seat memory GMC ACADIA 2013 Owner's Manual

Black plate (1,1)Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual - 2013 - crc2 - 12/11/12
In Brief 1-1
In Brief
Instrument Panel
Instrument Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Initial Drive Information
Initial Drive Information . . . . . . . . 1-4
Remote Keyless Entry (RKE)System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Remote Vehicle Start . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Door Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Liftgate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Seat Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Memory Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Second Row Seats . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Third Row Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Heated and Ventilated Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Head Restraint Adjustment . . . . 1-9
Safety Belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10 Passenger Sensing
System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
Mirror Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
Steering Wheel Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
Interior Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
Exterior Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13
Windshield Wiper/Washer . . . . 1-13
Climate Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14
Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
Vehicle Features
Radio(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16
Satellite Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
Portable Audio Devices . . . . . . 1-18
Bluetooth
®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18
Steering Wheel Controls . . . . . 1-18
Cruise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19
Infotainment System . . . . . . . . . 1-19
Ultrasonic Parking Assist . . . . 1-19
Power Outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19
Universal Remote System . . . 1-20
Sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20
Performance and Maintenance
StabiliTrak®System . . . . . . . . . 1-21
Tire Pressure Monitor . . . . . . . . 1-21
Engine Oil Life System . . . . . . 1-21
Driving for Better Fuel Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22
Roadside Assistance Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-23
OnStar
®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-23

Black plate (8,1)Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual - 2013 - crc2 - 12/11/12
1-8 In Brief
Memory Features
If available, the controls on the
driver door are used to program and
recall memory settings for the driver
seat, outside mirrors, and power
steering column (if equipped).
SeeMemory Seats on page 3‑6 and
Vehicle Personalization on
page 5‑41.
Second Row Seats
The second row seat can be folded
to access the third row. Pull the
sliding seat lever forward; the seat
cushion folds, and the seat slides
forward.
See Rear Seats on page 3‑9.
Third Row Seats
The third row seatbacks can be
folded forward, and the seats can
be removed. To fold the third row seatback:
1. Remove anything on or under
the seat.
2. Disconnect the rear safety beltmini-latch using a key in the slot
on the mini-buckle, and let the
belt retract into the headliner.
Stow the mini-latch in the holder
in the headliner.

Black plate (1,1)Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual - 2013 - crc2 - 12/11/12
Seats and Restraints 3-1
Seats and
Restraints
Head Restraints
Head Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Front Seats
Seat Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Power Seat Adjustment . . . . . . . 3-4
Lumbar Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Reclining Seatbacks . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Memory Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Heated and Ventilated FrontSeats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
Rear Seats
Rear Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Third Row Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Safety Belts
Safety Belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
How to Wear Safety BeltsProperly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 Lap-Shoulder Belt . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16
Safety Belt Use During
Pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
Safety Belt Extender . . . . . . . . . 3-22
Safety System Check . . . . . . . . 3-22
Safety Belt Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
Replacing Safety Belt System Parts after a Crash . . . . . . . . . 3-22
Airbag System
Airbag System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23
Where Are the Airbags? . . . . . 3-25
When Should an AirbagInflate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27
What Makes an Airbag Inflate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28
How Does an Airbag
Restrain? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28
What Will You See after an Airbag Inflates? . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-29
Passenger Sensing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30
Servicing the Airbag-Equipped Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-34 Adding Equipment to the
Airbag-Equipped Vehicle . . . 3-35
Airbag System Check . . . . . . . . 3-36
Replacing Airbag System Parts after a Crash . . . . . . . . . 3-36
Child Restraints
Older Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-37
Infants and Young
Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-39
Child Restraint Systems . . . . . 3-41
Where to Put the Restraint . . . 3-43
Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children (LATCH
System) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-44
Replacing LATCH System Parts After a Crash . . . . . . . . . 3-51
Securing Child Restraints (Rear Seat) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-51
Securing Child Restraints (Front Passenger Seat) . . . . 3-53

Black plate (6,1)Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual - 2013 - crc2 - 12/11/12
3-6 Seats and Restraints
To recline the seatback:
1. Lift the lever.
2. Move the seatback to thedesired position, and then
release the lever to lock the
seatback in place.
3. Push and pull on the seatback to make sure it is locked.
To return the seatback to the upright
position:
1. Lift the lever fully without applying pressure to the
seatback, and the seatback will
return to the upright position. 2. Push and pull on the seatback to
make sure it is locked.
Power Reclining Seatbacks
To adjust a power seatback,
if equipped:
.Tilt the top of the control
rearward to recline.
.Tilt the top of the control forward
to raise.
Memory Seats
If available, the controls on the
driver door are used to program and
recall memory settings for the driver
seat, outside mirrors, and power
steering column (if equipped).

