brake pads BMW 540i 1997 E39 Workshop Manual

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine
001 General Warnings and Cautions
PLEASE READ THESE WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS
BEFORE PROCEEDING
WITH MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR WORK.
WARNINGS-
See also CAUTIONS
- Some repairs may be beyond your capability. If you lack the skills, - Catch draining fuel, oil, or brake fluid in suitable containers. Do
tools and equipment, or a suitable workplace for any procedure
not use
foodor beverage containers that might mislead someone
described in this manual, we suggest you leave such repairs to
into
drinking from them. Store flammable fluids away from fire
an authorized BMW dealer service department or other qualified
hazards. Wipe up spills at once, but do not store the oily rags,
shop. which can ignite and burn spontaneously.
. Do not reuse any fasteners that are worn or deformed. Many fas- Always observe good worRshop practices. Wear qoqqles when
teners are designed to be used only once and become
unreliable you operate machine tools or work with battery acid:kloves or
and mav fail when used a second time. This includes, but is not other
~rotective clothino should be worn whenever the iob re-
limited io, nuts, bolts, washers, self-locking nuts or bolts, clrclips yires' working with harmful substances.
and cotter pins. Always replace these fasteners with new parts.
Greases, lubricants and other automotive chemicals contain toxic
. Never work under a lifted car unless it is solidly supported on
substances, many of which are absorbed directly through the
stands
desiqned for the purpose. Do not supeort a car on cinder
skin. Read the manufacturer's instructions and warninos careful-
blochs, hollow tiles orotherbrops that may drurnbie undercontin-
uous toad. Never work under a car that is supported solely by a
iack. Never work under the car
while the enqine is runninq. - -
If you aregoing to work underacaron the ground, makesure that
the ground is level. Block the wheels to
keep the car from rolling.
Disconnect the battery negative
(-) terminal to prevent others
from starting the car while you are under it.
- Never run the engine unless the work area is well ventilated. Car-
bon monoxide kills.
Rings, bracelets and other jewelry should be removed so that
they cannot cause electrical shorts, get caught in running ma-
chinery, or be crushed by heavy parts.
- Tie long hair behind your head. Do not wear a necktie, a scarf.
loose clothing, or a necklace when you work near machine tools
or running engines. if your hair, clothing, or jewelry were to get
caught in the machinery, severe injury could result.
DO not attempt to
work on your car if you do not feel well. You in-
crease the
danger of injuryto yourseliand others if you are tired,
uDset or have taken medication or anv other substance that mav
keep you from being fully alert.
Illuminate your work area adequately but safely. Use a portable
iy. Use hand and eye protection. Avoid direct skin conGct.
Disconnect the battery negative (-) terminal whenever you work
on the fuel system
orthe electrical system. Do not smokeorwork
near heaters or other fire hazards. Keep an approved fire extin-
guisher handy.
. Friction materials (such as brake pads or shoes or clutch discs)
contain asbestos fibers or other friction materials. Do not create
dust by grinding, sanding, or by cleaning with compressed air.
Avoid breathing dust. Breathing any
friclion material dust can
lead to serious diseases and may result in death.
Batteries
giveoff explosive hydrogen gas during charging. Keep
sparks, lighted matches and open flame away from the top of the
battery. If hydrogen gas escaping from the cap vents is ignited, it
will ignite gas trapped in the cells and cause the battery to ex-
plode.
Connect and disconnect battery cables, jumper cables or a bat-
tery charger only wilh the ignition switched off. Do not disconnect
the battery while the engine is running.
Do not quick-charge the battery (for boost starting) for longer
than one minute. Wait at least one minute before boosting the
battery a second time.
. . safety lighiforworking lnsideor under the car. Make sure the bulb - Do not allow battery charging vollage to exceed 16.5 volts. If the
is enclosed bv a wire caoe. The hot filament of an accidentallv
batten! beoins ~roducina oas or boilino violentiv, reduce the
broken bulb can ignite spilled
fuel, vapors or oil. , - - - charglng rate. ~oostlng a sutfaled battery at a igh charging rate
can cause an
explosion.
-
Continued on next page

