DTC BMW 528i 1998 E39 Workshop Manual

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Maintenance
< Remove NC compressor belt:
Loosen tensioner mounting fasteners (arrows)
Swing tensioner down to remove belt.
4 To reinstall compressor belt:
Route belt over pulleys.
* Pretension belt by turning adjuster clockwise (arrow) to
stop.
- Tighten tensioner mounting bolts (A).
Tightening torques
Fan clutch to coolant pump (left- hand thread)
with BMW tool
11 5 040
30 Nm (22 ft-lb)
without BMW tool 11 5 040
40 Nm (29 ft-lb)
Tensioner to engine block
8.8 grade
22 Nm (16 ft-lb)
10.9 grade (Ilquid-cooled alternator) 30 Nm (22 ft-lb)
Idle speed
Engine idle speed can change due to a number of factors, in-
cluding normal wear. The idle speed is electronically adaptive
and not adjustable. See
130 Fuel Injection for more informa-
tion.
Catalytic converter and oxygen sensors
OBD II enhanced emission standards require the engine
control module (ECM) to monitor the oxygen content in the
exhaust with oxygen sensors placed before and after the cat-
alytic converter. This allows for tighter control of tail pipe
emissions and also allows the ECM to diagnose converter
problems. If the ECM detects that catalytic converter or oxy-
gen sensor efficiency has degraded past a certain
prepro-
grammed limit, it will turn on the malfunction indicator light
(MIL), and store a diagnostic trouble code (DTC) in the ECM.
See OBD On-Board Diagnostics for more information on
OBD
ll systems.
Replacement of oxygen sensors at the specified intervals
he engine and emission control system will

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Camshaft Timing Chain
1 VANOS I 4 When engine is started, camshafts are in deactivated
camshaft
retarded Engine I i oil supply
position:
. lntalte camshaft is held in RETARDED position by oil
pressure.
Exhaust camshaft is held in ADVANCED position by
preload spring and oil pressure.
VANOS
Piston out
ECM Piston in Within 2
- 5
seconds (50 engine revolutions), the ECM begins
monitoring and controlling camshaft positions.
The Double VANOS system allows full variability of camshaft
timing up to the limits of the system. When the ECM detects
that the camshafts are in optimum position, the solenoids are
modulated at approximately 100
- 220 Hz to maintain oil pres-
sure on both sides of the actuator pistons to maintain timing.
In models with DME
MS 43.0 (model year2001 and newer),
the engine control module (ECM) detects camshaft position
before the engine starts, thereby adjusting camshaft timing
immediately upon start-up.
NOTE-
. VANOS system troubleshooting and diagnostics is best
accomplished using a scan tool.
. Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) pertaining to the
VANOS system are listed
in the following table. See also
OED On-Board Diagnostics.
Elevated oil temperatures can cause VANOS to deactivate.
Oil that is too thick (high viscosity) may cause
a DTC to be
set
in the ECM. If VANOS is deactivated (limp-home
mode), there will be a noticeable loss of power.
VANOS fault codes
BMW code P-code Fault description
19
PI529 VANOS solenoid valve activation,
exhaust
21
PI525 VANOS solenoid valve activation,
intake
103
PI519 VANOS faulty reference value
intake
104
PI520 VANOS faulty reference value
exhaust
105
PI522 VANOS stuck (Bank I) intake
106
PI523 VANOS stuck (Bank 2) exhaust

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120-3
Ignition System
Warnings and cautions
The ignition system produces dangerous high voltage. In ad-
dition the sensitive electronic components can be damaged
if
proper precautions are not adhered to.
WARNING-
* Do not touch or disconnect any cables from the coils while
the engine is running or being
cranked by the starter.
The ignition system produces high voltages that can be
fatal. Avoid contact with exposed terminals. Use ex-
treme caution when working on a car with the ignition
switched on or the engine running.
- Connect and disconnect tlie DME system wiring and
test equipment leads only when the ignition is
OFF:
Before operating the starter without starting the engine
(for example when
making a compression test) always
disable the ignition.
CA
U TIOW-
Do not attempt to disable the ignition by removing the coils
from the spark plugs.
Connect or disconnect ignition system wires, multiple
wire connectors, and ignition test equipment leads only
while the ignition is
off Switch multimeter functions or
measurement ranges only with the test probes discon-
nected.
* Do not disconnect the battery while the engine is run-
ning.
A high impedance digital multimeter should be used for
all voltage and resistance tests. An LED test light
should be used in place of an incandescent-type test
lamp.
In general, make test connections only as specified by
BMW as described in this manual, or as described by
the instrument manufacturer.
Engine management
BMW €39 engines use an advanced engine management
system known as Digital Motor Electronics (DME). DME in-
corporates on-board diagnostics, fuel injection, ignition and
other engine control functions. DME variants are listed in
Table a. Engine management systems.
Second generation On-Board Diagnostics
(OED II) is incor-
porated into the engine management systems used on the
cars covered by this manual. Use a BMW-specific electronic
scan tool, or a "Generic"
OED II scan tool to access Diagnos-
tic Trouble Codes (DTCs). DTCs can help pinpoint ignition
ine management problems.

