brakes LINCOLN LS 2002 User Guide

The AdvanceTracyon/off control
button allows the driver to control
the availability of the Traction
Controlyand AdvanceTracy
system. This is independent of the
ABS function, whichCANNOTbe
switched off by the driver. The
AdvanceTracysystem status is
indicated by a warning indicator
light with a ªsliding carº icon in the
instrument cluster that will flash
when the system is active and an indicator light in the control button
that will illuminate when the system is turned OFF. In vehicles with a
message center (if equipped), the message ªADVANCETRAC OFFº is
displayed. If a failure is detected in the AdvanceTracysystem the
warning indicator light in the instrument cluster will stay ON. If the
warning indicator light in the instrument cluster remains ON while the
engine is running, have the system serviced immediately.
The AdvanceTracysystem continually monitors and checks all sensors
used in improving the stability of the vehicle. Some drivers may notice a
slight movement of the brake pedal when the system checks itself.
During AdvanceTracyoperation you may experience the following:
²A rumble or grinding sound much like ABS or Traction Controly
²A slight deceleration or a reduction in the acceleration of the vehicle
²The AdvanceTracyindicator light will flash
²If your foot is on the brake pedal, you will feel a vibration in the pedal
much like ABS. As with any vehicle equipped with four-wheel ABS, do
not pump the brakes, but instead, press firmly on the pedal.
²If the condition is severe and your foot is not on the brake, the brake
pedal will move to apply higher brake forces. You may also hear a
whoosh of air from under the instrument panel during this severe
condition.
All these conditions are normal during AdvanceTracyoperation.
OFF
ATS
Driving
166

If it is necessary to use the above procedure to move the gearshift lever,
it is possible that a fuse has blown or the vehicle's brakelamps are not
operating properly. Refer toFuses and relaysin theRoadside
emergencieschapter.
Do not drive your vehicle until you verify that the brakelamps
are working.
If your vehicle gets stuck in mud or snow it may be rocked out by
shifting from forward and reverse gears, stopping between shifts, in a
steady pattern. Press lightly on the accelerator in each gear.
Do not rock the vehicle if the engine is not at normal operating
temperature or damage to the transmission may occur.
Do not rock the vehicle for more than a few minutes or damage
to the transmission and tires may occur or the engine may
overheat.
Always set the parking brake fully and make sure the gearshift is
latched in P (Park). Turn off the ignition whenever you leave
your vehicle.
If the parking brake is fully released, but the brake warning lamp
remains illuminated, the brakes may not be working properly.
See your dealer or a qualified service technician.
Driving with a 5±speed automatic transmission (if equipped)
Your automatic transmission electronically controls the shift feel by using
an adaptive learning strategy. This feature is designed to increase
durability, and provide consistent shift feel over the life of the vehicle. It
is normal for a new transmission to shift firmly. This operation is
considered normal and will not affect function durability of the
transmission. Once the vehicle is at operating temperature it may take
several shifts at the same operating condition for the transmission to
properly adapt. Over time the adaptive learning process will fully update
transmission operation. The more varied the driving habits, speed and
torque, the longer it may take to adapt but the more complete the
process will be.
Driving
168

DRIVING THROUGH WATER
Do not drive quickly through standing water, especially if the depth is
unknown. Traction or brake capability may be limited and if the ignition
system gets wet, your engine may stall. Water may also enter your
engine's air intake and severely damage your engine.
If driving through deep or standing water is unavoidable, proceed very
slowly. Never drive through water that is higher than the bottom of the
hubs (for trucks) or the bottom of the wheel rims (for cars).
Once through the water, always try the brakes. Wet brakes do not stop the
vehicle as effectively as dry brakes. Drying can be improved by moving your
vehicle slowly while applying light pressure on the brake pedal.
Driving through deep water where the transmission vent tube is
submerged may allow water into the transmission and cause
internal transmission damage.
VEHICLE LOADING
Before loading a vehicle, familiarize yourself with the following terms:
²Base Curb Weight:Weight of the vehicle including any standard
equipment, fluids, lubricants, etc. It does not include occupants or
aftermarket equipment.
²Payload:Combined maximum allowable weight of cargo, occupants
and optional equipment. The payload equals the gross vehicle weight
rating minus base curb weight.
²GVW (Gross Vehicle Weight):Base curb weight plus payload
weight. The GVW is not a limit or a specification.
²GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating):Maximum permissable total
weight of the base vehicle, occupants, optional equipment and cargo.
The GVWR is specific to each vehicle and is listed on the Safety
Certification Label on the driver's door pillar.
²GAWR (Gross Axle Weight Rating):Carrying capacity for each axle
system. The GAWR is specific to each vehicle and is listed on the
Safety Certification Label on the driver's door pillar.
²GCW (Gross Combined Weight):The combined weight of the
towing vehicle (including occupants and cargo) and the loaded trailer.
²GCWR (Gross Combined Weight Rating):Maximum permissable
combined weight of towing vehicle (including occupants and cargo)
and the loaded trailer
Driving
181

