window AUDI Q7 2011 Owner´s Manual
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: AUDI, Model Year: 2011, Model line: Q7, Model: AUDI Q7 2011Pages: 392, PDF Size: 93.29 MB
Page 129 of 392

_________________________________________________ O_ n_ t_ h_ e_ r _o_ a_d _ __.fflll
& WARNING
• Never remove the key from the ignition lock while the vehicle
is moving. The steering wheel will lock , cau sing loss of control.
• If you ha ve to leave your vehicle, even for ju st a minute, alw ays
remove the ignition key and take it with you. This i s especially
important if you are going to leave children unattended in the
vehicle. The children could start the engine or use other vehicle c ontrols . Unsupervised us e of vehicle controls (for example, power
windows) can cause serious personal inju ries.
0 Note
• If the ~ symbol in the display blinks, there is a malfunction in the
electronic stee ring column lock. Follow the instr uctions in
~ page 36, "Steering malfu nction i" .
• If the ~ symbol in the display blinks, there is a malfunction in the
electronic ignition lock . Follow the instr uctions in~
page 37, "Igni
t ion lock malfunct ion ~" .
(I] Tips
• If you release the ignit ion key i n pos it io n @ , the key automatically
returns to pos ition
(D .
• If you open the driver 's doo r whe n the ignition is sw itched on, a
buzze r sounds and the message
Ignition is on appears in the instru
ment cl uster d isplay. Please swi tch the ignition off.
• T o prevent malf unctions in the ignition lock, remove any dirt or
deposits from t he key bit so that t hey do not ente r th e ignit ion lock. •
Contro ls a nd e quip
m en t Vehicle
OP-eration
Ignition key safety Lock
The ignition key can only be r emoved when the selector
le ver is in the "P" (Park) position .
After turning off the ignition, the ignition key can only be removed
from the igni tion lock when t he se lector lever is in the "P" (Park) posi
tion. A fter you have removed the key, the selector lever is locked and
cannot be move d.•
Starting and stopping the engine
Starting the engine
The engine can only be sta rted with you r origina l A udi
key.
Fig . 125 I gnition key
pos iti ons
Vehicles with gasoline engine:
- Step on the brake.
- Move the se lector leve r into P or N
=> &.
- Turn the ig nition key to position @=> fig . 125 -do not
dep ress th e gas pedal when s tarting the engine .
Vehicle care Do-it-yourselt service iTechnical data
Page 157 of 392

Audi side assist Ill
----------------
Deactivating
-Pre ss th e b utton again . Th e ind icator light on the button
goes o ut.
The system works at speeds faster than 19 mph (30 km/h) .
& WARNING
• Improper reliance on the side assist system can cause collisions
and seriou s per sonal injury:
- Never rely only on side assist when changing lanes.
- Alway s check rear view mirrors to make sure that it is safe to
change lanes.
• Side assist cannot detect all vehicles under all condition s
danger of accident!
• Side a ssist cannot detect vehicle s in time to alert you when
they approach from behind at very high speed , or fall drop bac;k
very quickly .
• The radar sensor's
vision can be reduced o r entirely blocked by
rain, snow, and heavy spray . Thi s can result in side a ssist not
adequately detecting vehicles o r, in some cases , not detecting
them at all. Always keep an eye on the direction you are traveling
and the relevant area around the vehicle.
• Plea se note that side assi st indi cates there are approaching
veh icles, or vehicles in your blind spot, only after your vehicle has
reached a driving speed of at lea st 19 mph (30 km/h).
• Side assist signal does not work around tight corners (turning
radius le ss than 328 feet, or 100 m ).
• Side assist is no replacement for the driver's full attention. The
driver alone is respon sible for lane changes and similar driving
maneuvers. Always keep an eye on the direction you are traveling
and the relevant area around the vehicle .
Controls and equip
ment Safety first
0 Note
• T
o ens ure t hat you do not adve rsely affec t side assist, do not blo ck
the area on the rear bumper where the radar sensors are located with
foreign obje cts (s uch as stickers or bicy cle ra cks).
• Make s ure that the s ignal light on the outside mirror is not
blo cked by st ickers or o ther ite ms.
W Tips
• Side assist a utoma tically deact iva tes if it de tects that the rada r
sensors are blocked =>
page 161. The indicator light on the button
goe s out.
