automatic transmission BUICK REGAL 2018 Owner's Guide

Buick Regal Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-2nd Timed Print-U.S./Canada-
11486030) - 2018 - crc - 3/23/18
Vehicle Care 319
of recreational vehicle towing are
known as dinghy towing and dolly
towing. Dinghy towing is towing the
vehicle with all four wheels on the
ground. Dolly towing is towing the
vehicle with two wheels on the
ground and two wheels up on a
device known as a dolly.
Here are some important things to
consider before recreational vehicle
towing:
.What is the towing capacity of
the towing vehicle? Be sure to
read the tow vehicle
manufacturer's
recommendations.
. What is the distance that will be
traveled? Some vehicles have
restrictions on how far and how
long they can tow.
. Is the proper towing equipment
going to be used? See your
dealer or trailering professional
for additional advice and
equipment recommendations. .
Is the vehicle ready to be
towed? Just as preparing the
vehicle for a long trip, make sure
the vehicle is prepared to be
towed.
Dinghy Towing
Caution
If the vehicle is towed with all four
wheels on the ground, the
drivetrain components could be
damaged. The repairs would not
be covered by the vehicle
(Continued)
Caution (Continued)
warranty. Do not tow the vehicle
with all four wheels on the
ground.
Vehicles with an automatic
transmission should not be towed
with all four wheels on the ground.
If the vehicle must be towed, a dolly
should be used. See the information
on dolly towing later in this section.
Dinghy Towing from the Rear

Buick Regal Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-2nd Timed Print-U.S./Canada-
11486030) - 2018 - crc - 3/23/18
Service and Maintenance 333
.Visually inspect exhaust system
and nearby heat shields for
loose or damaged parts.
. Lubricate body components. See
Exterior Care 0321.
. Check starter switch. See Starter
Switch Check 0261.
. Check automatic transmission
shift lock control function. See
Automatic Transmission Shift
Lock Control Function Check
0261.
. Check parking brake and
automatic transmission park
mechanism. See Park Brake and
P (Park) Mechanism Check
0 261.
. Check accelerator pedal for
damage, high effort, or binding.
Replace if needed.
. Visually inspect gas strut for
signs of wear, cracks, or other
damage. Check the hold open
ability of the strut. If the hold
open is low, service the gas
strut. See Gas Strut(s) 0263. .
Check tire sealant expiration
date, if equipped.
See Tire Sealant and
Compressor Kit 0296 orTire
Sealant and Compressor Kit
0 302.
. Inspect sunroof track and seal,
if equipped. See Sunroof057.

Buick Regal Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-2nd Timed Print-U.S./Canada-
11486030) - 2018 - crc - 3/23/18
336 Service and Maintenance
Maintenance Schedule
Additional Required
Services - Severe12 000 km/7,500 mi
24 000 km/15,000 mi
36 000 km/22,500 mi
48 000 km/30,000 mi
60 000 km/37,500 mi
72 000 km/45,000 mi
84 000 km/52,500 mi
96 000 km/60,000 mi
108 000 km/67,500 mi
120 000 km/75,000 mi
132 000 km/82,500 mi
144 000 km/90,000 mi
156 000 km/97,500 mi
168 000 km/105,000 mi 180 000 km/112,500 mi
192 000 km/120,000 mi
204 000 km/127,500 mi
216 000 km/135,000 mi
228 000 km/142,500 mi
240 000 km/150,000 mi
Rotate tires and perform Required Services.
Check engine oil level and oil life percentage.
Change engine oil and filter, if needed.@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @
Replace passenger compartment air filter. (1)@ @@@@@
Inspect evaporative control system. (2)@ @@
Replace engine air cleaner filter. (3)@@@
Change automatic transmission fluid.@@@
2.0L Engine: Replace spark plugs. Inspect spark
plug wires.@ @
3.6L Engine: Replace spark plugs. Inspect spark
plug wires.@
Drain and fill engine cooling system. (4)@
Visually inspect accessory drive belts. (5)@
Replace brake fluid. (6)
Footnotes—Maintenance
Schedule Additional Required
Services - Severe
(1) Or every two years, whichever
comes first. More frequent
passenger compartment air filter
replacement may be needed if driving in areas with heavy traffic,
poor air quality, high dust levels,
or environmental allergens.
Passenger compartment air filter
replacement may also be needed if
there is reduced airflow, window
fogging, or odors. Your GM dealer
can help determine when to replace
the filter.
(2)
Visually check all fuel and vapor
lines and hoses for proper
attachment, connection, routing, and
condition.

