engine coolant AUDI RS5 CABRIOLET 2015 Owners Manual

10 Instruments and warning/indicator lights
Instruments and warning/indicator Lights
Instruments
Instrument cluster and controls
The instrument cluster is your central source of information.
Fig. 3 Ove rv iew of the instrument cluster
CD Coolant temperature gauge .. .
@ Tachometer ........... .. .. .
@ Warning/indicator lights .. .. .
© ISETlbutton .... .... .. .... . .
® Display
- Driver information system .. .
- Time and date d isplay .. .. .. .
- Odometer .......... ... .. .
@ Reset button for trip odometer
(z) Speedometer
@ Fuel gauge . .... ..... .. .. .. .
(D Tips
10
11
13
11
23
12
12
12
12
- When switching the ignition on, the nee­
dles in the instrument cluster swing up­
ward briefly.
- The illumination for the instrument clus­
ter lights up whenever you switch on the
i gnition with the
vehicle headlights off .
As the daylight fades, the instrument
cluster illumination likewise dims auto­
matically a nd will go out completely
when the outside light is
very low. This
feature is meant to remind you to switch
on the headlights when outside light
conditions become poor .
Engine coolant temperature gauge
The engine coolant gauge q page 10, fig. 3 CD
only works when the ignition is on. To prevent
damage to your engine, please note the fol ­
lowing important points:
Engine cold
If the needle is at or close to the bottom of
the gauge, the engine has not yet reached its
operating temperature. Avoid high engine
speeds, heavy engine loads, and heavy throt ­
tle app lications.
Normal temperature
When the engine has reached its operating
temperature, the needle will
move to the mid­
dle of the gauge and remain there . If the en­
gine is working hard at high outs ide tempera­
tures, the needle may
move higher on the
gauge. This is not a cause for concern as long
as the . warn ing light in the instrument
cluster display does not illuminate. If the.
warning light in the instrument cluster dis­
play flashes, this can mean one of two things:
either the coolant
temperature is too high, or
the coolant
level is too low¢ page 17 Ill-

"' N
a: LL co
rl I.O
"' rl
"' rl
Instrument s and warning /indicator lights 11
A WARNING
- Always observe the warning in
c::> page 195 , before opening the hood
and checking the engine coolant level.
- Never open the engine hood if you see or
hear steam, or if you see engine coolant
dripping from the engine compartment.
You could burn yourself. Let the engine
cool off first so that you cannot hear or
see any steam or engine coolant .
(D Note
-Mounting additional lights or accessories
in front of the air inlets reduces the cool­
ing effect of the rad iator. At high outside
temperatures or high eng ine load , the
engine could overheat.
- The front spoiler has been designed to
properly distribute the cooling air when
the veh icle is moving .
If the spoiler is
damaged , this cou ld reduce the cooling
effect and the engine co uld then over­
heat. Ask your authorized Aud i dealer for
assistance.
Tachometer (engine rev counter)
The tachometer indicates the engine RPM
(revolutions per minutes).
I f engine RPM drops below 1,500, you should
downshift to the next lower gear . T he red area
at the end of the scale indicates maximum
perm issible engine RPM after the break-in pe­
riod. Before reaching this area, move these­
lector lever to position 0/5 or ease your foot
off the accelerator pedal.
@) Note
The tachometer needle@c::> page 10 ,
fig. 3 shou ld only briefly be in the red
zone: you could damage your engine! The
beg inning of the red zone varies depend-
ing on the engine .
@) For the sake of the environment
Upshifting early saves fuel and reduces en­
gine noise.
~ button
Fig. 4 SET button in th e ins trume nt cluster
The !SET ! button performs the following func­
tions:
Switching on time, date, temperature
display and odometer
The display appears for approximate ly 30 sec­
onds when you press the
I S ET ! button c::> fig . 4
with the ignit ion off .
Starting the Auto-Check sequence
The Auto-Check system constantly monitors
certa in individual functions and components
of the vehicle when the ignition is turned on
and when the vehicle is moving .
With the ignition turned on, you can start the "Auto-Check sequence" by pressing the
! SE T!
button . You can perform an Auto-Check se­
quence when the vehicle is stationary and the
ignition is turned on or when the vehicle is
moving slower than 3 mph (5 km/h).
In addition, the number of keys initialised for
your vehicle is displayed.
