instrument panel JEEP WRANGLER 1994 Owners Manual

FUEL TANKS
INDEX
page page
Fuel Gauge Sending Unit.................. 15
Fuel Tank.............................. 12
Fuel Tank Filler Tube Cap................. 12
Fuel Tank Pressure Relief/Rollover Valve...... 15General Information....................... 12
Heat Shields............................ 12
No-Lead Fuel Tank Filler Tube.............. 12
GENERAL INFORMATION
All vehicles pass a full 360 degree rollover test
without fuel leakage. To accomplish this, fuel and
vapor flow controls are required for all fuel tank con-
nections.
All models are equipped with a pressure relief/roll-
over valve mounted in the top of the fuel pump mod-
ule. The return line from the fuel pump to the fuel
tank contains a one-way check valve.
An evaporative control system prevents raw fuel
vapor from escaping into the atmosphere. Fuel va-
pors from the fuel tank are collected in the EVAP
canister. When the engine is operating, the vapors
are drawn into the intake manifold to be used in
combustion. Refer to Group 25, Emission Control
System for more information.
Inspect all hose/tube connections for completeness.
Be sure that leaks are not present. Replace any hose
that is cracked, scuffed, swelled, has rubbed against
other vehicle components or shows any other sign of
wear that could lead to failure. If it is necessary to
replace a hose, only hose marked EFM/EFI may be
used.
When installing hoses, be sure that they are routed
away from contact with other vehicle components.
The hose clamps used on fuel injected vehicles are
of a special rolled edge construction to prevent the
edge of the clamp from cutting into the hose. Only
these rolled edge type clamps may be used on this
system. Other types of clamps may cut into the hoses
and cause high pressure fuel leaks.
NO-LEAD FUEL TANK FILLER TUBE
All vehicles are designed to operate using Un-
leaded fuels. The diameter of the opening in the fuel
tank filler neck is sized to only accept unleaded fuel
nozzles. Gasoline station pumps for unleaded and
leaded fuels have different size nozzles. Leaded fuel
nozzles are larger in diameter than unleaded nozzles.
The fuel tank filler neck opening is also equipped
with a deflector, which the smaller unleaded nozzle
pushes back upon entering the filler neck. The de-
flector will prevent the larger diameter leaded fuel
nozzles from entering the filler neck and will deflect
fuel away from the filler neck. This happens if filling
of the tank with leaded fuel is attempted.
A label is attached to the instrument panel under
the fuel gauge that reads UNLEADED FUEL ONLY
as a reminder to the driver. A similar label is located
near the fuel tank filler.
FUEL TANK FILLER TUBE CAP
The loss of any fuel or vapor out of the filler neck
is prevented by the use of a safety filler cap. This
will release only under pressure of 10.9 to 13.45 kPa
(1.58 to 1.95 psi). The vacuum release is between .97
and 2.0 kPa (.14 and .29 psi). This cap must be re-
placed by a similar unit if replacement is necessary.
CAUTION: Remove the fuel tank filler tube cap prior
to removing or repairing fuel lines to relieve fuel
tank pressure.
HEAT SHIELDS
The sheet metal heat shields may have to be re-
moved when servicing the fuel tank, fuel lines or va-
por vent line. The heat shields must be installed to
protect the lines and tank from the heat of the ex-
haust system. Refer to Group 11, Exhaust System
and Intake Manifold for proper installation.
FUEL TANK
WARNING: THE FUEL SYSTEM IS UNDER CON-
STANT FUEL PRESSURE (EVEN WITH THE ENGINE
OFF) OF APPROXIMATELY 131-269 KPA (19-39
PSI). THIS PRESSURE MUST BE RELEASED BE-
FORE SERVICING FUEL TANK.
FUEL TANK CAPACITIES
14 - 12 FUEL SYSTEMJ

²Signal ground
Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Outputs
²A/C clutch relay
²Idle air control (IAC) motor
²Auto shut down (ASD) relay
²Generator field
²Malfunction indicator lamp
²Fuel injectors
²Fuel pump relay
²Ignition coil
²SCI transmit (DRB scan tool connection)
²Shift indicator lamp (manual transmission only)
²Speed control vacuum solenoid
²Speed control vent solenoid
²Tachometer (on instrument panel, if equipped)
²Torque converter clutch relay (3-speed auto. trans.
only)
The PCM contains a voltage convertor. This con-
verts battery voltage to a regulated 8.0 volts. It is
used to power the crankshaft position sensor and
camshaft position sensor. The PCM also provides a
five (5) volt supply for the Manifold Absolute Pres-
sure (MAP) sensor and Throttle Position Sensor
(TPS).
