wheel GMC ACADIA 2018 Owner's Manual

GMC Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-11349114) - 2018 - crc - 9/21/17
Vehicle Care 357
Dolly Towing
(Front-Wheel-Drive
Vehicles Only)
To tow a front-wheel-drive vehicle
from the front with the rear wheels
on the ground:1. Put the front wheels on a dolly.
2. Move the shift lever to P (Park). See Shifting Into Park 0226.
3. Set the parking brake.
4. Secure the vehicle to the dolly.
5. Follow the dolly manufacturer's instructions for preparing the
vehicle and dolly for towing. 6. Release the parking brake.
Towing the Vehicle from
the RearCaution
Towing the vehicle from the rear
could damage it. Also, repairs
would not be covered by the
vehicle warranty. Never have the
vehicle towed from the rear.

GMC Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-11349114) - 2018 - crc - 9/21/17
Vehicle Care 361
a buildup of vehicle wash/wax
treatments may cause wiper
streaking.
Replace the wiper blades if they are
worn or damaged. Damage can be
caused by extreme dusty
conditions, sand, salt, heat, sun,
snow, and ice.
Weatherstrips
Apply weatherstrip lubricant on
weatherstrips to make them last
longer, seal better, and not stick or
squeak. Lubricate weatherstrips at
least once a year. Hot, dry climates
may require more frequent
application. Black marks from
rubber material on painted surfaces
can be removed by rubbing with a
clean cloth. SeeRecommended
Fluids and Lubricants 0377.
Tires
Use a stiff brush with tire cleaner to
clean the tires.
Caution
Using petroleum-based tire
dressing products on the vehicle
may damage the paint finish and/
or tires. When applying a tire
dressing, always wipe off any
overspray from all painted
surfaces on the vehicle.
Wheels and Trim —Aluminum
or Chrome
Use a soft, clean cloth with mild
soap and water to clean the wheels.
After rinsing thoroughly with clean
water, dry with a soft, clean towel.
A wax may then be applied.
Caution
Chrome wheels and other chrome
trim may be damaged if the
vehicle is not washed after driving
on roads that have been sprayed
with magnesium, calcium,
or sodium chloride. These
(Continued)
Caution (Continued)
chlorides are used on roads for
conditions such as ice and dust.
Always wash the chrome with
soap and water after exposure.
Caution
To avoid surface damage, do not
use strong soaps, chemicals,
abrasive polishes, cleaners,
brushes, or cleaners that contain
acid on aluminum or
chrome-plated wheels. Use only
approved cleaners. Also, never
drive a vehicle with aluminum or
chrome-plated wheels through an
automatic car wash that uses
silicone carbide tire cleaning
brushes. Damage could occur
and the repairs would not be
covered by the vehicle warranty.

GMC Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-11349114) - 2018 - crc - 9/21/17
Service and Maintenance 375
.To avoid break-down or failure to
start the vehicle, maintain a
battery with full cranking power.
. Trained dealer technicians have
the diagnostic equipment to test
the battery and ensure that the
connections and cables are
corrosion-free.
Belts
. Belts may need replacing if they
squeak or show signs of
cracking or splitting.
. Trained dealer technicians have
access to tools and equipment
to inspect the belts and
recommend adjustment or
replacement when necessary.
Brakes
Brakes stop the vehicle and are
crucial to safe driving.
. Signs of brake wear may include
chirping, grinding, or squealing
noises, or difficulty stopping. .
Trained dealer technicians have
access to tools and equipment
to inspect the brakes and
recommend quality parts
engineered for the vehicle.
Fluids
Proper fluid levels and approved
fluids protect the vehicle’s systems
and components. See
Recommended Fluids and
Lubricants 0377 for GM approved
fluids.
. Engine oil and windshield
washer fluid levels should be
checked at every fuel fill.
. Instrument cluster lights may
come on to indicate that fluids
may be low and need to be
filled.
Hoses
Hoses transport fluids and should
be regularly inspected to ensure
that there are no cracks or leaks.
With a multi-point inspection, your
dealer can inspect the hoses and
advise if replacement is needed. Lamps
Properly working headlamps,
taillamps, and brake lamps are
important to see and be seen on
the road.
.
Signs that the headlamps need
attention include dimming, failure
to light, cracking, or damage.
The brake lamps need to be
checked periodically to ensure
that they light when braking.
. With a multi-point inspection,
your dealer can check the lamps
and note any concerns.
Shocks and Struts
Shocks and struts help aid in control
for a smoother ride.
. Signs of wear may include
steering wheel vibration, bounce/
sway while braking, longer
stopping distance, or uneven
tire wear.
. As part of the multi-point
inspection, trained dealer
technicians can visually inspect
the shocks and struts for signs

