automatic transmission AUDI S8 2009 Owners Manual

Table of contents
Table of contents
Vehicle literature ........ .
About this Owner's Manual .............. ...... . .
Controls and
equipment .. .. .... ..... ... . .
Inst rumen ts and con trols ..... .
Genera l ill ustration ............. .
Instruments and
warning/indica tor lig hts ....... .
Instruments .............. ..... .
Warning/indicator lights ........ .
Driver in forma tio n d isplay ..... .
Introduct ion ............... .... .
On-Board Diagnostic system (OBD)
Auto Check Control ............ .
Speed warning system ... .... .. .
Trip computer ..... ... .. ..... .. .
Tire pressure monitoring system ..
Opening and closing .......... .
Keys ...... ...... ... .. . ··· ·· ··· ·
Powe r locking system .......... .
Rear lid/Trunk lid ............. .. .
Ch ild safe ty lock . ... ..... ... ... . 5 Convenience key
.............. .
Anti-theft a larm system ..... ... .
Power w indows ... ... ... .... . .
S lid ing/ti lt ing power sunroof ... .
6 Clear vision ... .... .. ... .. .... . .
9
11
1 1
12
12
1 6
24
2 4
27
28
37
38
41
47
47
49
54
57 Lights
... ............. .. .. .. .. .
Interior lights ...... ... .. ... ... .
V is ion ................. .... ... .
W iper and washer system ...... .
Mirrors .... ... ......... ..... . . .
Seats and sto rage ..... .... ... .
Genera l recommendat ions ..... .
Powe r seat . ... ... ......... ... .
Head restraints ....... ....... . .
Arm rest .................... . .
Seat memory ... .. ... ... ... ... .
Rear sea ts . ... ... . .. ... ... .. .. .
Ind ividua l rear seats ........ ... .
Luggage compartment ..... •.. .
Roof rack ........... .... ... ... .
Cupho lder .................... .
As htray . ... ... ... ......... ... .
Cigarette lighter/socket ........ .
Long center console ........... .
Storage . ... ..... ... ... .. ... .. .
Warm and cold ............... .
Climate controls .............. .
W indshield defogging/defrosting .
Rear climate controls .. .. ... ... .
Basic settings .............. ... .
On the road ... ... . .. ... .. ... .. .
Stee ring . ...... .... ........ ... .
Ignition lock and ignition switch .
Starting and stopping the engine 58
Starting and stopping the engine
60 using the Conven ience key ... .. .
61 Electromechanical parking brake .
65 Cru ise control ....... ... ....... .
69
Adapt ive Cruise Control ....... .
131
134
137
139
69 Speed and distance control system 139
74 Drive r informat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
77 System limita tions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
80
Audi lane assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
83 Lane assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
86
A udi side assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
86
87
91
93
9 4
96
97
100
103
105
106
107
108
109
1 14
11 4
123
125
126
128
128
129
130 Lane Change
Assistant ......... .
No tes ........ ...... ........ .. .
Automatic transmission ....... .
tiptron ic® (6-speed automatic
transm ission) ................. .
Advanced Parking System .... .
Advanced Parking System with rear
v iew camera .................. .
Specia l parking situations .... .. .
Towing hitch ......... ... ...... .
Settings in the MM I .. ... .. .... . .
Safety t ips .............. ...... .
Adaptive Air Suspension ...... .
Adaptive Air Suspension and
Damping ..... ................ .
Homelink® .................. .. .
Universa l remote control ....... . 156
163
166
166
173
173
181
183
183
186
188
188
19
4
19 4

Instruments and controls
General illustration
G) Power window switches .. ...... .... ... .. ....... .
0 Door handle
G) Pow er locking switches ... .... .... .... ... ....... .
© Adjuster control for outside mirrors ............. . .
© Light switch .... .... ....... ... ... .. .... .. ..... .
© Control lever for:
- Cruise control .... .... ... .... .... .... ... .... .
- Adaptive Cruise Control .. ... ....... .......... .
0 Air outlets ...... .............................. .
@ Control lever for:
- Turn signal and high beam ....... ... .... ..... .
