four wheel drive LINCOLN NAVIGATOR 2023 Owners Manual

Accessing the Passive Key BackupPosition......................................................205
Starting and Stopping the Engine –Troubleshooting......................................206
Auto-Start-Stop
What Is Auto-Start-Stop.............................208
Auto-Start-Stop Precautions....................208
Switching Auto-Start-Stop On and Off......................................................................208
Stopping the Engine..................................208
Restarting the Engine................................208
Auto-Start-Stop Indicators........................208
Auto-Start-Stop – Troubleshooting........209
Fuel and Refueling
Fuel and Refueling Precautions................211
Fuel Quality...................................................212
Locating the Fuel Filler Funnel.................212
Running Out of Fuel....................................213
Refueling........................................................214
Fuel Tank Capacity......................................216
Fuel and Refueling – Troubleshooting.......................................................................217
Catalytic Converter
What Is the Catalytic Converter...............218
Catalytic Converter Precautions..............218
Catalytic Converter – Troubleshooting.......................................................................219
Automatic Transmission
Automatic Transmission Precautions.....220
Automatic Transmission Positions..........220
Shifting Your Vehicle Into Gear................221
Automatic Transmission Position Indicators.......................................................................221
Manually Shifting Gears.............................221
Temporary Neutral Mode..........................222
Automatic Return to Park (P)....................223
Automatic Transmission Audible Warnings......................................................................223
Four-Wheel Drive
How Does Four-Wheel Drive Work........224
Four-Wheel Drive Precautions.................224
Four-Wheel Drive Limitations..................225
Selecting a Four-Wheel Drive Mode......226
Four-Wheel Drive Modes..........................226
Four-Wheel Drive Indicators.....................227
Four-Wheel Drive – Troubleshooting......227
Electronic Limited-Slip Differential
What Is the Electronic Limited-SlipDifferential................................................230
Electronic Limited-Slip Differential –Troubleshooting.......................................231
Brakes
Brake Precautions.......................................232
Anti-Lock Braking System.........................232
Brake Over Accelerator.............................232
Locating the Brake Fluid Reservoir........232
Checking the Brake Fluid.........................232
Brake Fluid Specification..........................233
Brakes – Troubleshooting.........................233
Electric Parking Brake
What Is the Electric Parking Brake.........235
Applying the Electric Parking Brake.......235
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STARTING AND STOPPING THE
ENGINE – TROUBLESHOOTING
STARTING AND STOPPING THEENGINE – WARNING LAMPS
Malfunction Indicator Lamp
If it illuminates when the engine isrunning, the on-board diagnosticssystem is detecting a malfunctionof the vehicle emission control system.
If it flashes, engine misfire could beoccurring. Increased exhaust gastemperatures could damage the catalyticconverter or other vehicle components.Avoid heavy acceleration and deceleration,and have your vehicle checked as soon aspossible.
Powertrain Warning Lamp
If it illuminates when the engine isrunning, this indicates a powertrainor four-wheel drive fault. If itflashes when you are driving, immediatelyreduce the vehicle speed. Avoid heavyacceleration and deceleration, and have yourvehicle checked as soon as possible.
If both lamps illuminate when the engine isrunning, stop your vehicle as soon as it issafe to do so. Continuing to drive yourvehicle could cause reduced power or theengine to stop. Switch the ignition off andattempt to restart the engine. Have yourvehicle checked as soon as possible.
STARTING AND STOPPING THE ENGINE – INFORMATION MESSAGES
ActionMessage
Displays if you exceed the starting time limit. You cannot attempt to start the engine for 15 minutes.If you cannot start the engine after 15 minutes passes, have your vehicle immediately checked.Cranking Time Exceeded
Displays if you are unable to start your vehicle with a correctly coded key. The system hasdetected a fault that requires service. Have your vehicle checked as soon as possible.Starting System Fault
Displays if the system does not detect a valid passive key.No Key Detected
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HOW DOES FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE
WORK
Using the 1-Speed Automatic Four-Wheel Drive System
The 1-speed automatic four-wheel drivesystem utilizes an electronically controlledon-demand 1-speed transfer case. Thissystem monitors various vehicle sensoryinputs to provide an increased level ofperformance. This system offers the drivertwo-wheel drive high, four-wheel drive autoand four-wheel drive high as available modesof operation via the selectable drive modeswitch. When four-wheel drive auto isselected, the system continuously variespower to the front wheels for optimumperformance for all on-road conditions. Whenfour-wheel drive high is selected, the systemprovides power to the front and rear wheelsfor use in off-road or slippery conditions suchas deep snow, sand or mud. There is furtherinformation on driving in unique drivingconditions. See Driving Hints (page 384).