GMC Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-11349114) - 2018 - crc - 9/21/17
376 Service and Maintenance
of leaking, blown seals,
or damage, and can advise
when service is needed.
Tires
Tires need to be properly inflated,
rotated, and balanced. Maintaining
the tires can save money and fuel,
and can reduce the risk of tire
failure.
. Signs that the tires need to be
replaced include three or more
visible treadwear indicators; cord
or fabric showing through the
rubber; cracks or cuts in the
tread or sidewall; or a bulge or
split in the tire.
. Trained dealer technicians can
inspect and recommend the right
tires. Your dealer can also
provide tire/wheel balancing
services to ensure smooth
vehicle operation at all speeds.
Your dealer sells and services
name brand tires. Vehicle Care
To help keep the vehicle looking like
new, vehicle care products are
available from your dealer. For
information on how to clean and
protect the vehicle’s interior and
exterior, see
Interior Care 0362 and
Exterior Care 0358.
Wheel Alignment
Wheel alignment is critical for
ensuring that the tires deliver
optimal wear and performance.
. Signs that the alignment may
need to be adjusted include
pulling, improper vehicle
handling, or unusual tire wear.
. Your dealer has the required
equipment to ensure proper
wheel alignment.
Windshield
For safety, appearance, and the
best viewing, keep the windshield
clean and clear.
. Signs of damage include
scratches, cracks, and chips. .
Trained dealer technicians can
inspect the windshield and
recommend proper replacement
if needed.
Wiper Blades
Wiper blades need to be cleaned
and kept in good condition to
provide a clear view.
. Signs of wear include streaking,
skipping across the windshield,
and worn or split rubber.
. Trained dealer technicians can
check the wiper blades and
replace them when needed.

GMC Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-11349114) - 2018 - crc - 9/21/17
382 Technical Data
ApplicationCapacities
Metric English
Fuel Tank
FWD 73.4 L 19.4 gal
AWD 82.1 L 21.7 gal
Transfer Case Fluid 1.0 L 1.0 qt
Wheel Nut Torque 190 Y140 lb ft
All capacities are approximate. When adding, be sure to fill to the approximate level, as recommended in this
manual. Recheck fluid level after filling.
Engine Specifications
Engine VIN CodeTransmission Spark Plug Gap
2.5L L4 Engine AAutomatic 0.95–1.10 mm (0.037–
0.043 in)
3.6L V6 Engine SAutomatic 0.80–0.90 mm (0.031–
0.035 in)

GMC Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-11349114) - 2018 - crc - 9/21/17
388 Customer Information
GM Mobility
Reimbursement Program
This program is available to
qualified applicants for cost
reimbursement, up to certain limits,
of eligible aftermarket adaptive
equipment required for the vehicle,
such as hand controls or a
wheelchair/scooter lift for the
vehicle.
To learn about the GM Mobility
program, see www.gmmobility.com
or call the GM Mobility Assistance
Center at 1-800-323-9935. Text
Telephone (TTY) users, call
1-800-833-9935.
General Motors of Canada also has
a Mobility program. See www.gm.ca
or call 1-800-GM-DRIVE
(800-463-7483) for details. TTY
users call 1-800-263-3830.
Roadside Assistance
Program
For U.S.-purchased vehicles, call
1-888-881-3302; (Text Telephone
(TTY): 1-888-889-2438).
For Canadian-purchased vehicles,
call 1-800-268-6800.
Service is available 24 hours a day,
365 days a year.
Calling for Assistance
When calling Roadside Assistance,
have the following information
ready:
.Your name, home address, and
home telephone number
. Telephone number of your
location
. Location of the vehicle
. Model, year, color, and license
plate number of the vehicle
. Odometer reading, Vehicle
Identification Number (VIN), and
delivery date of the vehicle
. Description of the problem
Coverage
Services are provided for the
duration of the vehicle's powertrain
warranty.
In the U.S., anyone driving the
vehicle is covered. In Canada, a
person driving the vehicle without
permission from the owner is not
covered.
Roadside Assistance is not a part of
the New Vehicle Limited Warranty.
General Motors North America and
GMC reserve the right to make any
changes or discontinue the
Roadside Assistance program at
any time without notification.
General Motors North America and
GMC reserve the right to limit
services or payment to an owner or
driver if they decide the claims are
made too often, or the same type of
claim is made many times.
Services Provided
.Emergency Fuel Delivery:
Delivery of enough fuel for the
vehicle to get to the nearest
service station.

GMC Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-11349114) - 2018 - crc - 9/21/17
410 Index
IndexA
Accessories andModifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Accessory Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Adaptive Cruise Control . . . . . . . . 242
Add-On Electrical Equipment . . . 278
Additional Information OnStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
Additional Maintenance and Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Adjustments Lumbar, Front Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Agreements Trademarks and License . . . . . 196
Air Cleaner/Filter, Engine . . . . . . . 290
Air Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . 198, 201
Air Filter, Passenger Compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Air Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Airbag System
Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
How Does an AirbagRestrain? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Passenger Sensing System . . . . 85
What Makes an Airbag
Inflate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
What Will You See after an Airbag Inflates? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Airbag System (cont'd)
When Should an Airbag
Inflate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Where Are the Airbags? . . . . . . . . 80
Airbags Adding Equipment to theVehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Passenger Status Indicator . . . 135
Readiness Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Servicing Airbag-Equipped Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
System Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Alarm Vehicle Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Alert Lane Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Side Blind Zone (SBZA) . . . . . . 262
All-Season Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
All-Wheel Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . 232, 300
AM-FM Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Antenna
Multi-band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Antilock Brake System (ABS) . . . 233
Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Appearance Care Exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
Interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362