• Th e area on the bumpe r w here the ra dar sensors are located must
c o nsistent ly remain free of snow, i ce, a nd heavy soiling so tha t side
assist can funct ion p roper ly. Follow the add itiona l notes on
=>
page 162.
• F or vehicles with a factory installed towing hitc h* or a tra ile r
hi tc h* that was i nstalled late r according to f actory specifications,
side ass ist is automat ically deact ivated as soon as the electrical
c o nne ct io n to the tra ile r electr ical socket is made =>
page 161.
• For vehicles with a trai le r h itch that was not installed accor ding to
fac tory spe cifica tions, sw itch off the s ide ass ist whe n tow ing a tra iler.
• Additiona l t int ing on the front si de windows can make it ha rder to
se e and co rrectly unde rs tand t he signa l light o n the outs ide m irro r.
• For Declaration of Compliance to United States FCC an d Industry
Canada regulations=>
page 371 . •
Vehicle care Technical data
Page 193 of 392

________________________________________________ D_ r_ i_ v _i_n ""'g "-- S_a_ f_ e_ l _,,y'-- __
Important things to do before driving
Safety is everybody's job! Vehicle and occupant safety always depends on the informed and careful driver.
For your safety and the safety of your passengers, before
driving always:
- Make sure that all lights and signals are operating
correctly.
- Make sure that the tire pressure is correct.
- Make sure that all windows are clean and afford good visi-
bility to the outside.
- Secure all luggage and other items carefully::::>
page 107.
-Make sure that nothing can interfere with the pedals.
- Adjust front seat, head restraint and mirrors correctly for your height .
- Instruct passengers to adjust the head restraints according to their height.
- Make sure to use the right child restraint correctly to
protect children ::::,
page 233, "Child Safety".
- Sit properly in your seat and make sure that your passen gers do the same::::,
page 85, "General recommenda
tions".
- Fasten your safety belt and wear it properly. Also instruct
your passengers to fasten their safety belts properly
=:> page 201. •
Controls and equip
ment Safety first Vehicle operation
What impairs driving safety?
Safe driving is directly related to the condition of the
vehicle, the driver as well as the driver's ability to concen
trate on the road without being distracted .
The driver is responsible for the safety of the vehicle and all
of its occupants. If your ability to drive is impaired, safety
risks for everybody in the vehicle increase and you also
become a hazard to everyone else on the road::::,,& . There
fore:
Do not let yourself be distracted by passengers or by using
a cellular telephone.
NEVER drive when your driving ability is impaired (by
medications, alcohol, drugs, etc.).
- Observe all traffic laws, rules of the road and speed limits
and plain common sense .
- ALWAYS adjust your speed to road, traffic and weather
conditions.
- Take frequent breaks on long trips. Do not drive for more than two hours at a stretch.
- Do NOT drive when you are tired, under pressure or when
you are stressed .
& WARNING
Impaired driving safety increases the risk of serious personal
injury and death whenever a vehicle is being used.•
Vehicle care Do-it-yourself service Technical data
Page 195 of 392

________________________________________________ D_ r_ i_ v _i_n ""'g "-- S_a_ f_ e_ l _,,y'-- __
& WARNING (continued)
• Always sit in an upright position and never lean against or
place any part of your body too close to the area where the airbags
are located.
• Before driving, always adjust the front seats and head
restraints properly and make sure that all passengers are properly
restrained.
• Never adjust the seats while the vehicle is moving. Your seat
may move unexpectedly and you could lose control of the vehicle.
• Never drive with the backrest reclined or tilted far back! The
farther the backrests are tilted back, the greater the risk of injury
due to incorrect positioning of the safety belt and improper
seating position.
• Children must always ride in child safety seats~
page 233.
Special precautions apply when installing a child safety seat on
the front passenger seat~
page 211. •
Proper seating position for the front
passenger
The proper front passenger seating position is important
for safe, relaxed driving .
For your own safety and to reduce the risk of injury in the
event of an accident, we recommend that you adjust the seat
for the front passenger to the following position:
- Adjust the angle of the seatback so that it is in an upright
position and your back comes in full contact with it when
ever the vehicle is moving.
- Adjust the head restraint so the upper edge is as even as
possible with the top of your head. If that is not possible,
try to adjust the head restraint so that it is as close to this
position as possible=>
page 194.
