Fuel trim BMW 528i 2000 E39 User Guide

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.-- -
/ Fuel Tank and Fuel Pump - .. -. -- 1
Fuel pump fuse and relay
Troubleshooting of any fuel pump fault should begin with
checking the fuel pump fuse and the fuel pump relay. The
DME main relay should also be checked. The fuel pump relay
is located behind right side luggage compartment interior
panel.
I Fuel pump relay
BLU =blue ERN = blo$,m GRN =groan GRY = grsy ORG =orange PNI< =pink RED =red VIO =violel WHT = wlilte
rk-; I I 1 ECM
I I I 31 8 ,._--___.I
NOTE-
Special tools are required for some of the tests described
here.
4 Fuel pump circu~t is fuse-protected.
0 6-cylinder models with Siemens DME MS41 .I, MS42, V-8
models with Bosch DME M5.2, M5.2.1 englne manage-
ment: Fuse
F54,15A (luggage compartment fuse panel)
6-cylinder models with Siemens DME MS43 engine man-
agement: Fuse
F22,25A (glove compartment fuse panel)
V-8 models with Bosch DME M7.2: Fuse F54,25A (lug-
gage compartment fuse panel)
- Fuse 31 in glove compartment fuse panel supplies power to
coil side of fuel pump relay. Engine control module (ECM)
supplies switched ground to relay. During starting, fuel pump
runs as long as ignition switch is in START position and con-
tinues to run once engine starts. If electrical system fault in-
terrupts power to fuel pump, engine will not run.
. .
Operating fuel pump for tests
- To operate fuel pump for testing purposes without having to
run engine, bypass fuel pump relay to power pump directly.
< To run fuel pump, open luggage compartment and release
right side trim panel.

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I Fuel Tank and Fuel Pump --
Fuel pressure gauge, installing
(6-cylinder models)
4 Remove fuel rail cover by prying off trim covers (arrows) and
removing nuts.
4 If equipped, remove schraeder valve cap (arrow). Blow fuel
back through feed line using a brief burst of compressed air
(maximum
3 bar or 43.5 psi).
WARNING -
Fuel in fuel line is underpressure (approx. 3 - 5 bar or 45 -
75psi) andmay be expelled underpressure. Do not smoke
or work near heaters or other fire hazards. Keep a fire ex-
tinguisher handy Before disconnecting fuel hoses, wrap a
cloth around fuel hoses to absorb any leaking fuel. Catch
and dispose of escaped fuel. Plug all open fuel lines.
Always unscrew the fuel tank cap to release pressure
in the tank before working on the tank or lines.
4 Attach fuel pressure gauge to BMW special tool 13 5 220
(T-fittlng) or equivalent and attach to schraeder valve.
WARNING -
The fuel pressure gauge must be securely connected to pre-
vent it from
coming loose underpressure.
CAUTION-
When using the BMWspecial tool, use care when turning the
T-handle in to open the schraeder valve. Screw the handle in
just until the schraeder valve opens. Turning the handle in too
far will damage the schraeder valve.
NOTE-
* The schraeder valve must be opened to the fuel pressure
gauge connection. Either remove the valve using a stan-
dard tire valve removal tool or use the BMW special tool
15 5 220.
* The fuel pressure gauge should have a minimum range of
0 to 5 bar (0 to 75 psi).
- For vehicles without the schraeder valve on the fuel rail, at-
tach the fuel pressure gauge in line with the fuel supply line
to the fuel rail.

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OBD-6
On-Board Diagnostics
Fuel system monitoring. This monitor looks at the fuel
delivery needed (long
/short term fuel trim) for proper engine
operation based on programmed data. If too much or not
enough fuel is delivered over a predetermined time, a DTC is
set and the MIL illuminates.
Fuel trim refers to adiustments to base fuel schedule.
Lono- ., term fuel trim refers to gradual adjustments to the fuel
calibration adjustment as compared to short term fuel trim.
Long term fuel trim adjustments compensate for gradual
changes that occur over time.
Fuel system monitoring monitors the calculated injection time
(ti) in relation to enginespeed, load and precatalyticconverter
oxygen
sensor(s) signals.
Using this data, the system optimizes fuel delivery for all
engine operating conditions.
Evaporative system monitoring. This monitor checks the
the fuel storage system and related fuel lines for leaks. It can
detect very small leaks anywhere in the system.
A leak detection unit (LDP or DMTL) is used to pressurize the
evaporative control system on a continuous basis (as the
drive cycle allows) and to
check system integrity.
Drive cycle
The OED II drive cycle is an important concept in
understanding OBD
II requirements. The purpose of the drive
cycle is to run ail of the emission-related on-board diagnostics
over a broad range of driving conditions.
A drive cycle is considered complete when all of the
diagnostic monitors have run their tests without interruption.
~ora drive cycle to be initiated, the vehicle must be started
cold and brought up to
1 60°F and at least 40°F above its
original starting temperature.
Readiness codes
Inspection/maintenance (I/M) readiness codes are mandated
as part of OBD
II. The readiness code is stored aftercomplete
diagnostic monitoring of specified components and systems
is carried out. The readiness code function was designed to
prevent manipulating an
I/M emission test procedure by
clearing faults codes or disconnecting the ECM or battery.