AIR CONDITIONING (A/C) CONTROLSÐPCM INPUT
The A/C control system information applies to fac-
tory installed air conditioning units only.
A/C SELECT SIGNAL:When the A/C switch is
in the ON position and the A/C low pressure switch
is closed, an input signal is sent to the powertrain
control module (PCM). The signal informs the PCM
that the A/C has been selected. The PCM adjusts idle
speed to a pre-programmed rpm through the idle air
control (IAC) motor to compensate for increased en-
gine load.
A/C REQUEST SIGNAL:Once A/C has been se-
lected, the PCM receives the A/C request signal from
the evaporator switch. The input indicates that the
evaporator temperature is in the proper range for
A/C application. The PCM uses this input to cycle
the A/C compressor clutch (through the A/C relay). It
will also determine the correct engine idle speed
through the IAC motor position.
If the A/C low pressure switch opens (indicating a
low refrigerant level), the PCM will not receive an
A/C select signal. The PCM will then remove the
ground from the A/C relay. This will deactivate the
A/C compressor clutch.
If the evaporator switch opens, (indicating that
evaporator is not in proper temperature range), the
PCM will not receive the A/C request signal. The
PCM will then remove the ground from the A/C re-
lay, deactivating the A/C compressor clutch.
AUTOMATIC SHUT DOWN (ASD) SENSEÐPCM
INPUT
A 12 volt signal at this input indicates to the PCM
that the ASD has been activated. The ASD relay is
located in the power distribution center (PDC) in the
engine compartment (Figs. 3 or 4). It is used to con-
nect oxygen sensor heater element, ignition coil, gen-
erator field winding and fuel injectors to 12 volt +
power supply. Also refer to Automatic Shut Down
RelayÐPCM Output.
This input is used only to sense that the ASD relay
is energized. If the PCM does not see 12 volts at this
input when the ASD should be activated, it will set a
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC).
BATTERY VOLTAGEÐPCM INPUT
The battery voltage input provides power to the
powertrain control module (PCM). It also informs the
PCM what voltage level is supplied to the ignition
coil and fuel injectors.
If battery voltage is low, the PCM will increase in-
jector pulse width (period of time that the injector is
Fig. 3 Power Distribution CenterÐYJ Models
Fig. 4 Power Distribution CenterÐXJ Models
JFUEL SYSTEM 14 - 19

Refer to Group 8D, Ignition System for more crank-
shaft position sensor information.
The engine will not operate if the PCM does not re-
ceive a crankshaft position sensor input.
ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSORÐPCM
INPUT
The coolant temperature sensor is installed in the
thermostat housing (Fig. 10) and protrudes into the
water jacket. The sensor provides an input voltage to
the powertrain control module (PCM) relating cool-
ant temperature. The PCM uses this input along
with inputs from other sensors to determine injector
pulse width and ignition timing. As coolant temper-
ature varies, the coolant temperature sensor's resis-
tance changes. The change in resistance results in a
different input voltage to the PCM.
When the engine is cold, the PCM will operate in
Open Loop cycle. It will demand slightly richer air-
fuel mixtures and higher idle speeds. This is done
until normal operating temperatures are reached.
Refer to Open Loop/Closed Loop Modes of Opera-
tion in this section of the group for more information.
EXTENDED IDLE SWITCHÐPCM INPUT
OPTIONAL POLICE PACKAGE ONLY
The extended idle switch is used to raise the en-
gine idle speed to approximately 1000 rpm. This is
when the shifter is in either the Park or Neutral po-
sition. A rocker-type 2-wire switch (extended idle
switch) is mounted to the instrument panel. This
switch will supply a ground circuit to the powertrain
control module (PCM).The switch is available
only with 4.0L engine when supplied with the
optional police package.
For testing and diagnosis of this switch and its cir-
cuit, refer to the MFI SystemÐGeneral Diagnosis
section of this group.
IGNITION CIRCUIT SENSEÐPCM INPUT
The ignition circuit sense input tells the powertrain
control module (PCM) the ignition switch has ener-
gized the ignition circuit. Refer to the wiring dia-
grams for circuit information.
