headlamp GMC SIERRA 2023 Owner's Manual

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 2500 HD/3500 HD Owner Manual (GMNA-
Localizing-U.S./Canada-16504257) - 2023 - CRC - 5/18/22
Vehicle Care 301
Vehicle Care
General Information
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
California Perchlorate MaterialsRequirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Accessories and Modifications . . . . . . . . . 302
Vehicle Checks
Doing Your Own Service Work . . . . . . . . 303
Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Engine Compartment Overview . . . . . . . . 305
Engine Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Engine Oil Life System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Automatic Transmission Fluid . . . . . . . . . 309
Engine Air Filter Life System . . . . . . . . . . 309
Engine Air Cleaner/Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Engine Overheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Engine Fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Power Steering Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Washer Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Brake Pad Life System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Brake Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Battery - North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Four-Wheel Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Front Axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Rear Axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Noise Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Automatic Transmission Shift Lock
Control Function Check (Mechanical
Shifter) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Park Brake and P (Park) Mechanism Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Wiper Blade Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Glass Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Windshield Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Gas Strut(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Headlamp Aiming
Front Headlamp Aiming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Bulb Replacement
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Halogen Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
LED Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Headlamps, Front Turn Signal, Sidemarker, and Parking Lamps . . . . . . 325
Taillamps, Turn Signal, Stoplamps, and Back-Up Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Center High-Mounted Stoplamp (CHMSL) and Cargo Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
License Plate Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Electrical System
Electrical System Overload . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Fuses and Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Engine Compartment Fuse Block . . . . . . 329 Instrument Panel Fuse Block (Left) . . . . . 333
Instrument Panel Fuse Block (Right) . . . 334
Wheels and Tires
Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
All-Season Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Winter Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
All-Terrain Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Tire Sidewall Labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Tire Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Tire Terminology and Definitions . . . . . 340
Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Tire Pressure Monitor System . . . . . . . . . 343
Tire Pressure Monitor Operation . . . . . . 344
Tire Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Tire Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
When It Is Time for New Tires . . . . . . . . . 351
Buying New Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Different Size Tires and Wheels . . . . . . . . 353
Uniform Tire Quality Grading . . . . . . . . . . 353
Wheel Alignment and Tire Balance . . . . 354
Wheel Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
Tire Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
If a Tire Goes Flat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
Tire Changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Full-Size Spare Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Jump Starting
Jump Starting - North America . . . . . . . . 367

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 2500 HD/3500 HD Owner Manual (GMNA-
Localizing-U.S./Canada-16504257) - 2023 - CRC - 5/18/22
Vehicle Care 325
Liftgate
Headlamp Aiming
Front Headlamp Aiming
Headlamp aim has been preset and should
need no further adjustment.
If the vehicle is damaged in a crash, the
headlamp aim may be affected.
If adjustment to the headlamps is necessary,
see your dealer.
Bulb Replacement
For the proper type of replacement bulbs,
or any bulb changing procedure not listed in
this section, contact your dealer.
Caution
Do not replace incandescent bulbs with
aftermarket LED replacement bulbs. This
can cause damage to the vehicle electrical
system.
Halogen Bulbs
{Warning
Halogen bulbs have pressurized gas inside
and can burst if you drop or scratch the
bulb. You or others could be injured. Be
sure to read and follow the instructions
on the bulb package.
LED Lighting
This vehicle has several LED lamps. For
replacement of any LED lighting assembly,
contact your dealer.
Headlamps, Front Turn Signal,
Sidemarker, and Parking Lamps
Base Level Headlamp Assembly
1. Turn Signal Lamps
Headlamp Replacement
See your dealer for headlamp replacement.
Turn Signal Lamp Replacement
Base Level1. Open the hood.
2. Turn the bulb socket counterclockwise to remove it from the headlamp assembly
and pull it straight out.

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 2500 HD/3500 HD Owner Manual (GMNA-
Localizing-U.S./Canada-16504257) - 2023 - CRC - 5/18/22
326 Vehicle Care
3. Remove the bulb by pulling it straightout of the bulb socket.
4. Replace the bulb and reverse Steps 1–3 to reinstall.
Uplevel
See your dealer for headlamp replacement.
Taillamps, Turn Signal, Stoplamps,
and Back-Up Lamps
Base Level Taillamp Assembly
1. Stoplamp/Turn Signal Lamp
2. Back-Up Lamp
Uplevel Taillamp Assembly
See your dealer for taillamp replacement.
It is recommended to replace the grommets
when replacing a bulb. See your dealer.
To replace one of these bulbs: 1. Open the tailgate.
2. Remove the two rear lamp assembly screws.
4. Pull the rear lamp assembly outward andrearward away from the box side to
remove it from the vehicle.
5. Turn the bulb socket counterclockwise.
6. Pull the bulb straight out from the socket.
7. Replace the bulb and reverse Steps 1–5 to reinstall.