Controls and equip
ment Safety first Vehicle operation
-
Keep both feet flat on the floor in front of the front
passenger seat.
- Fasten and wear safety belts correctly::::>
page 205.
For detailed information on how to adjust the front passenger's seat,
see ~
page 85.
& WARNING
Front seat passengers who are unbelted, out of position or too
close to the airbag can be seriously injured or killed by the airbag
as it unfolds. To help reduce the risk of serious personal injury:
• Passengers must always sit in an upright position and never
lean against or place any part of their body too close to the area
where the airbags are located.
• Passengers who are unbelted, out of position or too close to
the airbag can be seriously injured by an airbag as it unfolds with
great force in the blink of an eye.
• Always make sure that there are at least 10 inches (25 cm)
between the front passenger's breastbone and the instrument
panel.
• Each passenger must always sit on a seat of their own and
properly fasten and wear the safety belt belonging to that seat.
• Before driving, always adjust the front passenger seat and
head restraint properly.
• Always keep your feet on the floor
in front of the seat. Never
rest them on the seat, instrument panel, out of the window, etc.
The airbag system and safety belt will not be able to protect you properly and can even increase the risk of injury in a crash.
• Never drive with the backrest reclined or tilted far back! The
farther the backrests are tilted back, the greater the risk of injury
due to incorrect positioning of the safety belt and improper
seating position.
II>
Vehicle care Do-it-yourself service Technical data
Page 197 of 392

________________________________________________ D_ r_ i_ v _i_n ""'g "-- S_a_ f_ e_ l _,,y'-- __
- Adjust the head restraints so the upper edge is as even as
possible with the top of your head. If that is not possible,
try to adjust the head restraint so that it is as close to this
position as possible=:> fig. 187.
- If there are passengers in rear seat, fold the head
restraints up on the occupied seats or slide the center
head restraint upward at least to the next notch.
Adjusting head restraints=> page 92.
& WARNING
Driving without head restraints or with head restraints that are
not properly adjusted increases the risk of serious or fatal neck
injury dramatically. To help reduce the risk of injury:
• Always drive with the head restraints in place and properly
adjusted.
• Every person in the vehicle must have a properly adjusted head
restraint.
• Always make sure each person in the vehicle properly adjusts
their head restraint. Adjust the head restraints so the upper edge
is as even as possible with the top of your head. If that is not
possible, try to adjust the head restraint so that it is as close to
this position as possible.
• Never attempt to adjust head restraint while driving. If you
have driven off and must adjust the driver headrest for any reason,
first stop the vehicle safely before attempting to adjust the head restraint.
• Children must always be properly restrained in a child restraint
that is appropriate for their age and size=>
page 233. •
Controls and equip
ment Safety first Vehicle operation
Examples of improper seating positions
The occupant
restraint system can only reduce the risk of
injury if vehicle occupants are properly seated.
Improper seating positions can cause serious injury or death.
Safety belts can only work when they are properly positioned
on the body. Improper seating positions reduce the effective
ness of safety belts and will even increase the risk of injury
and death by moving the safety belt to critical areas of the
body. Improper seating positions also increase the risk of
serious injury and death when an airbag deploys and strikes
an occupant who is not in the proper seating position. A
driver is responsible for the safety of all vehicle occupants
and especially for children . Therefore:
- Never allow anyone to assume an incorrect seating posi-
tion when the vehicle is being used=:>&.
The following bulletins list only some sample positions that will
increase the risk of serious injury and death . Our hope is that these
examples will make you more aware of seating positions that are
dangerous.
Therefore, whenever the vehicle is moving:
• never stand up in the vehicle
• never stand on the seats
• never kneel on the seats
• never ride with the seatback reclined
• never lie down on the rear seat
• never lean up against the instrument panel
• never sit on the edge of the seat
• never sit sideways
• never lean out the window
• never put your feet out the window
Vehicle care Do-it-yourself service Technical data
Page 200 of 392

• ....__D_ r_iv _i_ n_, g=-- S_ a _ f_e _,Ly _ ______________________________________________ _
& WARNING (conti nu ed )
• Pleas e obse rve information on s afe driving => page 190.
& WARNING
To help prevent poi sonous exhau st ga s from being drawn into the
vehicle, always keep the rear lid closed while driving.
• Never transport object s larger than tho se fitting completely
into the luggage area because the rear lid cannot be fully closed.
