wheel torque FIAT 500L 2016 2.G Owners Manual

DRIVING ON SLIPPERY SURFACES .........291
▫ Acceleration ........................ .291
▫ Traction ........................... .291
 DRIVING THROUGH WATER .............292
▫ Flowing/Rising Water ..................292
▫ Shallow Standing Water .................292
 ELECTRIC POWER STEERING .............294
 PARKING BRAKE ..................... .294
 BRAKE SYSTEM ...................... .296
 ELECTRONIC BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM . . . .297
▫ Four-Wheel Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) . . .297
▫ Brake Assist System (BAS) ...............298
▫ Traction Control System (TCS) ............299▫
Hill Start Assist (HSA) .................299
▫ Dynamic Steering Torque (DST) ...........300
▫ Electronic Stability Control (ESC) ..........301
▫ ESC Activation/Malfunction Indicator Light And
ESC OFF Indicator Light ................302
▫ Electronic Roll Mitigation (ERM) ..........305
 TIRE SAFETY INFORMATION .............306
▫ Tire Markings ....................... .306
▫ Tire Identification Number (TIN) ...........310
▫ Tire Terminology And Definitions ..........311
▫ Tire Loading And Tire Pressure ...........313
 TIRES — GENERAL INFORMATION ........318
▫ Tire Pressure ....................... .318
262 STARTING AND OPERATING

ELECTRONIC BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM
Your vehicle is equipped with a advanced electronic
brake control system that includes the Anti-Lock Brake
System (ABS), Brake Assist System (BAS), Traction Con-
trol System (TCS), Hill Start Assist (HSA), Dynamic
Steering Torque (DST), and Electronic Stability Control
(ESC). All systems work together to enhance vehicle
stability and control in various driving conditions and
are commonly referred to as ESC.
Four-Wheel Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS)
The Four-Wheel ABS is designed to aid the driver in
maintaining vehicle control under adverse braking con-
ditions. The system operates with a separate computer to
modulate hydraulic pressure, to prevent wheel lock-up
and to help avoid skidding on slippery surfaces.
The system’s pump motor runs during an ABS stop to
provide regulated hydraulic pressure. The pump motor
makes a low humming noise during operation, which is
normal.The ABS includes an amber ABS Warning Light. When
the light is illuminated, the ABS is not functioning. The
system reverts to standard non-anti-lock brakes. Turning
the ignition Off and On again may reset the ABS if the
fault detected was only momentary.
WARNING!
•
Pumping the Anti-Lock Brakes will diminish their
effectiveness and may lead to a collision. Pumping
makes the stopping distance longer. Just press
firmly on your brake pedal when you need to slow
down or stop.
• The Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) cannot prevent
the natural laws of physics from acting on the
vehicle, nor can it increase braking or steering
efficiency beyond that afforded by the condition of
the vehicle brakes and tires or the traction afforded.
(Continued)
5
STARTING AND OPERATING 297

WARNING!
•The Brake Assist System (BAS) cannot prevent the
natural laws of physics from acting on the vehicle,
nor can it increase the traction afforded by prevail-
ing road conditions.
• The BAS cannot prevent collisions, including those
resulting from excessive speed in turns, driving on
very slippery surfaces, or hydroplaning.
• The capabilities of a BAS-equipped vehicle must
never be exploited in a reckless or dangerous
manner which could jeopardize the user ’s safety or
the safety of others.
Traction Control System (TCS)
The Traction Control System (TCS) monitors the amount
of wheel spin of each of the driven wheels. If wheel spin
is detected, brake pressure is applied to the slipping wheel(s) and engine power is reduced to provide en-
hanced acceleration and stability. A feature of the TCS
system, Brake Limited Differential (BLD), functions simi-
lar to a limited slip differential and controls the wheel
spin across a driven axle. If one wheel on a driven axle is
spinning faster than the other, the system will apply the
brake of the spinning wheel. This will allow more engine
torque to be applied to the wheel that is not spinning.
This feature remains active even if TCS and ESC are in
the Partial Off mode or Full Off mode. Refer to “Elec-
tronic Stability Control (ESC)” in this section for further
information.
Hill Start Assist (HSA)
The HSA system is designed to assist the driver when
starting a vehicle from a stop on a hill. HSA will maintain
the level of brake pressure the driver applied for a short
period of time after the driver takes his foot off the brake
pedal. If the driver does not apply the throttle during this
5
STARTING AND OPERATING 299

In critical situations (braking with different grip condi-
tions), through the DST function the ESC system controls
the steering to implement an additional torque contribu-
tion on the steering wheel, to suggest the most correct
manoeuvre to the driver.
The coordinated action of brakes and steering increases
the safety and vehicle control feeling.
NOTE:The DST is a driving aid system and does not
replace the driver’s actions while driving the vehicle.
Electronic Stability Control (ESC)
This system enhances directional control and stability of
the vehicle under various driving conditions. ESC cor-
rects for oversteering or understeering of the vehicle by
applying the brake of the appropriate wheel to assist in
counteracting the oversteering or understeering condi-
tion. Engine power may also be reduced to help the
vehicle maintain the desired path. ESC uses sensors in
the vehicle to determine the vehicle path intended by the driver and compares it to the actual path of the vehicle.
When the actual path does not match the intended path,
ESC applies the brake of the appropriate wheel to assist
in counteracting the oversteer or understeer condition.
•
Oversteer - when the vehicle is turning more than
appropriate for the steering wheel position.
• Understeer - when the vehicle is turning less than
appropriate for the steering wheel position.
WARNING!
• The Electronic Stability Control (ESC) cannot pre-
vent the natural laws of physics from acting on the
vehicle, nor can it increase the traction afforded by
prevailing road conditions. ESC cannot prevent all
accidents, including those resulting from excessive
speed in turns, driving on very slippery surfaces, or
(Continued)
5
STARTING AND OPERATING 301