- Lane assist .. .... ..................... ... ... .
® Multifunction steering wheel with :
- Horn
- Driver's airbag .. ...... ...... ....... ...... ... .
- Shift buttons ........... .... ... .. .... .... ... .
Button for steering wheel heating ..... .. .. .... .
@ Instrument cluster .................... .... ..... .
@ Swi tches for
- Windshield wip er/ washer ............. ... .. ... .
- Trip computer ..... ... ... .... .... ... ... ... .. .
@ Steering lock/ignition /starter switch
@ Buttons for :
- Advanced Parking System .. .... .... .... .... .. .
- Side assist ..... .. .. ... ..... .... ... .. .... ... .
- Power sunshade
@ MMI Display
Controls and equip ­
ment
61
53
84
69
137
139
122 73
153
224 171
119 12
80 38
129
173
156
78
Instruments and controls
@ Buttons/Indicator light for:
- Electronic Stabilization Program (ESP) 270
- PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF
- Emergency flashers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
@ Storage tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
@ Glove compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
@ Front passenger's airbag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
@) Shift lever for automatic transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
@ Climate controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
@ Rear window d efogger switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
@ Ashtray with cigarette lighter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
@ ISTART ]-~STOP ~button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
@ MMI Terminal
@ Storage w ith cup holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
@ Electromechanical parking brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
@ Data Link Connector for On Board Diagnostics (OBD Ill 27
@ Engine hood release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
@ Adjustable steering column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
@) Memory buttons (driver's seat) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
@ Switch for
- unlocking the fuel filler door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
- unlocking the trunk lid 54
[ i ] Tips
Operation of the Multi Media Interface (MMI) is described in a sepa­
rate manual. •
I • •

If a component is malfunctioning or if the need for an urgent repair
has been detected, this will appear in the instrument cluster display.
You will also hear an audible warning tone. The displays are color
coded in either red or yellow depending on their level of priority.
A red symbol means
Danger, a yellow symbol indicates Warning . In
certain situations, information message for the driver appear in
addition to the red and yellow symbols.
Function test: automatic transmission
The Auto-Check Control will automatically perform a test each time
you switch on the ignition. With the selector lever in
P or N, the
following message appears in the display:
When stationary apply foot brake while selecting gear.
When you a select a different gear (for example: R, D, etc.), the
message will disappear and the Auto-Check function is displayed.
I f there is a malfunction, then the malfunction message will appear
about 15 seconds after the you start the vehicle. At the same time
you will hear a warning tone. •
Driver information messages
Driver information messages are shown in the instrument
cluster display in addition to the red and yellow symbols.
Controls and equip ­
ment
Fig . 16 CHECK button
in the instrument
cluster
Driver information display
For example, if the transmission selector lever is not in the P posi­
tion when the engine is turned off, the following message appears:
Shift to P, otherwise vehicle can roll away. Doors do not lock if
lever is not in P.
The ignition key can only be removed with the selector in this posi­
tion. This and other messages are brought up if a function cannot
be carried out.
Driver messages and red symbols
If a red symbol appears in the display, a driver message can be
shown by pressing the
I CHECK] button.
For example, the symbol for a problem with engine oil pressure~
appears in the display. If you then press the !CHECK ] button, the
following driver message appears in the display:
Switch off engine and check oil level
The driver message in the display goes out after about 5 seconds.
The driver message can be displayed again by briefly pressing the
I CHECK] button.
Driver messages and yellow symbols
If a yellow symbol appears in the display, a driver message is also
displayed automatically.
For example, the symbol<., appears in the display, indicating low
windshield washer fluid level. The following message also appears:
Please top up washer fluid
The driver message disappears after a few seconds. The driver
message can be displayed again by briefly pressing the
I CHECK]
button. •
I • •

• ..__A_ u_t _o _m_ a_ t_ i_c _ t _r_ a_ n_ s_m _ is_ s_ io_ n ___________________________________________ _
Automatic transmission
tiptronic® (6-speed automatic
transmission)
General information
Your vehicle is equipped with an e lectronica lly controlled automatic
transmission. Upshifting and downshifting takes place
automati ­
cally.