TRAILER TOWING
Trailer towing with your vehicle may require the use of a trailer tow
option package.
Trailer towing puts additional loads on your vehicle's engine,
transmission, axle, brakes, tires, and suspension. For your safety and to
maximize vehicle performance, be sure to use the proper equipment
while towing.
Follow these guidelines to ensure safe towing procedure:
²Stay within your vehicle's load limits. If exceeded, cargo should be
removed from the trailer and/or the vehicle until all weights are within
specified limits.
²Thoroughly prepare your vehicle for towing. Refer toPreparing to
towin this chapter.
²Use extra caution when driving while trailer towing. Refer toDriving
while you towin this chapter.
²Service your vehicle more frequently if you tow a trailer. Refer to the
severe duty schedule in the scheduled maintenance guide.
²Do not tow a trailer until your vehicle has been driven at least 800 km
(500 miles).
²Refer to the instructions included with towing accessories for the
proper installation and adjustment specifications.
To ensure that the electrical system is not damaged, you will require a
trailer tow package which includes a trailer tow module and the
necessary wiring to connect the trailer tow module to the electrical
system and to the trailer. This option is available through your dealer or
through Ford Customer Service Division. Please refer toPreparing to
towfor further information.
EngineMaximum GCWR - kg
(lbs.)Trailer weight range (0
- maximum) - kg (lbs.)
3.0L 0- 2 885 (0- 6 361) 0-455 (0-1 003)
3.9L 0- 2 925 (0- 6 450) 0-680 (0-1 500)
3.0L with Sport
Package0- 2 915 (0-6 426) 0-907 (0-2 000)
3.9L with Sport
Package0- 2 950 (0-6 504) 0-907 (0-2 000)
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183

Do not exceed the maximum loads listed on the Certification label. For
load specification terms found on the label, refer toVehicle loadingin
this chapter. Remember to figure in the tongue load of your loaded
trailer when figuring the total weight.
Towing trailers beyond the maximum recommended gross trailer
weight exceeds the limit of the vehicle and could result in
engine damage, transmission damage, structural damage, loss of control
and personal injury.
Preparing to tow
Use the proper equipment for towing a trailer, and make sure it is
properly attached to your vehicle. See your dealer or a reliable trailer
dealer if you require assistance.
Hitches
Do not use hitches that clamp onto the vehicle bumper. Use a load
carrying hitch. You must distribute the load in your trailer so that 10% of
the total weight of the trailer is on the tongue.
Safety chains
Always connect the trailer's safety chains to the frame or hook retainers
of the vehicle hitch. To connect the trailer's safety chains, cross the
chains under the trailer tongue and allow slack for turning corners.
If you use a rental trailer, follow the instructions that the rental agency
gives to you.
Do not attach safety chains to the bumper.
Trailer brakes
Electric brakes and manual, automatic or surge-type trailer brakes are safe if
installed properly and adjusted to the manufacturer's specifications. The
trailer brakes must meet local and Federal regulations.
Do not connect a trailer's hydraulic brake system directly to your
vehicle's brake system. Your vehicle may not have enough
braking power and your chances of having a collision greatly increase.
The braking system of the tow vehicle is rated for operation at the
GVWR not GCWR.
Driving
184

²If you are driving down a long or steep hill, shift to a lower gear. Do
not apply the brakes continuously, as they may overheat and become
less effective.
²The trailer tongue weight should be 10% of the loaded trailer weight.
²After you have traveled 80 km (50 miles), thoroughly check your
hitch, electrical connections and trailer wheel lug nuts.
²When stopped in traffic for long periods of time in hot weather, place
the gearshift in P (Park) and increase idle speed. This aids engine
cooling and air conditioner efficiency.
²Vehicles with trailers should not be parked on a grade. If you must
park on a grade, place wheel chocks under the trailer's wheels.
RECREATIONAL TOWING (ALL WHEELS ON THE GROUND)
Follow these guidelines for your specific powertrain combination to tow
your vehicle with all four wheels on the ground (such as behind a
recreational vehicle).
These guidelines are designed to ensure that your transmission is not
damaged due to insufficient lubrication.
All Rear Wheel Drive (RWD) vehicles
This applies to all cars and 4x2 trucks/sport utilities with rear wheel
drive capability.
An example of recreational towing is towing your vehicle behind a
motorhome. The following recreational towing guidelines are designed to
ensure that your transmission is not damaged.
²Place the transmission in N (Neutral).
²Maximum speed is 56 km/h (35 mph).
²Maximum distance is 80 km (50 miles).
If a distance of 80 km (50 miles) or a speed of 56 km/h (35 mph) must
be exceeded, you must disconnect the driveshaft. Ford recommends the
driveshaft be removed/installed only by a qualified technician. See your
local dealer for driveshaft removal/installation.
Improper removal/installation of the driveshaft can cause
transmission fluid loss, damage to the driveshaft and internal
transmission components.
Driving
186