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OBD-8
I On-Board Diagnostics
DTC digit interpretation
1st digit
P powertrain
B body
C chassis
2nd digit
0 SAE
1 BMW
3rd digit
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4th - 5th digits total
system
airlfuei induction
fuel injection
ignition system or misfire
auxiliary emission control
vehicle speed
& idle control
ECM
inputs/outputs
transmission
individual circuits or
components
DTC example: P 0 3 0 6
P: A powertrain problem
0: SAE sanctioned or 'generic'
a 3: Related to an ignition system / misfire
06 Misfire detected at cylinder #6
DTCs provide a freeze frame or snap-shot of a vehicle
performance or emissions fault at the moment that the fault
first occurs. This information is accessible through generic
OED I1 scan tools.
Freeze frame data contains, but is not limited to, the following
information:
Engine load (calculated)
Engine rpm
Short and
long term fuel trim
Vehicle speed
Coolant temperature Intake manifold pressure
Open/closed loop operation
Fuel pressure (if available)
DTC

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OBD-14
I On-Board Diagnostics
I Engine diagnostic trouble codes: M52 engine (continued) - - -
P-code IBMW-FC ~DTC Definition
PO133
PO134
PO135
PO136
PO136
PO136
PO139
PO141
I I
PO150 1155 102 Sensor Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
I
I
229
186
25
156
157
215
220 61
PO150 02
Sensor Circuit
Slow Response (Banlc 1 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected
(Bank 1 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Circuit
(Banlc 1 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Circuit Slow Response
(Bank 1 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit
(Bank 1 Sensor 2)
PO153
PO154
PO155
PO156
PO156
PO156
PO150 1154 102 Sensor Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
153
PO159
PO161
PO170
02
Sensor Circuit (Banic 2 Sensor 1)
230
187
55
159
160
21 6
p~-~~--~ PO173
PO201
PO202
PO203
PO204
PO205
PO206
02 Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Banlc 2 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 2 Sensor
1)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Circuit (Banlc 2 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Circuit (Banlc 2 Sensor 2)
221
79
202 02
Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Banic 2 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit
(Banic 2 Sensor 2)
Fuel Trim
(Banic 1)
203
6
5
22
24
33
23
Fuel Trim (Banic 2)
injector
Circuitlopen -Cylinder 1
injector
Circuitlopen - Cylinder 2
injector
Circuitlopen -Cylinder 3
Injector
Circuitlopen - Cylinder 4
injector
Circuitlopen - Cylinder 5
lniector
CircuitlOpen - Cvlinder 6

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OBD-15
On-Board ~iagnosticsl
Engine diagnostic trouble codes: M52 engine (continued)
P-code
PO340
PO412
PO420
PO430
PO440
PO441
PO442
PO443
PO500
PO505
PO600
PO601
PO601
I PO601
~1132
~1133
BMW-FC
65
62
233
234
250 144
-
145
68
214
i I
DTC Definition
Camshalt Position Sensor 'A' Circuit (Bank 1 or Single Sensor)
Secondary Air Injection System Switching Valve A Circuit
Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold
(Bank 1)
Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 2)
Evaporative Emission System
Eva~orative Emission Svstem Incorrect Purge Flow .
Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (small leak)
Evaporative Emission System Purge Control Valve Circuit
Vehicle Speed Sensor 'A'
204
21 7
100
170
171
188
189
PI161
PI180
PI181
PI184
PI185
PI178
02 Sensor Heater Control Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 2) I
idle Air Control System
Serial Communication
Link
Internal Control Module Memory Check Sum Error
Internal Control Module Memory
Check Sum Error
Internal Control Module Memory
Check Sum Error
02 Sensor Heater Control Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor
1)
02 Sensor Heater Control Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit RangeIPerlormance Problem PI140
I
I I
P1188 1227 I Fuel Control (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
PI145 150 /Solenoid Valve Running Losses Control Circuit Electrical
149
122
223
224
220 221
231
I I
P1189 1228 I Fuel Control (Banlc 2 Sensor 1)
Fuel Trim Adaptation Additive High (Bank 2) (M52: Engine Oil Temperature Sensor Circuit)
02 Sensor Signal Circuit Slow Switching from Rich to Lean
(Bank 1 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Signal Circuit Slow Switching from Rich to Lean
(Bank 2 Sensor 2)
H02S Sensor Voltage Excursion Electrical (Banlc 1 Sensor 1)
HO2S Sensor Voltage Excursion Electrical (Banlc 2 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Sianai Circuit Slow Switchina from Rich to Lean (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Signal Circuit Slow Switching from Rich to Lean (Bank 2 Sensor 1) PI179
I I
PI190 1235 I Pre Catalyst Fuel Trim System (Banlc 1)
PI186 1190 102 Sensor Heater Control Circuit (Banlc 1 Sensor 2)
232
I I
PI191 1236 I Pre
Catalyst Fuel Trim System (Banlc 2)
PI192
. . -- - i Pi193 1226 I Post Catalvst Fuel Trim Svstem (Bank 2)
225
PI397
I I
Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System (Bank 1)
PI421 1246 /Secondarv Air System (Bank 2)
18
Secondary Air System (Bank
1) PI423
Camshaft Position Sensor '0' Circuit (Bank 1)
I 245