Buick Regal Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-2nd Timed Print-U.S./Canada-
11486030) - 2018 - crc - 3/23/18
340 Service and Maintenance
Recommended Fluids, Lubricants, and Parts
Recommended Fluids and Lubricants
UsageFluid/Lubricant
Automatic Transmission (MRC 8-Speed Transmission) DEXRON AW-1 Automatic Transmission Fluid (GM Part No. 19256039, in
Canada 19256040).
Automatic Transmission (M3D and M3T 9-Speed Transmissions) DEXRON-VI Automatic Transmission Fluid.
Engine Oil Engine oil meeting the dexos1 specification of the proper SAE viscosity
grade. ACDelco dexos1 full synthetic is recommended. See Engine Oil
0 247.
Engine Coolant 50/50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and use only DEX-COOL Coolant.
See Cooling System 0252.
Hood Latch Assembly, Secondary Latch, Pivots, Spring Anchor, and
Release Pawl Lubriplate Lubricant Aerosol (GM Part No. 89021668, in
Canada 89021674) or lubricant meeting requirements of NLGI #2,
Category LB or GC-LB.
Hydraulic Brake System DOT 4 Hydraulic Brake Fluid (GM Part No. 19299570, in Canada 19299571).
Key Lock Cylinders, Hood and Door Hinges Multi-Purpose Lubricant, Superlube (GM Part No. 12346241, in
Canada 10953474).
Weatherstrip Conditioning Weatherstrip Lubricant (GM Part No. 3634770, in Canada 10953518) or equivalent.
Windshield Washer Automotive windshield washer fluid that meets regional freeze protection requirements.

Buick Regal Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-2nd Timed Print-U.S./Canada-
11486030) - 2018 - crc - 3/23/18
Technical Data 345
Engine Specifications
EngineVIN CodeTransmission Spark Plug Gap
2.0L L4 Engine (LTG) XAutomatic 0.75–0.90 mm (0.030–
0.035 in)
3.6L V6 Engine (LGX) SAutomatic 0.80–0.90 mm (0.031–
0.035 in)
Engine Drive Belt Routing
2.0L L4 Engine
3.6L V6 Engine