MANIFOLD ABSOLUTE PRESSURE (MAP)
SENSORÐPCM INPUT
The MAP sensor reacts to absolute pressure in the
intake manifold. It provides an input voltage to the
powertrain control module (PCM). As engine load
changes, manifold pressure varies. The change in
manifold pressure causes MAP sensor voltage to
change. The change in MAP sensor voltage results in
a different input voltage to the PCM. The input volt-
age level supplies the PCM with information about
ambient barometric pressure during engine start-up
(cranking) and engine load while the engine is run-
ning. The PCM uses this input along with inputs
from other sensors to adjust air-fuel mixture.
The MAP sensor is mounted on the dash panel.
The sensor is connected to the throttle body with a
vacuum hose and to the PCM electrically.
Fig. 8 Sensor LocationÐ4.0L Engine
Fig. 9 Sensor LocationÐ2.5L Engine
Fig. 10 Coolant Temperature SensorÐTypical
JFUEL SYSTEM 14 - 21

FUEL PUMP RELAYÐPCM OUTPUT
The PCM energizes the fuel pump through the fuel
pump relay. Battery voltage is applied to the relay
from the ignition switch. The relay is energized when
a ground is provided by the PCM. Refer to Automatic
Shut Down Relay for additional information.
FUEL INJECTORSÐPCM OUTPUT
Six individual fuel injectors are used with the 4.0L
6 cylinder engine. Four individual fuel injectors are
used with the 2.5L 4 cylinder engine. The injectors
are attached to the fuel rail (Fig. 19).
The nozzle ends of the injectors are positioned into
openings in the intake manifold just above the in-
take valve ports of the cylinder head. The engine
wiring harness connector for each fuel injector is
equipped with an attached numerical tag (INJ 1, INJ
2 etc.). This is used to identify each fuel injector.
The injectors are energized individually in a se-
quential order by the powertrain control module
(PCM). The PCM will adjust injector pulse width by
switching the ground path to each individual injector
on and off. Injector pulse width is the period of time
that the injector is energized. The PCM will adjust
injector pulse width based on various inputs it re-
ceives.
During start up, battery voltage is supplied to the
injectors through the ASD relay. When the engine is
operating, voltage is supplied by the charging sys-
tem. The PCM determines injector pulse width based
on various inputs.
GENERATOR FIELDÐPCM OUTPUT
The powertrain control module (PCM) regulates
the charging system voltage within a range of 12.9 to
15.0 volts. Refer to Group 8A for charging system in-
formation.
GENERATOR LAMPÐPCM OUTPUT
IF EQUIPPED
If the powertrain control module (PCM) senses a
low charging condition in the charging system, it
will illuminate the generator lamp on the instrument
panel. For example, during low idle with all accesso-
ries turned on, the light may momentarily go on.
Once the PCM corrects idle speed to a higher rpm,
the light will go out. Refer to Group 8A, Battery/
Starting/Charging Systems for charging system in-
formation.
IDLE AIR CONTROL (IAC) MOTORÐPCM OUTPUT
The IAC motor is mounted on the throttle body
(Figs. 20 or 21) and is controlled by the powertrain
control module (PCM).
The throttle body has an air control passage that
provides air for the engine at idle (the throttle plate
is closed). The IAC motor pintle protrudes into the
air control passage and regulates air flow through it.
Based on various sensor inputs, the powertrain con-
trol module (PCM) adjusts engine idle speed by mov-
Fig. 19 Fuel InjectorsÐTypical
Fig. 20 IAC MotorÐ4.0L Engine
Fig. 21 IAC MotorÐ2.5L Engine
JFUEL SYSTEM 14 - 25

ing the IAC motor pintle in and out of the air control
passage. The IAC motor is positioned when the igni-
tion key is turned to the On position.
A (factory adjusted) set screw is used to mechani-
cally limit the position of the throttle body throttle
plate.Never attempt to adjust the engine idle
speed using this screw.All idle speed functions are
controlled by the PCM.
IGNITION COILÐPCM OUTPUT
System voltage is supplied to the ignition coil pos-
itive terminal. The powertrain control module (PCM)
operates the ignition coil.Base (initial) ignition
timing is not adjustable.The PCM adjusts ignition
timing to meet changing engine operating conditions.
The ignition coil is located near the ignition distrib-
utor (Fig. 22).
