parking brake GMC YUKON 2020 Owner's Guide

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-13566587) - 2020 - CRC - 4/15/19
342 Vehicle Care
commercial truck tires may not have
treadwear indicators. SeeTire
Inspection 0340 and
Tire Rotation 0340 for additional
information.
The rubber in tires ages over time.
This also applies to the spare tire,
if the vehicle has one, even if it is
never used. Multiple factors
including temperatures, loading
conditions, and inflation pressure
maintenance affect how fast aging
takes place. GM recommends that
tires, including the spare if
equipped, be replaced after six
years, regardless of tread wear. To
identify the age of a tire, use the tire
manufacture date which is the last
four digits of the DOT Tire
Identification Number (TIN) which is
molded into one side of the tire
sidewall. The first two digits
represent the week (01-52) and the
last two digits, the year. For
example, the third week of the year
2010 would have a four-digit DOT
date of 0310.Vehicle Storage
Tires age when stored normally
mounted on a parked vehicle. Park
a vehicle that will be stored for at
least a month in a cool, dry, clean
area away from direct sunlight to
slow aging. This area should be free
of grease, gasoline, or other
substances that can deteriorate
rubber.
Parking for an extended period can
cause flat spots on the tires that
may result in vibrations while
driving. When storing a vehicle for
at least a month, remove the tires or
raise the vehicle to reduce the
weight from the tires.
Buying New Tires
GM has developed and matched
specific tires for the vehicle. The
original equipment tires installed
were designed to meet General
Motors Tire Performance Criteria
Specification (TPC Spec)
system rating. When
replacement tires are needed, GM strongly recommends
buying tires with the same TPC
Spec rating.
GM's exclusive TPC Spec
system considers over a dozen
critical specifications that impact
the overall performance of the
vehicle, including brake system
performance, ride and handling,
traction control, and tire
pressure monitoring
performance. GM's TPC Spec
number is molded onto the tire's
sidewall near the tire size. If the
tires have an all-season tread
design, the TPC Spec number
will be followed by MS for mud
and snow. See
Tire Sidewall
Labeling 0329 for additional
information.
GM recommends replacing worn
tires in complete sets of four.
Uniform tread depth on all tires
will help to maintain the
performance of the vehicle.
Braking and handling

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-13566587) - 2020 - CRC - 4/15/19
348 Vehicle Care
If a front tire fails, the flat tire
creates a drag that pulls the vehicle
toward that side. Take your foot off
the accelerator pedal and grip the
steering wheel firmly. Steer to
maintain lane position, and then
gently brake to a stop, well off the
road, if possible.
A rear blowout, particularly on a
curve, acts much like a skid and
may require the same correction as
used in a skid. Stop pressing the
accelerator pedal and steer to
straighten the vehicle. It may be
very bumpy and noisy. Gently brake
to a stop, well off the road,
if possible.
{Warning
Driving on a flat tire will cause
permanent damage to the tire.
Re-inflating a tire after it has been
driven on while severely
underinflated or flat may cause a
blowout and a serious crash.
Never attempt to re-inflate a tire(Continued)
Warning (Continued)
that has been driven on while
severely underinflated or flat.
Have your dealer or an authorized
tire service center repair or
replace the flat tire as soon as
possible.
{Warning
Lifting a vehicle and getting under
it to do maintenance or repairs is
dangerous without the
appropriate safety equipment and
training. If a jack is provided with
the vehicle, it is designed only for
changing a flat tire. If it is used for
anything else, you or others could
be badly injured or killed if the
vehicle slips off the jack. If a jack
is provided with the vehicle, only
use it for changing a flat tire. If a tire goes flat, avoid further tire
and wheel damage by driving slowly
to a level place, well off the road,
if possible. Turn on the hazard
warning flashers. See
Hazard
Warning Flashers 0168.
{Warning
Changing a tire can be
dangerous. The vehicle can slip
off the jack and roll over or fall
causing injury or death. Find a
level place to change the tire. To
help prevent the vehicle from
moving:
1. Set the parking brake firmly.
2. Put the shift lever inP (Park).
3. For vehicles with four-wheel drive with an N (Neutral)
transfer case position, be
sure the transfer case is in a
drive gear —not in
N (Neutral).
(Continued)

