wheel bolt torque DODGE RAM 1500 1998 2.G Repair Manual

OPERATION
The converter impeller (Fig. 123) (driving member),
which is integral to the converter housing and bolted
to the engine drive plate, rotates at engine speed.
The converter turbine (driven member), which reacts
from fluid pressure generated by the impeller, rotates
and turns the transmission input shaft.
TURBINE
As the fluid that was put into motion by the impel-
ler blades strikes the blades of the turbine, some of
the energy and rotational force is transferred into the
turbine and the input shaft. This causes both of them
(turbine and input shaft) to rotate in a clockwise
direction following the impeller. As the fluid is leav-
ing the trailing edges of the turbine's blades it con-
tinues in a ªhinderingº direction back toward the
impeller. If the fluid is not redirected before it strikes
the impeller, it will strike the impeller in such a
direction that it would tend to slow it down.
STATOR
Torque multiplication is achieved by locking the
stator's over-running clutch to its shaft (Fig. 124).
Under stall conditions (the turbine is stationary), the
oil leaving the turbine blades strikes the face of the
stator blades and tries to rotate them in a counter-
clockwise direction. When this happens the over-run-ning clutch of the stator locks and holds the stator
from rotating. With the stator locked, the oil strikes
the stator blades and is redirected into a ªhelpingº
direction before it enters the impeller. This circula-
tion of oil from impeller to turbine, turbine to stator,
and stator to impeller, can produce a maximum
torque multiplication of about 2.4:1. As the turbine
begins to match the speed of the impeller, the fluid
that was hitting the stator in such as way as to
cause it to lock-up is no longer doing so. In this con-
dition of operation, the stator begins to free wheel
and the converter acts as a fluid coupling.
TORQUE CONVERTER CLUTCH (TCC)
In a standard torque converter, the impeller and
turbine are rotating at about the same speed and the
stator is freewheeling, providing no torque multipli-
cation. By applying the turbine's piston and friction
material to the front cover, a total converter engage-
ment can be obtained. The result of this engagement
is a direct 1:1 mechanical link between the engine
and the transmission.
The clutch can be engaged in second, third, fourth,
and fifth (if appicable) gear ranges depending on
overdrive control switch position. If the overdrive
control switch is in the normal ON position, the
clutch will engage after the shift to fourth gear. If the
Fig. 123 Torque Converter Fluid Operation - Typical
1 - APPLY PRESSURE 3 - RELEASE PRESSURE
2 - THE PISTON MOVES SLIGHTLY FORWARD 4 - THE PISTON MOVES SLIGHTLY REARWARD
DRAUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION - 45RFE/545RFE 21 - 403
TORQUE CONVERTER (Continued)

TRANSFER CASE - NV243
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page page
TRANSFER CASE - NV243
DESCRIPTION........................482
OPERATION..........................483
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - TRANSFER
CASE - NV243.......................483
REMOVAL............................484
DISASSEMBLY........................484
CLEANING...........................493
INSPECTION.........................493
ASSEMBLY...........................496
INSTALLATION........................505
SPECIFICATIONS
TRANSFER CASE - NV243.............505
SPECIAL TOOLS
TRANSFER CASE - NV243.............506
EXTENSION HOUSING SEAL
REMOVAL............................507
INSTALLATION........................507FLUID
STANDARD PROCEDURE - FLUID DRAIN AND
REFILL............................507
FRONT OUTPUT SHAFT SEAL
REMOVAL............................507
INSTALLATION........................508
MODE SENSOR
DESCRIPTION........................509
OPERATION..........................509
SELECTOR SWITCH
DESCRIPTION........................510
OPERATION..........................510
SHIFT MOTOR
DESCRIPTION........................511
OPERATION..........................511
REMOVAL............................511
INSTALLATION........................511
TRANSFER CASE - NV243
DESCRIPTION
The NV243 is an electronically controlled part-time
transfer case with a low range gear reduction system.
The NV243 has three operating ranges plus a NEU-
TRAL position. The low range system provides a gear
reduction ratio for increased low speed torque capa-
bility.
The geartrain is mounted in two aluminum case
halves attached with bolts. The mainshaft front and
rear bearings are mounted in aluminum retainer
housings bolted to the case halves.
OPERATING RANGES
Transfer case operating ranges are:
²2WD (2-wheel drive)
²4HI (4-wheel drive)
²4LO (4-wheel drive low range)
²NEUTRAL
The 2WD range is for use on any road surface at
any time.The 4HI and 4LO ranges are for off road use only.
They are not for use on hard surface roads. The only
exception being when the road surface is wet or slip-
pery or covered by ice and snow.
The low range reduction gear system is operative
in 4LO range only. This range is for extra pulling
power in off road situations. Low range reduction
ratio is 2.72:1.
SHIFT MECHANISM
Operating ranges are selected with a dash
mounted shift selector switch. The shift selector
switch provides a input to the Transfer Case Control
Module (TCCM) to indicate the driver's desire to
change operating ranges. The TCCM uses this input,
along with input from the transfer case mounted
mode sensor and information from the vehicle's bus,
to determine if a shift is permitted. If the TCCM
decides the shift is permitted, the TCCM controls the
shift motor, mounted to the exterior of the transfer
case, to perform the shift.
21 - 482 TRANSFER CASE - NV243DR

