fuel cap AUDI S4 2013 User Guide
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: AUDI, Model Year: 2013, Model line: S4, Model: AUDI S4 2013Pages: 302, PDF Size: 75.61 MB
Page 244 of 302

24 2 T ire s and wheel s
-Adjust the tire pressure to the load you are
carrying.
- Reinsta ll the va lve stem cap on the valve .
When should I check the tire pres sur e?
The correct tire pressure is especially impor
tant at high speeds. The pressure should
therefore be checked at least once a month
and a lways before starting a journey. Do not
forget to check the tire pressure for the spare
wheel.
When should I a dju st the tire p re ss ures?
Adjust the tire pressure to the load you are
carry ing . After changing a wheel
o r replacing
wheels you have to adjust the tire pressures
on all wheels . In addition, you must then initi
alize the new tire pressures in the tire pres
sure monitoring system*
r:!> page 253.
A WARNING
Incorrect tire pressures and/or underinf la
tion can lead sudden tire failure, loss of
control, collision, ser ious personal injury
or even death.
- When the
II] warning symbol appears in
the instrument cluster, stop and inspect
the tires .
- Incorrect tire pressure and/or underinfla
t ion can cause increased t ire wear and
can affect the handling of the veh icle and
stopp ing ability.
- Incorrect tire pressures and/or underin
flation can also lead to sudden tire fa il
ure, including a blowout and sudden de
flation, causing loss of vehicle control.
- The driver is responsible for the correct
t ire press ures fo r all tires on the vehicle .
T he applicable p ressure va lues are locat
ed on a sticker on the driver's side B -pil
lar.
- Only when a ll ti res on the vehicle are fi l
led to the correct pressure, the tire pres
sure monitoring system* can work cor
rect ly.
- The use of incorrect tire pressure values
can lead to accidents or other damage.
Therefore it is essential that the driver observe the specified t
ire pressure val ues
for the tires and the correct pressures for
the function of the ti re pressure monitoring system*.
- Always inflate tires to the recommended
and correct t ire pressure before dr iv ing
off.
- Driving with underinflated tires bend
more, letting them get too hot resulting
in tread separation, sudden tire failure
and loss of control.
- Excessive speed and/overloading can
cause heat build-up, sudden tire failure
and loss of cont rol.
- If the tire pressure is too low or too high,
the t ires will wear prematurely and the
veh icle w ill not ha ndle well.
- If the tire is not flat and you do not have
to change a wh eel immediately, drive at
red uced speed to the nearest service sta
tion to check the t ire p ressure and add
air as required.
Q) Note
D riving without valve stem caps can cause
damage to the tire valves. To prevent this,
a lways make sure tha t factory insta lled
valve stem caps on all whee ls are sec urely
mounted on the valve.
@ For the sake of the environment
U nderinflated tires w ill also incre ase the
fuel consumption .
Tires and vehicle load limits
There are limits to the amount of load or
weight that any veh icle and any tire can carry.
A vehicle that is over loaded will not handle
well and is more d iff icult to stop. Overloading
can not only lead to loss of vehicle control,
but can also damage important parts of the
vehicle and can lead to sudden tire fa ilure, in
cl ud ing a b lowout and sudden deflation tha t
can cause the vehicle to crash.
Your safety and that of your passengers also depends on making sure that load limits are .,..
Page 279 of 302

Data
Data
A4 Sedan 211 hp,
2.0 liter 4-cyl. engine
Engine data
Maximum output SAE net
Maximum torque SAE net
No. of cylinders
Displacement
Stroke
Bore
Compression ratio
Fuel
Dimensions (approx.)
length (with licence plate bracket)
Width (with outside mirrors folded)
He ight (unloaded)
T urning circle diameter (curb to curb)
Capacities (approx. )
Fuel tank
- Total capacity
- Reserve (of total capacity) hp@rpm
lb-ft@rpm
C[D (cm
3
)
in (mm)
in (mm)
211 @4300-6000
258@ 1500-4200
4
121 (1984)
3 .65 (92.8)
3 .25 (82.5)
9.6: 1
Premium unleaded (91 AKI) Recommended for
maximum engine performance. Further details
Q page 214, Gasoline
B io-ethanol (E85 ) Vehicles with flexible fuel en
gines may be operated with bio-ethanol fuels
(E85) or with premium unleaded gasoline (91
AKI). Further details Q page 215, Ethanol fuel
(Bio-ethanol).
in (mm)
in (mm)
in (mm)
ft (m) 1 85.1 (4701)
71.9 (1826)
56.2 (1427)
gal (liters)
gal (liters)
1.8-2.4
(7-9)
Wind shield and headlight* washer fluid container
Engine oil with filter change quarts (liters)
quarts (lite
rs) 4 .8 (4 .5)
4 .9 (4.6)
277
•
•
Page 280 of 302

278 Data
allroad 211 hp, 2.0 liter 4-cyl. engine
Engine data Maximum output SAE net
Maximum torque SAE net
No . of cylinders
Displacement
Stroke
Bore
Compression ratio
Fuel
Dimensions (approx.)