L2 3 /3 means that
three keys have been initialised . This feature
enables used car buyers to make sure they
have received all of the keys.
If you are given only two keys, for ins tance ,
you should take the vehicle and the ex isting
keys to an authorized Audi dealer to have the
missing key d isabled .
It is also important to
notify your insurance company about the loss.
Setting the speed warning
By pressing the !SET ! button briefly, you can
set threshold 1 of the speed warning wh ile
you are driving
c::> page 80 . By maintaining II>

M N
er
u..
co ,...., \!) 1.1'1 ,...., 1.1'1 ,....,
Instruments and warning/indicator lights 17
9::;r: Engine oil pressure
The red engine oil pressure warning symbol
requires immediate service or repair . Driving
with a low-oil-pressure indication is likely to
inflict severe damage to the engine.
• Turn off engine! Oil pressure too low
If the indicator lig ht t urns on and the mes­
sage appears, the oil pressu re is too low.
~ P ull off the road.
~ Stop t he vehicle .
~ Turnoff the engine.
~ Check the engine oil level¢ page 199.
~ If the engi ne oil leve l is too low, add engine
o il ¢
page 199. M ake sure that the oil p res­
s ur e warning symbol. appea rs no longe r
in t he di sp lay before y ou s tart driving aga in.
~ If the engi ne oil leve l is corr ect and the in di­
cat or lig ht still tur ns o n, tur n t he eng ine
off
and do not contin ue d riving . Seek professio ­
nal assistance.
(D Tips
- The engine oil pressure symbol. is
not an indicator for a low engine oil lev­
el. Do not rely on it. Instead, check the
oil level in your engine at regular inter ­
vals, preferably each time you refuel,
and always before going on a long trip.
- The yellow oil level warning indication
II requires oil refill or workshop serv­
ice without delay. Do not wait until the
red oil pressure warning. starts to
flash before you respond to the low oil level warning
El . By then, your engine
may already have suffered serious dam­
age .
~ . Engine oil level
• WARNING : Please add oil immediately
If th e i ndi cator lig ht and the message appear,
add engine o il imme diate ly
¢page 197.
El Add oil, max XXXX l. You may cont . driv .
When the symbol Ill and dr iver message ap ­
p ear, add the amount of oil appearing in the
display at the next opportunity ¢
page 197 .
-L Engine cooling system
A malfunction in the engine cooling system
must be rep aired as soon as possible.
• Turn off engine and check coolant level
If th e i ndica to r li ght turns on and the m es­
sage appea rs, t he coolan t temperature is too
high o r th e coolan t leve l is to o low.
~ Pull off t h e road.
~ Stop the vehicle.
~ Tu rnoff the engi ne.
~ Che ck cool ant leve l.
~ Add coo lant if necessary¢ page 202.
~ Con tinue dr iv ing o nly afte r the engine cool ­
ant warning/indicator light goes out .
~ Contact your authorized Audi dealer for as-
sistance if necessa ry .
If the engi ne coo lant level is correct, t hen the
r adiator fan may be the ca use of t he malfunc­
tion.
A WARNING
- If you r vehicle should brea k dow n for
mechanical or other reaso ns, park at a
safe d istance fro m moving traffic, tu rn
off th e e ngin e and tu rn o n the haza rd
war ning lig hts¢
page 53, Eme rge ncy
fl as her s.
-
- Nev e r ope n the hood if y ou s ee or he ar
st eam or cool ant esc aping fro m the en­
g in e c omp artmen t - y ou risk b ein g sc ald ­
e d. Wa it unt il you c an no lo nger see o r
hea r steam o r coolant escap ing .
- Th e engi ne comp artme nt of any vehi cle
is a dan ger ous are a. B efo re you pe rform
a ny work in the engi ne com partment,
tur n of t he engine and allow it to coo l.
Follow t he warn ing sticke rs ¢
pag e 195.

M N
er
u..
co ,...., \!) 1.1'1 ,...., 1.1'1 ,....,
Warm and cold Climate controls
Description
Th e climate control sy stem warms, cools and
adds humidity to the a ir in the veh icle inter io r.
It is the most effect ive when the windows and
power top are closed. If there is a build-up of
h eat inside the vehicle, ventilation can help to
speed up the cooling process .
