dme BMW 318i 1997 E36 Workshop Manual
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: BMW, Model Year: 1997, Model line: 318i, Model: BMW 318i 1997 E36Pages: 759
Page 18 of 759
010-10
FUNDAMENTALS
FOR
THE
DO-IT
YOURSELF
OWNER
TOOLS
Torque
Wrench
B021FNG
Fig
.
12
.
Jack
stand
for
safely
supporting
car
to
work
underneath
.
B022FNG
Fig
.
13
.
Oil
change
equipment
includesdrainplug
wrench
(17mm),
8
qt
.
drain
pan,
and
funnel
.
A
torque
wrench
is
used
to
precisely
tighten
threaded
fasten-
Fig
.
15
.
Feeler
gauge
set
.
ers
to
a
predetermined
value
.
Many
of
the
repair
procedures
in
this
manual
include
BMW-specified
torquevalues
in
Newton-
meters
(Nm)
and
the
equivalent
values
in
foot-pounds
(ft-Ib)
.
Digital
Multimeter
A
torque
wrench
with
a
range
up
to
about
150
Nm
(185
ft-lb)
has
adequate
capacity
for
most
of
the
repairs
covered
in
this
manual
.
For
recommended
torque
values
of
10
Nm
or
below,the
English
system
equivalent
is
given
in
inch-pounds
(in-lb)
.
These
small
values
may
be
most
easily
reached
using
a
torque
wrench
calibrated
in
inch-pounds
.
To
convert
inch-pounds
to
foot-pounds,
divide
by12
.
Fig
.
14
.
Torque
wrenches
.
Inexpensive
beam-type
(top)
is
adequate
but
must
be
read
visually
.
Ratchet-type
(bottom)
can
be
pre-
set
to
índicate
(click)
when
torquevalue
has
been
reached
.
Feeler
Gauges
B018FNG
Feeler
gauges
are
thin
metal
strips
of
precise
thickness,
used
to
measure
small
clearances
.
They
are
normally
available
as
a
set,
covering
a
range
of
sizes
.
See
Fig
.
15
.
Several
types
of
torque
wrenches
are
available
.
They
al¡
do
Many
of
the
electrical
tests
in
Chis
manual
cal¡
for
the
mea-
the
same
job,
bu¡
óffer
different
convenience
features
at
differ-
surement
of
resistance
(ohms)
or
voltage
values
.
For
safe
and
ent
prices
.
Two
typical
torque
wrenches
are
shown
in
Fig
.
14
.
accurate
tests
of
ignition,
fuel
injection,
and
emission
control
The
most
convenient
ones
have
a
built-in
ratchet,
and
can
be
systems,
the
multi-meter,
shown
in
Fig
.
16,
should
be
digital,
preset
to
indicate
when
a
specific
torque
value
has
been
with
high
(at
least
10,000
ohms)
input
impedance
.
Some
reached
.
Followthe
wrench
manufacturer's
directions
for
use
meters
have
automotive
functions
suchas
dweil
and
pulse
to
achieve
the
greatest
accuracy
.
width
that
are
useful
fortroubleshooting
ignition
and
fuel
injec-
tion
problems
.
CAUTION-
The
DME
system,
central
body
electronics,
and
other
electronic
systems
may
be
damaged
by
the
high
current
draw
of
a
test
fight
with
a
normal
in-
candescent
bulb
.
As
a
general
rule,
usea
high
ím-
pedance
digital
multimeter
or
an
LED
test
fightforall
electrfcal
testfng
.
B020FNG
Page 22 of 759
010-14
FUNDAMENTALS
FOR
THE
DO-ITYOURSELF
OWNER
Fig
.
19
.
Instaf
rear
tow
lug
into
threaded
hole
.
if
absolutely
necessary,
cars
with
automatic
transmissions
can
be
towed
with
the
rear
wheels
on
the
ground,
butthe
tow
should
not
exceed
25
miles
(40
km),at
speeds
at
or
below30
mph
(35
km/h)
.
Be
sure
the
transmission
fluid
hasbeen
topped
off
before
starting
the
tow
.
Always
tow
thecar
with
the
transmis-
sion
lever
in
"N"
(neutral)
.
If
the
tow
must
exceed25
miles
(40
km),
add
one
quart
of
ATF
to
the
transmission,
or
better
yet,
re-
move
the
driveshaft
.
Be
sure
to
drain
or
pump
outthe
added
flu-
id
once
the
tow
has
been
completed
.
NOTE-
"
ATF
draining
and
filling
is
covered
in
240
Automatic
Transmission
.
"
Driveshaft
removal
is
covered
in
260
Driveshaft
.
EMERGENCIES
úo1W¿b
Spare
Parts
Kit
Carrying
a
basic
set
of
spare
parts
can
prevent
a
minor
breakdown
from
turning
into
a
major
annoyance
.
Many
of
the
following
itemswon't
allow
you
todo
major
repair
workon
the
car,
but
they
will
help
in
the
event
of
the
failure
of
something
that
can
disable
thecar
or
compromise
its
safety
.
Spare
Parts
Kit
-
Basic
Contents
"
Drive
belt
(V-belt
or
poly-ribbed)
"
Engine
oil
(one
or
two
quarts)
"
Engine
coolant
(1
gallonof
premixed
50/50
anti-freeze
and
water)
"
Fuse
assortment
(7
.5A,
10A,
15A,
20A)
"
Radiator
hoses
(upper
and
lower)
Spare
Parts
Kit
-
Additional
Contents
"
Exterior
lighting
bulbs
(headlight,
brakelight,
turn
signal,
and
taillight)
"
Wiper
biades
"
Brake
fluid
(new
unopened
bottle,
DOT
4
specification)
"
Main
relay
for
DME
system
Page 37 of 759
Fig
.