Buick Regal Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-2nd Timed Print-U.S./Canada-
11486030) - 2018 - crc - 3/23/18
OnStar 369
equipment may interfere with the
operation of the OnStar system and
cause it to not operate.
Vehicle Software Updates
OnStar or GM may remotely deliver
software updates or changes to the
vehicle without further notice or
consent. These updates or changes
may enhance or maintain safety,
security, or the operation of the
vehicle or the vehicle systems.
Software updates or changes may
affect or erase data or settings that
are stored in the vehicle, such as
OnStar Hands-Free Calling name
tags, saved navigation destinations,
or pre-set radio stations. Neither
OnStar nor GM is responsible for
any affected or erased data or
settings. These updates or changes
may also collect personal
information. Such collection is
described in the OnStar privacy
statement or separately disclosed at
the time of installation. These
updates or changes may also cause
a system to automatically
communicate with GM servers to
collect information about vehiclesystem status, identify whether
updates or changes are available,
or deliver updates or changes. An
active OnStar agreement constitutes
consent to these software updates
or changes and agreement that
either OnStar or GM may remotely
deliver them to the vehicle.
Privacy
The complete OnStar Privacy
Statement may be found at
www.onstar.com (U.S.),
or www.onstar.ca (Canada). We
recommend that you review it. If you
have any questions, call
1-888-4ONSTAR (1-888-466-7827)
or press
Qto speak with an
Advisor. Users of wireless
communications are cautioned that
the privacy of any information sent
via wireless cellular communications
cannot be assured. Third parties
may unlawfully intercept or access
transmissions and private
communications without consent.
OnStar - Software
Acknowledgements
Certain OnStar components include
libcurl and unzip software and other
third party software. Below are the
notices and licenses associated with
libcurl and unzip and for other third
party software please see http://
opensource.lge.com/index
www.onstar.com/us/en/
libcurl:
COPYRIGHT AND PERMISSION
NOTICE
Copyright (c) 1996 - 2010, Daniel
Stenberg, .
All rights reserved.
Permission to use, copy, modify,
and distribute this software for any
purpose with or without fee is
hereby granted, provided that the
above copyright notice and this
permission notice appear in all
copies.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED
“AS IS,” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR

Buick Regal Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-2nd Timed Print-U.S./Canada-
11486030) - 2018 - crc - 3/23/18
Index 373
Armrest Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Assistance Program,Roadside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Assistance Systems for Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Assistance Systems for Parking and Backing . . . . . . . . . . 214
Automatic Door Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Forward Braking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Headlamp System . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Transmission Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Automatic Transmission Manual Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Shift Lock Control FunctionCheck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
B
BatteryExterior Lighting Battery
Saver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Load Management . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Power Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Battery - North America . . . . 260, 315
Blade Replacement, Wiper . . . . . 262
Brake Parking, Electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Brake (cont'd)
System Warning Light . . . . . . . . 135
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Antilock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Braking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Automatic Forward . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Braking System
Front Pedestrian (FPB) . . . . . . . 220
Break-In, New Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . 186
Bulb Replacement Fog Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Front Turn Signal Lamps . . . . . 266
Halogen Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Headlamp Aiming . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Headlamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
High Intensity Discharge(HID) Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Taillamps, Turn Signal, Stoplamps, and Back-up
Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Buying New Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
C
Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
California Fuel Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . 228 California (cont'd)
Perchlorate Materials
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
California
Proposition
65 Warning . . . . . . . . . .241, 260, 315, Back Cover
Canadian Vehicle Owners . . . . . . . . 2
Capacities and Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
Carbon Monoxide Engine Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Liftgate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Winter Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Cargo Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
Tie-Downs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115
Caution, Danger, and Warning . . . . 2
Chains, Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Charging
Wireless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Charging System Light . . . . . . . . . 132
Check Engine Light (MalfunctionIndicator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Child Restraints Infants and Young Children . . . . . 93