Refer to Group 8D, Ignition System for additional
information.
MALFUNCTION INDICATOR LAMPÐPCM OUTPUT
The Malfunction Indicator Lamp (formerly referred
to as the Check Engine Lamp) illuminates on the in-
strument panel each time the ignition key is turned
on. It will stay on for three seconds as a bulb test.
If the powertrain control module (PCM) receives an
incorrect signal, or no signal from certain sensors or
emission related systems, the lamp is turned on. This
is a warning that the PCM has recorded a system or
sensor malfunction. In some cases, when a problem is
declared, the PCM will go into a limp-in mode. This
is an attempt to keep the system operating. It signals
an immediate need for service.
The lamp can also be used to display a Diagnostic
Trouble Code (DTC). Cycle the ignition switch On-
Off-On-Off-On within three seconds and any codes
stored in the PCM memory will be displayed. This is
done in a series of flashes representing digits. Refer
to On-Board Diagnostics in the General Diagnosis
section of this group for more information.
RADIATOR FAN RELAYÐPCM OUTPUT
XJ MODELS ONLY
The electric radiator cooling fan used in XJ models
(equipped with 4.0L engine, heavy duty cooling
and/or air conditioning) is controlled by the power-
train control module (PCM) through radiator fan re-
lay. The relay is energized when coolant temperature
is above 103ÉC (217ÉF). It will then de-energize when
coolant temperature drops to 98ÉC (208ÉF). Refer to
Group 7, Cooling Systems for more information.
The relay is located in the power distribution cen-
ter (PDC) (Fig. 23).
The electric radiator cooling fan is not used on YJ
models.
SCI TRANSMITÐPCM OUTPUT
SCI Transmit is the serial data communication
transmit circuit for the DRB scan tool. The power-
train control module (PCM) transmits data to the
DRB through the SCI Transmit circuit.
SHIFT INDICATORÐPCM OUTPUT
Vehicles equipped with manual transmissions have
an Up-Shift indicator lamp. The lamp is controlled
by the powertrain control module (PCM). The lamp
illuminates on the instrument panel to indicate when
the driver should shift to the next highest gear for
best fuel economy. The PCM will turn the lamp OFF
after 3 to 5 seconds if the shift of gears is not per-
formed. The up-shift light will remain off until vehi-
cle stops accelerating and is brought back to range of
up-shift light operation. This will also happen if ve-
hicle is shifted into fifth gear.
The indicator lamp is normally illuminated when
the ignition switch is turned on and it is turned off
when the engine is started up. With the engine run-
ning, the lamp is turned on/off depending upon en-
gine speed and load.
Fig. 23 PDCÐXJ Models
Fig. 22 Ignition CoilÐTypical
14 - 26 FUEL SYSTEMJ

SPEED CONTROLÐPCM OUTPUT
Speed control operation is regulated by the power-
train control module (PCM). The PCM controls the
vacuum to the throttle actuator through the speed
control vacuum and vent solenoids. Refer to Group
8H for speed control information.
TACHOMETERÐPCM OUTPUT
The powertrain control module (PCM) supplies en-
gine rpm values to the instrument cluster tachome-
ter (if equipped). Refer to Group 8E for tachometer
information.
TORQUE CONVERTER CLUTCH RELAYÐPCM
OUTPUT
ALL 2.5L 4 CYL. WITH 3-SPEED AUTO. TRANS
4.0L 6 CYL. YJ MODELS WITH 3-SPEED AUTO.
TRANS
The transmission mounted torque converter clutch
(TCC) solenoid is used to control the torque con-
verter. The solenoid is controlled through the power-
train control module (PCM) and by the TCC relay.
This relay is used only on vehicles equipped with a
3-speed automatic transmission.
An electrical output signal is sent from the PCM to
the TCC relay after the PCM receives information
from the vehicle speed, MAP, throttle position and
engine coolant temperature sensors. After the TCC
relay receives this necessary information, it will send
a signal to the torque converter clutch solenoid to
control the torque converter.
On YJ models the TCC relay is located in the en-
gine compartment, on the cowl panel and near the
battery (Fig. 24). On XJ models the TCC relay is lo-
cated in the power distribution center (PDC) (Fig.
23).
