brake CADILLAC SEVILLE 1993 4.G Service Manual

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine ----
.
What’s the worst time for this? “Wet ice.” Very cold snow or ice can be
slick and hard to drive on. But wet ice can be
even more trouble because
it may offer the least traction
of all. You can get “wet ice” when it’s about
freezing
(32°F; O’C) and freezing rain begins to fall. Try to avoid driving
on wet ice until salt and sand crews can get there.
Whatever the condition
-- smooth ice, packed, blowing or loose snow --
drive with caution. Accelerate gently. Try not to break the fragile traction.
If you accelerate too fast, the drive wheels
will spin and polish the surface
under the tires even more.
Your anti-lock brakes improve your ability to make a hard stop on a
slippery road. Even though you have the anti-lock braking system, you’ll
want to begin stopping sooner than you would on dry pavement. See
“Anti-lock” in the Index.
Allow greater following distance on any slippery road.
0 Watch for slippery spots. The road might be fine until you hit a spot
that’s covered with ice.
On an otherwise clear road, ice patches may
appear
in shaded areas where the sun can’t reach: around clumps of
trees,
behind buildings, or under bridges. Sometimes the surface of a
curve or an overpass may remain icy when the surrounding roads are
clear. If you see a patch of ice ahead of you, brake before
you are on
it. Try not to brake while you’re actually on the ice, and avoid sudden
steering maneuvers.
210
....

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine TOWNG A TRAlrLER
A CAUTION:
If you don’t use the correct equipment and drive properly, you
can lose control when you pull
a trailer. For example, if the
trailer is too heavy, the brakes may not work well
-- or even at
all. You and your passengers could be seriously injured. Pull a
trailer only if you have followed all the steps in this section.
Load-pulling components such as the engine, transaxle, wheel assemblies,
and tires are forced
to work harder against the drag of the added weight.
The engine is required to operate at relatively higher speeds and under
greater loads, generating extra heat. What’s more, the trailer adds
considerably to wind resistance, increasing the pulling requirements.
All
of that means changes in:
e Handling
Durability
Fuel economy
If You Do Decide To Pull A Trailer
If you do, here are some important points.
There are many different laws having to do with trailering. Make sure
your rig
will be legal, not only where you live but also where you’ll be
driving. A good source for this information can be state or provincial
police.
213

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine Safety Chains
You should always attach chains between your vehicle and your trailer.
Cross the safety chains under the tongue
of the trailer so that the tongue
will not drop to the road if it becomes separated from the hitch. Follow
the manufacturer's recommendation for attaching safety chains. Always
leave just enough slack
so you can turn with your rig. And, never allow
safety chains to drag
on the ground.
Trailer Brakes
Does your trailer have its own brakcs'? He sure IO read and follow thc
instructions for the trailer brakes so you'll he ilblc to ir~ i~lI, ;rcliw an3
maintain them properly.
Driving with a Trailer
Towing a trailer requires a certain amount of experience. Before setting
out for the open road, you'll want to get to
know your rig. Acquaint
yourself with the feel of handling and braking with the added weight of
the trailer. And always keep
in mind that the vehicle you are driving is
now a good deal longer and not nearly so responsive as your vehicle is by
itself.
Before you start, check the trailer hitch and platform, safety chains,
electrical connector, lights, tires and mirror adjustment. If the trailer has
electric brakes, start your vehicle and trailer moving and then apply the
trailer brake controller by hand
to be sure the brakes are working. This
lets
you check your electrical connection at the same time.
During your trip, check occasionally to be sure that the load is secure,
and that the lights and any trailer brakes are still working.
216
L -4
c
L-
L-
C

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine Driving On Grades
Reduce speed and shift to a lower gear before you start down a long or
steep downgrade. If you don’t shift down,
you might have to use your
brakes
so much that they would get hot and no longer work well.
On a long uphill grade, shift down and reduce your speed to around
45
mph (70 km/h) or less to reduce the possibility of engine and transaxle
overheating.
If your trailer weighs more than 1,000 pounds (450 Kg) and you have an
automatic transaxle with Overdrive, you may want to drive
in “3” instead
of Overdrive
Parking on Hills
You really should not park your vehicle, with a trailer attached, on a hill.
If something goes wrong, your rig could start to move. People can be
injured, and both your vehicle and the trailer can be damaged.
But if
you ever have to park your rig on a hill, here’s bow to do it:
1. Apply your regular brakes, but don’t shift into “P” (Park) yet.
2. Have someone place chocks under the trailer wheels.
3. When the wheel chocks are in place, release the regular brakes until
the chocks absorb the load.
4. Reapply the regular brakes. Then shift into “P” (Park) firmly and
apply your parking brake.
5. Release the regular brakes.
When You Are Ready to Leave Afler Parking on a Hill
1. Apply your regular brakes and hold the pedal down while you:
Start your engine;
Shift into a gear; and
Be sure the parking brake has released.
2. Let up on the brake pedal.
3. Drive slowly until the trailer is clear of the chocks.
c
4. Stop and have someone pick up and store the chocks.
218