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I lgnition System
Additional information about DTCs and engine management
system electronic system diagnosis is provided in
OBD On-
Board Diagnostics.
Table a. Engine management systems
Year
l~ngine I Engine type IDME svstem I - I - . . I
Ignition system
1997-1 998
1997
1998
1999-2002
4 All engines use a distributorless ignition system with individ-
ual ignition coils for each cylinder. There is no distributor cap
or ignition rotor.
4 Each coil is controlled and monitored by the Engine Control
Module (ECM) on a cylinder-by-cylinder basis.
1999-2000
1~52 TU 16-cylinder l~iemens MS
42.0
M62
M62
M62TU
Siemens MS 41 .I M52 6-cylinder
V-8
V-8 V-8 Bosch
M 5.2
Bosch M 5.2.1
Bosch ME 7.2

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120-6
lgnition System
lgnition system, troubleshooting
Troubleshooting ignition system faults should begin with an
interrogation of the On-Board Diagnostics (OBD
II) system.
The OBD
II system detects ignition system misfire and other
related faults. When faults are detected, the OBD
II system
stores a Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) in the Engine Con-
trol Module (ECM) along with other pertinent fault information.
4 In addition, the Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL) will come on
if an emissions related fault is detected. Additional OBD
II in-
formation, including a DTC lookup table, can be found in
OED On-Board Diagnostics.
NOTE-
BMWmodels covered in this manual were equipped with one
of three versions of
MIL warning lights (as shown).
Misfire detection
Engine m~sfire in one or more cylinders, may be caused by a
var~ety of malfunctions in various subsystems. The OBD II
system ~ncorporated into the engine management systems is
des~gned to detect and warn of misfire faults during englne
operat~on. See OED On Board Diagnostics.
WARNING -
lgnition misfires can cause high hydrocarbon exhaust emis-
sions andcatalytic converter damage. For this reason, if a se-
vere misfire is detected, the fuel injector
will be turned off to
the specific cylinder and the
MIL will be illuminated. A misfire
may also produce an overheated catalytic converter, which
can be a fire hazard.
Oscilloscope diagnostic diagrams
One way to diagnose a faulty coil is to use an oscilloscope to
analyze spark quality with the engine running.
See Table b. lgnition secondary voltage diagnostics for
list of common ignition
coil voltage faults and related causes.

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-
Fuel Injection
of diagnostic time and to help avoid incorrect component re-
placement and possible damage to system components.
NOTE-
* Professional diagnostic scan tools available at the time of
this printing include the BMW factory tools and a small
number of aftermarket BMW-specific tools. The
CS2000
from Baum Tools Unlimited, the Retriever from Assenma-
chef Specialty Tools, and the MT2500 from Snap-on are
three examples.
In addition to the BMW-specific professional line of scan
tools, there are inexpensive generic OBD
I1 scan tool soft-
ware programs and
handheld units available. Although
these tools have limited capabilities as compared to the
dedicated tools, they are powerful diagnostic tools.
For the
DIY owner, simple aftermarltet DTC readeris avail-
able through
http://www.pealteresearch.com. This tool is
capable of checlting for
DTCs as well as turning off the il-
luminated
MIL and resetting the service indicator lights.
Tools and test equipment
If the equipment required to do the job is unavailable, it is rec-
ommended that these repairs be left to an authorized
BMW
dealer or other qualified BMW repair facility.
4 Low current test light ("noid")
(Tool No. Baum 11 15a)

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Fuel Injection
Factory DTC scan tool
(Tool No. BMW
DISplus / GTl / MoDiC Ill)
4 Fuel line plugs
(Tool No. BMW 13
5 281 1 13 5 282)
I
4 Fuel line clamp
(Tool No. BMW 13 3
010)
4 Fuel rail to pressure gauge fitting
(Tool No. BMW
13 5 220)