Using the 2-Speed Automatic Four-Wheel Drive System (If Equipped)
The 2-speed automatic four-wheel drivesystem utilizes an electronically controlledon-demand 2-speed transfer case. Thissystem monitors various vehicle sensoryinputs to provide an increased level ofperformance. This system offers the drivertwo-wheel drive high, four-wheel drive auto,four-wheel drive high, and four-wheel drivelow as available modes of operation. Whenfour-wheel drive auto is selected, the systemcontinuously varies power to the front wheelsfor optimum performance for all on-roadconditions. When either four-wheel drive highor four-wheel drive low are selected with theappropriate drive modes , the four-wheeldrive system provides electronically lockedpower to the front and rear wheels for usein off-road or slippery conditions such asdeep snow, sand or mud. Selecting slowclimb also provides additional gearing forincreased torque multiplication for conditionslike deep sand, snow, steep slopes, or pulling
heavy objects. See Slow Climb (page 297).Additionally, the system is capable ofrecreational flat towing by putting thetransfer case into neutral (N). SeeRecreationally Towing Your Vehicle (page397).
There is further information on driving inunique driving conditions. See Driving Hints(page 384).
FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE
PRECAUTIONS
WARNING: Vehicles with a highercenter of gravity (utility and four-wheeldrive vehicles) handle differently thanvehicles with a lower center of gravity(passenger cars). Avoid sharp turns,excessive speed and abrupt steering inthese vehicles. Failure to drive cautiouslyincreases the risk of losing control of yourvehicle, vehicle rollover, personal injuryand death.
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WARNING: Do not becomeoverconfident in the ability of four-wheeldrive vehicles. Although a four-wheel drivevehicle may accelerate better than atwo-wheel drive vehicle in low tractionsituations, it won't stop any faster thantwo-wheel drive vehicles. Always drive ata safe speed.
Truck and utility vehicles can differ fromsome other vehicles. Your vehicle could behigher to allow it to travel over rough terrainwithout getting stuck or damagingunderbody components. The differences thatmake your vehicle so versatile also make ithandle differently than an ordinary passengercar. Always maintain steering wheel control,especially in rough terrain. Since suddenchanges in terrain can result in abruptsteering wheel motion, make sure you gripthe steering wheel from the outside. Do notgrip the spokes. Drive cautiously to avoidvehicle damage from concealed objects such
as rocks and stumps. Drive slower in strongcrosswinds which can affect the normalsteering characteristics of your vehicle. Beextremely careful when driving on pavementmade slippery by loose sand, water, gravel,snow or ice.
Note:Do not use four-wheel drive high orfour-wheel drive low mode on dry, hardsurfaced roads. Doing so can produceexcessive noise, increase tire wear and candamage drive components.
FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE LIMITATIONS
Operating Four-Wheel Drive with aSpare or Mismatched Tires (If Equipped)
On four-wheel drive vehicles, the size of thespare tire can affect the four-wheel drivesystem. If there is a significant differencebetween the size of the spare tire and theremaining tires, you could have limitedfour-wheel drive functionality. When drivingwith the full-size dissimilar spare wheel andtire assembly, we recommend that you donot:
•Exceed 50 mph (80 km/h) with afour-wheel drive mode turned on.
•Use a four-wheel drive mode on drypavement.
Driving with the full-size dissimilar sparewheel and tire assembly can limit four-wheeldrive functionality. You can experience thefollowing:
•Additional noise from the transfer caseor other drive components.
Use of a dissimilar spare wheel and tireassembly can lead to impairment of thefollowing:
•Comfort and noise.
•Winter weather driving capability.
•Wet driving capability.
•Four-wheel drive capability.
Note:Your vehicle could have a front airdam that can become damaged, due toreduced ground clearance, when taking yourvehicle off-road. You can remove this airdam by removing the eight bolts that secureit.
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Note:Your vehicle could have side stepsthat can become damaged, due to reducedground clearance, when taking your vehicleoff-road. Remove side steps before drivingyour vehicle off-road.
SELECTING A FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE
MODE
To select a specific four-wheel drive modeplease select one of the desired drivemodes. For additional information. SeeSelecting a Drive Mode (page 295).
Note:When shifting to and from four-wheeldrive, a message appears in the instrumentcluster display indicating that the system isin the process of making a shift.
Note:Do not perform this operation if therear wheels are slipping or while applyingthe accelerator pedal.