18
.
Fill
mark
on
coolant
expansion
tank
.
Coolant
level
should
be
at
mark
when
engine
ís
cold
.
.
..
e
..
.-
..
~
..
.-
.
Ozone
Damaged
Hose
0012476
Fig
.
19
.
Examples
of
damage
to
coolant
hoses
.
Any
of
conditions
shown
is
cause
for
replacement
.
Courtesy
of
Gates
Rubber
Company,
Inc
.
Specification
"
Power
steering
fluid
..........
.
...
Dexron
III®ATF
Oxygen
Sensors
1996
and
later
engines
are
equipped
withmultiple
oxygen
sensors
.
See
Fig
.
21
.
A
regulating
sensor
is
mounted
before
each
catalytic
converter
and
amonitoring
sensor
downstream
of
each
converter
.
The
regulating
sensor
monitors
engine
com-
bustion
efficiency
and
helps
to
control
the
fuel
injection
system
and
exhaust
emissions
.
The
monitoring
sensor
is
usedby
the
On-board
diagnostic
system
to
monitor
the
function
of
the
cata-
lytic
converter
.
MAINTENANCE
PROGRAM
020-
1
5
NOTE-
5pecialsockets
for
replacingthe
oxygen
sensor
are
available
from
most
automotive
parts
stores
.
The
sock-
et
has
agroove
cut
down
one
side
to
allow
the
sensor
to
be
installed
without
damaging
the
wire
hamess
.
Fig
.
20
.
Power
steering
fluid
dipstick
showing
MIN
and
MAX
marks
.
OBD
II
enhanced
emission
standards
require
the
engine
control
module
(ECM)
to
monitor
the
oxygen
content
in
theex-
haust
bothbefore
and
after
the
catalytic
converter
.
This
allows
for
tightercontrol
of
the
tail
pipe
emissions
and
also
allowsthe
ECM
to
diagnose
converter
problems
.
lf
the
DME
detects
that
catalytic
converter
or
oxygen
sensor
efficiency
has
degraded
past
a
certain
pre-programmed
limit,
it
will
turn
on
the
Check
Engine
light,
and
store
a
diagnostic
trouble
code
(DTC)
in
the
ECM
.
Replacement
of
oxygen
sensors
at
the
specified
intervals
en-
sures
that
the
engine
and
emission
control
system
wíll
continue
to
operate
as
designed
.
Extending
the
replacement
interval
may
void
the
emission
control
warranty
coverage
.
See
180
Ex-
haust
System
for
information
on
replacing
the
oxygen
sen-
sors
.
Tightening
Torque
"
Oxygen
sensor
to
exhaust
system
........
.
.
.
..
55±5
Nm
(40±4
ft-Ib)
ENGINE
COMPARTMENT
MAINTENANCE
Page 45 of 759
camshaft
secondary
drive,
causing
thecamshaft
to
"advance"
12
.5°
.
The
helical
gears
are
cut
so
that
forward
motion
of
the
gear
cup
is
transiated
into
rotational
motion
of
the
camshaft
.
See
117
Camshaft
Timing
Chain
for
testing
and
repair
infor-
mation
on
the
VANOS
system
.
DISA
(Dual
Resonance
Intake
System)
DISA,usedon
4-cylinder
engines,
is
a
dual
intake
runner
system
that
effectively
provides
the
advantages
of
both
short
and
long
intake
runners
within
the
same
engine
.
For
best
per-
formance,
long
intake
runners
aremost
beneficial
atlow-
and
mid-engine
speeds
(below
4,200
rpm),
and
short
intake
run-
ners
enhance
torque
at
high
engine
speeds
(above4,200
rpm)
.
NOTE-
The
term
DISA
comes
from
the
German
words
Differ-
enzierte
Sauganlage,
and
can
roughty
be
transiated
as
a
differing
intake
manifold
configuration
.
The
DISA
solenoid
valve
is
controlled
by
the
DME
control
module,
using
engine
speed
as
the
primary
input
.
The
main
components
of
the
system
are
the
modified
twin-section
in-
takemanifoldwith
change-over
valve,
the
twin-barrel
throttle
body,
and
the
electrical/pneumatic
actuating
components
.
See
Fig
.
4
.
r
I
I
I
?
,
in
UpPer,
take
-1
manifold
1
-1
Throttle
housing
(Heated)
q
:lZU
Fig
.
4
.
DISA
system
components
.
DISA
changes
the
intake
runner
length
based
on
engine
speed
.
The
DISA
system
electro-pneumatically
changes
the
intake
runner
length
through
the
twin-section
intake
manifold
and
a
change-over
butterfly
valve
.
The
change-over
valve
is
located
at
a
point
in
the
intake
manifold
where
four
pipes
come
into
two
.
When
the
change-over
valve
is
closed,
the
4-way
primary
intake
manifold
and
the
2-way
ram
air
manifold
areconnected
to
make
the
"long"
configuration
.
When
the
change-overvalve
opens,
intake
air
flow
is
redirected
through
only
the
short
4-
way
primary
intake
manifold
.
