brake LINCOLN NAVIGATOR 2019 Service Manual

HINTS ON DRIVING WITH ANTI-
LOCK BRAKES
The anti-lock braking system does noteliminate the risks when:
•You drive too closely to the vehicle infront of you.
•Your vehicle is hydroplaning.
•You take corners too fast.
•The road surface is poor.
Note: If the system activates, the brakepedal may pulse and may travel further. Maintain pressure on the brake pedal. Youmay also hear a noise from the system. Thisis normal.
ELECTRIC PARKING BRAKE
WARNING: Always fully apply theparking brake and make sure you shift intopark (P). Failure to follow this instructioncould result in personal injury or death.
WARNING: If you drive extendeddistances with the parking brake applied,you could cause damage to the brakesystem.
WARNING: The electric parkingbrake does not operate if the vehiclebattery is running out of charge.
Your vehicle has an electric parking brake.You operate it with a switch instead of alever. The switch is on the center console orto the left-hand side of the steering wheel,on the lower part of the instrument panel.
Note:The electric parking brake makesnoises during operation. This is normal.
Applying the Electric Parking Brake
Pull the switch upward.
The red warning lamp flashesduring operation and illuminateswhen the parking brake is applied.
Note:It remains illuminated for a shortperiod of time after you switch the ignitionoff.
If it continues to flash or does not illuminate,the system has malfunctioned. Have yourvehicle checked as soon as possible.
Note:You can apply the electric parkingbrake when the ignition is off.
Note:The electric parking brake couldautomatically apply when you shift into park(P). See Transmission (page 210).
Applying the Electric Parking Brake in anEmergency
Note:Do not apply the electric parking brakewhen your vehicle is moving, except in anemergency. If you repeatedly use the electricparking brake to slow or stop your vehicle,you could cause damage to the brakesystem.
You can use the electric parking brake toslow or stop your vehicle in an emergency.
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Pull the switch upward and hold it.
The red warning lamp illuminates,a tone sounds and the stoplampsturn on.
The electric parking brake continues to slowyour vehicle down unless you release theswitch.
Manually Releasing the Electric ParkingBrake
Switch the ignition on.
Press and hold the brake pedal.
Push the switch downward.
The red warning lamp turns off.
If it remains illuminated or flashes, the systemhas malfunctioned. Have your vehiclechecked as soon as possible.
Pulling Away on a Hill When Towing aTrailer
Press and hold the brake pedal.
Pull the switch upward and hold it.
Shift into gear.
Press the accelerator pedal until engine hasdeveloped sufficient torque to prevent yourvehicle from rolling down the hill.
Release the switch and pull awayin a normal manner.
Automatically Releasing the ElectricParking Brake
Close the driver door.
Shift into gear.
Press the accelerator pedal and pull away ina normal manner.
The red warning lamp turns off.
If it remains illuminated or flashes, the electricparking brake has not released. Manuallyrelease the parking brake.
Releasing the Electric Parking Brake ifthe Vehicle Battery is Running Out ofCharge
Connect a booster battery to the vehiclebattery to release the electric parking brakeif the vehicle battery is running out of charge.See Jump Starting the Vehicle (page 328).
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HILL START ASSIST
WARNING: The system does notreplace the parking brake. When you leaveyour vehicle, always apply the parkingbrake and shift the transmission into park(P) for automatic transmission or first gearfor manual transmission.
WARNING: You must remain in yourvehicle when the system turns on. At alltimes, you are responsible for controllingyour vehicle, supervising the system andintervening, if required. Failure to take caremay result in the loss of control of yourvehicle, serious personal injury or death.
Note:If the engine is revved excessively, orif a malfunction is detected, the system willbe deactivated.
The system makes it easier to pull awaywhen your vehicle is on a slope without theneed to use the parking brake.
When the system is active, your vehicle willremain stationary on the slope for two tothree seconds after you release the brakepedal. This allows you time to move yourfoot from the brake to the accelerator pedal. The brakes release automatically when theengine has sufficient torque to prevent yourvehicle from rolling down the grade. This isan advantage when pulling away on a slope,for example from a car park ramp, trafficlights or when reversing uphill into a parkingspace.
The system will activate automatically on anyslope that will cause significant vehiclerollback. For vehicles with a manualtransmission, you can switch this feature offusing the information display. SeeInformation Displays (page 120). The systemwill remain on or off depending on how itwas last set.