OPEN LOOP/CLOSED LOOP MODES OF
OPERATION
As input signals to the powertrain control module
(PCM) change, the PCM adjusts its response to the
output devices. For example, the PCM must calculate
different injector pulse width and ignition timing for
idle than it does for wide open throttle (WOT). There
are several different modes of operation that deter-
mine how the PCM responds to the various input sig-
nals.
MODES
²Open Loop
²Closed Loop
During Open Loop modes, the powertrain control
module (PCM) receives input signals and responds
only according to preset PCM programming. Input
from the oxygen (O2S) sensor is not monitored dur-
ing Open Loop modes.
During Closed Loop modes, the PCM will monitor
the oxygen (O2S) sensor input. This input indicates
to the PCM whether or not the calculated injector
pulse width results in the ideal air-fuel ratio. This
ratio is 14.7 parts air-to-1 part fuel. By monitoring
the exhaust oxygen content through the O2S sensor,
the PCM can fine tune the injector pulse width. This
is done to achieve optimum fuel economy combined
with low emission engine performance.
The fuel injection system has the following modes
of operation:
²Ignition switch ON
²Engine start-up (crank)
²Engine warm-up
²Idle
²Cruise
²Acceleration
²Deceleration
²Wide open throttle (WOT)
²Ignition switch OFF
The ignition switch On, engine start-up (crank),
engine warm-up, acceleration, deceleration and wide
open throttle modes are Open Loop modes. The idle
and cruise modes, (with the engine at operating tem-
perature) are Closed Loop modes.
IGNITION SWITCH (KEY-ON) MODE
This is an Open Loop mode. When the fuel system
is activated by the ignition switch, the following ac-
tions occur:
²The powertrain control module (PCM) pre-posi-
tions the idle air control (IAC) motor.
²The PCM determines atmospheric air pressure
from the MAP sensor input to determine basic fuel
strategy.
²The PCM monitors the engine coolant temperature
sensor input. The PCM modifies fuel strategy based
on this input.
Fig. 24 TCC Relay LocationÐYJ Models
JFUEL SYSTEM 14 - 27

²Intake manifold air temperature sensor input is
monitored
²Throttle position sensor (TPS) is monitored
²The auto shut down (ASD) relay is energized by
the PCM for approximately three seconds.
²The fuel pump is energized through the fuel pump
relay by the PCM. The fuel pump will operate for ap-
proximately one second unless the engine is operat-
ing or the starter motor is engaged
²The O2S sensor heater element is energized
through the fuel pump relay. The O2S sensor input
is not used by the PCM to calibrate air-fuel ratio
during this mode of operation.
²The up-shift indicator light is illuminated (manual
transmission only).
ENGINE START-UP MODE
This is an Open Loop mode. The following actions
occur when the starter motor is engaged.
The powertrain control module (PCM) receives in-
puts from:
²Battery voltage
²Engine coolant temperature sensor
²Crankshaft position sensor
²Intake manifold air temperature sensor
²Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor
²Throttle position sensor (TPS)
²Starter motor relay
²Camshaft position sensor signal
The PCM monitors the crankshaft position sensor.
If the PCM does not receive a crankshaft position
sensor signal within 3 seconds of cranking the en-
gine, it will shut down the fuel injection system.
The fuel pump is activated by the PCM through
the fuel pump relay.
Voltage is applied to the fuel injectors with the
PCM. The PCM will then control the injection se-
quence and injector pulse width by turning the
ground circuit to each individual injector on and off.
The PCM determines the proper ignition timing ac-
cording to input received from the crankshaft posi-
tion sensor.
ENGINE WARM-UP MODE
This is an Open Loop mode. During engine warm-
up, the powertrain control module (PCM) receives in-
puts from:
²Battery voltage
²Crankshaft position sensor
²Engine coolant temperature sensor
²Intake manifold air temperature sensor
²Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor
²Throttle position sensor (TPS)
²Camshaft position sensor signal (in the distributor)
²Park/Neutral Switch (Gear indicator signalÐauto.
trans. only)
²Air conditioning select signal (if equipped)
²Air conditioning request signal (if equipped)Based on these inputs the following occurs:
²Voltage is applied to the fuel injectors with the
powertrain control module (PCM). The PCM will
then control the injection sequence and injector pulse
width by turning the ground circuit to each individ-
ual injector on and off.
²The PCM adjusts engine idle speed through the
idle air control (IAC) motor and adjusts ignition tim-
ing.