Length (with licence plate bracket)
Width (with outside mirrors folded)
He ight (unloaded)
T urning circle diameter (curb to curb)
Capacities (approx.)
Fuel tank
- Total capacity
- Reserve (of total capacity) h
p@rpm
L b-ft@ rpm
CID (cm
3 )
in (mm)
i n (mm) 211
@ 4300-6000
258@ 1500-4200
4 121 (1984)
3.65 (92 .8)
3.25 (82 .5)
9.6:
1
Premium unleaded (91 AKI) Recommended for
maximum engine performance . Further details
¢ page 214, Gasoline
Bio-Ethanol (E85 ) Vehicles with flexible fuel en
gines may be operated with bio-ethanol fuels
( E 85) or with premium unleaded gasoline (91
AKI). Further details ¢page 215, Ethanol fuel
(Bio-ethanol).
i n (mm)
i n (mm)
----
in (mm)
ft (m)
185 .9 (4721)
72.5 (1841)
58.0 (1473)
37.7 (11.5)
gal (liters)
gal (liters) 1.8 -2 .4
(7-9)
Wind shield and headlight* washer fluid container
Engin e oil
with filter change quarts (liters)
quarts (lite
rs) 4
.8 (4 .5)
4 .9 (4 .6)
Page 281 of 302

Data
S4 Sedan 333 hp, 3.0 liter 6-cyl. engine
Engine data
Maximum output SA E ne t
M aximum torque SAE net
No . of cylinders
Displacement
Stroke
Bore
C ompression ratio
Fuel
Dimension s (approx .)
L eng th (with licence pla te bra ck et)
Width (with outside mirrors folded) He igh t (unloaded)
T urning circle diameter (curb to curb)
Capacities (appro x.)
Fuel tank
- Total capac ity
- Reserve (o f to tal capacity) hp@rpm
lb-ft@ rpm
-~,
ClD (cm3
)
in (mm)
in (mm)
333 @ 5500 -6500
325
@ 2900-5300
6
182.8 (2995)
3 .50 (89)
3 .33 (84 .5)
1 0.3 : 1
Prem ium unleaded (91 AKI) Recommended for
maximum engine performance. Further details
c:> page 214, Gasoline
in (mm) 1 8 5.7 ( 4716)
in (mm) 71.9 (1826)
in (mm) 55 .4 ( 1406)
ft (m) 37.7 (11.5)
gal (liters) 1 6 .1 (61.0)
gal (li ters) 1.8- 2.4
( 7- 9)
Windshield and headlight* wa sher fluid container quarts (liters) 4.8 (4.5)
Engine oil with filte r ch ange qu
arts (lite rs) 7. 2 (6 .8)
279
•
•
Page 288 of 302

286 Index
Automatic climate control Air vents ... ............... .. .... .. 78
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Setup . .. ............... .. .. .... .. 79
Automatic Shift Lock (ASL) . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Automatic transmission .......... ..... 91
Automatic Shift Lock (ASL) . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Driving .. ... ............ .. .. .. .. .. 93
Em ergency mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Em ergency release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
K ick -down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
M anual shift program ....... .... .. .. 96
multitronic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Removal lock (ignition key) ... .. .. .. . . 80
Selector lever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
S tronic .... .................. ... .. 91
tiptronic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Automatic wipers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Auto Safety Hotline ........ .. .. .... . 135
Average speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Avoid damaging the vehicle ....... ... . 194
B
Bag hooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,229
Batter y location inside the luggage com-
partment .. ................ ... ... 230
Charging . ... ............ .. .. .. .. . 232
I mportant warnings when wo rking on
the battery ............... ... .... . 230
Jump starting ................ .... . 269
Low ..... .. ................ ..... . 192
Replacing the battery ..... .. .. .... . 233
State of charge .................... 192
Winter operation .................. 229
Working on the battery ......... .... 230
Before driving .............. ... .... . 127
Bio-ethanol (Fuel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Blended gasoline .......... .. .. .... . 214
Blow er (automatic climate control) . . . . . . 78
Body cavity sealing .............. ... . 208
Booster seats ...................... 174
Brake flu id
Changing the brake fluid ..... .. .. .. . 229
Checking the brake fluid level ... .. .. . 228
Reservoir . ................. ..... . 228 What
is the correct brake fluid level? . . 228
What shou ld I do if the brake fluid warn-
ing light comes on? ................ 228
Brak e system .. .. .. ............. .. .. 228
Anti- lock braking system ........ .... . 19
Brake assist system ................ 185
Brake fluid .... .. ................. 228
Brake fluid specifications for refill and re -
placement .... .. ... .......... .. .. 229
Brake light defective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Brake power assist unit ............. 188
Brakes ...... .. .. .. ..... ........ .. 188
Ceramic brakes . .. ................ . 188
Electromechanica l parking brake . .... . 85
Warning/ind icator lights ........ .. .. . 15
Worn brake pads symbo l . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Braking Emergency braking funct ion ........ .. 87
braking guard ... .. ............. .... . 99
Messages . .. .. .. ............. .. .. 107