GMC Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-11349114) - 2018 - crc - 9/21/17
412 Index
Child RestraintsInfants and Young Children . . . . . 93
Lower Anchors and Tethers
for Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Older Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Securing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105, 108
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Cleaning Exterior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
Interior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
Climate Control Systems Dual Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Rear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Cluster, Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Collision Damage Repair . . . . . . . 391
Compact Spare Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Compartments Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Compressor Kit, Tire Sealant . . . 337
Connections
OnStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Control
Hill Descent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Traction and ElectronicStability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Control Light
Hill Descent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Control of a Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Convex Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Coolant Engine Temperature Gauge . . 133
Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198, 201
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Courtesy Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Courtesy Transportation Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
Cover Cargo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
Cruise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Cruise Control, Adaptive . . . . . . . . 242
Customer Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
Text Telephone (TTY)Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Customer Information
Service PublicationsOrdering Information . . . . . . . . 393
Customer Satisfaction Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384D
Damage Repair, Collision . . . . . . . 391
Danger, Warning, and Caution . . . . 2
Data CollectionInfotainment System . . . . . . . . . . 397
OnStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Data Recorders, Event . . . . . . . . . 396
Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Defensive Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Delayed Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Devices
Auxiliary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Diagnostics
OnStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Distracted Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Dome Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Door Ajar Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Delayed Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Power Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Drive Belt Routing, Engine . . . . . . 383
Drive Systems All-Wheel Drive . . . . . . . . . . 232, 300
Driver Assistance Systems . . . . . 251
Driver Information Center (DIC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145, 148

GMC Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-11349114) - 2018 - crc - 9/21/17
414 Index
Frequency StatementRadio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
Front Fog Lamp Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Front Pedestrian Braking (FPB) System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Front Seats
Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Heated and Ventilated . . . . . . . . . . 64
Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Economy Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Filling a Portable Fuel
Container . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Filling the Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Foreign Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Low Fuel Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143, 144
Requirements, California . . . . . 267
Fuses
Engine Compartment FuseBlock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Fuses and Circuit Breakers . . . 306
Instrument Panel Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Rear Compartment Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311G
Garage Door Opener . . . . . . . . . . . 160Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Gas Strut(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Gauges Engine CoolantTemperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Speedometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Tachometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Trip Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Warning Lights and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
General Information Service and Maintenance . . . . . 367
Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Vehicle Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Glove Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
GM Mobility Reimbursement
Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
H
Halogen Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Hands-Free Phone . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Hazard Warning Flashers . . . . . . . 168
Head Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Headlamps
Aiming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Daytime Running
Lamps (DRL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
High-Beam On Light . . . . . . . . . . 144
High/Low Beam Changer . . . . . 166
Lamps On Reminder . . . . . . . . . 145
Heated
Rear Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Steering Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Heated and Ventilated Front Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Heated Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Heater
Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198, 201
High Voltage Devices and Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
High-Beam On Light . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
High-Speed Operation . . . . . . . . . . 323
Hill and Mountain Roads . . . . . . . . 215
Hill Descent Control (HDC) . . . . . 238
Hill Descent Control Light . . . . . . . 140
Hill Start Assist (HSA) . . . . . . . . . . 235
Home Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

GMC Acadia/Acadia Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-11349114) - 2018 - crc - 9/21/17
Index 419
Shift Lock Control FunctionCheck, Automatic
Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Shifting Into Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Out of Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Side Blind Zone Alert (SBZA) . . . 262
Signals, Turn and
Lane-Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Software Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Spare Tire Compact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Special Application Services . . . . 374
Specifications and Capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Speedometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
StabiliTrak
OFF Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Start Assist, Hill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Start Vehicle, Remote . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Starter Switch Check . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Starting the Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 Heated Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Wheel Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
Wheel Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
Storage Rear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112 Storage Areas
Armrest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Cargo Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
Cargo Management System . . .113
Center Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
Glove Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Roof Rack System . . . . . . . . . . . . .116
Storage Compartments . . . . . . . . . 111
Storing the Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Struts
Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Stuck Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Summer Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Sun Visors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
System Forward CollisionAlert (FCA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Infotainment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173, 397
Roof Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116
Systems Driver Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251T
Tachometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Text Telephone (TTY) Users . . . . 387
Theft-Deterrent Systems . . . . . . . . . 48Immobilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Third-Row Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 All-Season . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Buying New Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
Compact Spare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Different Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
If a Tire Goes Flat . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321, 323
Pressure Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Pressure Monitor Operation . . 324
Pressure Monitor System . . . . . 323
Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
Sealant andCompressor Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Sealant and Compressor Kit, Storing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Sidewall Labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Terminology and Definitions . . 319