TRANSFER CASE - NV244 GENII
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page page
TRANSFER CASE - NV244 GENII
DESCRIPTION........................512
OPERATION..........................513
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - TRANSFER
CASE - NV244.......................513
REMOVAL............................514
DISASSEMBLY........................514
CLEANING...........................523
INSPECTION.........................523
ASSEMBLY...........................525
INSTALLATION........................534
SPECIFICATIONS
TRANSFER CASE - NV244 GENII........535
SPECIAL TOOLS
TRANSFER CASE - NV244 GENII........535
EXTENSION HOUSING SEAL
REMOVAL............................536
INSTALLATION........................536FLUID
STANDARD PROCEDURE - FLUID DRAIN AND
REFILL............................537
FRONT OUTPUT SHAFT SEAL
REMOVAL............................537
INSTALLATION........................538
MODE SENSOR
DESCRIPTION........................538
OPERATION..........................539
SELECTOR SWITCH
DESCRIPTION........................539
OPERATION..........................540
SHIFT MOTOR
DESCRIPTION........................541
OPERATION..........................541
REMOVAL............................541
INSTALLATION........................541
TRANSFER CASE - NV244
GENII
DESCRIPTION
The NV244 GENII is an electronically controlled
full and part-time transfer case with no two wheel
drive operation.
A differential in the transfer case is used to control
torque transfer to the front and rear axles. A low
range gear reduction system provides increased low
speed torque capability for off road operation. The
low range provides a 2.72:1 reduction ratio.
The geartrain is mounted in two aluminum case
halves attached with bolts. The mainshaft front and
rear bearings are mounted in aluminum retainer
housings bolted to the case halves.
OPERATING RANGES
NV244 GENII operating ranges are:
²AWD(All-Wheel Drive)
²4HI (Part-time)
²4LO
²NEUTRAL
The AWD mode can be used at any time and on
any road surface.The 4HI (Part-time) and 4LO ranges are for off
road use only. The only time these ranges can be
used is when the road surface is covered with snow,
ice, or other loose slippery material.
SHIFT MECHANISM
Operating ranges are selected with a dash
mounted shift selector switch. The shift selector
switch provides a input to the Transfer Case Control
Module (TCCM) to indicate the driver's desire to
change operating ranges. The TCCM uses this input,
along with the input from the transfer case mounted
mode sensor and information from the vehicle's bus,
to determine if a shift is permitted. If the TCCM
decides the shift is permitted, the TCCM controls the
shift motor, mounted to the exterior of the transfer
case, to perform the shift.
21 - 512 TRANSFER CASE - NV244 GENIIDR