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-13566587) - 2020 - CRC - 4/15/19
Vehicle Care 361
unwanted ground connection.
You would not be able to start
your vehicle, and the bad
grounding could damage the
electrical systems.
To avoid the possibility of the
vehicles rolling, set the parking
brake firmly on both vehicles
involved in the jump start
procedure. Put the automatic
transmission in P (Park) or a
manual transmission in Neutral
before setting the parking
brake. For vehicles with
four-wheel-drive with a
N (Neutral) transfer case
position, be sure the transfer
case is in a drive gear—not
N (Neutral).
Caution
If any accessories are left on or
plugged in during the jump
starting procedure, they could be
damaged. The repairs would not
be covered by the vehicle
(Continued)
Caution (Continued)
warranty. Whenever possible, turn
off or unplug all accessories on
either vehicle when jump starting.
3. Turn the ignition off on both vehicles. Unplug unnecessary
accessories plugged into the
accessory power outlets. Turn
off the radio and all the lamps
that are not needed. This will
avoid sparks and help save
both batteries. And it could
save the radio!
4. Open the hood on the other vehicle and locate the
positive (+) and negative (−)
terminal locations on that
vehicle.
The positive (+) terminal is
under a red plastic cover at the
positive battery post. To
uncover the positive (+)
terminal, open the red plastic
cover. For more information on the
location of the remote
positive (+) and remote
negative (−) terminals, see
Engine Compartment Overview
0
286.
{Warning
An electric fan can start up even
when the engine is not running
and can injure you. Keep hands,
clothing, and tools away from any
underhood electric fan.
{Warning
Using a match near a battery can
cause battery gas to explode.
People have been hurt doing this,
and some have been blinded.
Use a flashlight if you need more
light.
Battery fluid contains acid that
can burn you. Do not get it on
you. If you accidentally get it in
(Continued)

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-13566587) - 2020 - CRC - 4/15/19
Vehicle Care 365
Caution
Use of a shield mounted in front
of the vehicle grille could restrict
airflow and cause damage to the
transmission. The repairs would
not be covered by the vehicle
warranty. If using a shield, only
use one that attaches to the
towing vehicle.
Dinghy Towing
Two-Wheel-Drive Vehicles
Caution
If the two-wheel-drive vehicle is
towed with all four wheels on the
ground, the drivetrain
components could be damaged.
The repairs would not be covered
by the vehicle warranty.
Two-wheel-drive vehicles should not
be towed with all four wheels on the
ground.
Four-Wheel-Drive Vehicles
Only dinghy tow four-wheel-drive
vehicles with a two speed transfer
case that have a N (Neutral) and a 4
nsetting.
{Warning
Shifting a four-wheel-drive
vehicle's transfer case into
N (Neutral) can cause the vehicle
to roll even if the transmission is
in P (Park). You or others could
be injured. Set the parking brake
before shifting the transfer case
to N (Neutral).
To dinghy tow: 1. Position the vehicle being towed behind the tow vehicle,
facing forward and on a level
surface.
2. Securely attach the vehicle being towed to the tow vehicle.
3. Apply the parking brake and start the engine.

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-13566587) - 2020 - CRC - 4/15/19
366 Vehicle Care
4. Shift the transfer case toN (Neutral). See “Shifting into
N (Neutral)” underFour-Wheel
Drive 0219. Check that the
vehicle is in N (Neutral) by
starting the engine and shifting
the transmission to
R (Reverse) and then to D
(Drive). There should be no
movement of the vehicle while
shifting.
5. Shift the transmission into D (Drive). Turn the engine off.
Caution
Failure to disconnect the negative
battery cable or to have it contact
the terminals can cause damage
to the vehicle.
6. Disconnect the negative battery cable at the battery and
secure the nut and bolt. Cover
the negative battery post with a
non-conductive material to
prevent any contact with the
negative battery terminal. 7. Shift the transmission to
P (Park).
Caution
If the steering column is locked,
vehicle damage may occur.
8. Move the steering wheel to make sure the steering column
is unlocked.
9. With a foot on the brake pedal, release the parking brake.
10. Keep the ignition key in the towed vehicle in ACC/
ACCESSORY to prevent the
steering column from locking.
If equipped with Keyless
Access, keep the RKE
transmitter outside of the
vehicle, and manually lock the
doors. Access the vehicle as if
it has a dead RKE transmitter
battery, by using the key in the
door lock. Disconnecting the Towed Vehicle
Before disconnecting the towed
vehicle:
1. Park on a level surface.
2. Set the parking brake, then shift the transmission to
P (Park).
3. Connect the battery.
4. Apply the brake pedal.
5. Turn the ignition to ON/RUN with the engine off. Shift the
transfer case out of N (Neutral)
to 2
m. See “Shifting out of
N (Neutral)” underFour-Wheel
Drive 0219. See your dealer if
the transfer case cannot be
shifted out of N (Neutral).
6. Check that the vehicle is in 2
m
by starting the engine and
shifting the transmission to
R (Reverse) and then to D
(Drive). There should be
movement of the vehicle while
shifting.