I n all he ating mode f unctions except
defrost,
the blower on ly switches to a higher speed
once the engine coolant has reached a certain
temp erature.
Condensat ion from the cooling sys tem can
d rip and form a puddle of water under the ve­
h icle. This is normal and does not mean there
is a leak .
Pollutant filter
The po llutant filte r removes po llutants s uch
as dus t and pollen from the air.
The air pollutants filte r must be changed at
the intervals spec ified in you r Wa rra nty
&
M aintenance book let, so tha t the air condi­
tioner can prope rly work .
If you drive your vehicle in an area w ith h igh
a ir po llution , the fi lter may need to be
changed more frequent ly than specified in
your Aud i Warranty
& Ma intenance bookle t. If
in doubt, ask your authorized A udi Service Ad ­
v isor for advice .
Key coded settings
The clima te control sett ings are automat ically
stored and assigned to the remote co ntro l key
that is in use. These set tings are differe nt
when the power top is open or closed .
& WARNING
Reduced visibility is dangero us and can
cause accidents . -
Warm and cold 69
-For safe driving it is very important that
all windows be free of ice, snow and con­
densat ion.
- Comp letely fam iliarize yourse lf with the
proper use and funct ion of the heat ing
and ve nti lation system and especially
how to defog and defrost the w indows.
- Never use the windshield wiper/washer
system in freez ing weather unt il you
have warmed the w indshield first, using
the heating and ventilation system. The
washer sol ution may free ze o n the wind­
shie ld an d red uce visib ility.
(D Note
- If you s uspect that the air conditioner
has been damaged, switch the system
off to avoid furt her damage and have it
i n spected by a q ua lified dea lership.
- Repairs to the Audi air condition er re­
quire specia l techni cal know ledge and
speci al tools. Contact an autho rized Aud i
dealer fo r ass istance.
@ For the sake of the environment
B y reduci ng the amou nt of f uel you use,
you also re duce the amount of pollu tan ts
emitted in to the a ir .
(D Tips
- Keep the air intake s lo ts ( in fro nt of the
w indshield) free from ice, snow and de­
br is in order to maintai n the proper f unc ­
tion of the climate control system.
- T he energy m anagement system may
switch the seat heating* or rear window
defroster off temporar ily . These systems
are available again as soon as the energy
balance has been restored .
- Air escapes through vents under the rear
window. When placing items of clothing
on the luggage compartment cover, en­
sure that the openings are not covered.

M N
er
u..
co ,...., \!) 1.1'1 ,...., 1.1'1 ,....,
note that electrica l equipment such as
exterior lights wi ll switch off as well
when that happens.
Switching engine off
App lies to vehicles: with conve nien ce key
.,. Bring your vehicle to a complete stop.
.,. Move the selector lever to the P or N pos i­
t ion.
... Press the
I START ENGINE STOPI button
~ page 76, fig. 91 .
Steering lock
The steering locks when you turn the engine
off us ing the
I STAR T ENGINE STOP I button
and open the dr iver's door. The locked steer­
ing helps prevent vehicle theft.
E mergenc y off
If necessary, the eng ine can be sw itched off
with the selector lever in the R or D/S pos i­
tions. To do so, step on the brake pedal and
press and hold the
I STAR T ENGINE STOP I but­
ton vehicle speed must be less than 6 mph (10 km/h).
.&, WARNING
- Never t urn off the eng ine be fore the ve ­
hicle has come to a complete stop . The
f ull function of the brake booster and the
power steering is not guaranteed . You
must use more force to turn or brake if
necessary. Because you cannot steer and
brake as you usually would, this could
lead to c rashes and serious injur ies.
- For safety reasons, you should always
park your vehicle with the se lector lever
in P. Otherwise, the veh icle could inad­
vertent ly roll away.
- The rad iator fan can continue to run for
up to 10 minutes eve n afte r you have
tu rned off the eng ine and removed the
ignition key. The radiator fan can also
turn on again if the eng ine coolant hea ts
up because of intense sunlight or hea t
build -up in the engine compartment.
On th e ro ad 77
-Always take the key with you whenever
you leave your ve hicle. Otherw ise, the
e ngine could be started or electrical
equipment such as the power windows
could be operated. This can lead to seri­
ous injury.
