow chains, it may be advisable
to limit the ESC > page 120.
Low-profile tires
Applies to: vehicles with low-profile tires
Compared to other tire/rim combinations, low-
profile tires offer a wider tread surface and a
larger rim diameter with shorter tire sidewalls.
This results in an agile driving style. However, it
may reduce the level of comfort and increase
road noise when driving on roads in poor condi-
tion.
Low-profile tires can become damaged more
quickly than standard tires when driving over
large bumps, potholes, manhole covers, and
curbs. Therefore, it is particularly important to
maintain the correct tire pressure > page 271.
To reduce the risk of damage to the tires and
rims, drive very carefully on poor roads.
Check your wheels regularly every 2,000 mi
(3,000 km) for damage. For example, check for
bulges/cracks on the tires or deformations/cracks
on the rims.
After a heavy impact or damage, have the tires
and rims inspected or replaced immediately by
an authorized Audi dealer or authorized Audi
Service Facility.
Low-profile tires can wear out faster than stand-
ard tires.
Uniform tire quality grading
— Tread wear
— Traction AAABC
— Temperature A BC
Quality grades can be found where applicable on
the tire side wall between tread shoulder and
maximum section width > page 262, fig. 177.
For example: Tread wear 200, Traction AA, Tem-
perature A.
277
>

80B012721BA
Wheels

even if under-inflation has not reached the level
to trigger illumination of the TPMS low tire pres-
sure telltale.
Your vehicle has also been equipped with a TPMS
malfunction indicator to indicate when the sys-
tem is not operating properly. The TPMS mal-
function indicator is combined with the low tire
pressure telltale. When the system detects a
malfunction, the telltale will flash for approxi-
mately one minute and then remain continuously
illuminated. This sequence will continue upon
subsequent vehicle start-ups as long as the mal-
function exists.
When the malfunction indicator is illuminated,
the system may not be able to detect or signal
low tire pressure as intended. TPMS malfunctions
may occur for a variety of reasons, including the
installation of replacement or alternate tires or
wheels on the vehicle that prevent the TPMS
from functioning properly. Always check the
TPMS malfunction telltale after replacing one or
more tires or wheels on your vehicle to ensure
that the replacement or alternate tires and
wheels allow the TPMS to continue to function
properly.
Gated e Me)
appears
Applies to: vehicles with Tire Pressure Monitoring System in-
dicator

Laie Miele] Keds
The tire pressure indicator in the instrument
cluster informs you if the tire pressure is too low
or if there is a system malfunction.
Using the ABS sensors, the tire pressure monitor-
ing system compares the tire tread circumference
and vibration characteristics of the individual
tires. If the pressure changes in one or more
tires, this is indicated in the instrument cluster
display with an indicator light (J and a message.
If only one tire is affected, the location of that
tire will be indicated.
The tire pressures must be stored again each
time you change the pressures (switching be-
tween partial and full load pressure) or after
changing or replacing a tire on your vehicle
=> page 280. The tire pressure monitoring system
only monitors the tire pressure you have stored.
Refer to the tire pressure label for the recom-
mended tire pressure for your vehicle
=> page 271, fig. 180.
Tire tread circumference and vibration character-
istics can change and cause a tire pressure warn-
ing if:
— The tire pressure in one or more tires is too low
— The tires have structural damage
— The tire was replaced or the tire pressure was
changed and it was not stored > page 280
— Tires that are only partially used are replaced
with new tires
Indicator lights
If the @ indicator light turns on, there is a loss
of pressure in at least one tire .> A\ Check the
tires and replace or repair if necessary. Check and
correct the pressures of all four tires and store
the pressure again > page 280.
ia Tire pressure: malfunction! See owner's
manual
fi appears after switching the ignition on or
while driving and the @ indicator light in the in-
strument cluster blinks for approximately one
minute and then stays on, there is system mal-
function. Try to store the correct tire pressures
=> page 280. In some cases, you must drive for
several minutes after storing the pressures until
the indicator light turns off. If the indicator light
does turn off or turns on again after a short peri-
od of time, drive to an authorized Audi dealer or
authorized Audi Service Facility immediately to
have the malfunction corrected.