The transmission is also equipped with tiptronic®. It allows the driver to shift gears
manually if desired => page 170 . •
Driving the automatic transmission
Start ing the en gin e
- T he selector lever must be in
N or P.
Start ing off
- Press and hold the bra ke pedal.
Fi g. 185 Sh ift gate o n
t h e ce nter c onsole :
selec tor le v er wit h
re lease butto n
- Press and hold the release button in the se lector lever
hand le and move the selector lever from
P or N to D and
release the button
=:> & .
- Wait br iefly u ntil the transm ission has shifted (you will
feel a sligh t movement).
- Remove your foot f rom t he brake pedal and accelerate .
Rocking back and forth to be com e unstu ck
- Sh ift only between
D and R when the ve hicle is at a fu ll
stop and the engine is running at idle speed.
Stopping
- Press and h old the brake pedal unti l the vehicle has come
to a comp lete stop.
Keep the brake pedal depressed so that the vehic le
cannot ro ll forward or backward while it is idling =:>& .
- Once stopped,
do not depress the acce lerator pedal to
rev up the engine=:>&.
Par king
- Press and h old the brake pedal unti l the vehicle has come
to a comp lete stop.
- Set the parking brake firmly=:>
page 135, "Parking" .
- Press and hold the release button in the selector lever
handle, m ove the selector lever i nto
P and then let go of
the release button =:> & . ._

_______________________________________________ A_ u_t _o _ m_ a_ t _i_ c_ t_r _a _n _ s_ m __ is_s_ i _o _ n __ !II
T he selector lever must be in Nor P. If one of the driving positions
is engaged a safety switch w ill preven t the eng ine from being
started. See also=>
page 130.
Before you move the selector lever from the P position, you must
a lways apply the brake pedal before and while depressing the
button in the hand le of the se lector lever .
_& WARNING
• Unintended v ehicle movement c an cause serious injury .
- When the selector lever i s in a driving po sition , the vehicle
may creep, even at idle speed . Therefore do not release the
parking brake or foot brake until you are ready to move ,
be cau se power is tran smitted to the wheel s as soon as a
driving po sition i s engaged.
- Do not accelerate while selecting a driving pos ition . At this
time the engine must be at idle speed so that undue stress is
not placed on the clut che s in the t ransmission .
-Remember : - even when stopped briefly with the automatic
transmi ssion in "D" or "R ", engine po wer is being tr ansmitted
to the wheels. Your vehicle could "creep " forward or ba ckward .
When stopped , keep the brake pedal fully depres sed and u se
the parking brake if ne ces sary to keep the vehicle from rolling.
• If the selecto r leve r is unintentionally mo ved into N whi le you
are dr iving, take your foot off the accelerator pedal and wait for
the eng ine to return to idle speed before sele cting a dr iving posi ­
tion .
• Never shift into "R " or "P " when the ve hicle is in motion .
• Never get out of the driver 's seat when the eng ine i s running .
• If you must get out of the vehicle , move the selector lever
s ecurely into the P po sition and apply the park ing brake firmly.
• If the engine must remain running , never have any driving po si­
tion engaged when che cking under the hood . Make sure the
selector lever has securely engaged and is locked in "P" with the
p ark ing br ake firmly set =>
page 301 , "E n gine compart ment ".
Controls and equip ­
ment
& W ARNING (continued )
Otherwise , any in crease in engine speed may set the vehi cle in
motion , even with the parking brake applied. •
Selector lever positions
This section describes the selector lever positi ons and
drivi ng ra nges .
Fig . 18 6 D ispl ay in the
in strument cluste r:
s elec tor lev er in po si­
tion D
The selector leve r posi tion engaged appears next to the selec tor
lever as wel l as in the instrument c luster display . A lso, the current
gear engaged is sh own in positi ons D and S .
P -Park
In this selector leve r pos it ion the transmission is mechanica lly
locked . Engage
P on ly when the vehicle is completely stopped=> &
in "Driving the automatic transm ission" on page 166 .
To shift in or out of position P, you must first press and hold the
brake peda l
and then press the re lease bu tton in t he se lecto r leve r
handle while moving the selector lever to or from
P . You can shift
out of this position only with the ignit ion on.