(D Note
If the engine has been under heavy load
for an extended period, heat bu ilds up in
the eng ine compartment after the engine
i s sw itched off - there is a r is k of damag ing
the e ngine. A llow the eng ine to run at id le
for abo ut two minutes before switching it
off.
Driver messages
I g nition i s on
This message appears and a warning tone
sounds if you open the d river's door when the
ignition is sw itched on.
No key ident ified
This message appears when the
I START ENGINE STOP I button is pressed if
there is no master key ins ide the ve hicle or if
the system does not recognize it . For exam­
ple, the master key cannot be recognized if it
i s covered by an object (e .g . aluminum brief
case) which
screens the radio s ignal. Electron­
ic dev ices such as cell p hones can also inte r­
f ere with the radio s ignal.
Pr ess brake p edal to start engine
This message appears if you do not press the
brake pedal to start the eng ine .
Shift to N or P to start eng ine
T his message appears w hen attempt ing to
star t the eng ine if the selecto r lever for the
automatic transmiss ion is not in the P or N
pos ition . The engine can only be started with
the se lector in these positions.
!I I s the ke y in the vehicle?

"' N
a: LL co
rl I.O
"' rl
"' rl
Checking and filling Engine hood
Releasing and opening the engine hood
The engine hood is released from inside the
vehicle .
Fig . 172 Dr iver's side footwell: eng ine hood release
lever
F ig . 173 Re lease lever un der the engine hood
Before opening the engine hood, make sure
that the windshield w ipers are flat against the
windshield. Otherwise, they could damage the
paint on the hood.
.. With the driver's door open, pu ll the lever
under the instrument panel in the direction
of the arrow
q fig. 172.
.. Raise the hood slightly q &.
.. Press the rocker switch under the hood up­
ward
c::> fig . 173 . This re leases the catch .
.,. Open the hood.
& WARNING
Hot engine coo lant can burn you.
- To redu ce the r isk of being burned, never
open the hood if yo u see or hear steam
or coolant escaping from the engine
compartment. Wait until no steam or
Checkin g and fillin g 195
coolant can be seen or heard before care­
fully opening the hood.
Closing the engine hood
.. Pull the hood down until the pressure from
the struts is reduced .
.. Let the hood
drop down and latch in place .
Do not try to push it shut; it may fail to en­
gage
q &, .
_&. WARNING
-
A hood that is not comple tely latched
could fly up and b lock your view while dr iv­
ing.
- When you close the engine hood, chec k it
to make sure the safety catch has p ro pe r­
ly engaged . The hood sho uld be flush
with the surrounding vehicle body parts .
-If you notice while driv ing that the hood
is not secured prope rly, stop at once and
close it.
Working in the engine compartment
Be especially careful whenever you work in the engine compartment .
Whenever yo u mu st p erform an y w or k in th e
eng in e compa rtment, for example checking
and filling differ ent fluid s, there i s a ri sk of
injury , burns and accidents. To prevent per­
sonal injury always obser ve the following
WARNINGS . The eng ine compa rtment of an y
v ehicle is a hazardous are a
q A.
_&. WARNING
To help avoid injury, before you check any­
thing under the hood:
- Turn off the engine.
- Remove the ignition key.
- Apply the parking brake .
- Move selector lever of automatic trans -
mission to "P" (Park).
- Always le t the engine cool down . Hot
components wi ll bur n skin on contact .

196 Checking and filling
-To reduce the risk of being burned, never
open the hood if you see or hear steam
or coolant escaping from the engine
compartment . Wait until no steam or
coolant can be seen or heard before care­
fully opening the hood .
- Keep children away from the engine com ­
partment .
- Never spill fluids on hot engine compo­
nents. They can cause a fire.
- Never touch the radiator fan. The auxili­
ary electric fan is temperature controlled
and can switch on suddenly.
- Never open the coolant reservoir cap
when the engine is still warm. The cool­
ant system is pressurized and hot cool­
ant could spray out.
- Protect your face, hands and arm from
steam or hot engine coolant by placing a
thick rag over the cap when you open the
coolant reservoir .
- Do not remove the engine cover under
any circumstances. This increases the
risk of burns.
- If work on the fuel system or the electri­
cal system is necessary:
- Always disconnect the battery.
- Never smoke or work near heaters or
open flames. Fluids in the engine com­ partment could start a fire.