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I On-Board Diagnostics
Engine diagnostic trouble codes: M54 engine (continued)
P-code
BMW-FC Explanation
Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 2)
PO430
PO443
PO444
PO445
PO455
PO456
PO491
PO492
PO500
PO441 1250 / Evaporative Emission System Incorrect Purge Flow
234
I I
68
68
68 143
143
245
246
214
PO604
PI083
PI084
PI085
PI086
Evaporative Emission System Purge Control Valve Circuit
Evaporative Emission System Purge Control Valve Circuit Open
Evaporative Emission System Purge Control Valve Circuit Shorted
Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (large leak)
Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (very
small leak)
Secondary Air injection System Insufficient Flow (Bani( 1)
Secondary Air Injection System insufficient Flow
(Banic 2)
Vehicle Speed Sensor
'A'
Idle Air Control System PO505
.
PI 087
PI 088
PI089
PI090
PO600 / 217 I Serial Communication Link
204
100
202
202
203
203
PI091
PI092
PI093
PI094
Pllll
PI112
PI120
Internal Control Module Random Access Memory (RAM) Error
Fuel Control Limit Mixture Too Lean (Bank 1 Sensor
1)
Fuel Control Limit Mixture Too Rich (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
Fuel Control Limit Mixture Too Lean (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
Fuel Control Limit Mixture Too Rich (Banic 2 Sensor 1) ~ ~
229
229
230 235
PI121
PI122
PI123
02 Sensor Circuit Slow Response in Lean Control Range (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Circuit Slow Response in Rich Control Range (Bank 1 Sensor
1)
02 Sensor Circuit Slow Response in Lean Control Range (Banlc 1 Sensor 2)
Pre Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Lean
(Bank 1)
236
235
236
230
11
11
114
PI134
PI135
PI136
PI137
PI138
Pre Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Lean (Banic 2)
Pre Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Rich
(Bank 1)
Pre Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Rich (Bank 2)
02 Sensor Circuit Slow Response in Rich Control Range (Banic 2 Sensor 1)
Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor Radiator Outlet Low Input
Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor Radiator Outlet High Input
Pedal Position Sensor Circuit
117
110
110
25
25
25
79
79 Pedal Position Sensor 1
RangeIPerformance Problem
Pedal Position Sensor 1 Low Input
Pedal Position Sensor 1 High Input
02 Sensor Heater Circuit Signal Intermittent (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor
1)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit Signal Intermittent (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit Low Voltage
(Banic 1 Sensor 2)
-
-

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OBD-21
On-Board
~ia~nosticsl
Engine diagnostic trouble codes: M54 engine (continued)
P-code
BMW-FC Explanation
I I
PI314 / 202 / Fuel Mixture Deviation Detected with Low Fuel
I I
02 Sensor Heater Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Activity Check Signal Too High (Banlc 1 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Activity Check Signal Too Low (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Activity Check Signal Too High (Banlc 2 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Activity Check Signal Too Low (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit Signal Intermittent (Bank 2 Sensor
1)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit Signal Intermittent (Banlc 2 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
Ambient Pressure Sensor Variant Recognition Value in Boot Range Implausible
Ambient Pressure Sensor Variant Recognition Error Value Stored in Boot Range
Ambient Pressure Sensor Variant Recognition Learning Failed
Pre Catalyst Fuel Trim System (Bank 1)
Pre Catalyst Fuel Trim System (Bank 2)
PI139
PI143
PI144
PI149
PI150
PI151
PI152
PI153
PI155
P1156
PI157
PI171
PI172
PI173
PI 190
PI191
79
21 5
21 5
21 6
21 6
55
55
55
61
61
61 196
196
196
235
236
Pedal Position Sensor 2 Low
Input PI222
-~~~~~~~~~ PI314
PI314
PI314
PI342 - PI343
PI 344
PI192
PI193
PI223 /I11 I Pedal Position Sensor 2 High Input
111
PI 345
PI 346
PI 347
PI348
PI 349
PI350
PI351
PI352
PI353
225 Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System (Bank 1)
226 Post Catalyst Fuel Trim Svstem (Bank 2)
203
227
228
238
238
239 Fuel Mixture Deviation Detected with Low Fuel
Fuel Mixture Deviation Detected with Low Fuel
Fuel Mixture Deviation Detected with Low Fuel
Misfire During Start Cylinder 1
Misfire Cylinder 1 with Fuel Cut-Off
Misfire Durina Start Cylinder 2
239
240
240
241
241
242
242
243
243
-
Misfire Cylinder 2 with Fuel Cut-Off
Misfire During Start Cylinder 3
Misfire Cylinder 3 with Fuel Cut-Off
Misfire During Start Cylinder 4
Misfire Cylinder 4 with Fuel Cut-Off
Misfire during Start Cylinder 5
Misfire Cylinder 5 with Fuel Cut-Off
Misfire during Start Cylinder 6
Misfire Cylinder 6 with Fuel Cut-Off