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-13566587) - 2020 - CRC - 4/15/19
Vehicle Care 367
7. Shift the transmission toP (Park) and turn off the
ignition.
8. Disconnect the vehicle from the tow vehicle.
9. Release the parking brake.
10. Reset any lost presets. The outside temperature
display will default to 0 °C (32 °
F) but will reset with normal
usage.
Dolly TowingCaution
Do not tow this vehicle with two
wheels on the ground, or vehicle
damage could occur. This
damage would not be covered by
the vehicle warranty.
Dolly towing this vehicle is not
allowed with either the front or the
rear tires on the ground for
two-wheel drive or four-wheel drive,
regardless of transfer case.
Appearance Care
Exterior Care
Locks
Locks are lubricated at the factory.
Use a de-icing agent only when
absolutely necessary, and have the
locks greased after using. See
Recommended Fluids and
Lubricants 0388.
Washing the Vehicle
To preserve the vehicle's finish,
wash it often and out of direct
sunlight.
Caution
Do not use petroleum-based,
acidic, or abrasive cleaning
agents as they can damage the
vehicle's paint, metal, or plastic
parts. If damage occurs, it would
not be covered by the vehicle
warranty. Approved cleaning
products can be obtained from
(Continued)

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-13566587) - 2020 - CRC - 4/15/19
380 Service and Maintenance
.Inspect brake system. See
Exterior Care 0367.
. Visually inspect steering,
suspension, and chassis
components for damage,
including cracks or tears in the
rubber boots, loose or missing
parts, or signs of wear at least
once a year. See Exterior Care
0 367. Lubricate the suspension
and steering components at
least every other oil change (if
equipped with grease fittings).
. Inspect power steering for
proper attachment, connections,
binding, leaks, cracks,
chafing, etc.
. Visually inspect halfshafts and
drive shafts for excessive wear,
lubricant leaks, and/or damage
including: tube dents or cracks,
constant velocity joint or
universal joint looseness,
cracked or missing boots, loose
or missing boot clamps, center
bearing excessive looseness,
loose or missing fasteners, and
axle seal leaks. .
Check restraint system
components. See Safety System
Check 071.
. Visually inspect fuel system for
damage or leaks.
. Visually inspect exhaust system
and nearby heat shields for
loose or damaged parts.
. Lubricate body components. See
Exterior Care 0367.
. Check starter switch. See Starter
Switch Check 0308.
. Check ignition transmission lock.
See Ignition Transmission Lock
Check 0308.
. Check parking brake and
automatic transmission park
mechanism. See Park Brake and
P (Park) Mechanism Check
0 309.
. Check accelerator pedal for
damage, high effort, or binding.
Replace if needed.
. Visually inspect gas strut for
signs of wear, cracks, or other
damage. Check the hold open ability of the strut. If the hold
open is low, service the gas
strut. See
Gas Strut(s) 0310.
. Inspect sunroof track and seal,
if equipped. See Sunroof044.
. Verify spare tire key lock
operation and lubricate as
needed. See Tire Changing
0 349.
. Visually inspect the spare tire to
ensure that it is tightly stowed
under the vehicle. Push, pull,
and try to turn the tire. If the
spare tire moves, tighten as
necessary. See Tire Changing
0 349.