- Keep an approved fire extinguisher im­
mediately available.
- To avoid electrical shock and personal in­
jury while the engine is running or being
started, never touch:
- Ignition cables
- Other components of the high voltage
electronic ignition system.
- If you must perform a check or repair
with the engine running:
- First, fully apply the parking brake,
move selector lever of automatic trans­
mission to "P" (Park). -
Always use extreme caution to prevent
clothing, jewelry, or long hair from get­
ting caught in the radiator fan, V-belts
or other moving parts, or from contact­ ing hot parts . Tie back hair before
starting, and do not wear clothing that
will hang or droop into the engine.
- Minimize exposure to emission and
chemical hazards~& .
A WARNING
California Proposition 65 Warning:
- Engine exhaust, some of its constituents,
and certain vehicle components contain
or emit chemicals known to the State of
California to cause cancer and birth de­
fects and reproductive harm. In addition,
certain fluids contained in vehicles and
certain products of component wear con­
tain or emit chemicals known to the
State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm.
- Battery posts, terminals and related ac­
cessories contain lead and lead com·
pounds, chemicals known to the State of
California to cause cancer and reproduc­
tive harms . Wash hands after handling .
(I) Note
When adding fluids, always make sure that
they are poured into the proper container
or filler opening, otherwise serious dam ­
age to vehicle systems will occur.
@) For the sake of the environment
To detect leaks in time, inspect the vehicle
floor pan from underneath regularly. If
you see spots from oil or other vehicle flu­
ids, have your vehicle inspected by an au­
thorized Audi dealer.

"' N
a: LL co
rl I.O
"' rl
"' rl
Checking and fillin g 197
Engine compartment
Engine compartment
These are the most important items that you can check.
Fig. 174 Typical layout for containers and engine oil filler cap
(D Coolant expansion tank (- L) . . . 202
@ Jump start point(+) under a cov-
er .. .. ... ....... ........ ..
207, 256
@ Engine o il filler cap ( @ Jump start point(-) with hex
head screw ............ .... .
207, 256
© Brake flu id reservoi r((())) . . . . . 204
® W indshie ld/headlight* washer
container
(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
A WARNING
Before yo u check anything in the engine
compartment, always read and heed all
WARNINGS
q .& in Working in the engine
compartment on page 195.
-
Engine oil
Engine oil specifications
The engine oil used must conform to exact
specifications .
The service interval disp lay in the instrument
cluster of your vehicle will inform y ou when it
is time for an oil change. We recommend that
you have your oil changed by an authorized
Audi Se rv ice Advisor .
If you have to top off the o il between o il
changes, use the Audi o il quality standard
specified in the tab le.
Audi oil quality standard
Gasoline
VW 502 00 or
eng ine vw 504 00 ...

M N
er
u..
co ,...., \!) 1.1'1 ,...., 1.1'1 ,....,
Engine cooling system
Coolant
The engine coolant performs two functions: it
keeps the engine from overheating and it pro ­
tects the engine from freezing in the winter .
The cooling system is sealed and generally re­
quires little attention.
T he cooling system has been filled at the fac­
tory with a permanent coolant which does not need to be changed. The coolan t consists of a
mixture of specially conditioned water and the
manufacturer 's glycol-based coolant addi-
tive G13 antifreeze with ant icorros ion addi­
tives (50% for USA models ; 60% for Ca nadian
models) . Th is mixture both assures the neces­
sary frost protection and protects metal com­
ponents in the engine's coo ling system from
corrosion and scaling. It a lso raises the boil­
ing point of the coo lant.
D o not reduce the concentration o f the coo l­
ant in the summer by adding plain water .
The
proportion of coolant additive mu st be at
least 50 % but not more than 60 %
to main­
tain antifree ze protection and cooling efficien­
cy. If the coolant frost protect ion is too low,
the coolant could freeze and damage the veh i­
cle heating and eng ine cooling system .
For year-round driving, antifree ze is added at
the factory for temperatures down to:
- -31° F(-35°C)USA
- - 4 0 ° F ( -40 °C) Canada.
I f you must add coo lant, use a m ixture of wa­
ter and coolant addit ive. Mixing the coolant
addi tive wi th disti lled wate r is recommended.
A WARNING
Be fore yo u check any thing in the engine
compartment, always read and heed all
WARNI NGS
~ .&. in Working in the engine
compartment on page 195.
