engine LINCOLN NAVIGATOR 2018 Workshop Manual

SelectShift™ Automatic Transmission
Your vehicle is equipped with a SelectShiftAutomatic transmission. The SelectShiftAutomatic transmission gives you the abilityto change gears up or down, without aclutch, as desired.
In order to prevent the engine from runningat too low of an RPM, which may cause it tostall, SelectShift still automatically makessome downshifts if it has determined thatyou have not downshifted in time. AlthoughSelectShift makes some downshifts for you,it still allows you to downshift at any time aslong as the SelectShift determines thatdamage to the engine does not occur fromover-revving.
Note:Engine damage may occur if youmaintain excessive engine revving withoutshifting.
SelectShift does not automatically upshift,even if the engine is approaching the RPMlimit. It must be shifted manually by pressingthe + paddle.
Pull the + paddle on the steering wheel toactivate SelectShift.
•Pull the right paddle (+) to upshift.
•Pull the left paddle (–) to downshift.
SelectShift in drive (D):
Provides a temporary manual mode forperforming more demanding maneuverswhere extra control of gear selection isrequired (for example, when towing, downhilldriving or overtaking). This mode holds aselected gear for a temporary period of timedependent on driver inputs (for example,steering or accelerator pedal input).
In SelectShift mode, the instrument clusterdisplays your currently selected gear. If yourequest a gear, but it is not available due tovehicle conditions, low speed, too highengine speed for requested gear selection,the current gear briefly flashes.
Note:At full accelerator pedal travel, thetransmission downshifts for maximumperformance.
Note:In low traction conditions, you can pullaway in second gear using SelectShift. Toperform this operation, select drive (D) andpress the + paddle until 2 is displayed on thecluster. Your vehicle is now ready to movein 2nd gear.
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Brake-Shift Interlock Override
WARNING: When doing thisprocedure, you need to take thetransmission out of park (P) which meansyour vehicle can roll freely. To avoidunwanted vehicle movement, always fullyapply the parking brake prior to doing thisprocedure. Use wheels chocks ifappropriate.
WARNING: Do not drive your vehicleuntil you verify that the stoplamps areworking.
WARNING: If the parking brake isfully released, but the brake warning lampremains illuminated, the brakes may notbe working properly. Have your vehiclechecked as soon as possible.
Note:See your authorized dealer as soonas possible if this procedure is used.
Note:For some markets this feature isdisabled.
Note:This feature only functions if your12-volt battery has power.
Use the brake-shift interlock override tomove your transmission from the parkposition in the event of an electricalmalfunction.
1. Apply the parking brake and start theengine before performing this procedure.
2. Locate your brake-shift interlock accessslot. The slot is located below the CDplayer, in your center console storagebin. The access slot does not have alabel.
Note:Make sure that you correctly identifythe access hole as not to damage the CDplayer.
3. Using a tool, press and hold the brakeshift interlock switch. The shift buttonson the instrument panel flash when yourvehicle is in override mode.
4. With the override switch still held, pressthe neutral (N) button to shift from park.
5. Release the override button.
6.Your vehicle can be shifted to the desiredgear and driven, if desired.
7. Release the parking brake.
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Automatic Transmission AdaptiveLearning
This feature may increase durability andprovide consistent shift feel over the life ofyour vehicle. A new vehicle or transmissionmay have firm shifts, soft shifts or both. Thisoperation is considered normal and does notaffect function or durability of thetransmission. Over time, the adaptivelearning process fully updates transmissionoperation.
If Your Vehicle Gets Stuck In Mud orSnow
Note:Do not rock your vehicle if the engineis not at normal operating temperature ordamage to the transmission may occur.
Note:Do not rock your vehicle for more thana minute or damage to the transmission andtires may occur, or the engine may overheat.
If your vehicle gets stuck in mud or snow,you may rock it out by shifting betweenforward and reverse gears, stoppingbetween shifts in a steady pattern. Presslightly on the accelerator in each gear.
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Transmission

Note:The AdvanceTrac® with RSC® stabilityenhancement system can be switched offby deselecting the feature in the clustermenu. See Using Traction Control (page232). This disables the engine managementfeature, allowing the vehicle to maintain fullpower and enhanced momentum throughthe obstacle.
Note:The AdvanceTrac system can takecontrol of the transfer case clutch anddisable it during driving maneuvers whennecessary.
Your vehicle engages 4X4 modes based onthe currently selected Drive Mode. SeeDrive Mode Control (page 285).