Black plate (7,1)Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual - 2013 - crc2 - 12/11/12
Seats and Restraints 3-7
Storing Memory Positions
To save into memory:
1. Adjust the driver seat andseatback recliner, both outside
mirrors, and the power steering
column (if equipped).
Not all vehicles will have the
ability to save and recall the
mirror positions.
2. Press and hold “1”until
two beeps sound.
3. Repeat for a second driver position using “2.”
To recall, press and release “1”or
“2.” The vehicle must be in P (Park).
A single beep will sound. The seat,
outside mirrors, and power steering
column (if equipped) will move to
the positions previously stored for
the identified driver. Memory Remote Recall
The memory feature can recall the
driver seat, outside mirrors, and
power steering column (if equipped)
to stored positions when entering
the vehicle.
To activate, unlock the driver door
with the Remote Keyless
Entry (RKE) transmitter. The driver
seat, outside mirrors, and power
steering column (if equipped) will
move to the memory positions
associated with the transmitter used
to unlock the vehicle.
This feature is turned on or off using
the vehicle personalization menu.
See
Vehicle Personalization on
page 5‑41.
To stop recall movement, press one
of the power seat controls, memory
buttons, power mirror buttons, or the
power steering column control (if
equipped).
If something has blocked the driver
seat and/or steering column while
recalling a memory position, the recall may stop. Remove the
obstruction; then press and hold the
appropriate manual control for the
memory item that is not recalling for
two seconds. Try recalling the
memory position again by pressing
the appropriate memory button.
If the memory position is still not
recalling, see your dealer for
service.
Easy Exit Driver Seat
The easy exit feature can move the
driver seat rearward and the power
steering column (if equipped) up
and forward to allow extra room to
exit the vehicle.
S(Easy Exit Positions):
Press to
activate the recall. The vehicle must
be in P (Park).
If this feature is programmed on in
the vehicle personalization menu,
automatic driver seat and power
steering column movement occur
when the ignition key is removed.

Black plate (47,1)Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual - 2013 - crc2 - 12/11/12
Instruments and Controls 5-47
To select a setting, press the set/
reset button while the desired
setting is displayed on the DIC.
EASY EXIT SEAT
If your vehicle has this feature, it
allows you to select your preference
for the automatic easy exit seat
feature. SeeMemory Seats on
page 3‑6 for more information.
Press the customization button until
EASY EXIT SEAT appears on the
DIC display. Press the set/reset
button once to access the settings
for this feature. Then press the
customization button to scroll
through the following settings:
OFF (default): No automatic seat
exit recall will occur.
ON: The driver seat will move back
when the key is removed from the
ignition. The steering column will
also move up and forward on
vehicles with the power tilt and
telescopic steering feature. See
Steering Wheel Adjustment on
page 5‑2 for more information. The automatic easy exit seat
movement will only occur one time
after the key is removed from the
ignition. If the automatic movement
has already occurred, and you put
the key back in the ignition and
remove it again, the seat and
steering column will stay in the
original exit position, unless a
memory recall took place prior to
removing the key again.
NO CHANGE:
No change will be
made to this feature. The current
setting will remain.
To select a setting, press the set/
reset button while the desired
setting is displayed on the DIC.
MEMORY SEAT RECALL
If your vehicle has this feature, it
allows you to select your preference
for the remote memory seat recall
feature. See Memory Seats on
page 3‑6 for more information. Press the customization button until
MEMORY SEAT RECALL appears
on the DIC display. Press the set/
reset button once to access the
settings for this feature. Then press
the customization button to scroll
through the following settings:
OFF (default):
No remote memory
seat recall will occur.
ON: The driver seat and outside
mirrors will automatically move to
the stored driving position when the
unlock button on the Remote
Keyless Entry (RKE) transmitter is
pressed. The steering column will
also move on vehicles with the
power tilt and telescopic steering
feature. See Steering Wheel
Adjustment on page 5‑2 for more
information. See “Memory Remote
Recall” underMemory Seats on
page 3‑6 for more information on
matching transmitters to driver
positions.
NO CHANGE: No change will be
made to this feature. The current
setting will remain.

Black plate (35,1)Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual - 2013 - crc2 - 12/11/12
Vehicle Care 10-35
Fuse Side
The vehicle may not be equipped
with all of the fuses, relays, and
features shown. Fuses Usage
# GMC NON HID = Lo Beam
)GMC NON HID =
High Shutter
) )Chevy = Fog
Lamps
) ) )Buick China =
Rear Fog Lamp
AIRBAG Airbag
AMP AmplifierBCK
UP/STOP Back-up Lamp/
Stoplamp
BCM Body Control Module
CNSTR VENT Canister Vent
CTSY Courtesy Lamps
DR LCK Door Locks Fuses Usage
DRL/
LO BEAM Daytime Running
Lamps Relay/Low
Beam Headlamps
Relay
DSPLY Display
EMPTY Empty
FRT WSW Front Windshield Washer
HTD/
COOL SEAT Heated/Cooling
Seats
HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air
Conditioning
INADV PWR INT LAMPS Inadvertent Power/
Interior Light Pipe
Lamps
INFOTMNT/ MSM Infotainment/
Memory Seat
Module
LT TRN SIG Driver Side Turn Signal