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130-6
Fuel Injection
Fuel supply to the injection system is provided by a high pres-
sure electric pump mounted inside the fuel tank. The pump is
powered via the fuel pump relay. If the relay is faulty, the fuel
pump will not run and the engine will not start.
NOTE-
* Fuel delivery volume and fuel pressure are critical to prop-
er operation. Fuel pressure direcfly influences fuel deliv-
ery
Fuel pump relay, fuel pressure and fuel volume tests are
given in 160 Fuel Tank and Fuel Pump.
Relieving system fuel pressure
The fuel system retains fuel pressure in the system when the
engine is off. To prevent fuel from spraying on a hot engine,
system fuel pressure should be relieved beforedisconnecting
fuel lines. One method is to tightly wrap
ashop towel around a
fuel line fitting and loosen or disconnect the fitting. Cleanli-
ness is essential when working with fuel components. Thor-
oughly clean the unions before disconnecting fuel lines.
When system faults are detected, a diagnostic trouble code
(DTC) is stored in the engine control module (ECM). The MIL
also iiluminates if an emissions-related fault is detected
When faults arise, or if the malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) is
illuminated, begin troubleshooting by connecting BMW ser-
vice tester
DISplus. MoDiC, GTI or equivalent scan tool. The
capabilities of OBD
II software has the potential to save hours
of diagnostic time and to help avoid incorrect component re-
placement and possible damage to system components.
CAUTION-
- The tests in this section may set fault codes (DTCs) in the
ECM and illuminate the
MIL. Affer all testing is completed,
access and clear DJC fault memory using an
OED I1 or
BMW compatible scan tool. See OBD On-Board Diag-
nostics.
0 Only use a digital multimeter for electrical tests.
. Relay positions can vary Be sure to confirm relay posi-
tion by identifying the wiring in the socket using the wir-
ing diagrams found in ELE Electrical Wiring
Diagrams.

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- -.
Fuel Injection
SIEMENS MIS 42.0 AND 43.0
When system faults are detected, a diagnostic trouble code
(DTC) is stored in the engine control module (ECM). The MIL
also illuminates
if an emissions-related fault is detected.
When faults arise, or
if the malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) is
illuminated, begin troubleshooting by connecting BMW ser-
vice tester
DISplus, MoDiC, GTI or equivalent scan tool. The
capabilities of OBD
II software has the potential to save hours
of diagnostic time and to help avoid incorrect component re-
placement and possible damage to system components.
CAUTION-
* The tests in this section may set fault codes (DTCs) in tlie
ECM and illuminate the MIL. After all testing is completed,
access and clear DTC fault
memory using an OBD I/ or
BMW compatible scan tool. See
OBD On-Board Diag-
nostics.
Only use a
dgital multimeter for electrical tests.
Relay positions can vary. Be sure to confirm
relayposi-
tion by identifying the wiring in the socket using the wir-
ing diagrams found in
ELE Electrical Wiring
Diagrams.
NOTE-
- OBD I1 fault memory. (including an illuminated MIL! can
only be reset using the special scan tool. Removing the
connector from the ECM or disconnecting the battery will
not erase the fault memory.
The BMW-dedicated 20-pin diagnostic
linlc connector
(DLC) is in the right rear of the engine compartment The
20-pin DLC is discontinued on models after
6/2000.
The 1 &pin OBD I1 diagnostic connector (arrow) is located
inside the car on the lower left dash panel.
The MS
42.0 and MS 43.0 systems manage the following
functions.
- Air:
Idle speed valve
Electronic throttle
Hot film mass air flow (MAF) sensor
Resonance-turbulence intake control
- Fuel:
* Fuel supply
Running losseslnon return
Fuel injection

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130-46
Fuel Injection
When system faults are detected, a diagnostic trouble code
(DTC) is stored in the engine control module (ECM). The MIL
also illuminates if an emissions-related fault is detected.
When faults arise, or
if the malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) is
illuminated, begin troubleshooting by connecting BMW ser-
vice tester
DISplus. MoDiC, GTI or equivalent scan tool. The
capabilities of
OED II software has the potential to save hours
of diagnostic time and to help avoid incorrect component re-
placement and possible damage to system components.
CA UTIOiU-
The tests in this section may set fault codes (DTCs) in the
ECM and illuminate the MIL. After ail testing is completed,
access and clear DTC fault
memory using an OED I/ or
BMW compatible scan tool. See OBD On-Board Diag-
nostics.
Only use a digital
multimeter for electrical tests.
Relay positions can vary. Be sure to confirm relay
posi-
. tion by identifying the wiring in the socket using the wir-
ing diagrams-found in ~~~~lectrical Wiring
Diagrams.
NOTE-
OED I1 fault memory (including an illuminated MIL) can
only be reset
using~the special scan tool. Removing the
connector from the ECM or disconnecting the battery will
not erase the fault
memory.
The BMW-dedicated 20-pin diagnostic link connector
(DLC) is in the right rear of the engine compartment.
The 16-pin OBD
I1 diagnostic connector (arrow) is located
inside the car on
the lower left dash panel.