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine
Maintenance
The intervals for most tasks listed in the maintenance tables
below are determined by the Sll.
NOTE-
BMW is constantly upgrading recommended maintenance
procedures and requirements.
The information contained
here is as accurate as possible at the time of publication. if
there is any doubt about what procedures apply to a specific
model or year, or what intervals should be followed, remem-
ber that an authorized
BMW dealer has the latest information
on factory-recommended maintenance.
Except where noted, the maintenance items listed apply to all
models and model years covered by this manual. The num-
ber in the "additional repair information" column refers to the
repair group in this manual where additional information can
be found.
Table a.
Oil Service
I I I I I Additional
( New parts (Tools Required requrred
Under car maintenance
1 I I I I
I I - I I
Engine compartment maintenance
Check overall thickness of front and rear
bralte pads.
If replacement is necessary:
Examine
braite disc surface.
Clean brake pad contact points in calipers.
Grease wheel centering hubs.
Checlc thickness of parking braite linings
only when replacing rear brake pads.
Checlc operation of parking brake and
adjust as necessary.
spare
Table b.
Inspection I Service
I 1 I I [Additional
020
020
020
New parts Warm engrne Dealer service Irepair , /Tools Required (required (required . (recommended lnformatlon
Change oil and oil filter
Reset Service Interval indicator [Sli)
Replace interior ventilation microfilter
*
A
*
*
*
I I I I I
Undercar maintenance
Checlc engine drive belt condition 020
ri: * Change oil and oil filter. 020 *

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine
Table b. Inspection I Service (continued)
Checlt transmission and differential for
external lealts.
Check CV joint boots for damage or leaks.
Visually
check fuel tank, fuel lines, and
connections for
leaks.
New parts
Tools Required required
Check condition, position, and mounting
ol
exhaust system. Visually check and adjusl
if necessary.
Check power steering system for lealts.
Check power steering
fluid level and adjust
if necessary.
Check steering racidbox and tie rods for
tightness. Checit condition of front axle
joints, steering
linkage, and steering shaft
joints.
Check overall thickness of front and rear
bralte pads using
BMW special tool. If
replacement is necessary:
Examine brake disc surface.
Clean brake pad contact points in calipers
Grease wheel centering hubs.
Checlt thickness of parking brake linings
only when replacing rear brake shoes.
Checit operation of pariting brake and
adjust as necessary.
Checlt front control arm bushings for
damage or wear.
Check brake system connections and
lines
for leaks, damage, and incorrect
positioning Warm
engine
(~ealer service Irepair , required recommended lnformat~on
Check parking braite actuator. Adjust if
necessary
Check ail tire pressure (including spare)
and correct if necessary.
Checlt condition of tires (outer tread
surface), tread wear pattern: in case of
uneven wear, perform wheel alignment.
inspect entire body according to terms of
rust oerforation limited warrantv. (Must be
*:
4:
2 ~ perfdrmed at least every two years). I
Read out on-board diagnostic (OBD 11) fault
codes.
Checkengine coolant
system1 heater hose
connections for
leaks.
Checit coolant level and antifreeze
protection level. Add coolant as necessary.
* 100113010BD
I
170

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine
7 Maintenance
< Unbolt caliper from steering arm to properly inspect:
Brake pad thickness
(A)
Brake rotor
Condition of caliper seal
(B)
Condition of caliper slider bolts (C)
NOTE-
Brake caliper removal and installation procedures are given
in
340 Brakes.
Brake pad lining minimum thickness
Dimension
A 3.0 mm (0.12 in)
Brake system, inspecting
Routine maintenance of the brake system includes maintain-
ing the brake fluid in the reservoir,
checking bralte pads for
wear, checking parking brake function, and inspecting the
system for fluid lealts or other damage:
- Check that bralte hoses are correctly routed to avoid chafing
or
Itinking.
- lnspect unions and brake calipers for signs of fluid leaks.
- lnspect rigid lines for corrosion, dents, or other damage.
- Inspect flexible hoses for cracking
- Replace faulty hoses or lines as described in 340 Brakes.
WARNING-
Incorrect installation or overtightening hoses, lines, and
unions may cause chafing
orlealage. This can lead to partial
Parking brake, checking
The parking brake system is independent of the main braking
system and may require periodic adjustment depending on
use. Adjust the parking brake if the brake lever can be pulled
up more than
8 clicks. Check that the cable moves freely. A
description of the parking brake and
parlting bralte adjust-
ment can be found in
340 Brakes.

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine
300-1 0
/Suspension, Steering and Brakes - General
The steering system features variable power assist provided
by an engine-driven hydraulic pump.
Rack and pinion steering
6-cylinder models
(525i, 5281, 5300
Two types of steering systems are used in E39 models. 6-
cylinder (525i, 5281, 530i) models are equipped with a steer-
ing rack system. V-8
(540i) models are equipped with a re-
circulating ball and nut steering gearbox.
Rack-and-pinion steering
Steering components in 6-cylinder models consist of a rack-
and-pinion type steering gear and connecting linltage to the
road wheels.
The steering linkage connects the rack-and-pinion unit
through tie rods to the steering knucltles. The tie rod ends al-
low the wheels to pivot and react to suspension travel.
Recirculating ball and nut steering
V-8 models
(540i)
I
Recirculating ball and nut steering
Recirculating ball and nut steering in V-8 models consists of a
steering box with integrated hydraulic control valve and con-
necting linkage to the road wheels.
Thesteering linkageconnects the steering gearbox through a
pitman arm to the wheels. An idler arm maintains correct toe
angle. The tie rod allow the wheels to pivot and react to sus-
pension travel.
E39 cars are equipped with power disc brakes with integral
antilock brakes (ABS). The parking bralte is a dual-drum sys-
tem integrated with the rear brake rotors.
Power assist is provided by a vacuum booster when the en-
gine is running. The brake pedal
pushrod is connected direct-
ly to the master cylinder, so failure of the vacuum booster
does not normally result in total
bralte failure.
Each disc bralte uses a caliper with a single hydraulic cylin-
der. Brake pads in the left front and right rear contain wear
sensors. When brake pads need replacement, the sensors il-
luminate a light on the dashboard.