The
change-over
valve
is
held
in
the
normally
open
position
bya
spring
.
Thisallows
for
an
open
valve
in
the
event
of
sys-
tem
failure
.
During
low
andmid
enginespeeds,
the
DME
con-
trol
module
supplies
power
to
the
solenoid
valve,
which
in
turn
allows
vacuum
to
be
applied
lo
the
vacuum
diaphragm
.
This
causes
the
valve
to
close
(long-pipe
configuration)
.
When
en-
gine
speed
reaches
approximately
4,800
rpm,
the
DME
con-
trol
module
electrically
signals
the
solenoid
valve
and
the
valve
opens,
creating
the
short
pipe
configuration
:
Further
detafs
on
DISA
canbefound
in
130
Fuel
Injection
.
Engine
Management
System
Al¡
enginescoveredby
this
manual
usean
advanced
engine
management
system
called
Digital
Motor
Electronics
(DME)
.
In
the
DME
system,
advancedOn-Board
Diagnostics
(OBD),
fuel
injection,
ignition,
and
otherfunctions,
are
combined
under
the
control
of
theEngine
Control
Module
(ECM)
.
See
Fig
.
5
.
-
Lower
intake
manifold
DISAvacuum
'
~servo
EíY1z
ENGINE-GENERAL
100-
3
le
-
DISA
solenoid
valve
0012591
/
with
butterfly
va¡
GENERAL
Page 47 of 759
ignition
Table
b
.
Engine
Management
Systems
engine
has
high
mileage
.
Engine
1
System
4-cylinder
engines
M42
(1992-1995)
Bosch
DME
Ml
.7
M44
(1996-1998)
Bosch
DME
M5
.2
(OBD
II)
6-cylinder
engines
M50
(1992)
Bosch
DME
M3
.1
M50
VANOS
(1993-1995)
Bosch
DME
M3
.3
.1
M52
(1996-1998)
Siemens
MS41
.1
(OBD
II)
S50US
(1995)
Bosch
DME
M3
.3
.1
S52US
(1996-1998)
Siemens
MS41
.1
(OBD
II)
Both
the
4-cylinder
and
6-cylinder
engines
use
a
distributor-
less
ignition
system
with
individual
ignition
coils
for
each
cylin-
der
.
FuelDelivery
Pressurized
fuel
from
the
in-tank
fuel
pump
is
injected
via
solenoid-type
fuel
injectors
.
The
ECM
controls
the
opening
and
closing
of
the
injectors
by
switchingthe
ground
side
of
each
injector
circuit
.
The
exact
amount
of
fuel
injected
is
de-
termined
by
the
amount
of
timethe
injectors
are
open
.
Cooling
System
Whenever
the
engine
is
running,
acoolant
pump
circulates
coolant
through
the
engine
and,
if
either
heater
control
valves
are
open,
through
the
heater
core
in
the
passenger
compart-
ment
.
The
coolant
absorbs
excess
heat
and
carries
it
to
the
ra-
diator
where
it
is
transferred
into
the
passing
airstream
.
A
thermostat
controls
the
flow
of
coolant
through
the
radiator
based
on
engine
temperature
.
Lubrication
System
The
lubrication
system
is
pressurized
whenever
theengine
is
running
.
The
oil
pump
draws
oil
through
a
pickup
in
the
bot-
tom
of
the
oil
pan,thenforces
it
through
a
replaceable
oil
filter
and
finto
the
engine
oíi
passages
.
On
4-cylinder
engines,
the
oil
pump
is
mounted
to
the
front
engine
cover
.
On
6-cylinder
engines,thechain-driven
oil
pump
is
bolted
to
the
bottom
of
the
cylinder
block
.
A
pressure
relief
valve
limits
the
maximum
system
pres-
sure
.
A
bypass
valve
prevents
the
oil
filter
from
bursting
and
insures
engine
lubrication
should
the
filter
become
plugged
.
See
119
Lubrication
System
for
additional
information
.
ENGINE-GENERAL
100-
5
Various
versions
of
DME
systems
are
usedon
thecars
cov-
MECHANICAL
TROUBLESHOOTING
ered
by
this
manual
.
See
Table
b
.
Each
system
is
highly
adaptive
to
compensate
for
things
suchasengine
wear
and
When
troubleshooting
an
engine
that
fails
to
start
or
runs
vacuum
leaks
.
poorly,
first
check
its
mechanical
condition-particularly
if
the
Warnings
and
Cautions
For
personal
safety,
as
well
asthe
protection
of
sensitive
electronic
components,
the
following
warnings
and
cautions
must
be
adhered
to
during
all
troubleshooting,
maintenance,
and
repairwork
.
WARNING
-
"
The
ignition
system
produces
high
voltages
that
can
be
fatal
.
Avoid
contact
with
exposed
termi-
nals
anduse
extreme
caution
when
working
on
a
car
with
the
ignition
switched
on
or
the
engine
running
.
"
Do
not
touch
or
disconnect
any
high
voltage
ca-
bles
from
the
coil,
distributor,
orspark
plugs
while
the
engine
is
running
or
being
cranked
by
the
starter
"
Connect
and
disconnect
the
engine
manage-
ment
system
wiring
and
test
equipment
leads
only
when
the
ignition
is
switched
off
.
"
Gasoline
is
highly
flammable
and
its
vapors
are
explosive
.
