sensors FORD KUGA 2011 1.G Owner's Manual

Description
Item
Anti-theft alarm system horn with
integrated battery (right-hand drive
vehicles)
12 Description
Item
13 Switch for deactivation of interior scanning
sensors (right-hand drive vehicles) G1066074en
2008.50 Kuga 8/2011 419-01A-3
Anti-Theft - Active
419-01A-3
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Anti-Theft - Active – Overview
The function of the anti-theft alarm system
components can be checked using the GEM's
service mode.
If an exact diagnosis is not possible using the
service mode, a system diagnosis must be carried
out with the Ford diagnostic unit. The last four
trigger signals from the anti-theft alarm signal can
also be read out during this process.
Function check - Intrusion sensors
Activate the anti-theft alarm system is check the
function of the intrusion sensors. After a waiting
time of approx. 30 seconds, perform movements
on both sides of the vehicle interior through the
open side windows. Each movement that is
detected is acknowledged through triggering of the
anti-theft alarm system.
G1065778en
2008.50 Kuga 8/2011 419-01A-4
Anti-Theft - Active
419-01A-4
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Description
Item
High speed CAN (controller area network)
bus (HS-CAN)
1
DLC (data link connector)
2
Medium speed CAN bus (MS-CAN)
3
Instrument cluster (gateway)
4
GEM5
Hood contact switch
6
Folding rear window contact switch
7
Liftgate contact switch
8
Door ajar switch in all four doors
9
Switch for deactivation of interior scanning
sensors (right-hand drive vehicles)
10
Interior scanning sensorsRefer to Component Description: (page
?)
11 Description
Item
Driver's door set/reset switch
12
Driver's door door module
13
Keyless vehicle module (KVM)
14
RF receiver
15
Radio remote control
16
Anti-theft alarm system signal horn
(left-hand drive vehicles)
17
Anti-theft alarm system horn with
integrated battery (right-hand drive
vehicles)Refer to Component Description:
Anti-theft alarm horn with integral battery
(page ?)
18
Hazard warning lights
19
System Operation
Anti-theft warning system
Three anti-theft alarm systems are available,
depending on the market and model version:
• The system with perimeter monitoring detects whenever the doors, the hood, the folding rear
window and the liftgate are opened.
• The system with perimeter and interior monitoring in addition detects unauthorised
access, for example, through a broken window.
• A Thatcham category I anti-theft alarm system (mainly for the British market) is fitted with a
horn that has its own battery power supply; it
also uses slightly different detection strategies.
The anti-theft alarm system outputs an acoustic
and visual signal if unauthorised persons attempt
to gain access to the vehicle.
As a visual warning, the system switches on the
hazard warning lights, whilst the acoustic warning
is done with the anti-theft alarm system horn or the
horn with its own battery power supply.
When the ignition is switched off, the anti-theft
alarm system is activated 20 seconds after any
latch is activated, i.e. the hood, all doors, the
folding rear window and the liftgate are alarmed,
provided that they are fully closed. If the hood, one of the doors, the folding rear
window or the liftgate is not completely closed, it
can be opened without the alarm being triggered
since the system was not activated.
The anti-theft alarm system can be switched off by
unlocking the vehicle either via the remote controls
or the door lock.
NOTE:
To switch off the alarm on a Thatcham
category I anti-theft alarm system, the ignition must
be switched on within 12 seconds of the door being
unlocked with the key.
If the folding rear window or the liftgate is opened
via the remote control, the anti-theft alarm system
blocks the trigger for the alarm system or the
interior monitoring (if fitted) for 20 seconds after
closing.
NOTE: If a window is not fully closed, there is a
risk that a false alarm will be triggered. G1065780en
2008.50 Kuga 8/2011 419-01A-6
Anti-Theft - Active
419-01A-6
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Component Description
Interior scanning sensors
The interior monitoring is an additional security
system that triggers the alarm if unauthorised
access to the vehicle is detected in the area of the
windows.
The transceivers work ultrasonically. The
transmitter transmits at a specific frequency into
the monitoring area. The receiver receives the
corresponding echo signal. Here, the signals are
converted into digital values and compared with
the values from the signals received previously. If
there are significant differences between the two,
a trigger signal is sent to the GEM.
As the period during which no movement is
detected increases, so the sensitivity of the sensors
increases.
Anti-theft alarm horn with integral battery
A special horn is installed for vehicles that have to
comply with the Thatcham category I (CAT 1)
insurance standard. This horn has its own voltage
supply from an integrated battery. This ensures that the alarm horn will still be
powered even if the vehicle battery has been
disconnected.