Note:The information display could showmessages during 4WD operation. SeeInformation Messages (page 124).
2H - 4X2
2H turns on when you select NORMAL orCONSERVE. Power is delivered to the rearwheels only. This mode is appropriate fornormal on-road driving on dry pavement andprovides the best fuel economy.
4A - 4X4 Auto
4A turns on when you select EXCITE,NORMAL 4x4 AUTO or SLIPPERY. Itprovides electronically controlled four-wheeldrive with power delivered to all four wheels,as required, for increased traction. 4A iscalibrated in conjunction with Drive Mode.4A in EXCITE is less aggressively tuned andis appropriate for dry road surfaces. 4A inNORMAL 4x4 AUTO is appropriate for allon-road driving conditions, such as dry roadsurfaces, wet pavement, light snow or gravel.4A in SLIPPERY is more aggressively tunedand is appropriate for slippery surfaces, suchas light snow or gravel.
4H - 4X4 High
4H turns on when you select DEEPCONDITIONS. It provides electronicallylocked four-wheel drive power to both thefront and rear wheels for use in off-road orwinter conditions such as deep snow, sandor mud. This mode is not for use on drypavement.
4L - 4X4 Low
4L turns on when you select SLOW CLIMB.It provides electronically locked four-wheeldrive power to both the front and rear wheelsfor use on low traction surfaces, but does sowith additional gearing for increased torquemultiplication. Intended only for off-roadapplications such as deep sand, steepgrades or pulling heavy objects. 4L does notengage when your vehicle is moving above3 mph (5 km/h); this is normal and should beno reason for concern.
Shifting Between 4WD System Modes
Note:Momentarily releasing the acceleratorpedal when a shift in progress messagedisplays improves engagement anddisengagement performance.
Note:Do not perform this operation if therear wheels are slipping.
Note:You may hear some noise as thesystem shifts or engages; this is normal.
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Four-Wheel Drive (If Equipped)

Basic Operating Principles
•Do not use SLIPPERY, DEEPCONDITIONS or SLOW CLIMB on dry,hard surfaced roads. Doing so producesexcessive noise, increases tire wear andmay damage drive components. The 4X4system in these modes is only intendedfor consistently slippery or loosesurfaces.
•Drive slower in strong crosswinds whichcan affect the normal steeringcharacteristics of your vehicle.
•When driving your vehicle on surfacesmade slippery by loose sand, water,gravel, snow or ice, proceed with care.
If Your Vehicle leaves the Road
If your vehicle leaves the road, reduce yourvehicle speed and avoid severe braking.When your vehicle speed has been reducedease your vehicle back onto the road. Donot turn the steering wheel sharply whenreturning your vehicle to the road.
It may be safer to stay on the shoulder of theroad and slow down gradually beforereturning to the road. You may lose controlif you do not slow down or if you turn thesteering wheel too sharply or abruptly.
It may be less risky to strike small objects,such as freeway reflectors, with minordamage to your vehicle rather than attempta sudden return to the road which couldcause your vehicle to slide sideways out ofcontrol or roll over. Remember, your safetyand the safety of others should be yourprimary concern.
If your vehicle gets stuck
WARNING: Do not spin the wheelsat over 34 mph (55 km/h). The tires mayfail and injure a passenger or bystander.
Note:Do not rock your vehicle if the engineis not at normal operating temperature,damage to the transmission may occur.
Note:Do not rock your vehicle for more thana minute, damage to the transmission andtires may occur or the engine may overheat.
If your vehicle gets stuck in mud or snow itmay be rocked out by shifting betweenforward and reverse gears, stoppingbetween shifts, in a steady pattern. Presslightly on the accelerator in each gear.
Emergency Maneuvers
In an unavoidable emergency situationwhere a sudden sharp turn must be made,remember to avoid over-driving your vehicle(i.e. turn the steering wheel only as rapidlyand as far as required to avoid theemergency). Excessive steering can resultin loss of vehicle control. Apply smoothpressure to the accelerator pedal or brakepedal when changes in vehicle speed arerequired. Avoid abrupt steering, accelerationand braking. This could result in an increasedrisk of vehicle roll over, loss of vehicle controland personal injury. Use all available roadsurface to bring your vehicle to a safedirection of travel.
In the event of an emergency stop, avoidskidding the tires and do not attempt anysharp steering wheel movements.
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Four-Wheel Drive (If Equipped)

When climbing a steep slope or hill, start ina lower gear rather than downshifting to alower gear from a higher gear once theascent has started. This reduces strain onthe engine and the possibility of stalling.