TRANSFER CASE - NV273
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page page
TRANSFER CASE - NV273
DESCRIPTION........................542
OPERATION..........................543
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - TRANSFER
CASE - NV273.......................543
REMOVAL............................544
DISASSEMBLY........................544
CLEANING...........................554
INSPECTION.........................554
ASSEMBLY...........................556
INSTALLATION........................568
SPECIFICATIONS
TRANSFER CASE - NV273.............568
SPECIAL TOOLS
TRANSFER CASE NV271/NV273.........569
EXTENSION HOUSING SEAL AND DUST BOOT
REMOVAL............................571
INSTALLATION........................571FLUID
STANDARD PROCEDURE - FLUID DRAIN AND
REFILL............................571
FRONT OUTPUT SHAFT SEAL
REMOVAL............................572
INSTALLATION........................572
MODE SENSOR
DESCRIPTION........................573
OPERATION..........................573
SELECTOR SWITCH
DESCRIPTION........................574
OPERATION..........................574
SHIFT MOTOR
DESCRIPTION........................575
OPERATION..........................575
REMOVAL............................575
INSTALLATION........................575
TRANSFER CASE - NV273
DESCRIPTION
The NV273 is an electronically controlled part-time
transfer case with a low range gear reduction system.
The NV273 has three operating ranges plus a NEU-
TRAL position. The low range system provides a gear
reduction ratio for increased low speed torque capa-
bility.
The geartrain is mounted in two aluminum case
halves attached with bolts. The mainshaft front and
rear bearings are mounted in aluminum case halves.
OPERATING RANGES
Transfer case operating ranges are:
²2WD (2-wheel drive)
²4HI (4-wheel drive)
²4LO (4-wheel drive low range)
²NEUTRAL
The 2WD range is for use on any road surface at
any time.The 4HI and 4LO ranges are for off road use only.
They are not for use on hard surface roads. The only
exception being when the road surface is wet or slip-
pery or covered by ice and snow.
The low range reduction gear system is operative
in 4LO range only. This range is for extra pulling
power in off road situations. Low range reduction
ratio is 2.72:1.
SHIFT MECHANISM
Operating ranges are selected with a dash
mounted shift selector switch. The shift selector
switch provides a input to the Transfer Case Control
Module (TCCM) to indicate the driver's desire to
change operating ranges. The TCCM uses this input,
along with input from the transfer case mounted
mode sensor and information from the vehicle's bus,
to determine if a shift is permitted. If the TCCM
decides the shift is permitted, the TCCM controls the
shift motor, mounted to the exterior of the transfer
case, to perform the shift.
21 - 542 TRANSFER CASE - NV273DR

STANDARD PROCEDURE
STANDARD PROCEDURE - WHEEL
REPLACEMENT
The wheel studs and nuts are designed for specific
applications. They must be replaced with equivalent
parts. Do not use replacement parts of lesser quality
or a substitute design. All aluminum and some steel
wheels have wheel stud nuts which feature an
enlarged nose. This enlarged nose is necessary to
ensure proper retention of the aluminum wheels.
NOTE: Do not use chrome plated lug nuts with
chrome plated wheels.
Before installing the wheel, be sure to remove any
build up of corrosion on the wheel mounting surfaces.
Ensure wheels are installed with good metal-to-metal
contact. Improper installation could cause loosening
of wheel nuts (Fig. 21). This could affect the safety
and handling of your vehicle.
To install the wheel, first position it properly on
the mounting surface (Fig. 21). All wheel nuts should
then be tightened just snug. Gradually tighten them
in sequence to the proper torque specification, (Fig.
22) (Fig. 23).Never use oil or grease on studs or
nuts.
Wheels must be replaced if they have:
²Excessive runout
²Bent or dented
²Leak air through welds
²Have damaged bolt holes
Wheel repairs employing hammering, heating, or
welding are not allowed.Original equipment wheels are available through
your dealer. Replacement wheels from any other
source should be equivalent in:
²Load carrying capacity
²Diameter
²Width
²Offset
²Mounting configuration
Failure to use equivalent replacement wheels may
affect the safety and handling of your vehicle.
Replacement withusedwheels is not recommended.
Their service history may have included severe treat-
ment.
STANDARD PROCEDURE - DUAL REAR WHEEL
INSTALLATION
Dual rear wheels use a special heavy duty lug nut
wrench. It is recommended to remove and install
dual rear wheels only when the proper wrench is
available. The wrench is also use to remove wheel
Fig. 21 WHEEL INSTALLATION 8-LUG SHOWN
1 - CENTER CAP
2 - LUG NUT
3 - TIRE/WHEEL ASSEMBLY
4 - WHEEL STUDS
Fig. 22 8-LUG TIGHTENING PATTERN
Fig. 23 TYPICAL 6 - LUG NUT TIGHTENING
PATTERN
22 - 12 TIRES/WHEELSDR
WHEELS (Continued)