Do
not
smoke
or
work
on
a
car
near
heaters
or
other
fire
hazards
when
diagnosing
and
repairing
fuel
system
problems
.
Have
a
fire
extínguisher
available
in
case
of
an
emergency
.
"
Disconnecting
the
battery
may
erase
fault
code(s)
stored
in
control
module
memory
.
Using
special
BMW
diagnosnnc
equipment,
check
for
fault
codes
prior
to
disconnecting
the
battery
cables
.
If
the
Check
Engine
lightis
illuminated,
see
On-
Board
Diagnostics
(OBD)
forfault
code
infor-
mation
.
If
any
other
system
faults
havebeen
de-tected
(indicated
byan
illuminated
warning
light),
see
an
authorized
BMW
dealer
.
CAUTION-
"
Prior
to
disconnecting
the
battery,
read
the
bat-
tery
disconnection
cautions
gíven
at
the
front
of
this
manual
on
page
viii
.
"
Do
notconnect
any
test
equipment
that
delivers
a
12-volt
power
supply
to
terminal15
(+)
of
the
ignition
coil
.
The
current
flow
may
damage
the
ECM
.
In
general,
connect
test
equipment
only
as
specified
by
BMW,
this
manual,
or
the
equip-
ment
maker
.
"
Do
not
disconnect
the
battery
with
the
engine
running
.
Do
notrunthe
engine
with
any
of
the
sparkplug
wires
disconnected
.
MECHANICAL
TROUBLESHOOTING
Page 50 of 759
100-8
ENGINE-GENERAL
Symptom
1
Probable
cause
and
correctiveaction
1
.
Engine
will
not
start
or
run
.
Starter
cranks
a
.
No
fuel
reaching
engine
.
Check
forfuelin
tank
.
engine
at
normal
speed
.
Fuel
pump
notoperating
.
Repair
Group
160
b
.
No
spark
.
Check
ignition
system
.
Repair
Group
120
c
.
Incorrect
valve
timing
.
Check
timing
chain
.
Repair
Group
117
2
.
Check
Engine
warning
light
illuminated
.
a
.
DME
engine
management
system
self-diagnostic
fault
detected
.
Sea
an
authorized
BMW
dealer
or
other
qualified
shop
for
OBD
II
fault
code
diagnosis
.
See
also
On-
board
Diagnostics(OBD),
given
later
inthis
repair
group
.
3
.
White
exhaust
smoke
(steam)
.
a
.
Failed
cylinder
head
gasket
(probably
accompanied
bylowcompression
readings)
.
Replace
gasket
and
resurface
cylinder
head
if
necessary
.
Repair
Group
113
4
.
Blue-gray
exhaust
smoke
and
oily
spark
a
.
Contaminated
or
gasoline-diluted
engine
oil
.
Change
engine
oil
and
replace
oil
filter
.
plugs
.
Indicates
oii
burning
in
combustion
.
Repair
Group
020
b
.
Faulty
valve
guide
seals
or
valve
guides
.
Replace
valve
guide
oil
seals
or
overhaul
cylinder
head
.
Repair
Group
116
5
.
Pinging
or
rattling
when
under
load,
a
.
Ignition
timing
too
advanced
.
Ignition
knocksensors
faulty
(CheckEngine
light
traveling
uphill,
or
accelerating,
especially
illuminated)
.
Repair
Group
120fromlow
speeds
.
Indicates
pre-ignition
or
b
.
Fuel
octane
leve¡
toolow
.
detonation
.
c
.
Engine
running
too
hot
or
overheating
.
Check
cooling
system
.
Repair
Group
170
6
.
Light
metallic
tapping
that
varies
directly
with
engine
speed
.
Oil
pressure
warning
light
not
illuminated
.
7
.
Light
metallic
knock
that
varies
directly
with
enginespeed
.
Oil
pressure
warning
light
blinking
or
fully
illuminated
;
may
be
most
noticeable
during
hard
stops
or
cornering
.
8
.
Screeching
or
squealing
under
load
that
a
.
Loose,worn,
or
damaged
drive
belt
.
Inspect
belt(s)
.
Repair
Group
020
goesaway
when
coasting
.
9
.
Growling
or
rumbling
that
varieswith
engine
a
.
Remove
drive
belt(s)toidentifyfaulty
component
.
Check
for
play,
bearing
roughness,
rpm
.
Indicates
abad
bearing
or
bushing
in
and
loose
mountings
.
Refer
to
appropriate
repair
group
for
repair
procedures
.
an
engine-driven
accessory
.
DRIVEABILITY
TROUBLESHOOTING
On-Board
Diagnostics
(OBD)
On-Board
Diagnostics
is
incorporated
into
al¡
engine
man-
Two
generations
of
OBD
are
usedon
thecars
covered
by
agement
systems
used
on
the
cars
covered
by
this
manual
.
this
manual
:
Therefore,
checking
for
fault
codes
should
be
the
first
step
in
troubleshootinga
driveability
problem
.
For
additional
informa-
On-Board
Diagnostics
tion
on
engine
management
and
repair
see130
Fuel
Injec-
tion
.
"
1992-1995models
....
.
..
....
.
..
.......
OBD
I
"
1996-1998models
.
....
..
.
.
.
..
.
........
OBD
II
DRIVEABILITY
TROUBLESHOOTING
Tablec
.
Engine
Mechanical
Troubleshooting
b
.
Warped
or
cracked
cylinder
head
.
Resurface
or
replace
cylinder
head
.