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OBD-28
1 On-Board Diagnostics
Engine diagnostic trouble codes: M62 engine (continued)
P-code
PI134
PI135
PI136
PI137
PI138 I I . .
PI139
~ PI152
PI153
PI155
PI156
PI157
PI158
PI159
I I
PI 327 1211 / Knoclc Sensor 2 Circuit Low Input (Banlc 1)
BMW-FC
13
13
13
14
14
I I -.
Explanation
02 Sensor Heater Circuit Signal Intermittent (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit Signal Intermittent (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit Low Voltaqe (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
PI151 15 1 02 Sensor Heater Circuit Signal intermittent (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
14
~ 5
5
4
4
4
28
28
PI160
02 Sensor Heater Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit Low Voltage (Banic 2 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit Signal Intermittent (Banlc 2 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
02 Sensor Heater Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
Fuel Trim Adaptation Additive Low (Bank 1)
Fuel Trim Ada~tation Additive Hish (Banlc 1)
PI 328
PI 332
PI 333
PI 340
PI341
PI342
PI343
I
I Misfire During Start Cylinder 3 1
PI161 129 / Fuel Trim Adaptation Additive High (Bank 2)
29
I I
Fuel Trim
Adaptation Additive Low (Banlc 2)
21 I
21 3
213 62
62
50
50
PI344
Knock Sensor 2 Circuit High input (Bank 1)
Knoclc Sensor 4 Circuit Low Input
Knock Sensor
4 Circuit High Input
Multiple Cylinder Misfire During Start
Multiple Cylinder Misfire with Fuel Cut-Off
Misfire During Start Cylinder
1
Misfire Cvlinder 1 with Fuel Cut-Off
PI 347
PI348
PI349
PI 350
PI351
PI352
PI353
PI345 1 57 I Misfire Cylinder 2 with Fuel Cut-Off
57
I I
Misfire During Start Cylinder 2
55
52
52
51
51
54
54
Misfire Cylinder 3 with Fuel Cut-Off
Misfire During Start Cylinder
4
Misfire Cylinder 4 with Fuel Cut-Off
Misfire during Start Cylinder
5
Misfire Cylinder 5 with Fuel Cut-Off
Misfire during Start Cylinder
6
Misfire Cvlinder 6 with Fuel Cut-OW
Misfire during Start Cylinder
7 PI354
PI355 1 56 I Misfire Cylinder7 with Fuel Cut-Off
56

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/ On-Board Diaanostics
Engine diagnostic trouble codes: M62 engine (continued)
P-code
I I
P2189 1 29 / System Too Lean at Idle (Bank 2)
P2093
P2096
P2098
P2177
P2178
P2179
P2180
P2092 / 166 I 'A' Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit Low (Bank 2)
BMW-FC
I I
P2273 / 23 1 02 Sensor Signal Stuck Rich (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
Explanation
166
225
226
26
26
27
27
P2190
P2191
P2192
P2193
P2194
P2270
'A' Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit High (Bank 2)
Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Lean (Bank 1)
Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Lean (Bank 2)
System Too Lean Off Idle (Bank 1)
System Too Rich Off Idle (Bank 1)
System Too Lean Off idle (Bank 2)
System Too Rich Off Idle (Bank 2)
29
24
24
25 25 17
System Too Rich at Idle (Bank 2)
System Too Lean at Higher Load (Bank 1)
System Too Rich at Higher Load (Bank 1)
System Too Lean at Higher Load (Banlc 2)
System Too Rich at Higher Load (Bank 2)
02
Sensor Signal Stuck Lean (Bank 1 Sensor 2)