R -Re ver se
The transmission wi ll au tomatically select the lowest gear ratio
when you shift into reverse .
I • •

• ..__A_ u_ t _o_ m_ a_ t_ i_ c _ t_r _a _n_ s_ m_ is_ s_io _ n ________________________________________________ _
Select R only when the vehicle is at a full stop and the engine is
running at idle speed=>
& in "Driving the automatic transmission"
on
page 166.
Before you move the selector lever to R, press both the button in the
handle of the selector lever
and the brake pedal at the same time.
When the ignition is on, the backup lights illuminate when the
selector lever is moved into
R.
N -Neutral
The transmission is in neutral in this position. Shift to this position
for standing with the brakes applied =>
page 168 .
When the vehicle is stationary or at speeds below 3 mph (5 km/h),
you must always apply the footbrake before and while moving the
lever out of
N.
D -Normal position for driving forward
Position Dis for normal city and highway driving. It ranges from zero
to top speed and all six gears shift automatically, depending on
engine load, driving speed and automatically selected shift
programs.
When the vehicle is stationary or at speeds below 3 mph (5 km/h),
you must always apply the foot brake before and while moving the
lever to
D out of N.
In certain circumstances it may be advantageous to temporarily
switch to the manual shift program to manually select gear ratios to
match specific driving conditions=>
page 170.
S -Sport position
Select this position for sportier performance. In this position, the
transmission will not upshift as soon, allowing the vehicle to use the increased power available at higher engine speeds to achieve live ­
lier acceleration.
When the vehicle is stationary or at speeds below 3 mph (5 km/h),
you must always apply the foot brake before and while moving the lever to
S out of N.
& WARNING
Read and follow all WARNINGS => & in "Driving the automatic
transmission" on
page 166.
0 Note
Coasting downhill with the transmission in N and the engine not
running will result in damage to the automatic transmission and
possibly the catalytic converter. •
Automatic Shift Lock (ASL)
Automatic shift lock prevents you from accidentally
shifting into a forward gear or into reverse, thus causing the vehicle to move unintentionally.
Fig. 187 Shift gate
selector lever lock
positions and interlock
button highl ighted
The selector lever lock is released as follows:
- Turn the ignition on.
Step on the brake pedal.
At the same time press and hold
the lock button on the side of the gear selector knob
=> fig. 187 with your thumb until you have moved the
selector lever to the desired position.
~

_______________________________________________ A_ u_t _o _ m_ a_ t _i_ c_ t_r _a _n _ s_ m __ is_s_ i _o _ n __ lfflll
Autom ati c selec to r l eve r lock
The se lector lever is locked in the P and N positions when the igni ­
tion is turned on. To move the lever from these positions the driver
must depress the brake pedal. As a reminder to the driver, the
follow ing warning appears in the instrument cluster disp lay when
the selector is in
P and N:
When stationary app ly foot brake while s electing gear
A time delay e lement prevents the selector lever from locking when
it is moved through the
N position (going from R to Dl. The locking
e lement will lock the selector lever if the lever is left in N (Neutral)
for more than approximately 1 second, without the brake peda l
being pressed.
At speeds above about 3 mph (5 km/h) the Automatic Shift Lock is
automatically deactivated in the
N posi tion .
Interl ock button
The lock button on the selector lever prevents the lever from being
accidentally shifted into certain positions. Pressing this button
deactivates the selector leve r lock. Dependi ng on the direction of
the shift, the selector lever locks at different positions. The positions
are highligh ted in the illus trati on =>
page 168, fig . 187.
Igniti on k ey saf ety in te rlo ck
The key canno t be removed from the ignition un less the selector
lever is in the
P park position. When the ignition key is removed, the
selector lever wil l be l ocked in the
P posi tion .•
Kick -down
T he kick-down feature allows the vehicle to genera te
maximum accelera tion.
When you press the acce lerator pedal beyond the resistance point
that is reached at ful l throttle, the transmission wi ll select a lower
gear ratio based on vehic le speed and engine RPM . The engine RPM
wil l be control led to produce maximum vehic le acceleration as long
Controls and equip ­
ment
as you continue to press the acce lerator pedal beyond this resis ­
t ance poin t.