²The PCM operates the A/C compressor clutch
through the clutch relay. This is done if A/C has
been selected by the vehicle operator and requested
by the A/C thermostat.
²If the vehicle has a manual transmission, the up-
shift light is operated by the PCM.
²When engine has reached operating temperature,
the PCM will begin monitoring O2S sensor input.
The system will then leave the warm-up mode and
go into closed loop operation.
IDLE MODE
When the engine is at operating temperature, this
is a Closed Loop mode. At idle speed, the powertrain
control module (PCM) receives inputs from:
²Air conditioning select signal (if equipped)
²Air conditioning request signal (if equipped)
²Battery voltage
²Crankshaft position sensor
²Engine coolant temperature sensor
²Intake manifold air temperature sensor
²Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor
²Throttle position sensor (TPS)
²Camshaft position sensor signal (in the distributor)
²Battery voltage
²Park/Neutral Switch (gear indicator signalÐauto.
trans. only)
²Oxygen sensor
Based on these inputs, the following occurs:
²Voltage is applied to the fuel injectors with the
powertrain control module (PCM). The PCM will
then control injection sequence and injector pulse
width by turning the ground circuit to each individ-
ual injector on and off.
²The PCM monitors the O2S sensor input and ad-
justs air-fuel ratio by varying injector pulse width. It
also adjusts engine idle speed through the idle air
control (IAC) motor.
²The PCM adjusts ignition timing by increasing
and decreasing spark advance.
²The PCM operates the A/C compressor clutch
through the clutch relay. This happens if A/C has
been selected by the vehicle operator and requested
by the A/C thermostat.
The optional Extended Idle Switch is used to raise
the engine idle speed to approximately 1000 rpm.
This is when the shifter is in either the Park or Neu-
tral position. A rocker-type 2-wire switch (extended
idle switch) is mounted to the instrument panel. This
14 - 28 FUEL SYSTEMJ

EXTENDED IDLE SWITCH TEST
OPTIONAL POLICE PACKAGE ONLY
OPERATION
The extended idle switch is used to raise the en-
gine idle speed to approximately 1000 rpm when the
shifter is in either the Park or Neutral position. A
rocker-type 2-wire switch (extended idle switch) is
mounted to the instrument panel.This switch is
available only with 4.0L engine when supplied
with the optional police package.
TESTING
The extended idle switch will control a ground cir-
cuit going to the powertrain control module (PCM).
When a ground signal (through this switch) has been
received at pin number 10 in the PCM, engine idle
speed will increase.
Bring the engine to normal operating temperature
and turn the extended idle switch to the ON position.
Engine speed should now increase to approximately
1000 rpm when the shifter is in either the Park or
Neutral position. If engine speed does not increase,
apply a good ground to pin number 10 at the PCM
using a small paper clip. Be careful not to damage
the wiring with the paper clip. If the engine speed
now increases, it can be assumed that the PCM is
functioning correctly. Check the instrument panel
mounted switch for a closed ground circuit when in
the ON position. If the engine speed will not increase
after applying a ground to pin number 10, replace
the PCM. Refer to Group 8W, Wiring Diagrams for
circuit and wiring information.
THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR (TPS) TEST
To perform a complete test of the sensor and its cir-
cuitry, refer to DRB scan tool and appropriate Pow-
ertrain Diagnostics Procedures manual. To test the
sensor only, refer to the following:
The throttle position sensor (TPS) can be tested
with a digital voltmeter. The center terminal of the
TPS is the output terminal (Figs. 39 or 40).
With the ignition key in the ON position, back-
probe the TPS connector. Check the TPS output volt-
age at the center terminal wire of the connector.
Check this at idle (throttle plate closed) and at wide
open throttle (WOT). At idle, TPS output voltage
should must be greater than 200 millivolts. At wide
open throttle, TPS output voltage must be less than
4.8 volts. The output voltage should increase gradu-
ally as the throttle plate is slowly opened from idle to
WOT.
TORQUE CONVERTER CLUTCH RELAY TEST
To test the relay only, refer to RelaysÐOperation/
Testing in this section of the group. To test the
torque converter clutch circuit and related compo-nents, refer to the appropriate Powertrain Diagnostic
Procedures manual for operation of the DRB scan
tool.
VEHICLE SPEED SENSOR TEST
To perform a complete test of the sensor and its cir-
cuitry, refer to DRB scan tool and appropriate Pow-
ertrain Diagnostics Procedures manual.