• If you ab solutely must drive with the rear lid open, observe the
following notes to reduce the ris k of po isoning:
- Close all windows,
- Close the Pano ramic sliding sunroof*,
- Open all air outlets in the instrument panel,
- Swit ch off the air recirculation,
- Set the fresh air fan to the h ighest speed.
& WARNING
Alway s make sure that the doors, all windows, the Panorami c
sliding sunroof* and the rear lid are secur ely closed and locked to
reduce the risk of injury when the vehicle is not being used.
• After closing the rear lid, always make sure that it is properly
clo sed and locked .
• Never leave your vehicle unattended especially with the rear lid
left open . A child could crawl into th e vehicle through the luggage
compartment and close the rear lid becoming trapped and unable
to get out . Being trapped in a vehicle can lead to serious personal
injury.
• Never let children play in or around the vehicle.
• Never let passengers ride in the luggage compartment. Vehicle
occupants must alway s be properly restrained in one of the
vehicle 's seating positions.
W Tips
• Air circulation helps to reduce window fogging. Sta le air escapes
to the outside th rough vents in the trim panel. Be sure to keep these
slo ts free and open.
• Th e tire pressure m ust correspond to the load . The tire pressure is
shown o n th e t ire pressu re label. The tire pressure label is located o n
the driver's side 8-pillar . The tire p ress ure label lists the recom
me nded co ld tire inflation pressures fo r th e ve hicle at its max imum
capacity weight and the tires that were on your vehicle at t he time it
was manufactured. For recommended t ire pressu re s for normal loa d
conditions, p lease see chapter=>
page 322. •
Tie-downs
The lug gage c omp artm ent is equ ipped with fo ur tie
do wns to secur e luggag e and oth er items .
Use the t ie-downs to sec ure yo ur cargo properly => page 197,
"Load ing the l uggage comp artmen t".
In a co llision , the laws of physics mean that even smaller items that
are loose in the vehicle will become heavy m issi les t hat can ca use
ser ious injury. Items in the vehicle possess energy which va ry with
veh icle speed and the weight of the item . Vehicle speed is the most
sign ifi cant factor .
For example, in a frontal coll is ion at a speed of 30 mp h (48 km/h),
the forces a cting on a 1 0-lb (4.5 kg) o bje ct are about 20 times the
normal weight of the item. This means that the weight of the item
wou ld sudden ly be abo ut 200 l bs. (9 0 kg). You can imagine the inju
r ies that a 200 lbs. (90 kg) item flying freely through the passenger
compar tment cou ld cause in a collision like this .
liJ,
Page 207 of 392

& WARNING (continued)
• Never let any person ride with their feet on the instrument
panel or sticking out the window or on the seat.
• Never remove a safety belt while the vehicle is moving. Doing
so will increase your risk of being injured or killed.
• Never wear belts twisted.
• Never wear belts over rigid or breakable objects in or on your
clothing, such as eye glasses, pens, keys, etc., as these may cause
injury.
• Never allow safety belts to become damaged by being caught
in door or seat hardware.
• Do not wear the shoulder part of the belt under your arm or
otherwise out of position .
• Several layers of heavy clothing may interfere with correct
positioning of belts and reduce the overall effectiveness of the
system.
• Always keep belt buckles free of anything that may prevent the
buckle from latching securely.
• Never use comfort clips or devices that create slack in the
shoulder belt. However, special clips may be required for the
proper use of some child restraint systems.
• Torn or frayed safety belts can tear, and damaged belt hard
ware can break in an accident. Inspect belts regularly. If webbing, bindings, buckles, or retractors are damaged, have belts replaced
by an authorized Audi dealer or qualified workshop.
• Safety belts that have been worn and loaded in an accident
must be replaced with the correct replacement safety belt by an
authorized Audi dealer. Replacement may be necessary even if
damage cannot be clearly seen. Anchorages that were loaded
must also be inspected.
• Never remove, modify, disassemble, or try to repair the safety
belts yourself.
Safety first Vehicle OP-eration
Safety belts
& WARNING (continued)
• Always keep the belts clean. Dirty belts may not work properly
and can impair the function of the inertia reel=>
page 289,
"Safety belts". •
Safety belts
Fastening safety belts
Seat first -everybody buckle up!