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine
330-1 1
Rear Suspension
Coil spring, removing and installing
Raise car and remove rear wheels.
WARNING-
Make sure the car is firmly supported on jack stands de-
signed for the purpose. Place jack stands underneath struc-
tural chassis points. Do not place jack stands under
suspension parts.
- Remove brake caliper and brake disc. Hang brake caliper
aside with stiff wire. Do not disconnect
bralte fluid hose. See
340 Brakes.
- Remove exhaust system. See 180 Exhaust System.
- Disconnect driveshafl from final drive. See 260 Driveshaft.
- Detach parking bralte cables from mounting bracltets on sub-
frame.
< Support final drive unit from below using transmission jack
and
BMW special tool 33 4 390 or equivalent.
Remove rear suspension
subframe mounting bolts (arrows).
Lower rear
subframe until coil springs can be removed.
When reinstalling springs, replace upper and lower spring
pads if necessary.
Slowly lift suspension
back into position, making sure coil
springs are correctly seated in upper and lower spring seats.
Install and tighten
subframe mounting bolts. Note that on
each bolt, rubber-coated detent plate (arrow) must be in-
stalled at rear in driving direction
- Remainder of installation is reverse of removal
Tightening torques Road wheel
to hub 12OilO Nm (89i-7 ft-lb)
Subframe to body 163 Nm (120 ft-lb)

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine
General ........................... .34 0.2
Special Tools
....................... .34 0.2
E39 brake system
.................... .34 0.4
Electronic braking and stability control
.... .34 0.4
Troubleshooting
..................... .34 0.5
Warnings and cautions
................ .34 0.7
Bleeding Brakes ................... .34 0.8
Brakes, bleeding
..................... .34 0.9
Brake Pads, Calipers and Rotors ... .34 0.1 1
Braking system components .......... .34 0.11
Brake pads,
checking and replacing ..... .34 0.12
Brake rotors, removing and installing
.... .34 0.15
Master Cylinder .................. .34 0.16
Master cylinder, removing and installing
. .34 0.17
Brake Booster .................... .349 0.1
Brake booster check valve
............ .34 0.19
Brake booster, removing and installing
.. .34 0.20
Parking Brake .................... .34 0.22
Parking brake components
............ .34 0.22
Parking
brake, adjusting .............. .34 0.22
Parking bralte shoes, removing
and installing
....................... .34 0.23
Parking
brake cable, replacing ......... .34 0.24
ABS Component Replacement ..... 340-26
Wheel speed sensor. replacing
......... 340-26
ABS impulse wheel
.................. 340-27
DSC lateral acceleration or
rotational rate (yaw) sensor. replacing
... 340-27
DSC steering angle sensor.
removing and installing
............... 340-28
DSC precharge pump.
removing and installing (1998 models)
... 340-29
DSC pressure sensor
(1 999 - 2002 models) ................ 340-30
ABS /traction electronic control
module
(1 997 -1 998 models) .......... 340-31
ABS
/ DSC control module
(1 999
- 2002 models) ................ 340-31
ABS
/ traction control hydraulic unit.
removing and installing
............... 340-31

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine
This repair group covers brake service:
Brake pads, calipers, and disks
Master cylinder, bralte booster, and parking brake
ABS
1 ASC and ABS / DSC component replacement
ABS
1 ASC and ABS 1 DSC system descriptions are covered
in
300 Suspension, Steering and Brakes - General.
Special Tools
BMW requires the use of either the DIS or the MoDiC diag-
nostic tool to safely and completely bleed the
brak~ng and
traction control systems. Read all procedures through before
beginning a job.
< Parking bralte cable adjusting tool
(Tool No. BMW 34
1 030)
4 Brake piston expander
(Tool No. BMW 34
1 050)
4 Bralte caliper bolt tool (7 mrn Allen)
(Tool No. BMW 34
1 080)
34 I 000
34 1 090 < Steel wire brush
7 (Tool No. BMW 34 1 090)