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Cana-
da/Mexico-13566587) - 2020 - CRC - 4/15/19
422 Index
Assistance Program,Roadside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
Assistance Systems for Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Assistance Systems for Parking and Backing . . . . . . . . . . 242
Automatic
Dimming Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Door Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Emergency Braking (AEB) . . . . 248
Headlamp System . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Level Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Transmission Fluid . . . . . . 292, 295
Automatic Transmission Manual Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Shift Lock Control Function
Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Axle, Front . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Axle, Rear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
B
Battery Exterior Lighting BatterySaver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Load Management . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Battery (cont'd)
Power Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Battery - North America . . . . 305, 360
Blade Replacement, Wiper . . . . . 309
Blind Spot Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Brake Pedal and AdjustableThrottle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
System Warning Light . . . . . . . . 138
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Antilock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Braking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 AutomaticEmergency (AEB) . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Break-In, New Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . 201
Bulb Replacement
Back-up Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Fog Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Headlamp Aiming . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Headlamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
High Intensity Discharge(HID) Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
License Plate Lamps . . . . . . . . . 314
Buying New Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
C
Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
California Perchlorate MaterialsRequirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
California Proposition
65 Warning . . . . . . . . . .282, 305, 360, Back Cover
Canadian Vehicle Owners . . . . . . . . 2
Capacities and
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Carbon Monoxide Engine Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Liftgate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Winter Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Cargo Tie-Downs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
Caution, Danger, and Warning . . . . 3
Center Console Storage . . . . . . . . 110
Center Seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Chains, Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Charging Wireless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Charging System Light . . . . . . . . . 135
Check Engine Light (MalfunctionIndicator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Cana-
da/Mexico-13566587) - 2020 - CRC - 4/15/19
424 Index
DrivingAssistance Systems . . . . . . . . . . 245
Better Fuel Economy . . . . . . . . . 184
Characteristics and
Towing Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Defensive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Drunk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Hill and Mountain Roads . . . . . . 193
If the Vehicle is Stuck . . . . . . . . . 195
Loss of Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Off-Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Off-Road Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Vehicle Load Limits . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Wet Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Winter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Dual Automatic Climate
Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
E
E85 or FlexFuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Electrical Equipment,Add-On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Electrical System Engine Compartment FuseBlock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Fuses and Circuit Breakers . . . 315
Instrument Panel Fuse
Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320, 323 Electrical System (cont'd)
Overload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Rear Compartment Fuse
Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Emergency OnStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .411
Engine Air Cleaner/Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Check Light (MalfunctionIndicator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Compartment Overview . . . . . . . 286
Coolant Temperature Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Coolant Temperature
Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Drive Belt Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Oil Life System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Oil Pressure Gauge . . . . . . . . . . 130
Oil Pressure Light . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Overheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Power Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Running While Parked . . . . . . . . 212
Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Entry Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Equipment, Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Event Data Recorders . . . . . . . . . . 408
Exit Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Extended Parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Extender, Seat Belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Exterior Lamp Controls . . . . . . . . . 164
Exterior Lamps Off Reminder . . . 166
Exterior Lighting Battery
Saver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
F
FanEngine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Filter, Engine Air Cleaner . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Flashers, Hazard Warning . . . . . . 168
Flat Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 Changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
FlexFuel E85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Floor Console Storage . . . . . . . . . . 111
Floor Mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Fluid AutomaticTransmission . . . . . . . . . . . 292, 295
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Cana-
da/Mexico-13566587) - 2020 - CRC - 4/15/19
428 Index
Monitor System, TirePressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
N
Navigation
Connected Services . . . . . . . . . . 418
Net, Convenience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
New Vehicle Break-In . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Noise Control System . . . . . . . . . . 306
O
Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Trip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Off-Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Oil
Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Engine Oil Life System . . . . . . . 291
Engine Oil Pressure Gauge . . . 130
Pressure Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Older Children, Restraints . . . . . . . 86
Online Owner Center . . . . . . . . . . . 399
OnStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
OnStar Additional
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
OnStar Emergency . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
OnStar Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
OnStar Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 Operation
Fog Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Outlets Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Overheating, Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Overview Instrument Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
P
Park
Shifting Out of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Park Assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Parking
Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Brake and P (Park)Mechanism Check . . . . . . . . . . 309
Extended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211
Over Things That Burn . . . . . . . .211
Parking or Backing Assistance Systems . . . . . . . . . . 242
Passenger Airbag Status
Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Passenger Compartment Air Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Passenger Sensing System . . . . . 80
Perchlorate Materials Requirements, California . . . . . . 283 Personalization
Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Power Door Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Protection, Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Retained Accessory (RAP) . . . 209
Seat Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Power Assist Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Pregnancy, Using Seat Belts . . . . 70
Privacy
Vehicle Data Recording . . . . . . . 407
Program Courtesy Transportation . . . . . . 402
Prohibited Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Proposition 65 Warning,
California . . . . . . . . . . . .282, 305, 360, Back Cover
Publication Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
R
Radio Frequency Statement . . . . 405
Reading Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Rear Axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306