If your vehicle stalls, do not try to turn aroundbecause this could cause vehicle roll over.It is better to reverse back to a safe location.
Apply just enough power to the wheels toclimb the hill. Too much power causes thetires to slip, spin or lose traction, resulting inloss of vehicle control.
Descend a hill in the same gear you woulduse to climb up the hill to avoid excessivebrake application and brake overheating. Donot descend in neutral. Disengage overdriveor move the transmission selector lever to alower gear. When descending a steep hill,avoid sudden hard braking as you could losecontrol. The front wheels have to be turningin order to steer your vehicle.
If your vehicle has anti-lock brakes, apply thebrakes steadily. Do not pump the brakes.
Driving on Snow and Ice
WARNING: If you are driving inslippery conditions that require tire chainsor cables, then it is critical that you drivecautiously. Keep speeds down, allow forlonger stopping distances and avoidaggressive steering to reduce the chancesof a loss of vehicle control which can leadto serious injury or death. If the rear endof your vehicle slides while cornering, steerin the direction of the slide until you regaincontrol of your vehicle.
Note:Excessive tire slippage can causetransmission damage.
Four-wheel drive vehicles have advantagesover two-wheel drive vehicles in snow andice but can skid like any other vehicle.Should you start to slide when driving onsnowy or icy roads, turn the steering wheelin the direction of the slide until you regaincontrol.
Avoid sudden applications of power andquick changes of direction on snow and ice.Apply the accelerator slowly and steadilywhen starting from a full stop.
Avoid sudden braking. Although a four-wheeldrive vehicle may accelerate better than atwo-wheel drive vehicle in snow and ice, itdoes not stop any faster as braking occursat all four wheels. Do not becomeoverconfident in any road condition.
Make sure you allow sufficient distancebetween you and other vehicles for stopping.Drive slower than usual and consider usingone of the lower gears. In emergencystopping situations, apply the brake steadily.Do not pump the brake pedal. See Hints onDriving With Anti-Lock Brakes (page 226).
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GENERAL INFORMATION
Note: Occasional brake noise is normal. Ifa metal-to-metal, continuous grinding orcontinuous squeal sound is present, thebrake linings may be worn-out and anauthorized dealer should check them. If thevehicle has continuous vibration or shudderin the steering wheel while braking, anauthorized dealer should check your vehicle.
Note:Brake dust may accumulate on thewheels, even under normal drivingconditions. Some dust is inevitable as thebrakes wear and does not contribute tobrake noise. See Cleaning the Wheels(page 389).
See Warning Lamps andIndicators (page 113).
Wet brakes result in reduced brakingefficiency. Gently press the brake pedal afew times when driving from a car wash orstanding water to dry the brakes.
Brake Over Accelerator
In the event the accelerator pedal becomesstuck or entrapped, apply steady and firmpressure to the brake pedal to slow thevehicle and reduce engine power. If youexperience this condition, apply the brakesand bring your vehicle to a safe stop. Switchthe engine off, move the transmission to park(P) and apply the parking brake. Inspect theaccelerator pedal and the area around it forany items or debris that may be obstructingits movement.If none are found and thecondition persists, have your vehicle towedto the nearest authorized dealer.
Emergency Brake Assist
Emergency brake assist detects when youbrake heavily by measuring the rate at whichyou press the brake pedal. It providesmaximum braking efficiency as long as youpress the pedal. Emergency brake assistcan reduce stopping distances in criticalsituations.
Anti-lock Brake System
This system helps you maintain steeringcontrol during emergency stops by keepingthe brakes from locking.
This lamp momentarily illuminateswhen you switch the ignition on. Ifthe light does not illuminate duringstart up, remains on or flashes, the anti-lockbraking system may be disabled. Have thesystem checked by an authorized dealer. Ifthe anti-lock brake system is disabled,normal braking is still effective.
If the brake warning lampilluminates with the parking brakereleased, have your brake systemserviced immediately.
It also illuminates momentarily when youswitch the ignition on to confirm the lamp isfunctional. If it does not illuminate when youswitch the ignition on, or begins to flash atany time, have the system checked by anauthorized dealer.
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The electric parking brake automaticallyreleases if:
•You close the driver door.
•You put the transmission in a forward orreverse gear.
•You press the accelerator pedal.
When you release the electric parking brake,the brake system warning lamp turns off.
Note:If the electric parking brake warninglamp stays lit, the electric parking brake willnot automatically release. You must releasethe electric parking brake using the electricparking brake switch.