Fig. 195 Belt buckle
and tongue on the
driver's seat
To provide maximum protection , safety belts must always be
positioned correctly on the wearer's body.
- Adjust the front seat and head restraint properly
=>
page 85 , "General recommendations" .
- Make sure the seatback of the rear seat bench is in an
upright position and securely latched in place before using
the belt =>& .
- Hold the belt by the tongue and pull it evenly across the
chest and pelvis=>& . _,.
Vehicle care Do-it-yourselt service iTechnical data
Page 224 of 392

-Airbag system
PMI------=----------------
& WARNING (conti nued)
• Never recline the front passenger's seat to transport objects.
Items can also move into the area of the s ide airbag or the front
airbag during braking or in a sudden maneu ver. Objects near the
airbags can become projectiles and cause injury, particularly when
the seat is reclined .
• Never tilt the front pa ssenger seat backrest forward when the
vehicle is moving. An inflating ai rbag will force the backrest back
ward and can injure rear seat occupants.
& WARNING
The fine dust created when airbags deploy can cau se breathing
problem s for people with a history of a sthma or other breathing
condition s.
• To reduce the ri sk of breathing problems, those with asthma or
other respiratory conditions should get fresh air right away by
getting out of the vehicle or opening windows or door s.
• If you are in a collision in which airbags deploy , wash your
hands and face with mild soap and water before eating .
• Be careful not to get the dust into your eyes, or into any cuts or
scratche s.
• If the residue should get into your eyes, flush them with
water. •
Monitoring the Advanced Airbag
System
Airbag monitoring indicator light t !
T wo separate indicators mon it o r the funct io n of the
Adv anced Airb ag System: the airbag mon it ori ng indicat or
light and the
PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF light.
The Advanced A irbag System (includ ing the electronic contro l unit,
s e nsor c ircui ts a nd sys tem wi ring) is mon ito red conti nuous ly to ma ke
sure that it is funct ion ing properly whenever the ign ition is on. Each
ti me you turn on the ignit io n, the airbag mon itorin g indic ator light
I
w ill come o n fo r a few seconds (self d iagnostics).
The system must be inspected when the indicator
light ~:
• does not come on when t he ign it ion is switched on
• does not go out a few seconds after you have switched on the igni
tion, or
• comes on while driving
If an a irbag system malfunction is detected, t he in dicator lig ht w ill
first start flashing to catch t he d river's attention and then stay on
con tinuous ly to serve as a constant reminder to have t he system
inspected immediately.
If a ma lf u nctio n occur s that t urns t he fron t airbag on the passenger
side off, the PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF light will come on and stay on
whenever the ignition is on.
& WARNING
An airbag system that is not fun ctioning properly cannot provide
supplemental protection in a frontal crash.
• If the airbag indicator light comes on , it means that there may
be something wrong with the Advanced Airbag System. It is .,..
Page 231 of 392

_______________________________________________ A_ ir_ b_ a_,,,g '--- s.:.y _s _t_ e _ m ___ _
"AIRBAG" . It expands between the side tr im panel and the passenger.
I n order to he lp prov ide th is addi tion al pro te ct ion, the s ide a irbag
must inflate within a fract ion of a second at very high speed a nd with
great force . The supp lementa l sid e airbag co uld inju re you if your
seat ing position is not proper or upr ight or if items are located in the
area where the s upplementa l s ide a irbag expands . This applies espe
c ially to children=>
page 233, "Child Safety". S upplementa l side
airbags inflate between the occupant and the door panel on the side
o f the ve hicl e that is st ru ck in ce rtai n side co llision=> fig. 205 .
Although they are not a soft pillow, they can "cush ion" the impact
and in th is way they can help to reduce the risk of injury to the upper
part of the body.
A fine dust may develop when the airbag deploys. This is normal and
does not mean there is a fire in the vehicle. •
Important safety instructions on the side
airbag system
Airbags are only supplemental restrain ts. Always pr op
erly wear safe ty belts and ride in a proper seating posi
tion .
There is a lot that yo u and your passengers must know and act accord
ing ly to help the safety be lts and a irbags do the ir job to provide
supplementa l protection .
& WARNING
An inflating side ai rbag can cau se serious or fatal injury. Improp
e rl y wearing safety belts and improper seating pos itions increase
the risk of se rious pe rsonal injury a nd death whenever a vehicle is
being used .