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine Maintenance when Trailer Towing
Your vehicle will need service more often when you’re pulling a trailer.
See the Maintenance Schedule for more on this. Things that are
especially important
in trailer operation are automatic transaxle fluid
(don’t overfill), engine oil, axle lubricant, belts, cooling system, and brake
adjustment. Each
of these is covered in this manual, and the Index will
help you find them quickly. If you’re trailering, it’s a good idea to review
these sections before you start your trip.
Check periodically to see that all hitch nuts and bolts are tight.
219

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine 2. Get the vehicles close enough so the jumper cables can reach, but be
sure the vehicles aren’t touching each other. If they are, it could cause
a ground connection you don’t want.
You wouldn’t be able to start
your Cadillac, and the bad grounding could damage the electrical
systems.
A CAUTION:
You could be injured if the vehicles roll. Set the parking brake
firmly
on each vehicle. Put an automatic transaxle in “P”
(Park).
3. Turn off the ignition on both vehicles. lbrn off all lights that aren’t
needed, and radios. This will avoid sparks and help
save both
batteries. And it could
save your radio!
4. Open the hoods and locate the batteries:
A CAUTION:
An electric fan can start up even when the engine is not running
and can injure you. Keep hands, clothing and tools away
from
any underhood electric fan.
Find the positive (+) and negative (-) terminals on each battery.
224
I
I
I
I
I
I

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine A CAUTION:
To help avoid injury to you or others:
Never let passengers ride in a vehicle that is being towed.
Never tow faster than safe or posted speeds.
Never tow with damaged parts not fully secured.
Never get under your vehicle after it has been lifted by the
tow truck.
Always use separate safety chains on each side when towing a
vehicle.
Never use '3" hooks. Use T-hooks instead.
When your vehicle is being towed, have the ignition key off. The steering
wheel should be clamped
in a straight-ahead position, with a clamping
device designed
for towing service. Do not use the vehicle's steering
column lock for this. The transaxle should be
in Neutral and the parking
brake released.
23 1

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine . : 4. Put the cap back on
the coolant
surge
tank.
5. Start the engine and as the engine runs the coolant will circulate
through the cooling system. Any air that was introduced while adding
coolant
will purge itself and rise to the top of the surge tank. If the
“ENGINE COOLANT
LOW” message does not appear on the
Driver Information Center, coolant is at the proper
fill level. If an
“ENGINE
COOLANT LOW” message does appear, repeat steps 1
through 4 or see your dealer.
IFA TIRE GOES FLAT
It’s unusual for a tire to “blow out” while you’re driving, especially if you
maintain your tires properly. If air goes out of a tire, it’s much more likely
to leak out slowly. But if you should ever have a “blowout,” here are a
few tips about what to expect and what
to do:
If a front tire fails, the flat tire will create a drag that pulls the vehicle
toward that side. Take your foot off the accelerator pedal and grip the
steering
wheel firmly. Steer to maintain lane position, then gently brake
to a stop
well out of the traffic lane.
A rear blowout, particularly on a curve, acts much like a skid and may
require the same correction you’d use in a skid. In any rear blowout,
remove your foot from the accelerator pedal. Get the
vehicle under
control by steering the way you want the vehicle to
go. It may be very
bumpy and noisy, but you can still steer. Gently brake to a stop,
well off
the road if possible.
3
249

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine If your tire goes flat, the next section shows how to use your jacking
equipment
to change a flat tire safely.
CHANGING A FLAT TIRE
If a tire goes flat, avoid further tire and wheel damage by driving slowly to
a level place. Turn on your hazard warning flashers.
A CAUTION:
Changing a tire can cause an injury. The vehicle can slip off the
jack and ro11 over you or other people. You and they could be
badly injured. Find a level place
to change your tire. To help
prevent the vehicle from moving:
1. Put the shift lever in “P” (Park).
2. Set the parking brake firmly.
3. lhrn off the engine.
To be even more certain the vehicle won’t move, you can put
chocks
at the front and rear of the tire farthest away from the
one being changed. That would be the tire
on the other side of
the vehicle, at the opposite end.
250
.-
_-
I
u
L.

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine A CAUTION:
Storing a jack, a tire or other equipment in the passenger
compartment
of the vehicle could cause injury. In a sudden stop
or collision, loose equipment could strike someone. Store all
these in the proper place.
COMPACT SPARE TIRE
Although the compact spare was fully inflated when your vehicle was
new, it can lose air after a time. Check the inflation pressure regularly. It
should be
60 psi (420 kPa). The compact spare is made to go up to 3,000
miles (5000 km), so you can finish your trip and have your full-size tire
repaired or replaced where you want. Of course, it’s best to replace your
spare with a full-size tire as
soon as you can. Your spare will last longer
and be
in good shape in case you need it again.
Your anti-lock brake system warning light may come on when you are
driving with a compact spare. See “Anti-Lock Brake System Warning
Light” in the Index.
258
I