Note:There is no warning lamp to indicatethe system is either on or off.
Note:If your vehicle is equipped with AutoHold, Hill Start Assist will not be availablewhile Auto Hold is active.
Using Hill Start Assist
1. Bring your vehicle to a completestandstill. Keep the brake pedal pressedand select an uphill gear (for example,drive (D) or first (1) when facing uphill orreverse (R) when facing downhill).
2. If the sensors detect that your vehicle ison a slope, the system will activateautomatically.
3. When you remove your foot from thebrake pedal, your vehicle will remain onthe slope without rolling away for abouttwo or three seconds. This hold time willautomatically be extended if you are inthe process of driving off.
4. Drive off in the normal manner. Thebrakes will release automatically.
Switching the System On and Off
You can switch this feature on or off if yourvehicle is equipped with a manualtransmission and an information display. SeeGeneral Information (page 120). The systemremembers the last setting when you startyour vehicle.
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If your vehicle is not equipped with a manualtransmission and an information display, youcannot turn the system on or off. When youswitch the ignition on, the systemautomatically turns on.
AUTO HOLD
WARNING: The system does notreplace the parking brake. When you leaveyour vehicle, always apply the parkingbrake.
WARNING: You must remain in yourvehicle when the system turns on. At alltimes, you are responsible for controllingyour vehicle, supervising the system andintervening, if required. Failure to take caremay result in the loss of control of yourvehicle, serious personal injury or death.
WARNING: The system will turn offif a malfunction is apparent. Failure to takecare may result in the loss of control ofyour vehicle, serious personal injury ordeath.
The system uses your vehicle's brakes tohold your vehicle at a standstill after you stopyour vehicle and release the brake pedal.For example, Auto Hold can assist you whilestopping at traffic lights or while in trafficjams by holding the brake pressure for youonce you bring your vehicle to a stop.
Make sure you switch the system off beforetowing with your vehicle.
Note:In case of a malfunction in the systemwhile Auto Hold actively holds the vehicle(for example, low power supply), a messageappears in the information display askingyou to press the brake pedal. If you see thismessage, press the brake pedalimmediately.
Note:The system only activates if itrecognizes it is applying enough brakepressure. On a steep hill or slope, make sureyou press the brake pedal sufficiently toactivate the system.
Note:In some cases, Auto Hold might handover to the parking brake. When the parkingbrake applies, the red brake lamp appears.This is normal. When you press theaccelerator pedal, the drive away releasefeature releases the parking brake.
Note:Auto Hold works on all road grades.
Press the button to switch the system on andoff. The indicator light illuminates when youswitch the system on.
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Note:You can only switch the system on ifyou close the door and fasten your seatbelt.
Note:The system turns off every time youpower down your vehicle.
Note:The system remembers the last settingwhen you start your vehicle.
Note:When in reverse (R), Auto Hold doesnot function.
When the system is off, your vehicle behavesthe same as a vehicle without Auto Hold.
There is an indicator lamp in the instrumentcluster that has two modes, active andunavailable:
The auto hold active indicatorilluminates in the informationdisplay when the system holdsyour vehicle stationary. When in active mode,press the brake pedal and the Auto Holdbutton to switch the system off.
The auto hold unavailable indicatorilluminates in the informationdisplay when the system is on butunavailable to hold your vehicle (for example,during Active Park Assist, Stay in NeutralMode, or when you do not fasten yourseatbelt or close the door).
Note:Make sure you switch off Auto Holdor use the Stay in Neutral mode before youenter a car wash. See AutomaticTransmission (page 210).
Using Auto Hold
1. Use the brakes to bring your vehicle toa complete stop. The auto hold activeindicator illuminates in the informationdisplay.
2. Release the brake pedal. The systemholds your vehicle at a standstill. Theauto hold active indicator remainsilluminated in the information display.
3. When you press the accelerator pedal,the system releases the brakes and youwill be able to drive off. Once you driveoff, the auto hold active indicator nolonger illuminates in the informationdisplay.
Note:The auto-start-stop system (ifequipped) may stop the engine when youpress the brake pedal. If this occurs, itrestarts once you press the acceleratorpedal. Auto Hold still holds your vehicle ata standstill with the engine off.
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PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
The traction control system helps avoid drivewheel spin and loss of traction.