& WARNING
Be careful when u sing the ki ck -down feature on slippery road s.
Rapid acceleration ma y cause the vehicle to skid . •
Dynamic shift program (DSP)
T he aut omatic tr ans mission is electro nically c ontrolle d.
The transmission is se lf adapting and will automaticall y select the
b est shi ft program su ited to the driving conditio ns and driving style.
The transmission will select one of the
e conomy programs when
you drive at a s teady speed or a g radually changing speed without
heavy acceleration. This achieves optimum fuel efficiency, with ear ly
upshifting and delayed downshifting .
The trans mission will au tomatically select the
sporty shift progra ms
when you drive at higher speeds, or with heavy acce leration and
frequent ly cha nging speeds . Upshifts ar e delayed t o make f ull use
of engine power . Downshifting takes place at higher engine speeds
than in t he ec onomy p rograms .
The selection of the most su itable shift program is a continuous,
automatic process . The driver can a lso make the transmission
sw itch to a sporty progra m by
quickly pressing down the gas peda l.
This causes the transmission to shift down to a lower gear to
achiev e rapid acc elerati on, e.g . fo r q uickly pass ing another vehicle .
You do not need to press the gas pedal into the kick-down range.
After the transm ission has upshifted, the original progra m is
selected according to your driving sty le.
An additiona l shift program allows the automatic transmission to
select the proper gear fo r uph ill and downhi ll gradients.
This prevents the transmission from upshifting and downshifting unnecessa rily o n hills . The transm ission wi ll shift down to a lower _,.
I • •

• ..__A_ u_ t _o_ m_ a_ t_ i_ c _ t_r _a _n_ s_ m_ is_ s_i o _ n ________________________________________________ _
gear when the driver presses the brake pedal on a downhill
gradient. This makes use of the braking effect of the engine without
the need to shift down manually.•
Manual shift program
Using the manual shift program you can manually select
gears.
Fi g. 18 8 Ce nte r
co nso le: s hiftin g the
t ip tr on ic® ma nually
F ig . 18 9 Disp lay:
ma nua l shi ft prog ra m ,
selecte d gear high­
l ig hte d
Swit ching to manual shift program
With the selecto r lever in D, push the lever to the rig ht.
T he d isplay will s how
6 5 4 3 2 1 as soon as the selector
lever is moved. The gear you se lect will also be high­
lighted => fig . 189.
To upshift
Push the selector lever forward to the plus position 0
=> fig. 188.
To downshift
- Push the lever to the minus position Q.
When accelerating, the transmission will automatically shift into
gears 1 , 2, 3, 4 or 5 before the engine reaches its maximum RPM .
If you apply a light throttle when accelerating, tiptronic® will auto ­
matically shift from 1st to 2nd gear to save fuel. If you apply a heavy
throttle, the transmission will stay in 1st gear until near maximum
RPM is reached, or unti l the driver shifts into 2nd gear .
If you take your foot off the accelerator peda l when driving down a
steep incline, tiptronic® will downshift from the selected gear into
the next lower gear until it reaches 1st gear, based on road speed
and engine RPM. Automatic downshifting is interrupted as soon as
you apply the thrott le again .
[ i ] Tips
• When you shi ft into the next lower gear, the transmission will
downshift only when there is no possibi lity of over -revving the
engine.
• When the kickdown comes on, the transmission wil l shift down
to a lower gear, depending on vehicle and eng ine speeds.
• Tiptronic® is inoperative when the transmission is in the fai l-safe
mode. •

Automatic transmi ssio n -
------------------'
Applies to vehi cles : wi th tip troni c-st eerin g wh eel
Steering wheel with tiptronic ®
The shift buttons on the steering wheel allow the driver to
shift gears manually.
F ig . 190 Steering
whee l: S hift butt ons
- To downshift, touch the button on the left Q .
- To upshift , touch the button on t he right G) .
The shift buttons are activated when the selector lever is in D, Sor
in the manual shift program (tip tronic) .