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine
E39 brake system
BMW E39 models are equipped with vacuum power-assisted
four-wheel disc brakes with an integral
Antilock Brake System
(ABS). Single-piston calipers act on vented front and rear ro-
tors. A brake pad wear sensor for each axle indicates when
brake pads need replacement. The dual drum-type parking
brake system is integrated with the rear brake rotors.
Electronic braking and stability control
E39 models were introduced with Automatic Stability Control,
a computer controlled traction control system that uses the
AB5 system in conjunction with engine management controls
to control wheel spin during take-off and maintain vehicle sta-
bility while braking.
Added in the
1998 model year was Dynamic Stability Control
(DSC). This system implements wheel speed modulation
throughout all stages of driving. For example, DSC is able to
reduce understeer by applying differing amounts of braking
force to each wheel, or it can override the engine manage-
ment system during hard cornering.
A summary of distinguishing characteristics of the various
systems is shown in the table
E39 electronic braking and
stability control systems.
For ABS, ASC and DSC system and component descriptions,
see
300 Suspension, Steering and Brakes-General.
WARNING-
A car with electronic stability control is still subject to normal
physical laws. Avoid excessive speeds for the road conditions
encountered.
E39 electronic braking and stability control systems
Year (model)
manuf. up to 911998
(528i, 540i)
manuf. from 911999
(540i optional)*
From
911 999
(ail models) System
Automatic Stability Control (ASC) Identifiers
Electronic control module next to glove compartment
Hydraulic unit in right rear of engine compartment
No precharge pump
Dynamic Stability Control
(Bosch DSC
Ill v. 5.3)
Dynamic
Stabil~ty Control
(Bosch DSC
Ill v. 5.7) Electronic
control module next to glove compartment
Hydraulic unit in right rear of engine compartment
Precharge pump in left front of engine compartment, below steering
fluid reservoir
Separate rotational rate (yaw) and lateral acceleration sensors
Control
modulelhydraulic unit in right rear of engine compartment
No precharge pump
Combined rotational rate (yaw) and lateral acceleration sensors

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine
340-6
1 Brakes
Brake system troubleshooting
/symptom I Probable cause 1 Repairs
Brake squeal
Pedal goes to floor when
bralting
Low pedal after system bleeding
Pedal spongy or brakes work
only when pedal is pumped
Excessive braking effort
Brakes pulsate, chatter or grab
Uneven
bralting, car pulls to one
side, rear braltes
loclt
Brakes drag, bind or overheat Brake
pad carriers dirty or corroded or
pads loose (poor fit) in pad carrier
Braite pads heat-glazed or oil-soaked
Wheel bearings worn (noise most
pronounced when turning)
Incorrectly Installed brake pads,
parking bralte shoes, or bralte parts
Brake fluid loss due to system leaks
Master cylinder or traction control
system faulty
Master cylinder faulty
Air in braite fluid
Master cylinder or traction control
system faulty
Brake pads wet
Brake pads
heat-glazedorfluid-soalted
Vacuum booster or vacuum hose
connections to booster faulty
--- Warped brake rotors
Brake pads worn
Brake pads heat-glazed or oil-soaked Remove
brake pads and clean calipers. Use original
equipment pads for proper fit and use BMW anti-squeal
compound during installation,
Replace brake pads. Ciean rotors. Replace leaking caliper:
as required.
Replace worn bearings. See 310 Front Suspension
or33C
Rear Suspension.
Check component installation. Checldreplace anti-rattle
springs.
Checlt fluid level and inspect for signs of leakage.
Replace master cylinder. Diagnose traction control system
using factory or compatible diagnostic tool.
Replace master cylinder.
Bleed system using factory or compatible diagnostic tool.
Replace master cylinder. Diagnose traction control system
using factory or compatible diagnostic tool.
Use light pedal pressure to dry pads while driving.
Replace
bralte pads and rotors. Replace leaking calipers.
lnspect vacuum lines. Test vacuum booster and replace as
required. Test vacuum non-return valve for one-way flow.
Resurface or replace rotors.
Replace brake pads.
Clean rotors. Replace leaiting calipers.
Incorrect tire pressures or worn tires
Brake pads on one side of car heat-
glazed or fluid-soaked
Caliper or brake pads binding
Worn suspension components
Brake caliper or brake pads binding
Master cylinder or traction control
system faulty lnspect
tire condition. Checlt and correct tire pressures.
Replace brake pads. Clean rotors. Replace leaking
calipers.
Clean and recondition brakes.
Inspect for worn or damaged suspension components. See
310 Front Suspension or 330 Rear Suspension.
Ciean or replace caliper.
Replace master cylinder. Diagnose traction control system
using faclory or compatible diagnostic tool.