Settings .. .. .. .. .. .... .... ... .... 106
Break-in period .... ................. 194
T ires ..... .... .. .. .............. . 194
Bulbs .......... .. ....... ......... . 268
C
California Proposition 65 Warning ... .. 220
Battery specific .. ............. .. .. 231
Capacities ......................... 277
Car care ........ .. .. .............. . 202
Interior ... .... .. .. .............. . 209
Plastic and vinyl ................... 206
Care of exterior .. .. ... .......... .. .. 202
Cargo area
refer to Luggage compartment. . . 68, 133
Catalytic converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Center armrest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Central locking .. .. ... .......... .. .. . 32
Central locking switch .......... .... . 36
Convenience key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Remote control key ................. 35
Ceramic b rake rotors
New brake pads .. ............. .... 188
Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Changing a flat tire . ................. 259
Changing a wheel .. ............. .... 259
Page 292 of 302

290 Index
Floor mats ........ ......... ... .... . 132
Fog lights/rear fog light(s) ..... .. .. .. . . 47
Folding the rear seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
F oot pedals ....................... . 132
For the sake of the environment Gasoline fumes and the environment .. 217
L ett ing the engine warm up . . . . . . 80, 83
Refueling ............... .. .. .... . 217
Saving fue l by early upshift ing .. ...... 11
Front airbags Descr ipt ion .... .... ...... .. .. .. .. . 149
H ow they work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Frontal collisions and the laws of physics 138
Fr ont passenger's door emergency locking 38
Front seats Adjusting .. ..... ........... ... .. . 129
Ch ild restraints in the front seat . .. .. . 146
Fuel Additives . ... ............ .. .. .. .. . 214
Blended gasoline ............. .. ... 214
Consumpt ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Filler neck .. ... . ...... ... .. .. .. .. . 216
Fu el gauge ... ........... .. .. .... .. 12
Gasoline . ... ............ .. .. .. .. . 214
Gasoline additives ................ . 216
Low fuel level symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Octane rating .................... . 214
Recommendation ........... .. .... . 214
Refuelling .... ........... .. .. .... . 217
Reserve .. ... ... .... ..... .. .. .. .. .. 12
Tank capacity ............. ... .. ... 277
Tank system .......... .... ... .. .. .. 21
Un lock ing the fuel fi ller flap by hand .. 218
Fuel economy messages (efficiency pro-
gram) . .. .. .. ... .. ..... ... .... .. .. .. 29
Fuel filler flap
Unlocking the fuel filler flap by hand .. 218
Fuses Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265, 266, 267
Replacing . ................. ..... . 265
G
Garage door opener (HomeL ink) .. .. ... 123
Garment hooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Gas discharge lamps ......... ... .... . 268 Gauges
Engine coolant temperature . . . . . . . . . . 10
Fuel gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Tachometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Gear recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Gearshift indicator ...... ........... .. 27
Gearshift lever
6-speed manual transmission .... .... . 91
General illustration
Instruments and controls ....... .... .. 8
Generator Warning/ind icator lights ........... .. 17
G lossary of tire and loading terminology 235
G love compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Valet parking .... ................ .. 45
GPS controlled clock ................ .. 12
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) . .. 275
Ground clearance .. ... .......... .... 198
H
Headlights
Cleaning system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Defective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Headlight range control ............. 22
Left hand drive, right hand drive .. .. .. . 49
Travel mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Headlight washer reservoir ..... .. .... 233
Head restraints .. .. ............. .... 131
Adjusting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61, 131
Removing/installing .............. .. 61
Heated exterior mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SO
rear window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
seats .... ... .. .. .. ...... ....... .. . 78
windshield washer spray nozzles . . . . . . 53
Heating ... ..... .. .. .............. .. 76
Heavy clothing and safety be lts ...... .. 140
High beam .. .... ... ................ . 48
High voltage warning label ........ ... 275
Hill descent control ................ .. 95
Homelink (remote control)
Hood 123
Opening . ..... .. ................ . 219
Re lease lever .... ............. .... 219
Hooks ... .. .. .. .. ............... .. . 72
Horn ...... .. .. .. .. ............... .. 8
Page 296 of 302

294 Index
Escape hand le ...