Note:The electric parking brake drive awayrelease makes starting on a hill easier. Thisfeature releases the parking brakeautomatically when the vehicle has sufficientdrive force to move up the hill.
Driving With a Trailer
When parked on a hill with the weight of thetrailer, your vehicle and trailer may rollslightly when you put the transmission ingear.
To prevent this from happening, do thefollowing:
1. Pull and hold the electric parking brakeswitch.
2. Put the transmission in gear.
3.Press the accelerator pedal until you feelthat the engine has developed enoughpower to move the vehicle, then releasethe electric parking brake switch.
Battery With No Charge
WARNING: You will not be able toapply or release the electric parking brakeif the battery is low or has no charge.
If the battery is low or has no charge, usejumper cables and a booster battery.
HILL START ASSIST
WARNING: The system does notreplace the parking brake. When you leaveyour vehicle, always apply the parkingbrake and shift the transmission into park(P) for automatic transmission or first gearfor manual transmission.
WARNING: You must remain in yourvehicle when the system turns on. At alltimes, you are responsible for controllingyour vehicle, supervising the system andintervening, if required. Failure to take caremay result in the loss of control of yourvehicle, serious personal injury or death.
Note:If the engine is revved excessively, orif a malfunction is detected, the system willbe deactivated.
The system makes it easier to pull awaywhen your vehicle is on a slope without theneed to use the parking brake.
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Brakes

When the system is active, your vehicle willremain stationary on the slope for two tothree seconds after you release the brakepedal. This allows you time to move yourfoot from the brake to the accelerator pedal. The brakes release automatically when theengine has sufficient torque to prevent yourvehicle from rolling down the grade. This isan advantage when pulling away on a slope,for example from a car park ramp, trafficlights or when reversing uphill into a parkingspace.
The system will activate automatically on anyslope that will cause significant vehiclerollback. For vehicles with a manualtransmission, you can switch this feature offusing the information display. SeeInformation Displays (page 119). The systemwill remain on or off depending on how itwas last set.
Note:There is no warning lamp to indicatethe system is either on or off.
Note:If your vehicle is equipped with AutoHold, Hill Start Assist will not be availablewhile Auto Hold is active.
Using Hill Start Assist
1. Bring your vehicle to a completestandstill. Keep the brake pedal pressedand select an uphill gear (for example,drive (D) or first (1) when facing uphill orreverse (R) when facing downhill).
2. If the sensors detect that your vehicle ison a slope, the system will activateautomatically.
3. When you remove your foot from thebrake pedal, your vehicle will remain onthe slope without rolling away for abouttwo or three seconds. This hold time willautomatically be extended if you are inthe process of driving off.
4. Drive off in the normal manner. Thebrakes will release automatically.
Switching the System On and Off
You can switch this feature on or off if yourvehicle is equipped with a manualtransmission and an information display. SeeGeneral Information (page 119). The systemremembers the last setting when you startyour vehicle.
If your vehicle is not equipped with a manualtransmission and an information display, youcannot turn the system on or off. When youswitch the ignition on, the systemautomatically turns on.
AUTO HOLD
WARNING: The system does notreplace the parking brake. When you leaveyour vehicle, always apply the parkingbrake.
WARNING: You must remain in yourvehicle when the system turns on. At alltimes, you are responsible for controllingyour vehicle, supervising the system andintervening, if required. Failure to take caremay result in the loss of control of yourvehicle, serious personal injury or death.
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Brakes

The auto hold unavailable indicatorilluminates in the informationdisplay when the system is on butunavailable to hold your vehicle (for example,during Active Park Assist, Stay in NeutralMode, or when you do not fasten yourseatbelt or close the door).
Note:Make sure you switch off Auto Holdor use the Stay in Neutral mode before youenter a car wash. See AutomaticTransmission (page 210).
Using Auto Hold
1. Use the brakes to bring your vehicle toa complete stop. The auto hold activeindicator illuminates in the informationdisplay.
2. Release the brake pedal. The systemholds your vehicle at a standstill. Theauto hold active indicator remainsilluminated in the information display.
3. When you press the accelerator pedal,the system releases the brakes and youwill be able to drive off. Once you driveoff, the auto hold active indicator nolonger illuminates in the informationdisplay.
Note:The auto-start-stop system (ifequipped) may stop the engine when youpress the brake pedal. If this occurs, itrestarts once you press the acceleratorpedal. Auto Hold still holds your vehicle ata standstill with the engine off.
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