G1065780en
2008.50 Kuga 8/2011 419-01A-7
Anti-Theft - Active
419-01A-7
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FORD KUGA 2011.0MY WORKSHOP REPAIR MANUALE100495 E100563

Wheels and Tires – Overview
Tire/wheel rim combinations
The following tire/wheel rim combinations are
available:
• 235/60 R16 V – 6.5X16 (*)
• 235/55 R17 V – 7.0X17 (*)
• 235/55 R17 V – 7.5X17 (*)
• 235/50 R18 V – 7.5X18
• 235/45 R19 V – 8.0X19
(*) Also available as tires with run-flat capabilities.
Use of snow chains
Snow chains are only approved for use with size
235/60R16 tires.
Fine chains with a link thickness of 10mm may be
used at speeds of up to 50 km/h (please refer to
the manufacturer's instructions).
Coarser chains with a link thickness of 11 to 14
mm may be used at speeds of up to 40 km/h
(please refer to the manufacturer's instructions).
Tire repair kit
If the tires used do not have run-flat properties then
the vehicle will be equipped with a tire repair kit.
A tire repair kit is located in the spare wheel well
in the luggage compartment.
The tire repair kit consists of:
• a compressor with a pressure gauge,
• a lead for voltage supply via the cigar lighter,
• an air hose,
• tire sealant.
A tire filled with tire sealant must be replaced with
a new tire after 200 km at the latest. Read and
observe the instructions regarding the tire low
pressure sensors (see lesson 4 – Tire pressure
monitoring system).
Instructions on handling and using the tire repair
kit can be found in a separate operating manual
that is enclosed with the tire repair kit.
G1000249en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
204-04-3
Wheels and Tires
204-04- 3
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Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) – Overview
Description of operation
The tire pressure monitoring system is able to
detect loss of air in a tire at an early stage and warn
the driver. Because it can only compare the
behavior of the tires with each other, it is not
possible to draw conclusions about the absolute
tire pressure. It is also not possible to monitor the
spare tire pressure. In order for the system to
operate correctly, the tire pressures must be
regularly checked and corrected and the system
subsequently initialized (see below).
The tire pressure monitoring system used here,
depending on the equipment level, is built into the
anti-lock braking system (ABS) as an extra function
and therefore does not have its own sensors.
The ABS module determines the loss of pressure
in the tires by calculation using the wheel speed
sensors of the ABS system. If a tire loses pressure,
its diameter decreases and the speed of the wheel
therefore increases. If the ABS module detects
such a loss in pressure, it sends a signal to the
instrument cluster via the CAN bus and a warning
message is displayed in the driver information
system. The warning threshold depends among
other things on the dimension of the tires being
used, the vehicle operating conditions and the
status at the last initialization. Since neither the
absolute tire pressure nor the position of the tire is
known, after a tire pressure warning the pressure
of all the tires must be checked and the system
re-initialized. If necessary, the cause of the loss of
pressure must be investigated.
Furthermore, regular pressure checks are
necessary. The system must be initialized after a
tire is changed, winter or summer tires fitted, the
pressures corrected or adjusted to suit the vehicle
load. This can be done by the driver using the
driver information system. For further information,
see: Owner’s Manual.
G1001290en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
204-04-5
Wheels and Tires
204-04- 5
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Front wheel sensor
E96823
The ABS sensor rings are built into the seals in the
front wheel bearings. The wheel sensors are joined
to the main wiring harness using a separate
connecting cable.
Rear wheel sensor
E96824
4X4:The ABS sensor rings are pressed onto the
rear drive shafts. The wheel sensors are joined to
the main wiring harness using a separate
connecting cable.
4X2: The ABS sensor rings are built into the hubs
of the rear wheel bearings. When installing a
replacement bearing, ensure that the new part is
aligned correctly. The wheel sensors are joined to
the main wiring harness using a separate
connecting cable.
Opto-electronic steering wheel rotation
sensor
E80158
G1001303en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
206-09B- 5
Anti-Lock Control - Stability Assist
206-09B- 5
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Description
Item
Battery
1
Battery junction box (BJB) in the engine
compartment
2
Generic electronic module (GEM)
3
Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
4
Instrument cluster
5
Data link connector (DLC)
6
Steering Wheel Rotation Sensor
7
ABS/ESP module or hydraulic control unit
(HCU)
8Description
Item
Combined yaw rate sensor and lateral
acceleration sensor / longitudinal
acceleration sensor
9
Front wheel sensor
10
Rear wheel sensor
11
Rear wheel sensor
12
Front wheel sensor
13
ESP switch
14
Rear brakes
15
Front brake
16
The ABS monitors the different wheel speeds of
the vehicle with the aid of wheel speed sensors.