OXYGEN SENSOR (O2S) HEATING ELEMENT TEST
To perform a complete test of the O2S sensor (Fig.
41) and its circuitry, refer to DRB scan tool and ap-
propriate Powertrain Diagnostics Procedures manual.
To test the sensor only, refer to the following:
The oxygen sensor heating element can be tested
with an ohmmeter as follows:
With the sensor at room temperature 25 degrees C
(77 degrees F), disconnect the O2S sensor connector.
Connect the ohmmeter test leads across the white
wire terminals of the sensor connector. Resistance
should be between 5 and 7 ohms. Replace the sensor
if the ohmmeter displays an infinity (open) reading.
Fig. 39 TPS TestingÐ2.5L Engine
Fig. 40 TPS TestingÐ4.0L Engine
JFUEL SYSTEM 14 - 45

Excessive Oil Consumption: Although the PCM
monitors exhaust stream oxygen content through ox-
ygen sensor (closed loop), it cannot determine exces-
sive oil consumption.
Throttle Body Air Flow: The PCM cannot detect
a clogged or restricted air cleaner inlet or air filter
element.
Evaporative System: The PCM will not detect a
restricted, plugged or loaded EVAP canister.
Vacuum Assist: Leaks or restrictions in the vac-
uum circuits of vacuum assisted engine control sys-
tem devices are not monitored by the PCM. However,
a vacuum leak at the MAP sensor will be monitored
and a diagnostic trouble code (DTC) will be gener-
ated by the PCM.
Powertrain Control Module (PCM) System
Ground: The PCM cannot determine a poor system
ground. However, a DTC may be generated as a re-
sult of this condition.
Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Connector
Engagement: The PCM cannot determine spread or
damaged connector pins. However, a DTC may be
generated as a result of this condition.
HIGH AND LOW LIMITS
The powertrain control module (PCM) compares in-
put signal voltages from each input device. It will es-
tablish high and low limits that are programmed into
it for that device. If the input voltage is not within
specifications and other Diagnostic Trouble Code
(DTC) criteria are met, a DTC will be stored in mem-
ory. Other DTC criteria might include engine rpm
limits or input voltages from other sensors or
switches. The other inputs might have to be sensed
by the PCM when it senses a high or low input volt-
age from the control system device in question.
ACCESSING DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES
A stored Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) can be dis-
played by cycling the ignition key On-Off-On-Off-On
within three seconds and observing the Malfunction
Indicator Lamp. This lamp was formerly referred to
as the Check Engine Lamp. The lamp is located on
the instrument panel.
They can also be displayed through the use of the
Diagnostic Readout Box (DRB) scan tool. The DRB
scan tool connects to the data link connector in the
engine compartment (Figs. 45 or 46). For operation of
the DRB, refer to the appropriate Powertrain Diag-
nostic Procedures service manual.
EXAMPLES:
²If the lamp flashes 4 times, pauses and flashes 1
more time, a flashing Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC)
number 41 is indicated.
²If the lamp flashes 4 times, pauses and flashes 6
more times, a flashing Diagnostic Trouble Code
(DTC) number 46 is indicated.After any stored DTC information has been ob-
served, the display will end with a flashing DTC
number 55. This will indicate the end of all stored
information.
Refer to the Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) charts
for DTC identification.
If the problem is repaired or ceases to exist, the
Powertrain Control Module (PCM) cancels the DTC
after 51 engine starts.
Diagnostic Trouble Codes indicate the results of a
failure, but never identify the failed component di-
rectly.
The circuits of the data link connector are shown
in (Fig. 47).
ERASING TROUBLE CODES
After the problem has been repaired, use the DRB
scan tool to erase a Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC).
Refer to the appropriate Powertrain Diagnostic Pro-
cedures service manual for operation of the DRB
scan tool.
Fig. 45 Data Link ConnectorÐYJ ModelsÐTypical
Fig. 46 Data Link ConnectorÐXJ ModelsÐTypical
14 - 50 FUEL SYSTEMJ

Fig. 14 Park Brake Release Handle
Fig. 15 Lower Section Of Instrument Panel Removal/
Installation
Fig. 16 Instrument Panel Ground Wire
Fig. 17 Instrument Panel Tilted Rearward
23 - 94 BODY COMPONENTSÐXJ VEHICLESJ