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 2500 HD/3500 HD Owner Manual (GMNA-
Localizing-U.S./Canada-16504257) - 2023 - CRC - 5/18/22
Vehicle Care 329
4. If the fuse must be replacedimmediately, spare fuses are also
provided on the instrument panel end
cap or borrow a replacement fuse with
the same amperage from the fuse block.
Choose a vehicle feature that is not
needed to safely operate the vehicle.
Repeat Steps 2-3.
5. Insert the replacement fuse into the empty slot of the blown fuse.
At the next opportunity, see your dealer to
replace the blown fuse.
Headlamp Wiring
An electrical overload may cause the lamps
to go on and off, or in some cases to
remain off. Have the headlamp wiring
checked right away if the lamps go on and
off or remain off.
Windshield Wipers
If the wiper motor overheats due to heavy
snow or ice, the windshield wipers will stop
until the motor cools and will then restart.
Although the circuit is protected from
electrical overload, overload due to heavy
snow or ice may cause wiper linkage damage. Always clear ice and heavy snow
from the windshield before using the
windshield wipers.
If the overload is caused by an electrical
problem and not snow or ice, be sure to get
it fixed.
Fuses and Circuit Breakers
The wiring circuits in the vehicle are
protected from short circuits by a
combination of fuses and circuit breakers.
This greatly reduces the chance of damage
caused by electrical problems.
{Danger
Fuses and circuit breakers are marked
with their ampere rating. Do not exceed
the specified amperage rating when
replacing fuses and circuit breakers. Use
of an oversized fuse or circuit breaker can
result in a vehicle fire. You and others
could be seriously injured or killed.
{Warning
Installation or use of fuses that do not
meet GM’s original fuse specifications is
dangerous. The fuses could fail, and result
in a fire. You or others could be injured
or killed, and the vehicle could be
damaged.
See Accessories and Modifications 0302 and
General Information 0302.
To check or replace a blown fuse, see
Electrical System Overload 0327.
Engine Compartment Fuse Block
If the vehicle has a diesel engine, see the
Duramax diesel supplement.
The engine compartment fuse block is in the
engine compartment, on the driver side of
vehicle.

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 2500 HD/3500 HD Owner Manual (GMNA-
Localizing-U.S./Canada-16504257) - 2023 - CRC - 5/18/22
330 Vehicle Care
Lift the cover to access the fuse block.
Caution
Spilling liquid on any electrical
component on the vehicle may damage
it. Always keep the covers on any
electrical component.
A fuse puller is available in the left
instrument panel end cap.
The vehicle may not be equipped with all of
the fuses, relays, and features shown.
Fuses Usage
1 High-beam left
2 High-beam right Fuses
Usage
3 Headlamp left
4 Headlamp right

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 2500 HD/3500 HD Owner Manual (GMNA-
Localizing-U.S./Canada-16504257) - 2023 - CRC - 5/18/22
332 Vehicle Care
FusesUsage
65 Auxiliary underhood electrical center
66 Cooling fan motor left 67 Active fuel management 2
68 –
69 Starter Pinion (LD) / Starter Motor (HD Gas)
71 Cooling fan
72 Cooling fan right/lower
73 Trailer stop/turn lamp left
74 Trailer Interface Module 1
75 DEFC
76 Electric RNG BDS
78 Engine control module
79 Auxiliary battery
80 Cabin cooling pump 81 Trailer stop/turn lamp right Fuses
Usage
82 Trailer Interface Module 2
83 FTZM
84 Trailer brake 85 ENG
86 Engine control module 87 Injector B even
88 O2 B sensor
89 O2 A sensor
90 Injector A odd 91 Engine control module throttle control
92 Cool fan clutch/ Aeroshutter Relays
Usage
5 Headlamp
18 DC/AC inverter
23 Rear window defogger
35 Parking lamp
36 Run/Crank
43 –
59 A/C clutch
64 Starter Motor (LD & HD DSL)
70 Starter Pinion (LD) / Starter Motor (HD Gas)
77 Powertrain