• In order to reduce the ri sk of injury when the supplemental
s ide airbag inflates:
Controls and equip
ment Safety first Vehicle operation
& WA
RNING (continued )
-Alway s sit in an upr ight po sition and never lean again st the
area where the supplem ental side airbag is locat ed .
- Ne ver let a child or an yone el se rest their head against the
s ide trim panel in the area wh ere the supplemental side airbag
inflates.
- Alw ays make sure th at s afet y belts are worn correctly,
- Do not let anyone sitting in the front seat put their hand or
a ny other parts of their body out of the window.
• Alway s make sure that the side airbag can inflate without
interfe rence .
- N ever in stall seat covers or replac ement uphol stery over the
front seatbacks that have not been spe cifically appro ved by
Audi.
- Never use additional seat cu shion s that co ve r the area s
wher e the side airbags deploy.
- Damage to the original seat co ver s or to the seam in the area
of the side airbag mod ule must a lway s be repaired immedi
ately by an authorized Audi dealer.
• Obje ct s between you and the airbag can in crea se the risk of
injur y in an accident by inte rfer ing with the wa y the airbag unfold s
or by being pushed int o you as the a irbag inflates .
- Ne ver pla ce or attach a cce sso ries or other object s (such a s
c upholders, t elephon e brack ets, or even larg e, bulky objects )
on t he d oor s, over or near the area marked "AIRBAG " on the
s e at ba ckrests .
- Su ch obje ct s and a cc es sories can be come dangerou s proj ec
tiles and cause injury when th e supplemental side airbag
deplo ys.
- Nev er ca rry any objects or pets in the d eployment space
between them and the airbag s or allow childr en or other
pas seng ers to tra vel in this position .
Vehicle care Do-it-yourself service Technical data
Page 232 of 392

...,. Airbag system
P#RI-- --=------------------------------
& WARNING (continued)
• Always use the built-in coat hooks only for lightweight
clothing. Never leave any heavy or sharp-edged objects in the
pockets that may interfere with side airbag deployment and can
cause personal injury in an accident.
• Always prevent the side airbags from being damaged by heavy
objects knocking against or hitting the sides of the seatbacks.
• The airbag system can only be triggered once. If the airbag has
been triggered, the system must be replaced by an authorized
Audi dealership.
• Damage (cracks, deep scratches etc.) to the original seat covers
or to the seam in the area of the side airbag module must always
be repaired immediately by an authorized Audi dealer.
• If children are seated improperly, their risk of injury increases
in the case of an accident =:>
page 233, "Child Safety".
• Never attempt to modify any components of the airbag system
in any way.
• In a side collision, side airbags will not function properly if
sensors cannot correctly measure increasing air pressure inside
the doors when air escapes through larger, unclosed openings in
the door panel.
- Never drive with interior door trim panels removed.
- Never drive when parts have been removed from the inside
door panel and the openings they leave have not been properly
closed.
- Never drive when loudspeakers in the doors have been
removed unless the speaker holes have been properly closed.
- Always make certain that openings are covered or filled if
additional speakers or other equipment is installed in the
inside door panels.
- Always have work on the doors done by an authorized Audi
dealer or qualified workshop. •
Side curtain airbags
Description of side curtain airbags
The side curtain airbags can provide supplemental
protection to properly restrained occupants.
Fig . 206 Side curtain
airbags , driver 's side:
locati on
The side curtain airbags are located on both sides of the interio r
above the front and rear side windows =:> fig. 206 . They are identif ied
by the wo rd "AIRBAG" on the windshield frame and the cente r roof
pillar.
Th e side curtain airbag system supplements the safety belts and can
he lp to reduce the risk of injury for occupants' heads a nd upper torso
on the side of the vehicle th at is struck in a si de collis ion . The side
curtain airbag inflates in side impacts and only when t he veh icle
acceleration registered by the control u nit is high enoug h.
If this rate
is below the reference va lue programmed in to the control unit, the
side airbags wi ll not be triggered, even though the car may be badly
damaged as a result of the collision. It is not possible to define an
airbag triggering range that wi ll cover every possible angle of impact,
since the circumstances will vary consid erably between one collision
and another. Important factors include, for example, the nature
(h ard or soft) of the impacting object, the angle of impact, vehicle
speed, etc.=:>
page 231, "H ow s ide curta in a irbags wor k". .,_