WHAT TO DO IN EMERGENCIES
CONTENTS
HAZARD WARNING FLASHERS ...........349
 IF YOUR ENGINE OVERHEATS ............349
 WHEEL AND TIRE TORQUE
SPECIFICATIONS ..................... .350
▫ Torque Specifications ...................351
 TIRE SERVICE KIT ..................... .352
 JACKING AND TIRE CHANGING — IF
EQUIPPED .......................... .357
▫ Jack Location ....................... .358
▫ Spare Tire Removal ....................359 ▫
Preparations For Jacking ................360
▫ Jacking Instructions ...................360
▫ Spare Tire Stowage ....................364
 JUMP-STARTING PROCEDURE ............365
▫ Preparations For Jump-Start ..............366
▫ Jump-Starting Procedure ................367
 FREEING A STUCK VEHICLE .............370
 SHIFT LEVER OVERRIDE ................371
 TOWING A DISABLED VEHICLE ...........373
▫ Manual Transmission ...................374
6

supplement to the radiator and aids in removing heat
from the engine cooling system.
CAUTION!
Driving with a hot cooling system could damage
your vehicle. If the pointer rises to the H (red) mark,
the instrument cluster will sound a chime. When
safe, pull over and stop the vehicle with the engine at
idle. Turn off the air conditioning and wait until the
pointer drops back into the normal range. If the
pointer remains on the H (red) mark for more than a
minute, turn the engine off immediately and call for
service.
WARNING!
You or others can be badly burned by hot engine
coolant (antifreeze) or steam from your radiator. If
you see or hear steam coming from under the hood,
do not open the hood until the radiator has had time
to cool. Never try to open a cooling system pressure
cap when the radiator or coolant bottle is hot.
WHEEL AND TIRE TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
Proper lug nut/bolt torque is very important to ensure
that the wheel is properly mounted to the vehicle. Any
time a wheel has been removed and reinstalled on the
vehicle the lug nuts/bolts should be torqued using a
properly calibrated torque wrench.
350 WHAT TO DO IN EMERGENCIES

Torque Specifications
Lug Nut/Bolt Torque **Lug Nut/Bolt SizeLug Nut/
Bolt Socket Size
63 Ft-Lbs (86 N·m)
Steel Wheels Only
89 Ft-Lbs (120 N·m) Aluminum Wheels Only M12 x 1.25 17 mm
**Use only your Authorized Dealer recommended lug
nuts/bolts and clean or remove any dirt or oil before
tightening. Inspect the wheel mounting surface prior to mounting
the tire and remove any corrosion or loose particles.
Wheel Mounting Surface
6
WHAT TO DO IN EMERGENCIES 351

Tighten the lug nuts/bolts in a star pattern until each
nut/bolt has been tightened twice.
After 25 miles (40 km) check the lug nut/bolt torque to be
sure that all the lug nuts/bolts are properly seated
against the wheel.WARNING!
To avoid the risk of forcing the vehicle off the jack,
do not tighten the lug nuts fully until the vehicle has
been lowered. Failure to follow this warning may
result in personal injury.
TIRE SERVICE KIT
If a tire is punctured, you can make a first emergency
repair using the Tire Service Kit located in the rear
storage area under the cargo floor.
Torque Patterns
352 WHAT TO DO IN EMERGENCIES

WARNING!
•To avoid the risk of forcing the vehicle off the jack,
do not tighten the lug nuts fully until the vehicle
has been lowered. Failure to follow this warning
may result in personal injury.
• To avoid possible personal injury, handle the
wheel covers with care to avoid contact with any
sharp edges.
9. Lower the vehicle to the ground by turning the jack handle counterclockwise.
10. Finish tightening the wheel bolts. Push down on the wrench while at the end of the handle for increased
leverage. Tighten the wheel bolts in a star pattern
until each wheel bolt has been tightened twice. Refer
to Torque Specifications in this section for proper lug
nut torque. If in doubt about the correct tightness, have them checked with a torque wrench by your
authorized dealer or at a service station.
11. Stow the jack, tools and flat tire.
WARNING!
A loose tire or jack thrown forward in a collision or
hard stop could endanger the occupants of the ve-
hicle. Always stow the jack parts and the spare tire in
the places provided. Have the deflated (flat) tire
repaired or replaced immediately.
Spare Tire Stowage
Rotate the jack wrench tool on the winch drive nut
clockwise (the flat tire must not be connected to the
winch) until effort becomes heavy and an audible click is
heard indicating the winch is properly stowed.
364 WHAT TO DO IN EMERGENCIES