Z\ WARNING
— If the tire pressure indicator appears in the
display, reduce your speed immediately and
avoid any hard steering or braking maneu-
vers. Stop as soon as possible and check the
tires and their pressure.
— The driver is responsible for maintaining the
correct tire pressure. You must check the
tire pressure regularly.
— Under certain conditions (such as a sporty
driving style, winter conditions, or unpaved

279

Data privacy

Data privacy
Privacy notice
You can find information about responsibility for
data protection in the MMI.
Applies to: MMI: Select on the home screen: SET-
TINGS > General > Legal notes > About Audi
connect.
Image recording
See aye Le MUL ea La)
Applies to: vehicles with surrounding area monitoring
Some vehicle functions require the vehicle’s path
to be detected and evaluated. This is done by
cameras installed permanently on the vehicle
that detect objects in the vehicle's surroundings
(such as obstacles or guard rails). The live images
from the cameras are transmitted to the applica-
ble control module.
The camera images are transmitted to the appli-
cable control module and stored for processing.
The control module analyzes the current camera
image using image evaluation software. This im-
age evaluation software detects anonymized
technical measurements, such as distances to ob-
jects. The control module evaluates these techni-
cal measurements and makes it possible for the
assist systems to control the vehicle, if necessary.
Data memories
~ 1p o
S| =z
x a.

Fig. 202 Driver's side footwell: connection port for the On
Board Diagnostic System (OBD)
Your vehicle is equipped with electronic control
modules for various vehicle systems such as the
304

airbags. These vehicle control modules store data
while driving normally that is required by an au-
thorized Audi dealer or authorized Audi Service
Facility for diagnosis and repair purposes. Only
certain types of data are recorded for a very short
period of time if a control module has detected a
system event. No noises, conversations, or im-
ages will be recorded in the vehicle.
The data may include information such as the ve-
hicle speed, the direction of travel, and informa-
tion about the brake system, or also the behavior
of the restraint system in the event of an acci-
dent. The stored data can be exported and down-
loaded with special devices, which must be con-
nected directly to the vehicle.
On Board Diagnostic System (OBD)
There is a diagnostic connector socket in the driv-
er's side footwell to read out the various control
modules and the event data recorder. Data re-
garding the function and condition of the elec-
tronic control modules is stored in the event
memory. Only have an authorized Audi dealer or
authorized Audi Service Facility read out and de-
lete the event memory.

ZA WARNING
— Incorrect use of the connection port for the
On Board Diagnostic System can cause mal-
functions, which can then result in accidents
and serious injuries.
— Only allow an authorized Audi dealer or au-
thorized Audi Service Facility to read out the
motor data.

rash data recorder
Event Data Recorder
This vehicle is equipped with an Event Data Re-
corder (EDR). The main purpose of an EDR is to
record, in certain crash or near crash-like situa-
tions,
such as an airbag deployment or hitting a
road obstacle, data that will assist in understand-
ing how a vehicle's system performed. The EDR is
designed to record data related to vehicle dynam-
ics and safety systems for a short period of time,
typically 30 seconds or less. The EDR in this vehi-
cle is designed to record such data as:

Accessories and technical changes

Accessories and
technical changes
Warranty
Your vehicle is covered by various warranties:
— New Vehicle Limited Warranty
— Limited Warranty Against Corrosion Perforation
— Emissions Control System Warranties: Federal
Emissions Control System Defect Warranty,
Federal Emissions Performance Warranty
— Applies to: USA models: Kansas Safety Belt
Limited Warranty
— Applies to: USA models: California Emissions
Control Warranties: Short-term Emissions De-
fects Warranty, Long-term Emissions Defects
Warranty, TZEV models Emissions Defects
Warranty, California Emissions Performance
Warranty
You can find detailed information in your Warran-
ty & Maintenance Booklet and in the California
Emissions Booklet*.
Audi Literature Shop
Service information is made available as soon as
possible after a model is introduced and can be
ordered in the Audi Literature Shop: http://
literature.audiusa.com
Driving in other
countries
Government regulations in the United States and
Canada require motor vehicles to comply with
emissions regulations and safety standards.
Therefore, vehicles that were produced for the
U.S. and Canadian markets are different from
vehicles produced for other countries.
If you plan to use your vehicle outside of the
United States or Canada, it is possible that:
— Fuel may have a significantly lower octane rat-
ing. Unsuitable fuels can cause engine damage.
— Proper maintenance and repair work may not
be possible because special service equipment,
tools, or measuring devices needed for your ve-
hicle may not be available.
308
— Replacement parts may not always be availa-
ble.
— Navigation systems for vehicles built for the
U.S.A. and Canada will not necessarily work in
Europe, and may not work in other countries.
(1) Note
Audi is not liable for damage to the vehicle re-
sulting from these country-specific differen-
ces.
Maintenance, repairs,
and technical modifi-
cations
Observe the safety precautions > page 246, Gen-
eral information and > page 291, Raising the ve-
hicle.
General information
Due to the increasing complexity of technology in
these vehicles, as well as the safety and environ-
mental standards that apply, you can only per-
form a very limited amount of repairs and modifi-
cations to the vehicle yourself.
Proof of maintenance work may be required to
submit a claim within the warranty period.
We recommend that you have your vehicle serv-
iced by an authorized Audi dealer or authorized
Audi Service Facility and that Audi Genuine Parts
and Audi Genuine Accessories are used. This
helps to ensure that your vehicle's functionality,
performance, and safety are not impaired.
Maintenance and repairs
Your vehicle was designed to help keep mainte-
nance requirements to a minimum. Some regular
maintenance is required to help ensure that your
vehicle runs in a safe, economical, and reliable
manner. Please refer to your Warranty & Mainte-
nance Booklet for more detailed information
about vehicle maintenance.
When operating the vehicle under more extreme
operating conditions, for example when outside
temperatures are very low or in very dusty envi-
ronments, certain maintenance should be per-
formed between the specified intervals.

80B012721BA
Accessories and technical changes

or write to:
Administrator NHTSA
1200 New Jersey Ave.,
S.E. West Building
Washington, DC
20590.
You can also obtain other infor-
mation about motor vehicle safe-
ty from http://www.safercar.gov.
Applicable to Canada
If you live in Canada and you be-
lieve that your vehicle has a de-
fect that could cause a crash, in-
jury or death, you should immedi-
ately inform Transport Canada,
Defect Investigations and Recalls.
You should also notify Audi Cana-
da.
Canadian customers who wish to
report a safety-related defect to
Transport Canada, Defect Investi-
gations and Recalls, may either
call Transport Canada toll-free at:
Tel.: 1-800-333-0510 or
Tel.: 1-819-994-3328 (Ottawa re-
gion and from other countries)
TTY for hearing impaired:
1-888-675-6863
or contact Transport Canada by
mail at:
Transport Canada
Motor Vehicle Safety Investiga-
tions Laboratory
80 Noel Street
Gatineau, QC
J8Z OA1
For additional road safety infor-
mation, please visit the Road
Safety website at:
English:
http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/
motorvehiclesafety/menu.htm
French:
http://www.tc.gc.ca/fra/
securiteautomobile/menu.htm
Declaration of
compliance for telecom-
munications equipment
and electronic systems
The manufacturer is not liable for radio malfunc-
tions that are caused by unauthorized changes to
the equipment.
FCC Part 15.19
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC
Rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful
interference, and (2) this device must accept any
interference received, including interference that
may cause undesired operation.
FCC Part 15.21
Changes or modifications not expressly approved
by the party responsible for compliance could
void the user's authority to operate the equip-
ment.
311