Using the data from all of the wheel speed sensors,
the ABS module calculates the so-called reference
speed, which is a measure of the actual road
speed. The ABS module compares the individual
circumferential wheel speeds with this reference
speed when the driver initiates braking. If one or
more of the circumferential wheel speeds deviates
too far from the reference speed, this means that
slip at the affected wheels is so great that steering
stability of the vehicle is no longer ensured. The
ABS module actuates electro-mechanical valves
which influence the brake pressure at the relevant
wheels.
Like the traction control system (TCS), the ESP
system uses a large proportion of the ABS
components. In addition, there are sensors which
pick up the steering angle, the acceleration forces
acting on the vehicle and the yaw rate or yaw
moment. The sensors transmit these signals to the
combined ABS/ESP module. Using the wheel
speed and steering angle data, the ABS/ESP
module calculates the direction of travel planned
by the driver and determines the corresponding
speed-dependent lateral acceleration and yaw
moment. These values are compared with those
actual measured. If the actual lateral acceleration
and the yaw moment deviate excessively from the
target values (unstable driving characteristics), the
ABS/ESP module actuates individual brakes
selectively via the HCU (hydraulic control unit). In
addition, the engine speed is reduced by
intervention in the engine management system.
How the system works for understeer: In the
event of understeer, brake intervention occurs at
the wheels on the inside of the curve. The rear
wheel is braked heavily, so that a high amount of slip is caused. In this way, the cornering force of
the rear axle is heavily reduced and the centrifugal
force that now becomes effective turns the rear of
the vehicle back into the curve. The front wheel is
not braked as hard. The braking force that is
transmitted via the front wheel to the road surface
generates a torque with the aid of the lever arm
(vertical tire force to the vehicle's centre of gravity),
which supports the yaw moment of the vehicle.
Both measures together result in the vehicle
reverting back to the curved path intended by the
driver.
How the system works for oversteer:
In the
event of oversteer the wheels on the outside of the
curve are braked. This time, the front wheel is
subjected to a high level of slip so that the
cornering force at the front axle is reduced. The
rear wheel is not braked as heavily and, together
with the effective lever arm, results in a reduction
in the vehicle yaw moment. Both measures
together result in the vehicle being stabilized and
reverting back to the curved path intended by the
driver.
If ESP control occurs, possible ABS interventions
will be overridden as the ESP works at higher slip
rates than the ABS.
Emergency brake assist (EBA): The emergency
brake assist helps drivers in emergency braking
situations by automatically applying the brakes with
the maximum possible braking force.
If the brake pedal is pressed very suddenly, the
ABS module increases the hydraulic pressure to
all of the brakes until the threshold for ABS
intervention is reached. This applies the maximum
braking effort for the available traction. The ABS
control unit monitors inputs from the brake pedal
switch and from the pressure sensor within the
G1001304en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
206-09B- 10
Anti-Lock Control - Stability Assist
206-09B- 10
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HCU to check for sudden actuation of the brakes.
With the brake pedal pressed, the ABS module
triggers emergency braking if the rate of increase
of hydraulic pressure exceeds the predetermined
limit.
If the brake pedal is pressed so hard that the ABS
becomes active on the front wheels then the ABS
control unit increases the pressure to the rear
wheel brakes up to the ABS intervention threshold.
EBA operation continues until the driver releases
the brake pedal sufficiently for the hydraulic
pressure in the HCU to drop below a threshold
value stored in the ABS module.
Trailer stability control:If the vehicle is ordered
with a trailer coupling then the Trailer Stability
Control function is integrated in the ESP. The ESP
detects snaking when driving with a trailer and
reduces the speed of the vehicle and trailer through
adapted braking and, if necessary, by also reducing
the engine output until the snaking movement of
the trailer is corrected.
Roll-over protection: The ESP dynamically
determines the tipping tendency of the vehicle and
works in conjunction with the EBA system to
prevent the vehicle from tipping over during
dynamic maneuvers like lane changing or while
negotiating bends.
Emergency brake light: The emergency brake
light automatically switches on the hazard flasher
system to warn drivers of other vehicles that
emergency braking is being initiated. Based on a
defined delay value, the ABS/ESP module sends
a signal to the generic electronic module (GEM)
via the CAN data bus. The GEM activates the
hazard flasher system, that then flashes 7 times.