If your vehicle begins to slide, the systemapplies the brakes to individual wheels and,when needed, reduces engine power at thesame time. If the wheels spin whenaccelerating on slippery or loose surfaces,the system reduces engine power in orderto increase traction.
USING TRACTION CONTROL
WARNING: The stability and tractioncontrol light illuminates steadily if thesystem detects a failure. Make sure youdid not manually disable the tractioncontrol system using the informationdisplay controls or the switch. If the stabilitycontrol and traction control light is still
illuminating steadily, have the systemserviced by an authorized dealerimmediately. Operating your vehicle withthe traction control disabled could lead toan increased risk of loss of vehicle control,vehicle rollover, personal injury and death.
The system automatically turns on each timeyou switch the ignition on.
If your vehicle is stuck in mud or snow,switching traction control off may bebeneficial as this allows the wheels to spin.
Note:When you switch traction control off,stability control remains fully active.
Switching the System On and Off
You can switch traction control on and offthrough the information display controls. SeeGeneral Information (page 120).
When you switch the system off, a messageand an illuminated icon appear on theinstrument cluster.
Switch traction control on again to return thesystem to normal operations.
Note:Your vehicle may have MyKeyrestrictions regarding this feature. SeePrinciple of Operation (page 67).
System Indicator Lights and Messages
The stability and traction controllight temporarily illuminates onengine start-up and flashes:
•When a driving condition activates eitherof the systems.
•If a problem occurs in either of thesystems.
The stability and traction controloff light temporarily illuminates onengine start-up and stays on whenyou switch the traction control system off.
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PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
WARNING: Vehicle modificationsinvolving braking system, aftermarket roofracks, suspension, steering system, tireconstruction and wheel and tire size maychange the handling characteristics of yourvehicle and may adversely affect theperformance of the electronic stabilitycontrol system. In addition, installing anystereo loudspeakers may interfere withand adversely affect the electronic stabilitycontrol system. Install any aftermarketstereo loudspeaker as far as possible fromthe front center console, the tunnel, andthe front seats in order to minimize the riskof interfering with the electronic stabilitycontrol sensors. Reducing theeffectiveness of the electronic stabilitycontrol system could lead to an increasedrisk of loss of vehicle control, vehiclerollover, personal injury and death.
WARNING: Remember that evenadvanced technology cannot defy the lawsof physics. It’s always possible to losecontrol of a vehicle due to inappropriatedriver input for the conditions. Aggressivedriving on any road condition can causeyou to lose control of your vehicleincreasing the risk of personal injury orproperty damage. Activation of theelectronic stability control system is anindication that at least some of the tireshave exceeded their ability to grip theroad; this could reduce the operator’sability to control the vehicle potentiallyresulting in a loss of vehicle control, vehiclerollover, personal injury and death. If yourelectronic stability control system activates,SLOW DOWN.
The system automatically turns on each timeyou switch the ignition on.
If a fault occurs in either the stability controlor the traction control system, you mayexperience the following conditions:
•The stability and traction control lightilluminates steadily.
•The stability control and traction controlsystems do not enhance your vehicle'sability to maintain traction of the wheels.
If a driving condition activates either thestability control or the traction control systemyou may experience the following conditions:
•The stability and traction control lightflashes.
•Your vehicle slows down.
•Reduced engine power.
•A vibration in the brake pedal.
•The brake pedal is stiffer than usual.
•If the driving condition is severe and yourfoot is not on the brake, the brake pedalmay move as the system applies higherbrake force.
The stability control system has severalfeatures built into it to help you maintaincontrol of your vehicle:
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Electronic Stability Control
The system enhances your vehicle’s abilityto prevent skids or lateral slides by applyingbrakes to one or more of the wheelsindividually and, if necessary, reducingengine power.
Roll Stability Control
The system enhances your vehicle’s abilityto prevent rollovers by detecting yourvehicle’s roll motion and the rate at which itchanges by applying the brakes to one ormore wheels individually.
Traction Control
The system enhances your vehicle’s abilityto maintain traction of the wheels bydetecting and controlling wheel spin. SeeUsing Traction Control (page 231).Vehicle without stability controlskidding off its intended route.A
Vehicle with stability controlmaintaining control on a slipperysurface.