Of course, you can continue to use the manual shift program with
the selector lever on the center console .•
Fail-safe mode
If tiptronic® suffers a malfunction, the fail-safe mode
maintains minimum driveability.
In the event of particular system malfunctions, the automatic trans­
mission switches to the fail -safe mode. This is s ignalled by all the
segments in the display illuminating or going out .
You can continue to move the selector lever to all positions. The manual shift program (tiptronic) is switched off in the fail-safe
mode .
Contro ls and eq uip­
ment
In selector lever positions D and Sand in the manual shift program ,
the transmission remains in 3rd gear if 1st, 2nd or 3rd gear was engaged previous ly. The transmission remains in 5th gear, if 4th, 5th
or 6th gear was engaged previously .
The next time you drive off or start the engine, 3rd gear is engaged .
You can continue to use reverse gear . But the electronic lockout for
reverse gear is turned off .
0 Note
If the transmission switches to fail -safe mode, you should take the
vehicle to an au thori zed Audi dea lership as soon as possib le to have
t he condition corrected .•
Emergency release for selector lever
If the vehicle's power supply fails, the selector lever can
be released in an emergency.
Fig . 19 1 Rem ove th e
as htray i nser t
~
Vehicle care I I Technical data

• .___A_ d_v_ a_ n_c_ e_ d_ P _a_r_k _i_ n -=g,_ S-=y"- s_ t_ e_ m __________________________________________ _
-Press the sw itch PJJJ! in the cente r console ~ page 173,
fig . 194 t o activate the A udi pa rking system m anually .
Activation of the acoustic parking system is confirmed by
a brief acknowledgement sound . The indicator lig ht in
the switch lights up.
D ea ctivation
If you drive forwards faster tha n approx. 6 mph (10 km/h),
or
- if you switch the ign ition off, the entire acoustic parking
assist is automatically deactivated, or
- you can press the sw itch
P111! i n the center console
=> page 173, fig. 194 to deact ivate the Audi parking
system. The indicator light in the switch goes out.
You have to turn on the acoustic parking assist m anuall y if you wish
to park the vehicle forwards or if you w ish to approach an obstacle
forwards and want a distance warning .
The range at which the sensors start to measu re is
about:
Front
Rear
W arning ton es side
cen
te r
side
cen ter 3 ft (0
.90 ml
4ft
(1.20 ml
2 ft (0.60 ml
5 .2 ft (1.60 ml
Distance warning is given by chimes which are generated by a
signal generator . The volume and the pitch of the chimes can be
adjusted in the MMI => page
183.
Mute
In the case of vehic les with automa tic transmission, an acoustic
distance warning is discontinued when the transmission selector l
ever is moved to the P position. However, the system remains
active . As soo n as the selector lever is moved from the
P posi tion
and the vehicle approaches an obstacle, the acoustic distance
warning resumes .
Dri ving fo rward/ba ckvv ard
Distance warning when driving forward/backward is based o n
detection of an obstacle in the range of the parking assist . As the
distance dec reases, the time interval between the audible tones
becomes shorter.
When the distance is less than approx . 1 ft (0.30 m), the tone
becomes continuous. At this point you shou ld s top backing up or
driving forward .
If the distance to an obstac le remains the same, the vo lume of the
distance warning is gradually reduced after about
4 seconds (does
not app ly to the zone for the cont inuous tone). If you sta rt to
approach the detected obstacle again, the distance warning will
sound at the normal volume again .
P a rk ing
When you selec t ano ther gear when parki ng (e .g . reverse/forward),
the warning tones are temporarily suppressed, but the visual display remains on the MMI display . If you start approaching a
detected obstacle again, the distance warning wi ll sound at the
normal vo lume again .
Visual disp lay
T he segments on the MMI display indicate a change in the distance
between the vehicle and an obstacle . The number of segments
displayed depends on the obstacles in front of or behind the
vehic le. The c loser the vehic le comes to the obstacle, the closer the
segments approach the vehic le => page
173 , fig. 195. When the
segment before last is disp layed, the veh icle has reached the colli­
sion zone. At this point you should stop backing up or driving
forward =>
&,. ..,.