If the system detects a fault, a warningmessage appears in the instrument clusterdisplay. See Four-Wheel Drive –Information Messages (page 228).
Note:Do not use DEEP CONDITIONS orSLOW CLIMB on dry, hard surfaced roads.Doing so produces excessive noise,increases tire wear and may damage drivecomponents. The 4X4 system in thesemodes is only intended for consistentlyslippery or loose surfaces.
Shifting to or from Slow Climb (4L)
To select or exit SLOW CLIMB (4L):
1.Bring your vehicle to a speed of 3 mph(5 km/h) or less.
2.Place the transmission in neutral (N).
3.Select SLOW CLIMB on the drive modeswitch.
A message appears in the instrument clusterdisplay indicating a four-wheel drive shift isin progress. If any of the above shiftconditions are not present, the shift will notoccur and a message appears in theinstrument cluster display guiding youthrough the proper shifting procedures. Ifthere is a transfer case tooth blockage, amessage appears in the instrument cluster
display. To alleviate this condition, place thetransmission in a forward gear, move yourvehicle forward approximately 4.9 ft (1.5 m),and shift the transmission back to neutral (N)to allow the transfer case to complete therange shift.
Note:You could hear some noise as thesystem shifts or engages which is normal. Ifthe system detects a fault, a warningmessage appears in the instrument clusterdisplay. See Four-Wheel Drive –Information Messages (page 228).
FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE MODES
TWO-WHEEL DRIVE HIGH
2H turns on when you select NORMAL orCONSERVE. Two-wheel drive high is forgeneral on-road driving. Power is sent to therear wheels only.
Note:Two-wheel drive high can turn on oroff based on Drive Mode selection See DriveMode Control (page 294).
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FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE AUTO
4A turns on when you select EXCITE,NORMAL 4x4 AUTO or SLIPPERY.Four-wheel drive auto provides electronicallycontrolled four-wheel drive power to boththe front and rear wheels, as required, forincreased traction in varying on-roadconditions. The four-wheel drive auto tuningvaries based on selected Drive Mode. SeeSelecting a Drive Mode (page 295).
Note:Four-wheel drive auto can turn on oroff automatically based on Drive Modeselection. See Selecting a Drive Mode (page295).
FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE HIGH
4H turns on when you select DEEPCONDITIONS. Four-wheel drive highprovides electronically locked four-wheeldrive power to both the front and rear wheelsfor use in off-road or winter conditions suchas deep snow, sand or mud. This mode isnot for use on dry pavement.
Note:Four-wheel drive high can turn on oroff automatically based on Drive Modeselection. See Selecting a Drive Mode (page295).
FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE LOW
This mode turns on when you select SLOWCLIMB. It provides electronically lockedfour-wheel drive power to both the front andrear wheels for use on low traction surfaces,and does so with additional gearing forincreased torque multiplication. This modeis only for off-road conditions, such as deepsand, steep slopes, or pulling heavy objects.
Note:Four-wheel drive low can turn on oroff automatically based on drive modeselection. See Selecting a Drive Mode (page295).
FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE INDICATORS
Two-wheel Drive High
Momentarily illuminates whentwo-wheel drive high is selected.
Four-wheel Drive Auto
Continuously illuminates whenfour-wheel drive auto is selected.
Four-wheel Drive High
Continuously illuminates whenfour-wheel drive high is selected.
Four-wheel Drive Low (If Equipped)
Continuously illuminates whenfour-wheel drive low is selected.
FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE –
TROUBLESHOOTING
FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE – WARNINGLAMPS
Illuminates when a four-wheeldrive or power train fault ispresent.
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Note:When a system fault is present, thesystem can typically remain in whichevermode was selected prior to the faultcondition occurring. It does not default totwo-wheel drive in all circumstances. Whenthis warning is displayed, have your vehicleserviced by an authorized dealer.
FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE – INFORMATION MESSAGES
ActionMessage
A four-wheel drive system fault is present. Have your vehicle checkedas soon as possible.Check 4x4
The four-wheel drive system is making a shift.4x4 Shift in Progress
Displays when you attempt to switch to four-wheel drive low modeand you do not shift the transmission to neutral (N).For 4x4 LOW Shift to N
Displays when you attempt to switch to four-wheel drive low modeand your vehicle's speed is greater than 3 mph (5 km/h).For 4x4 LOW Slow to 3 MPH
For 4x4 LOW Slow to 5 km/h
Displays when you attempt to switch from four-wheel drive low modeand you do not shift the transmission to neutral (N).To Exit 4x4 LOW Shift to N
Displays when you attempt to switch from four-wheel drive low modeand your vehicle's speed is greater than 3 mph (5 km/h).To Exit 4x4 LOW Slow to 3 MPH
To Exit 4x4 LOW Slow to 5 km/h
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ActionMessage
Displays when there is a transfer case gear tooth blockage whileshifting to or from four-wheel drive low mode or to the neutral state.Place the transmission in a forward gear, move your vehicle forwardapproximately 5 ft (1.5 m), and shift the transmission back to neutral(N) to allow the transfer case to complete the range shift.