B
USING STABILITY CONTROL
Stability Control and Traction Controlwith Roll Stability Control™ (RSC™)
The system automatically activates when youstart your engine. When the transmission isin reverse (R), they are disabled. You canswitch off the traction control portion of thesystem independently. See Using TractionControl (page 231).
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PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
WARNING: Hill descent controlcannot control descent in all surfaceconditions and circumstances, such as iceor extremely steep grades. Hill descentcontrol is a driver assist system and cannotsubstitute for good judgment by the driver.Failure to do so may result in loss ofvehicle control, crash or serious injury.
WARNING: Hill descent control doesnot provide hill hold at zero miles per hour(0 kilometers per hour). When stopped,you must apply the parking brake or placethe vehicle in P (Park), or it may roll away.
Hill descent control allows you to set andmaintain vehicle speed while descendingsteep grades in various surface conditions.
Hill descent control can maintain vehiclespeeds on downhill grades between 2 mph(3 km/h) and 12 mph (20 km/h). Above 20mph (32 km/h), the system remains armed,but you cannot use the system to set ormaintain the descent speed.
Hill descent control requires a cooling downinterval after a period of sustained use. Theamount of time that the feature can remainactive before cooling varies with conditions.The system provides a warning in themessage center and a tone sounds whenthe system is about to disengage for cooling.At this time, manually apply the brakes asneeded to maintain descent speed.
USING HILL DESCENT CONTROL
You can switch the hill descentcontrol on and off through theinformation display.
To increase descent speed, press theaccelerator pedal until you reach the desiredspeed. To decrease descent speed, pressthe brake pedal until you reach the desiredspeed.
Whether accelerating or decelerating, onceyou reach the desired descent speed,remove your feet from the pedals and hilldescent control maintains the chosen vehiclespeed.
Note:You may observe noise from the ABSpump motor during hill descent controloperation. This is a normal characteristic ofthe ABS and should be no reason forconcern.
Hill Descent Modes
•At speeds between 2 mph (3 km/h) and20 mph (32 km/h): Your vehicle maintainsthe speed you desire while in this mode.
•At speeds between 20 mph (32 km/h)and 40 mph (64 km/h): Your vehicle doesnot maintain the speed you desire andyou cannot set your descent speed.
•At speeds above 40 mph (64 km/h): Youneed to switch this feature back on touse.
Refer to the Information Display for additionalhill descent control messages. SeeInformation Messages (page 125).
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Hill Descent Control (If Equipped)

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
WARNING: To help avoid personalinjury, always use caution when in reverse(R) and when using the sensing system.
WARNING: The system may notdetect objects with surfaces that absorbreflection. Always drive with due care andattention. Failure to take care may resultin a crash.
WARNING: Traffic control systems,inclement weather, air brakes, externalmotors and fans may affect the correctoperation of the sensing system.This maycause reduced performance or false alerts.
WARNING: The system may notdetect small or moving objects, particularlythose close to the ground.
Note:Certain add-on devices installedaround the bumper or fascia may createfalse beeps. For example, large trailerhitches, bike or surfboard racks, license platebrackets, bumper covers or any other devicethat may block the normal detection zoneof the system.
Note:Keep the sensors, located on thebumper or fascia, free from snow, ice andlarge accumulations of dirt. If the sensorsare covered, the system’s accuracy can beaffected. Do not clean the sensors with sharpobjects.
Note:If your vehicle sustains damage to thebumper or fascia, leaving it misaligned orbent, the sensing zone may be alteredcausing inaccurate measurement ofobstacles or false alarms. See yourauthorized technician.
Note:When a trailer is connected to yourvehicle, the rear parking aid may detect thetrailer and therefore provide warnings.Disable the rear parking aid when a traileris connected to prevent these warnings.
Note:The sensing system cannot be turnedoff when a MyKey is present. See Principleof Operation (page 67).
We recommend that you take some time toget to know the system and its limitations byreading this section.
The sensing system warns the driver ofobstacles within a certain range of yourvehicle. The system automatically turns oneach time you switch the ignition on.
When receiving a detection warning, theradio volume reduces to a predeterminedlevel. After the warning goes away, the radiovolume returns to the previous level.
You can turn the system on or offby pressing the parking aid button.If your vehicle does not have aparking aid button, the system can beswitched off through the information displaymenu or from the pop-up message thatappears once you shift the transmission intoreverse (R). See General Information (page120).
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