Repair
Group
113
c
.
Cracked
cylinder
block
.
Replace
engine
or
short
block
.
c
.
Worn
piston
rings
.
Overhaul
or
replace
engine
.
d
.
Failed
cylinder
head
gasket
.
Replace
gasket
.
Repair
Group
113
d
.
Air/fuel
mixture
too
lean
(Check
Engine
light
illuminated)
.
Repair
Group
130
a
.
Valveclearances
excessive
.
Check
hydraulic
valve
adjusters
.
Repair
Group
116
b
.
Low
oil
pressure
orpossibly
defective
warning
light
circuit
.
Check
oil
pressure
andwarning
light
circuit
.
Repair
Group
119
c
.
Dirty
oil
.
Change
oil
.
Repair
Group
020
.
a
.
Low
oil
leve¡
.
Check
and
correct
oil
leve¡
.
b
.
Low
oil
pressure/worn
or
faulty
oil
pump
.
Oil
pump
pickup
restricted/clogged
.
Check
oil
pressure
.
Repair
Group
119
The
OBD
system
detects
emissions-related
engine
manage-
ment
malfunctions
and
tucos
on
the
Check
Engíne
lightin
the
in-
strument
cluster
.
TheCheck
Engine
light
will
stay
on
until
the
code(s)are
called
up
and
the
memory
is
erased
.
When
faulty
are
detected,
the
OBD
system
stores
a
Diagnostic
Trouble
Code
(DTC)
in
the
system
ECM
.
In
addition,
the
Check
Engine
warn-
ing
light
will
come
on
if
an
emissions-related
fault
is
detected
.
Page 51 of 759
NOTE-
"
On
carswith
OBD
ti,
specialized
OBD
11
scan
tool
equipment
must
be
used
to
access
the
DTCs,
either
using
the
BMW
special
tool
ora
`generic"
OBD
11
scan
tool
.
See
130
Fuel
Injection
.
"
The
08D
11
fault
memory
(including
an
iiluminated
Check
Engine
light)
can
only
be
reset
using
the
spe-
cial
scan
tool
.
Removing
the
connector
from
the
ECM
or
disconnecting
the
battery
will
not
erase
the
fault
memory
.
Table
d
.
OBD
1
Fault
(Blink)
Codes
(1992-1995
modeis
only)
Graphic
representation
of
flashing
Check
Engine
light
fault
code
:
1221
5
Seconds
.
:-
2
.5~-
--05--
Fault
code
and
meaning
1
Corrective
action
Code
1216
:
Throttle
potentiometer
Code
1218
:
Output
stage,
group#1
(DME
3
.3
.ionly)
Code
1219
:
Output
stage,
group
#2
(DME
3
.3.1
only)
Code
1221
:
Oxygen
sensor
#1
Code
1224
:
Air
temperature
sensor
(NTC)
Code
1226
:
Knock
sensor
#2
(DME
3
.3
.1
only)
130
ENGINE-GENERAL
100-
9
2
.5
seconds,
then
go
off
for
2
.5
seconds
.
At
thispoint,
the
fault
codes
will
begin
to
flash
.
See
Table
d
.
If
more
than
one
fault
has
been
detected,
eachcode
will
be
separated
by
a2
.5
second
pause
.
When
al¡
fault
codes
havebeen
displayed,
there
will
be0
.5
second
flash
and
thenthe
light
will
remain
off
.
To
read
the
codes
again,
turn
the
key
off
and
then
on
again
.
Depress
theaccelerator
pedal
to
the
floor
five
times
quickly
(within
5
seconds)
.
The
codes
will
begin
to
repeat
.
On
cars
with
OBD
I,
fault
codes
can
be
read
by
turning
the
To
erase
the
fault
code
memory,
first
make
sure
the
fault
ignition
key
on
and
fully
depressing
theaccelerator
pedal
to
code
1000
(short
blink
and
then
light
goes
out
for
long
period)
the
floor
five
times
within
five
seconds
.
TheCheck
Engine
is
present,
then
depress
the
throttle
fully
for
at
least
10
sec-
light
will
then
remain
on
for
five
seconds,
blink
off,
come
on
for
onds
.
Read
the
fault
codes
as
described
earlier
and
check
for
the
1444
code
(no
faults
stored)
.
-,--------------
Check
Engine
light
on
Check
Engine
light
off
Code
1211
:
DM
E
Control
Module
DME
control
module
may
be
faulty
.
This
code
appears
if
the
control
module
fails
the
self
test
.
Check
inputsto
control
module
.
Repair
Group
130
Code
1215
:
Mass
air
flow
sensor
Check
air
flow
or
mass
air
flow
sensor
and
wiring
to
sensor
.
Repair
Group
130
Test
throttle
potentiometer
resistance
and
wiring
.
Repair
Group
130
Test
DME
control
module
input/outputs
.
Repair
Group
130
Test
DME
control
module
input/outputs
.
Repair
Group
130
Check
sensor
output
signal
to
DME
control
module
.
Repair
Group
Code
1222
:
Oxygen
sensor
lean/rich
control
stop
Check
for
intake
air
leaks
or
reasons
forrich
míxture
.
See
Driveabil-
ity
Troubleshooting
given
earlier
in
this
repair
group
Code
1223
:
Coolant
temperaturesensor
(NTC)
1
Test
coolant
temperature
sensor
.
Repair
Group
130
Test
intake
air
temperature
sensor
.