Shift Delayed Drive Forward
Displays when the four-wheel system detects elevated systemtemperature and temporarily stops providing power to the frontwheels. The system automatically resumes normal function when thesystem temperature returns to normal.
4x4 Temporarily Disabled
Displays when the four-wheel drive system resumes normal function.4x4 Restored
Displays when the four-wheel drive system detects driving conditionwhich temporarily require greater four-wheel drive performance. Thesystem automatically resumes normal function after the system nolonger detects these driving conditions.
4X4 Temporarily Locked
Displays when the system requires an additional transmission shift toneutral (N) to complete a transfer case shift.Shift to Neutral
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REVERSE BRAKING ASSIST –FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Why is reverse braking assist unavailable?
•Make sure the reverse braking assist ison. See Switching Reverse BrakingAssist On and Off (page 239).
•Make sure that all doors, liftgate ortailgate and hood are closed. Drive thevehicle on a straight road for a shortperiod. If the message remains, have thesystem checked.
•If your vehicle has the cross traffic alertsystem, make sure it is on. See SwitchingCross Traffic Alert On and Off (page 318).
•Make sure the rear parking aid system ison. See Parking Aids (page 255).
•Make sure the traction control is on. SeeSwitching Traction Control On and Off(page 245).
Note:The traction control automatically turnsoff if four-wheel drive low and certain drivemodes such as mud/ruts and snow/sand isactivated.
•Your vehicle may have sustained a rearend impact. Have the sensors checkedfor proper coverage and operation.
•An anti-lock brake, traction control orstability control event may have occurred.Reverse braking assist resumesoperation when the event is complete.
•Make sure the rear view camera and 360degree camera are not dirty orobstructed. If dirty, clean the camera. Ifthe message still appears after cleaningthe camera, wait a short time for themessage to clear. If the message doesnot clear, have the system checked.
•Make sure the cross traffic alert, rearparking aid and side parking aid sensorsare not blocked or faulty. See Locatingthe Cross Traffic Alert Sensors (page318). See Locating the Rear Parking AidSensors (page 256). See Locating theSide Parking Aid Sensors (page 259).
•You recently had your vehicle serviced,or the battery disconnected. Drive yourvehicle a short distance to resumesystem operation.
•Reverse braking assist does not functionwhen you connect a trailer. Operationresumes when you disconnect the trailer.
Note:If the answers to why the system isunavailable do not assist in returning reversebraking assist to available, have the systemchecked as soon as possible.
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WHAT IS DRIVE MODE CONTROL
Your vehicle has various drive modes thatyou can select for different drivingconditions. Depending on the drive modethat you select, the system adjusts variousvehicle settings.
HOW DOES DRIVE MODE
CONTROL WORK
Drive mode control adjusts your vehicleconfiguration for each mode you select.
Changing the drive mode adjusts thesteering effort and feel of the steeringsystem.
The stability and traction control assist yourvehicle control in adverse conditions orhigh-performance driving.
Throttle control enhances the powertrainresponse, transmission controls becomeoptimized with shift schedules, andfour-wheel drive settings are optimized andtuned to each mode.
Changing the drive mode can engage ordisengage the electronic locking differentials.
Changing the drive mode changes thefour-wheel drive mode to the default settingfor the selected drive mode.
Note:The system has diagnostic checks thatcontinuously monitor the system for properoperation. If a mode is unavailable due to asystem fault, the drive mode system defaultsto normal. When the system defaults tonormal, the driveline settings remain thesame as prior to the system fault.
Note:The system reverts to the normalmode each time you start your vehicle. Atstartup the system also displays a prompton the instrument cluster display that givesyou the option to return to the previouslyselected drive mode during the last ignitioncycle. If you select yes, the system returnsto the last selected drive mode and thedefault driveline settings associated withthat mode. If you select no, the systemremains in normal mode and the drivelinesettings remain the same as selected in theprior ignition cycle. If you do not select yesor no, the system stays in normal mode andthe driveline settings remain the same asselected in the prior ignition cycle.
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