..... ... .. .. .... .. 42
Opening and closing
Rear light 39
Defective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Rear view camera Parking mode 1
Parking mode 2 120
121
Rear view mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Rear window heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Rear window sun shade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Rear window washer system . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Recirculation mode (automatic climate
control) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Refuelling . .. .. . .......... .. .. .... . 217
Release lever for hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Remote control
Hom elink .. ............. .. .. .. .. . 123
Remote control key ........... .. .... .. 33
Personalizing ............. ... .. .. .. 33
unlocking/locking ....... ... .. .. .. .. 35
Remote rear lid release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Repair manuals .. ........ .. .. .. .. .. . 280
Repairs Airbag system ............ ... .. ... 158
Replacement key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Replacing Windshield wiper blades ..... .. .... .. 55
Replacing bulbs ............ ... .. .. . 268
Replacing tires and wheels ... .. .. .. .. . 246
Replacing wipe r blades . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 54
Reporting Safety Defects .... .. .. .... . 135
Reset button .. .. ........ ...... .... .. 12
Retractor .... .......... ...... ... .. . 140
Reversible floor .. ........ .. .. .. .... .. 75
Reversible mat .. ........ .. .. .. .. .. .. 73
Right hand drive ........... .... .... .. 49
Rims Cast alloy . .. .... ........ .. .. .... . 208
Roof rack .. ... ............ .. .. .. .. .. 67
Roof load .. ... .......... .. .. .. .. .. 68
Roof weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
s
SAFE . .. .. ... ............ .. .. .. .. .. 12
Safe driving hab its ......... .. .. .. .. . 127 Safety
belt position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Safety belt height adjustment ... .. .. 143
Safety belts worn by pregnant women . 142
Safety belt pretensioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Service and disposal ............... 144
Safety belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Cleaning .. ... ... ................ . 212
Danger to passengers who do not wear a
safety belt .... .. ............. .... 138
Fastening . .. .. . .. ............ .. .. 140
Height adjustment .. ... ........ .. .. 143
Improperly worn ... ........... .. .. 143
Not worn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Safety be lt position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Safety instructions ............. .... 140
Securing child safety seats ....... ... 176
Spec ial considerations for pregnant
women ...... ... .. .............. . 142
Unfa stening ... .. ... .......... .. .. 142
Warning/indicator light ......... .... 13 7
Warning light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Why YOU MUST wear them .......... 137
Worn properly ... .. ........... .. .. 139
Safety belt warning light ......... .. .. 13 7
Safety compliance sticker ........ .... 275
Safety equipment . ... ........... .. .. 127
Safety features for occupant restraint and
protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7
Safety guidelines
Seats . .... .... .. ............. .... . 58
Safety instructions
Engine compartment ........... .. .. 219
for side c urtain airbags ............. 165
for using child safety seats ...... .... 169
for using safety belts ........... .. .. 140
Monitoring the Advanced Airbag Sys-
tem .. ..... ... .. .. .............. . 158
Seat adjustment Head restra ints ... ................ 131
Seat belts
refer to Safety belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7
Seat heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Seating capac ity ... ............. .... 137
Seating position Driver .. .. .... .. .. ........... .. .. 128
Front passenger .. ... .......... .. .. 129
How to adjust the front seats ........ 129
Page 298 of 302

296 Index
Tether anchors .. .. ..... ... .. .. .... . 182