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 2500 HD/3500 HD Owner Manual (GMNA-
Localizing-U.S./Canada-16504257) - 2023 - CRC - 5/18/22
Vehicle Care 355
Your dealer will know the kind of wheel that
is needed.
Each new wheel should have the same
load-carrying capacity, diameter, width,
offset, and be mounted the same way as
the one it replaces.
Replace wheels, wheel bolts, wheel nuts,
or Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS)
sensors with new GM original equipment
parts.
{Warning
Using the wrong replacement wheels,
wheel bolts, or wheel nuts can be
dangerous. It could affect the braking and
handling of the vehicle. Tires can lose air
and cause loss of control, resulting in a
crash. Always use the correct wheel,
wheel bolts, and wheel nuts for
replacement.
{Warning
Replacing a wheel with a used one is
dangerous. How it has been used or how
far it has been driven may be unknown.(Continued)
Warning (Continued)
It could fail suddenly and cause a crash.
When replacing wheels, use a new GM
original equipment wheel.
Caution
The wrong wheel can also cause
problems with bearing life, brake cooling,
speedometer or odometer calibration,
headlamp aim, bumper height, vehicle
ground clearance, and tire or tire chain
clearance to the body and chassis.
Tire Chains
{Warning
If the vehicle has LT275/65R20 size tires,
do not use tire chains. There is not
enough clearance. Tire chains used on a
vehicle without the proper amount of
clearance can cause damage to the
brakes, suspension, or other vehicle parts.
The area damaged by the tire chains
could cause loss of control and a crash.
Use another type of traction device only(Continued)
Warning (Continued)
if its manufacturer recommends it for the
vehicle's tire size combination and road
conditions. Follow that manufacturer's
instructions. To avoid vehicle damage,
drive slow and readjust or remove the
traction device if it is contacting the
vehicle. Do not spin the wheels.
If traction devices are used, install them
on the rear tires.
Caution
Use tire chains only where legal and only
when necessary. Use chains that are the
proper size for the tires. If the vehicle has
LT235/80R17 size tires, install the chains
on the tires of the rear axle only. If the
vehicle has LT245/75R17, LT265/70R17,
or LT275/70R18 size tires, install the
chains on the tires of the front and rear
axle. Tighten them as tightly as possible
with the ends securely fastened. Drive
slowly and follow the chain
manufacturer's instructions. If the chains
contact the vehicle, stop and retighten
them. If the contact continues, slow
(Continued)

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 2500 HD/3500 HD Owner Manual (GMNA-
Localizing-U.S./Canada-16504257) - 2023 - CRC - 5/9/22
Index 417
Assistance Systems (cont'd)Parking and Backing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Audio Bluetooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Automatic Dimming Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Door Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Emergency Braking (AEB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Headlamp System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Transmission Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Transmission Shift Lock ControlFunction Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Automatic Transmission Manual Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Auxiliary
Jack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Roof Mounted Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Avoiding Untrusted Media Devices . . . . . . . .158
Axle Front . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Rear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
B
BatteryExterior Lighting Battery Saver . . . . . . . . 147
Load Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Battery (cont'd)
Power Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Battery - North America . . . . . . . . . . . . .319, 367
Blade Replacement, Wiper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Blind Spot Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Bluetooth Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176, 177
Brake Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Pad Life System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
System Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Brake Pad Life System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Antilock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Brake Assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Electric Parking Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Braking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Automatic Emergency (AEB) . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Break-In, New Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Center High-Mounted Stoplamp(CHMSL) and Cargo Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Halogen Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Headlamp Aiming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Headlamps, Front Turn Signal, Sidemarker, and Parking Lamps . . . . . . 325
License Plate Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Bulb Replacement (cont'd)
Taillamps, Turn Signal, Stoplamps,
and Back-up Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Buying New Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
C
Calibration Compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
California Perchlorate MaterialsRequirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
California Proposition 65 Warning . . . . . 1, 367
Camera
Rear Vision (RVC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Truck Bed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Canadian Vehicle Owners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Capacities and Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Carbon Monoxide Engine Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Tailgate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Winter Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Cargo
Tie-Downs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Caution, Danger, and Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Center High-Mounted Stoplamp (CHMSL)
and Cargo Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

GMC Sierra/Sierra Denali 2500 HD/3500 HD Owner Manual (GMNA-
Localizing-U.S./Canada-16504257) - 2023 - CRC - 5/9/22
Index 421
H
Halogen Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Hazard Warning Flashers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142
HD Radio Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Head Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Head-Up Display (HUD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
HeadlampsAiming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) . . . . . . . . . . 141
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Headlamps, Front Turn Signal,Sidemarker, and Parking Lamps . . . . . . 325
High-Beam On Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
High/Low Beam Changer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Lamps On Reminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Heated Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Rear Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Steering Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Ventilated Front Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Heater Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196, 197
High-Beam On Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Hill
Descent Control (HDC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Descent Control Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Hill and Mountain Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Hill Start Assist (HSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Horn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
How to Wear Seat Belts Properly . . . . . . . . . 59
HVAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196, 197
I
If the System Needs Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Ignition Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221, 223
Immobilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Indicator Vehicle Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Indicators
Warning Lights and Gauges . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Infants and Young Children, Restraints . . . . .77
Information Publication Ordering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
Infotainment Using the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Infotainment System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Inspection Multi-Point Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Instrument Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Instrument Panel Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Interior Rearview Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 148
J
Jack
Auxiliary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Jump
Starting - North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
K
Keyless EntryRemote (RKE) System Operation . . . . . 12, 14
Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 11
L
Labeling, Tire Sidewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Lamps Auxiliary Roof Mounted Lamp . . . . . . . . . 144
Daytime Running (DRL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Dome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Exterior Cargo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Exterior Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Exterior Lamps Off Reminder . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Exterior Lighting Battery Saver . . . . . . . . 147
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Fog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
High/Low Beam Changer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
License Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327