Black plate (4,1)Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual - 2013 - crc2 - 12/11/12
i-4 INDEX
Driving (cont'd)Vehicle Load Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9
Wet Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Winter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7
Dual Automatic Climate Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
E
Electrical Equipment,Add-On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-50
Electrical System
Engine CompartmentFuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-28
Fuses and Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-28
Instrument Panel Fuse
Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-34
Overload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-27
Emergency OnStar
®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-2
Engine Air Cleaner/Filter . . . . . . . . . . . .10-11
Check and Service EngineSoon Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Compartment Overview . . . . . . . 10-5
Coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-12 Engine (cont'd)
Coolant Temperature
Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
Coolant Temperature
Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-12
Cooling System Messages . . . 5-33
Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6
Drive Belt Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-4
Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20
Heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-17
Oil Life System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-9
Oil Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
Overheated Protection Operating Mode . . . . . . . . . . . 10-17
Overheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-16
Power Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35
Pressure Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Running While Parked . . . . . . . . 9-21
Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-16
Entry Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Equipment, Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-48
Event Data Recorders . . . . . . . . 13-19
Extender, Safety Belt . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
Exterior Lamp Controls . . . . . . . . . 6-1
F
Features Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Filter, Engine Air Cleaner . . . . . . . . . .10-11
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Flashers, Hazard Warning . . . . . . 6-3
Flat Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-57 Changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-59
Floor Mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-81
Fluid Automatic Transmission . . . . 10-10
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-20
Power Steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-18
Washer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-18
Fog Lamps
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
Folding Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Front Fog Lamp Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22
Front Seats Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Heated and Ventilated . . . . . . . . . 3-8

Black plate (7,1)Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual - 2013 - crc2 - 12/11/12
INDEX i-7
Loss of Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Lower Anchors and Tethersfor Children (LATCH
System) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-44
Lumbar Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 Front Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
M
MaintenanceRecords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-14
Maintenance Schedule Recommended Fluidsand Lubricants . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-12
Malfunction Indicator Lamp . . . . 5-16
Manual Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-23
Memory Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Memory Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Messages Airbag System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38
Battery Voltage andCharging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32
Brake System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32
Door Ajar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32
Engine Cooling System . . . . . . . 5-33
Engine Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
Engine Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35 Messages (cont'd)
Fuel System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35
Key and Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-36
Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-36
Object Detection System . . . . . 5-36
Ride Control System . . . . . . . . . . 5-37
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38
Service Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38
Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-39
Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-40
Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-31
Vehicle Reminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-41
Vehicle Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-41
Washer Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-41
Mirrors Automatic Dimming . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Automatic DimmingRearview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
Blind Spot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Convex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Folding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Heated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Manual Rearview . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Park Tilt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15 Monitor System, Tire
Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-46
MP3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13
Multi-band Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11
N
Navigation OnStar®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-2
Net, Convenience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
New Vehicle Break-In . . . . . . . . . . 9-14
O
Object Detection System
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-36
Object Detection, Side Blind Zone Alert (SBZA) . . . . . . . . . . . 9-33
Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Off-Road Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Oil
Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7
Engine Oil Life System . . . . . . . 10-9
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
Pressure Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21

Black plate (10,1)Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual - 2013 - crc2 - 12/11/12
i-10 INDEX
Safety Defects ReportingCanadian Government . . . . . . 13-18
General Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-18
U.S. Government . . . . . . . . . . . 13-17
Safety Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Safety System Check . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
Satellite Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9
Scheduling Appointments . . . . . 13-12
Seats Adjustment, Front . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Head Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Heated and Ventilated Front . . . 3-8
Lumbar Adjustment, Front . . . . . 3-4
Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Power Adjustment, Front . . . . . . 3-4
Rear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Reclining Seatbacks . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Third Row Seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Securing Child Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-51, 3-53
Security
Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38
OnStar
®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-2
Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Vehicle Alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11 Service
Accessories and
Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
Doing Your Own Work . . . . . . . . 10-3
Engine Soon Light . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Maintenance Records . . . . . . .11-14
Maintenance, General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1
Parts Identification Label . . . . . 12-1
Publications Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-16
Scheduling Appointments . . . 13-12
Vehicle Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38
Servicing the Airbag . . . . . . . . . . . 3-34
Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28
Shift Lock Control Function Check, Automatic
Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-23
Shifting Into Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-18
Out of Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-19
Side Blind Zone Alert . . . . . . . . . . 9-33
Signals, Turn and Lane-Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
Spare Tire
Compact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-67 Specifications and
Capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-2
Speedometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
StabiliTrak Indicator Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-27
Start Assist, Hills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-27
Start Vehicle, Remote . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Starter Switch Check . . . . . . . . . 10-22
Starting the Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-16
Steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Fluid, Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-18
Wheel Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Wheel Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Storage Areas Armrest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Cargo Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Cargo Management System . . . 4-3
Center Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Convenience Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Glove Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Instrument Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Roof Rack System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Stuck Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9
Sun Visors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20
Sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20