Prerequisites for activation of the emergency brake
light are:
• The speed is higher than 50 km/h.
• The brake pedal is being actuated.
• The deceleration is greater than 9 m/s².
To prevent activation on snow or ice, for example,
the following prerequisites must be met:
• The speed is higher than 50 km/h.
• The brake pedal is being actuated.
• ABS regulation takes place.
• The deceleration is greater than 6 m/s².
Tire pressure monitoring system: The tire
pressure monitoring system used in the Kuga is
able to detect loss of air in a tire at an early stage
and warn the driver. Because it can only compare
the behaviour of the tyres with each other, it is not possible to draw conclusions about the absolute
tyre pressure. It is also not possible to monitor the
spare tyre pressure. In order for the system to
operate correctly, the tyre pressures must be
regularly checked and corrected and the system
subsequently initialised (see below).
The tire pressure monitoring system used here,
depending on the equipment level, is built into the
anti-lock braking system (ABS) as an extra function
and therefore does not have its own sensors.
The ABS module measures the loss of pressure
in the tyres by calculation using the wheel speed
sensors of the ABS system. If a tyre loses
pressure, its diameter decreases and the speed of
the wheel therefore increases. If the ABS module
detects such a loss in pressure, it sends a signal
to the instrument cluster via the CAN bus and a
warning message is displayed in the message
centre. The warning threshold depends among
other things on the dimension of the tyres being
used, the vehicle operating conditions and the
status at the last initialisation. Since neither the
absolute tyre pressure nor the position of the tyre
is known, the pressure of all the tyres must be
checked and the system re-initialised after a tyre
pressure warning. If necessary, the cause of the
loss of pressure must be investigated.
Regular tyre pressure checks are still necessary.
The system must be initialised after a tyre is
changed, winter or summer tyres fitted, the
pressures corrected or adjusted to suit the vehicle
load. This can be done by the driver using the
driver information system. For further information,
see: Owner’s Manual.
Component Description
Opto-electronic steering wheel rotation
sensor
E80158
G1001304en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
206-09B-
11
Anti-Lock Control - Stability Assist
206-09B- 11
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The opto-electronic steering wheel rotation sensors
use light barriers for contactless scanning of a
segment disk which is connected fixedly to the
steering shaft.
E54014
1
23
4
Description
Item
Segment disk
1
Photoelectric barrier
2
Electronics
3
Electrical connection
4
Use is made of opto-electronic types of sensors
with relative and absolute steering angle sensing.
For relative steering angle sensing, changes in the
steering angle are measured exclusively by the
sensor and transmitted to the ABS/ESP module.
With the aid of other vehicle status signals (e.g.
wheel speed sensors) the module calculates the
straight ahead position of the steering. For absolute
steering angle sensing, the sensor transmits a
specific signal to the module for each steering
angle position (in relation to one turn of the steering
wheel). The straight ahead position of the steering
is therefore defined in the sensor. On an absolute
steering angle sensor, several photoelectric barrier
modules are distributed around the segment disk
at varying distances. The gaps between segments
of the segment disk are also unequal. For each specific steering angle there is therefore a specific
switch status of all photoelectric barriers.
ABS/ESP module or hydraulic control unit
(HCU)
E97648
1
2
3
Description
Item
ABS Pump Motor
1
Valve block (with low-pressure
accumulators)
2
ABS module
3
The HCU comprises the ABS module, the valve
block (with low-pressure accumulators) and the
ABS pump.
The valve block combines all of the brake pressure
control valves in one unit. Depending on the
system, either simple changeover valves or
proportioning valves (e.g. on EBD (electronic brake
force distribution) systems) are installed. The
low-pressure accumulators store the brake fluid
that is returned from the wheel brakes during the
pressure reduction phase until it is drawn back into
the system by the ABS pump.
The ABS pump is designed as a dual piston pump.
This means that two separate pump elements
assure an increase in brake pressure during control
interventions. A direct current motor drives the
pump pistons via an eccentric shaft.
The ABS/ESP module monitors the input signals
of all sensors and actuates the electro-magnetic
brake pressure valves and the ABS pump as
required. For reasons of safety, the module is of
the redundant type, whereby processing of the
signals is carried out via two separate processors
that also monitor each other.
G1001304en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
206-09B- 12
Anti-Lock Control - Stability Assist
206-09B- 12
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