Tet he r strap . .............. ... .. ... 182
The first 1,000 miles (1,500 km) and after-
wards . .. .. ................. .. .. .. . 194
T ie-downs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72, 134
tiptronic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Automatic Shift Lock (ASL) . . . . . . . . . . . 93
D riving .. .... ........... .. .. .. .. .. 93
E mergency mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
M anual s hift program ... .. .. .. .... . . 96
Selecto r lever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
T ire pr essure . .............. ... .. .. . 241
Tire pressure monitoring system Loss of air pressure ....... .. .. .. .. . 253
Malfunct io n ..... ......... ... .. .. . 253
Resett ing t ire press ures . ... .. .. .. .. . 254
Tires . .. ... ... .. .. ..... ... .. .. .... . 234
Low aspect ratio t ires ...... .. .. .. .. . 252
Service life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Speed rati ng letter code . ........ .. . 247
Tire ma nufacturing date . ........ .. . 247
Tir e pressure mon itor ing syst em .. ... 253
T ire spe cifications ...... .. .. .. .. .. . 24 7
Tr ead depth ... .......... .. .. .. .. . 24 4
Unif orm tire quality g rading .. .. .. ... 2 49
Winte r tir es . .. .. ..... ... .. .. .... . 250
T ires and whee ls
Che ckin g tire pressu re . .. .. .. .. .. .. . 24 1
Cold t ire in fla tion press ure . .. .. .. .. . 238
Di mensions ... ............. .. .... . 24 6
General notes .. . ...... ... .. .. .... . 234
Glossa ry of ti re and loa ding te rmino lo-
gy . ... .. .. .. .. .. .... ... .. .. .. .. . 235
New tires and wheels ...... .... .... . 246
Replacing .. ............. .. .. .. ... 246
Snow chai ns ... ... .... ... .. .. .. .. . 251
Tires and vehicle load lim its .. .. .. ... 24 2
Wheel bo lts .............. ... .. .. . 25 1
W in te r tir es .. .... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. . 250
Tire serv ice life . ........... .. .. .. .. . 244
T ool kit ... .. ... .. ..... ... .. .. .... . 256
Torn or frayed safety belts . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Touch -up paint . ........... .. .. .. .. . 20 7
T ow ing
Fr ont eyelet . .. ... .... ... .. .. .... . 27 2
R ear eye let .... . ...... ... .. .. .... . 27 2
Tow tr uck procedures . ... .. .. .. .. .. . 271 T
PMS
Tire pressure monitoring system 253
T ra ile r tow ing ... .. ............. .... 199
Opera tin g instr uctions ........ .. .. .. 199
T e chnical requiremen ts . . . . . . . . 199, 200
T ips . ... .. .... .. .. ... ..... ... .. .. 201
T ransm1ss1on ...... ................ .. 91
6-speed manual t ransmission .. .. .. .. . 91
mult itro nic .. .. .. ............. .... . 91
S troni c ... .. .. . ............ .... .. . 91
t ipt ron ic . ..... .. .. ... ..... ... .. .. . 91
Transmission malfunc tion ( indicato r light) 97
T ransport Canada ... .............. .. 135
T rave l mode .. .. .. ... ... ... .... .. .. . 49
Tread Wea r Ind icator ( TWI) ........ ... 244
Trip comp ute r
Fuel consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Mileage ... .. .. .. .. ........... .... . 25
S ingle-trip memory ............ .... . 25
Tota l-trip memory ................ .. 25
T rip odomete r ..... ... .. ..... ... .. .. . 12
T runk
refer to Luggage com partmen t. . . 68, 133
Trunk escape handle ............. .... . 42
T ru nk lid
refer to Rear lid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 , 40
T urn s ignals . .. .. .. .. ........... .... . 48
Wa rning/ind icator lights ........ .. .. . 23
u
U ndercoating ..... ................ . 208
U nfastening safety belts ......... .... 142
Un idirec tional tires . ... .......... .. .. 234
Un iform tire quality gradi ng ......... . 249
U nlocking
Rea r lid . .. .. .. .. ............. .. .. . 39
Un locking/locking
at the lock cy linder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
by remote control . .... ..... ... .. .. . 35
with the ce ntra l locking switch ... .. .. . 36
with the conven ience key ........ .... . 36
U se o f ju mpe r cables ............ .. .. 270
V
Valet pa rking .. .. .. ... .. ........... .. 45