BRAKE FLUID
Checking and adding brake fluid
Brake fluid should be checked and
refilled as needed. Refer to the
scheduled maintenance guide for
the service interval schedules.
1. Clean the reservoir cap before
removal to prevent dirt or water
from entering the reservoir.
2. Visually inspect the fluid level.
3. If necessary, add brake fluid from
a clean un-opened container until
the level reaches MAX. Do not fill
above this line.
4. Use only brake fluids certified to
meet Ford specification ESA-M6C25±A. Refer toLubricant
specificationsin this chapter. DOT 3 fluid is recommended. However, if
DOT 3 is not available, DOT 4 fluid can be used.
Brake fluid is toxic. If brake fluid contacts the eyes, flush eyes
with running water for 15 minutes. Seek medical attention if
irritation persists. If taken internally, drink water and induce vomiting.
Seek medical attention immediately.
If you use DOT 5 or any other brake fluid that is not DOT 3 or
DOT 4, you will cause permanent damage to your brakes.
Do not let the fluid level in the reservoir for the master cylinder
fall below the MIN mark. If master cylinder runs dry, this may
cause the brakes to fail.
MAX
MIN
Maintenance and Specifications
251

A
Accessory delay ..........................74
AdvanceTrac ..............................165
Air bag supplemental
restraint system ................139, 143
and child safety seats ............141
description ......................139, 143
disposal ....................................146
driver air bag ..................141, 144
indicator light ...........12, 143, 145
operation .........................141, 144
passenger air bag ...........141, 144
side air bag ..............................143
Air cleaner filter .......253±254, 261
Air conditioning ..........................48
Air filter, cabin ............................59
Antifreeze
(see Engine coolant) ................237
Anti-lock brake system
(see Brakes) ..............................161
Anti-theft system ......................120
arming the system ..................120
disarming a triggered
system .....................................120
Audio system (see Radio) .........31
Automatic transmission ............167
driving an automatic
overdrive .................................168
fluid, adding ............................252
fluid, checking ........................252
fluid, refill capacities ..............261
fluid, specification ..................264
Axle
lubricant specifications ..263±264
refill capacities ........................261B
Battery .......................................235
acid, treating
emergencies ............................235
charging system
warning light .............................12
jumping a disabled battery ....202
maintenance-free ....................235
replacement, specifications ...261
servicing ..................................235
Belt minder ...............................134
Brakes ........................................160
anti-lock ...................................161
anti-lock brake system
(ABS) warning light .........12, 162
brake warning light ..................11
fluid, checking and adding ....251
fluid, refill capacities ..............261
fluid, specifications .........263±264
lubricant
specifications ..................263±264
parking ....................................162
shift interlock ..........................167
Break-in period .............................6
C
Capacities for refilling fluids ....261
Cargo net ...................................107
Cassette tape player ...................31
CD changer .................................44
Certification Label ....................271
Child safety restraints ..............147
child safety belts ....................147
Child safety seats ......................148
attaching with tether
straps .......................................152
Index
276

H
Hazard flashers .........................188
Head restraints .........................121
Headlamps ...................................60
aiming ..................................63±64
autolamp system .......................60
bulb specifications ....................66
daytime running lights .............61
flash to pass ..............................62
high beam .................................15
replacing bulbs .........................67
turning on and off ....................60
warning chime ..........................15
Heating ........................................48
HomeLink universal
transceiver (see Garage
door opener) .........................86±89
Hood ..........................................229
I
Ignition .......................156, 264±265
removing the key ....................180
Infant seats
(see Safety seats) .....................148
Inspection/maintenance
(I/M) testing ..............................266
Instrument panel
cleaning ...................................224
cluster ................................10, 225
lighting up panel
and interior ...............................62
J
Jack ............................................198
positioning ...............................198
storage .....................................198
Jump-starting your vehicle ......202K
Keyless entry system
autolock ...................................115
Keys ...........................108, 117, 119
key in ignition chime ...............15
positions of the ignition .........156
removing from the ignition ....180
valet key ..................................108
L
Lamps
autolamp system .......................60
bulb replacement
specifications chart ..................66
cargo lamps ...............................62
daytime running light ...............61
fog lamps ...................................61
headlamps .................................60
headlamps, flash to pass ..........62
instrument panel,
dimming .....................................62
interior lamps .....................65, 67
replacing bulbs .............65, 67±68
Lane change indicator
(see Turn signal) ........................64
Lights, warning and indicator ....10
AdvanceTrac .............................13
air bag ........................................12
anti-lock brakes (ABS) ....12, 162
brake ..........................................11
bulb warning .............................14
charging system ........................12
check engine .............................10
cruise indicator .........................14
door ajar ....................................15
fuel cap light .............................11
high beam ...........................14±15
low coolant ................................13
Index
279