Repair
Group
130
Code
1225
:
Knock
sensor#1
(DME
3
.3
.1
only)
1
Check
knocksensorand
sensor
wiring
.
Repair
Group
120
Check
knocksensor
and
sensor
wiring
.
Repair
Group
120
Code
1231
:
Batteryvoltage
monitor
Test
battery
voltage
and
battery
check
charging
system
and
starter
.
Repair
Group
121
Code
1234
:
Speedometer
"A"signal
(DME
3
.3
.1
only)
Check
wiring
between
instrument
cluster
and
DME
control
module
.
Electrical
Wiring
Diagrams
Code
1237
:
A/C
compressor
cutoff
(DME
3
.3
.1
only)
Test
DME
control
module
inputs/outputs
from
A/C
system
.
Repair
Group
130
Code
1242
:
A/C
compressor
signal
(DME
3
.3.1
only)
Test
DME
control
module
inputs/outputs
from
A/C
system
.
Repair
Group
130
DRIVEABILITY
TROLIBLESHOOTING
Page 52 of 759
100-
1
0
ENGINE-GENERAL
Table
d
.
OBD
I
Fault
(Blink)
Codes
(continued)
(1992-1995
modeis
only)
Graphic
representation
of
flashing
Check
Engine
light
fault
code
:
1221
-
;
5
Seconds
.
;--~
2
.5
r
----------------
Check
Engine
light
on
Fault
code
and
meaning
Corrective
action
Check
Engine
light
off
Code
1243
:
Crankshaft
position
sensor
(DME
3
.3
.1
only)
Test
crankshaft
position/rpm
sensor
and
wiring
from
sensor
lo
DME
control
module
.
Repair
Group
120
Code
1244
:
Camshaft
position
sensor
(DME
3
.3
.1
only)
Test
camshaft
position
sensor
and
wiring
fromsensor
to
DME
con-
trol
module
.
Repair
Group
130
Code
1245
:
Electronic
transmission
control
intervention
(DME
3
.3
.1
Check
wiring
between
DME
control
module
and
auto
.
transmission
only)
control
module
Code
1247
:
Ignition
secondary
monitor
(DME
3
.3
.1
only)
Check
secondary
voltage
lo
ignition
coils
.
Check
wiringat
ignition
coils
.
Repair
Group
120
Code
1251
:
Fuel
injector
#1
(DME
3
.113
.3
.1
only)
1
Test
injector
operation/signal
lo
injector
.
Repair
group130
Code
1252
:
Fuel
injector
#2
(DME
3
.113
.3
.1
only)
Test
injector
operation/signal
lo
injector
.
Repair
group130
Code
1253
:
Fuel
injector
#3
(DME
3
.1/3
.3
.1
only)
Test
injector
operation/signal
to
injector
.
Repair
group130
Code
1254
:
Fuel
injector
#4
(DME
3
.1/3
.3
.1
only)
Test
injector
operation/signal
to
injector
.
Repair
group
130
Code
1255
:
Fuel
injector
#5
(DME
3
.1/3
.3
.1
only)
Test
injector
operation/signal
to
injector
.
Repair
group130
Code
1256
:
Fuel
injector
#6
(DME
3
.1/3
.3
.1
only)
Test
injector
operation/signal
lo
injector
.
Repair
group130
Code
1261
:
Fuel
pump
control
Test
fuel
pump
relay
and
fuel
pump
circuit
.
Repairgroup
160
Code
1262
:
Idle
speed
control
Test
idleair
controlvalve
and
signalto
valve
.
Repair
Group
130
Code
1263
:
Fuel
tank
evaporative
(EVAP)
system
Test
EVAP
purge
valve
.
Repair
Group
160
Code
1264
:
Oxygen
sensor
heater
1
Test
oxygen
sensorheater
and
heater
relay
.
Repair
group
130
Code
1265
:
Check
engine
lamp
(DME
3
.3.1
only)
1
Test
for
faulty
bulb
or
wiring
.
Electrical
Wiring
Diagrams
Code
1266
:
VANOS
(DME
3
.3
.1
only)
1
Test
VANOS
solenoid
.
Check
for
signal
to
VANOS
solenoid
.
Code
1267
:
Air
pump
relay
control
(DME
3
.3
.1
only)
Test
air
pump
relay
and
wiring
(where
applicable)
Electrical
Wiring
Diagrams
Code
1271
:
Ignition
coil
#1
(DME
3
.3.1
only)
Test
ignitioncoil
and
wiring
toignitioncoil
.
Repair
Group
120
Code
1272
:
Ignition
coil
#2
(DME
3
.3.1
only)
Test
ignitioncoil
and
wiring
loignitioncoil
.
Repair
Group
120
Code
1273
:
Ignition
coil
#3
(DME
3
.3.1
only)
Test
ignitioncoil
and
wiring
loignitioncoil
.
Repair
Group
120
Code
1274
:
Ignítion
coil
#4
(DME
3
.3.1
only)
Test
ignitioncoil
and
wiring
toignitioncoil
.
Repair
Group
120
Code
1275
:
Ignitioncoil
#5
(DME
3
.3.1
only)
Test
ignition
coil
and
wiring
loignitioncoil
.
Repair
Group
120
Code
1276
:
Ignition
coil
#6
(DME
3
.3.1
only)
Test
ignitioncoil
and
wiring
loignitioncoil
.