Buick Regal Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-2nd Timed Print-U.S./Canada-
11486030) - 2018 - crc - 3/23/18
Index 375
Driving (cont'd)Drunk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
For Better Fuel Economy . . . . . . . 28
Hill and Mountain Roads . . . . . . 180
If the Vehicle is Stuck . . . . . . . . . 182
Loss of Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Off-Road Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Vehicle Load Limits . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Wet Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Winter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Dual Automatic Climate Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
E
Electric Parking Brake . . . . . . . . . . 198
Electric Parking Brake Light . . . . 135
Electrical Equipment,Add-On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Electrical System
Engine Compartment FuseBlock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Fuses and Circuit Breakers . . . 268
Instrument Panel Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Overload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Emergency OnStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Engine
Air Cleaner/Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Check Light (Malfunction
Indicator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Compartment Overview . . . . . . . 244
Coolant Temperature Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Coolant Temperature Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Drive Belt Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Oil Life System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Oil Pressure Light . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Overheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Power Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Running While Parked . . . . . . . . 194
Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Entry Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Equipment, Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Event Data Recorders . . . . . . . . . . 358
Exit Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Extended Parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Extender, Seat Belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Exterior Lamp Controls . . . . . . . . . 159 Exterior Lamps Off Reminder . . . 160
Exterior Lighting Battery
Saver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
F
FeaturesMemory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Filter, Engine Air Cleaner . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Flashers, Hazard Warning . . . . . . 162
Flat Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 Changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Floor Mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Fluid Automatic Transmission . . . . . . 250
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Washer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Fog Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Folding Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Forward Automatic Braking . . . . . 219
Forward Collision Alert
(FCA) System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Frequency Statement Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
Front Fog Lamp Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Buick Regal Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-2nd Timed Print-U.S./Canada-
11486030) - 2018 - crc - 3/23/18
380 Index
RoofSunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Rotation, Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Routing, Engine Drive Belt . . . . . . 345
Running the Vehicle While Parked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
S
Safety Defects ReportingCanadian Government . . . . . . . . 357
General Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
U.S. Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
Safety Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Safety System Check . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Scheduling Appointments . . . . . . . 352
Sealant Kit, Tire . . . . . . . . . . . 296, 302
Seat Belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Extender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
How to Wear Seat BeltsProperly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Lap-Shoulder Belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Reminders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Replacing after a Crash . . . . . . . . 78
Use During Pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . 77
Seats
Adjustment, Front . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Head Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Seats (cont'd)
Heated and Ventilated Front . . . . 69
Lumbar Adjustment, Front . . . . . . 63
Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Power Adjustment, Front . . . . . . . 63
Rear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Reclining Seatbacks . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Seats and Restraints Pedestrian Protection
System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Securing Child Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 106
Security Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
OnStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Vehicle Alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Selective Ride Control . . . . . . . . . . 203
Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Accessories andModifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Doing Your Own Work . . . . . . . . 242
Maintenance Records . . . . . . . . 342
Maintenance, General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
Parts Identification Label . . . . . 343
Publications Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 Service (cont'd)
Scheduling Appointments . . . . . 352
Service Electric Parking Brake Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Services Special Application . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Servicing the Airbag . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Shift Lock Control Function Check, Automatic
Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Shifting Into Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Out of Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Side Blind Zone Alert (SBZA) . . . 223
Signals, Turn and
Lane-Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Spare Tire Compact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Special Application Services . . . . 337
Specifications and Capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
Speedometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
StabiliTrak OFF Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Start Assist, Hill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Start Vehicle, Remote . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Starter Switch Check . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Starting the Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Buick Regal Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-2nd Timed Print-U.S./Canada-
11486030) - 2018 - crc - 3/23/18
382 Index
Traction (cont'd)Off Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Selective Ride Control . . . . . . . . 203
Traction Control/Electronic
Stability Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Trailer Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Transmission Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Fluid, Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Transportation Program, Courtesy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Turn and Lane-Change Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Turn Signal Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
U
Uniform Tire Quality Grading . . . 291
Universal Remote System . . . . . . 155Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Using This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
V
Vehicle Alarm System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Canadian Owners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Vehicle (cont'd)
Identification Number (VIN) . . . 343
Load Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Personalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Remote Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Speed Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Vehicle Ahead Indicator . . . . . . . . 136
Vehicle Care Storing the TireSealant and
Compressor Kit . . . . . . . . 308, 309
Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Vehicle Data Recording and Privacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
Ventilation, Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Visors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
W
Warning
Brake System Light . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Caution and Danger . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Lane Departure (LDW) . . . . . . . 225
Warning Lights, Gauges, and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Warnings
Hazard Flashers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Washer Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Wheels Alignment and Tire Balance . . 292
Different Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
When It Is Time for New Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Where to Put the Restraint . . . . . . 97
Wi-Fi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Windshield Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Wiper/Washer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
Winter Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Winter Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Wiper Blade Replacement . . . . . . 262
Wipers Rear Washer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
Wireless Charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121