(D Note
- Befo re win ter sets in, have the coolan t
checked to see if t he coolant ad dit ive in
-
Checkin g and fillin g 201
your vehicle is sufficient to meet the cli ­
mate conditions . This is especia lly impor ­
tant if you live in a region where the win ­
ter is extreme ly co ld. If necessary, in­
c rease the p ropo rtion of coo lant add itive
to 60% .
- When adding coolant additive to your
cooling system, remember:
- We re commend using on ly coola nt ad­
d itive G 12++ or G 13 for your veh icle .
T his coolan t ad di tive is availab le a t au­
thor ized Audi dealers. Other types of
antifreeze can significantly reduce cor ­
rosion protection. The resulting corro­
sion can cause a loss of coolant and se­
rious engine damage .
- Do not add any type of rad iator leak seal­
ant to your vehicle's engi ne coolant .
Add ing radiator repa ir flu id may adverse ­
ly affect the f unction and performance of
your cooling system and cou ld resu lt in
damage not covered by you r New Ve hicle
Li mited War ran ty.
•
•

202 Checking and filling
Checking the engine coolant level and
adding coolant
Be very careful when adding engine coolant.
Fi g. 1 77 En g in e c ompart men t: C over on the coola nt
ex pan sion ta nk
Fig. 178 Engine co mpar tment : ma rkin gs in th e coolant
ex pan sio n ta nk
Before you che ck anything in the engi ne com­
partment,
a lwa ys r ead and heed all WARN­
INGS c> A in Working in the engine compart ­
ment on page
195.
The "M IN " und "MAX " mark ings a re found o n
the bi -level disc in the in terior of the coolant
expansion tank
¢ fig . 178.
.,. Pa rk you r vehi cle on a level sur face .
.,. Turn off t he igni tion.
.,. Let the engine coo l down .
.,. Place a thick rag over the coolant expansion
tank and
c a refully turn the cap cou nte r­
clockwise
c> _&. .
.,. Read the eng ine coolant level inside the
coolant expans io n tank
c> fig . 177,
c>page 197 , fig. 174 . With a cold engine,
the coolant level sho uld be betwe en the
" M IN " and "MAX " ma rkings <=>
fig. 178
-arrows- . W he n t he eng ine is wa rm, the lev­
el may be slightly
above the "MAX" marking . .,.
Add coo lant mixed in the correct rat io, if
necessary
c> page 201 . Coolant may be a
maxim um of 1 mm above the MAX marking .
.,. Twist the cap on again
tightly.
The location of the coo lant expansion tan k
can be seen i n the engine compartment illus ­
tration
c> page 197.
T o obtain an acc urate reading, the engine
must be sw itched off.
T he ex pan sion ta nk in your vehicle is eq uipped
with an ele ctric coo lant level senso r.
When the coolant level is too low , the wa rn ing
li ght in the Au to-Check System <=>
page 17 will
blink u nti l yo u ad d coolant and the level has
been restored to normal. Eve n t hough t here i s
an e lectri c coo lant level senso r, we still rec ­
ommend you check the coola nt level from
time to t ime.
Coolant loss
Coolant loss may indica te a leak in the cooling
system. In t he event o f coolant loss, the coo l­
i ng system shou ld be inspected immediately
by your a uthorized Audi dea ler . It is not
eno ugh mere ly to add coolant.
In a
sealed sys tem, losses can occur on ly i f
the boili ng point o f the coo lant is exceeded as
a res ult of overheating.
Adding coolant
Rep la cement engine coo la nt must conform to
exact spe cificat ions
c> page 201, Cool ant .
We recommend using only coolant add it ive
Gl 2++ , Gl3 or in an emergency G 12 +. Do not
use a diffe rent add itive. In an emerge ncy use
plain w ater until yo u can get the correc t addi­
tive a nd can res tore the cor rect ra tio. T hi s
sho uld be done as soon as possib le .
If you have lost a considerab le amou nt of
c oolant , the n you shoul d a dd cold an tifreeze
and co ld wate r on ly w hen the e ng ine is cold.
Always use
n ew engine coo lant w hen refilling .
Do not f ill coo la nt
above the "MA X" mark. Ex-
cess coolant will be forced o ut through the .,,_