Repair
Group
120
Code
1281
:
DME
control
module
memory
supply
(DME
3
.3
.1
only)
Check
voltage
supply
from
battery
lo
DME
control
module
.
Electri-
Code
1282
:
Fault
code
memory
(DME
3
.3.1
only)
Check
DME
control
module
inputs/outputs
.
Control
module
may
be
faulty
.
Repair
Group
130
Code
1283
:
Fuel
injector
output
stage
(DME
3
.3
.1
only)
Check
DME
control
module
inputs/outputs
.
Control
module
may
be
faulty
.
Repair
Group
130
DRIVEABILITY
TROUBLESHOOTING
cal
Wiring
Diagrams
Page 53 of 759
Graphic
representation
of
flashing
Check
Engine
light
fault
code
:
1221
-
;
5
Seconds
.
~-
2
.5;-
Fault
code
and
meaning
Corrective
action
Code
1286
:
Knock
control
test
pulse
(DME
3
.3
.1
only)
Check
DME
control
module
inputs/outputs
.
Control
module
may
be
faulty
Repair
Group
130
Code
1000
(light
remains
off)
:
End
of
fault
code
output-all
fault
codes
have
been
displayed
.
No
~
corrective
action
necessary
.
Repeat
test
if
necessary
Code
1444
:
No
more
faults
.
No
corrective
action
necessary
.
This
code
must
be
present
lo
erase
fault
memory
Basic
Requirements
Preventive
Maintenance
The
following
list
contains
basic
checks
that
should
be
made
when
experiencing
driveability
problems
.
1
.
Check
intake
(induction)
system
for
leaks
.
Check
for
cracked,
loose,
or
disconnected
hoses
and
duct
work
.
Check
that
all
hose
clamps
are
tight
.
NOTE-
An
air
leak
allows
unmeasured
airto
enter
the
engine,
offen
resulting
in
an
in
overly
lean
fuel
mixture
and
causing
driveability
problems
which
will
cause
the
Check
Engine
light
to
come
on
.
Table
d
.
OBD
I
Fault
(Blink)
Codes
(continued)
(1992-1995
models
only)
7
-
1
--------------
Check
Engine
light
on
ENGINE-GENERAL
100-
1
1
Check
Engine
light
off
The
condition
of
the
fuel,
ignition
and
emission
controlsys-
tem
components
has
a
directeffect
onengineperformance
and
driveability
.
BMW
specifies
maintenance
of
certain
parts
at
regular
intervals
lo
keep
the
engine
in
proper
tune
.
Extend-
ing
maintenance
intervals
beyond
the
time
or
mileagerecom-
mended
bythe
manufacturer
can
adversely
affect
the
way
the
engine
runs
.
When
troubleshooting
driveability
problems,
a
good
starting
point
is
to
perform
a
major
engine
service,par-
ticularly
if
one
is
overdue
.
For
maintenance
schedules,
major
engine
service
and
other
driveability-related
maintenance
procedures,
see020
Maintenance
Program
.
Basic
Engine
Settings
2
.
Check
that
the
battery
isin
good
condition
.
Check
that
the
cables
are
tight
and
free
of
corrosion
at
both
ends
.
Idle
speed,
idle
mixture
(%CO),
and
ignition
timing
are
not
Check
that
all
related
ground
points
are
firmly
connect-
adjustable
.
The
adaptive
engine
management
system
is
de-
ed
and
in
good
condition
.
Check
al¡
harness
connectors
signed
lo
automatically
compensate
for
changes
in
engine
op-
for
damage
and
corrosion
.
erating
conditions,
although
the
adaptive
range
is
limited
.
Once
these
limits
are
exceeded,
driveability
problems
usually
3
.
Check
for
prwer
and
ground
at
the
Engine
Control
become
noticeable
.
Module
(ECM)
.
Check
the
main
grounds
for
the
ECM
.
See130
Fuel
Injection
.
NOTE-
If
the
DME
adaptive
limits
are
exceeded,
the
Check
En-
4
.
Check
the
fuses
.
Check
for
sufficient
fuel
in
the
tank
.
If
gine
light
will
come
on,
indicating
an
emission
related
the
engine
ranout
of
fuel,
it
will
take
a
little
time
to
re-
fault
.
See
130
Fuel
Injection,
store
fuel
pressure
.
See
160
Fuel
Tank
and
Fuel
Pump
.
Oxygen
Sensors
5
.
Check
for
spark
at
the
spark
plugs
.
If
the
tachometer
needle
bounces
while
the
engine
is
crankedby
the
A
high
oxygen
level
in
the
engine
exhaust
indicates
a
lean
starter
then
the
ignition
system
is
probably
working
cor-
air-fuel
mixture
and
a
low
oxygen
level
indicates
a
rich
mix
rectly
.
See
120
Ignition
System
.
ture
.
The
oxygen
sensor,
shown
in
Fig
.
10,
measures
the
oxy-
gen
content
in
the
exhaust
gasand
generates
a
variable
6
.
Check
for
any
faults
through
the
On-Board
Diagnostics
voltage
signal
.
Using
that
feedback
signal
asan
input,
the
system
.
See
On-Board
Diagnostics
(OBD)
.
DME
control
module
fine
tunes
the
air-fuel
mixture
.
DRIVEABILITY
TROUBLESHOOTING
Page 54 of 759
100-
1
2
ENGINE-GENERAL
NOTE-
The
oxygen
sensor
signal
is
ignored
until
the
engine
reachesa
specified
minimum
temperature
.
Therefore,
The
primary
input
usedby
the
fuel
injection
system
to
deter-
when
troubleshooting
cold
engine
driveability
prob-
mine
how
much
fuel
should
be
delivered
is
the
signal
from
the
lems,
the
oxygensensor
canbe
ruled
out
asa
possible
mass
air
flow
sensor
in
the
intake
air
ductwork
.
cause
.
As
the
oxygen
sensor
ages,
its
ability
to
react
quickly
to
changing
conditions
deteriorates,
and
it
may
eventually
cease
to
produce
any
signal
at
all
.
To
check
the
operation
of
the
oxy-
gen
sensor,
see
130
Fuel
Injection
:
NOTE-
On
1996
and
latercars,
OBD
11
enhanced
emission
standards
require
the
engine
control
module
(ECM)
to
monitor
the
oxygen
content
in
the
exhaust
both
before
and
after
the
catalytic
converter
.
Thisallows
for
tighter
control
of
the
tail
pipe
emissions
and
also
allowsthe
ECM
to
diagnose
converter
problems
.
If
the
DME
de-
tects
that
catalytic
converter
or
oxygensensor
efficien-
cyhas
degraded
pasta
certain
pre-programmed
limit,
it
will
turn
on
the
Check
Engine
light,
and
store
a
diag-
nostic
trouble
code
(DTC)
in
the
ECM
.
DRIVEABILITY
TROUBLESHOOTING
Catalytic
B9506
Air
Flow
Measurement
and
Vacuum
Leaks
Because
proper
fuel
metering
depends
on
accurate
mea-
surement
of
the
incoming
air,
any
unmeasured
air
that
enters
the
engine
downstream
of
the
mass
air
flow
sensor
will
cause
a
lean
air-fuel
mixture
and
possibly
affectdriveability
.
NOTE-
Fig
.
10
.
Regulating
oxygen
sensor
measures
oxygen
content
of
ex-
gattery
Voltage
hausY
gas
as
indicator
of
.¡_fi
.1
ratio
and
"-k,
.
E-
effi-
ciency
.
Monitoríng
oxygen
sensor
(not
shown)
monitors
If
a
large
air
leak
is
causing
driveability
problems,
the
Check
Engine
light
will
usually
be
illuminated
and
a
fault
will
be
stored
in
the
fault
code
memory
.
See
On
Board
Diagnostics
(OBD)
.
There
are
many
places
for
unmeasured
air
to
enter
theen-
gine
.
First,
inspect
all
hoses,
fittings,
ducts,
seals,
and
gaskets
in
the
intake
air
tract
for
cracks
or
looseness
.
It
may
be
neces-
sary
to
remove
parts
that
cannot
be
fully
checked
in
their
in-
stalled
positions
.
Also
make
sure
all
of
the
intake
manifold
and
throttle
body
mounting
nuts
are
tight
.
In
addition
to
air
leaks,
air
restrictions
can
also
cause
drive-
ability
problems
.
Remove
the
air
filter
and
hold
it
up
to
a
strong
light
source
.
If
the
filter
does
not
pass
light,
it
is
restricted
and
should
be
replaced
.
Also,
remove
the
intake
air
ductwork
and
check
for
oily
deposits
at
the
throttle
plate
.
Buildup
in
this
area
can
cause
an
erratic
idle
.
Clean
away
any
deposits
using
a
cloth
wetted
withcarburetor
cleaner
and
reinstall
the
ductwork
.
CAUTION-
Do
not
spray
carburetor
cleaner
directly
in
the
throt-
tle
anea
.
Spraying
cleaner
may
force
it
into
the
throt-
tle
position
switch
or
sensor
and
cause
damage
.
catalytic
converter
operation
.
All
of
the
electrical
components
in
the
fuelinjection
and
igni-
tion
systems
require
a
minimum
voltage
to
operate
properly
.
When
troubleshooting
engine
driveability
problems,
one
of
Replacement
of
oxygensensors
at
the
specified
intenrals
en-
the
first
checks
should
be
to
make
sure
the
battery
is
fully
sures
that
the
engine
and
emission
control
system
wili
continue
charged
and
capable
of
delivering
allits
power
to
the
electricalto
operate
as
designed
.
As
the
oxygen
sensor
ages,
its
ability
to
system
.
react
quickly
to
changing
conditions
deteriorates,
and
it
may
eventually
cease
to
produceany
signal
at
all
.
To
make
a
quick
check
of
battery
charge,
measure
the
volt-
age
across
the
battery
terminals
with
all
cables
attached
and
As
the
oxygen
sensor
ages,
its
ability
to
react
quickly
to
the
ignition
off
.
A
fully
charged
battery
will
measure
12
.6
volts
changing
conditions
deteriorates,
and
it
may
eventually
cease
or
slightly
more,
compared
to
12
.15
volts
for
a
battery
with
a
to
produce
any
signal
at
all
.
To
check
theoperation
of
the
oxy-
25%
charge
.
gen
sensor,
see130
Fuel
Injection
.
Even
a
fully
charged
battery
cannot
deliver
power
unless
it
is
properly
connected
to
the
electrical
system
.
Check
the
bat-
tery
terminals
for
corrosion
and
loosecableconnections
.
If
the
battery
does
not
maintain
the
proper
voltage,
the
charging
system
may
be
atfault
.
See
121
Battery,
Starter,
Alternator
.