seat MERCEDES-BENZ E-Class CABRIOLET 2017 A207 Owner's Guide
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: MERCEDES-BENZ, Model Year: 2017, Model line: E-Class CABRIOLET, Model: MERCEDES-BENZ E-Class CABRIOLET 2017 A207Pages: 322, PDF Size: 7.97 MB
Page 58 of 322
Rif the vehicle skids, the front side windows are
closed.
Rthe air pressure in the side bolsters of the seat
backrests of the front multicontour seats is
raised.
If the hazardous situation passes without result-
ing in an accident, PRE-SAFE
®slackens the belt
pre-tensioning. On vehicles with multicontour
seats, the air pressure in the side bolsters is
reduced again. All settings made by PRE-SAFE
®
can then be reversed.
If the seat belt pre-tensioning is not reduced:
XMove the seat backrest or seat back slightly
when the vehicle is stationary.
The seat belt pre-tensioning is reduced and
the locking mechanism is released.
The seat-belt adjustment is an integral part of
the PRE-SAFE
®convenience function. Informa-
tion about the convenience function can be
found under "Belt adjustment" (
Ypage 45).
PRE-SAFE®PLUS (anticipatory occu-
pant protection system PLUS)
Introduction
PRE-SAFE®PLUS is only available in vehicles
with the Driving Assistance package.
Using the radar sensor system, PRE-SAFE
®
PLUS is able to detect that a head-on or rear-end
collision is imminent. In certain hazardous sit-
uations, PRE-SAFE
®PLUS takes pre-emptive
measures to protect the vehicle occupants.
Important safety notes
The intervention of PRE-SAFE®PLUS cannot
prevent an imminent collision.
The driver is not warned about the intervention
of PRE-SAFE
®PLUS.
PRE-SAFE®PLUS does not intervene if the vehi-
cle is backing up.
When driving, or when parking or exiting a park-
ing space with assistance from Active Parking
Assist, PRE-SAFE
®PLUS will not apply the
brakes.
Function
PRE-SAFE®PLUS intervenes in certain situa-
tions if the radar sensor system detects an
imminent head-on or rear-end collision.
PRE-SAFE
®PLUS takes the following measures
depending on the hazardous situation detected:
Rif the radar sensor system detects that a
head-on collision is imminent, the seat belts
are pre-tensioned.
Rif the radar sensor system detects that a rear-
end collision is imminent:
-the brake pressure is increased if the driver
applies the brakes when the vehicle is sta- tionary.
-the seat belts are pre-tensioned.
The PRE-SAFE®PLUS braking application is can-
celed:
Rif the accelerator pedal is depressed when a
gear is engaged
Rif the risk of a collision passes or is no longer
detected
Rif DISTRONIC PLUS indicates an intention to
pull away
If the hazardous situation passes without result-
ing in an accident, the original settings are
restored.
Automatic measures after an acci-
dent
Immediately after an accident, the following
measures are implemented, depending on the
type and severity of the impact:
Rthe hazard warning lamps are activated
Rthe emergency lighting is activated
Rthe vehicle doors are unlocked
Rthe front side windows are lowered
Rvehicles with a memory function: the electri-
cally adjustable steering wheel is raised
Rthe engine is switched off and the fuel supply
is cut off
Rvehicles with mbrace: automatic emergency
call
56Occupant safety
Safety
Page 59 of 322
Children in the vehicle
Important safety notes
Accident statistics show that children secured
in the rear seats are safer than children secured
in the front-passenger seat. For this reason,
Mercedes-Benz strongly advises that you install
a child restraint system on a rear seat. Children are generally better protected there.
If a child younger than twelve years old and
under 5 ft (1.50 m) in height is traveling in the
vehicle:
Ralways secure the child in a child restraint
system suitable for Mercedes-Benz vehicles.
The child restraint system must be appropri-
ate to the age, weight and size of the child
Rbe sure to observe the instructions and safety
notes in this section in addition to the child
restraint system manufacturer's installation
instructions
Rbe sure to observe the instructions and safetynotes on the "Occupant classification system
(OCS)" (
Ypage 48)
GWARNING
If you leave children unsupervised in the vehi-
cle, they could set it in motion by, for example:
Rrelease the parking brake.
Rshift the automatic transmission out of the
parking position P.
Rstart the engine.
In addition, they may operate vehicle equip-
ment and become trapped. There is a risk of
an accident and injury.
When leaving the vehicle, always take the
SmartKey with you and lock the vehicle. Never
leave children unsupervised in the vehicle.
GWARNING
If persons, particularly children are subjected to prolonged exposure to extreme heat or
cold, there is a risk of injury, possibly even
fatal. Never leave children unattended in the
vehicle.
GWARNING
If the child restraint system is subjected to
direct sunlight, parts may get very hot. Chil-
dren may burn themselves on these parts,
particularly on the metal parts of the child
restraint system. There is a risk of injury.
If you leave the vehicle, taking the child with
you, always ensure that the child restraint
system is not exposed to direct sunlight. Pro- tect it with a blanket, for example. If the child
restraint system has been exposed to direct
sunlight, let it cool down before securing the
child in it. Never leave children unattended in
the vehicle.
Always ensure that all vehicle occupants have
their seat belts fastened correctly and are sitting
properly. Particular attention must be paid to
children.
Observe the safety notes on the seat belt
(
Ypage 42 )and the notes on correct use of seat
belts (Ypage 43).
A booster seat may be necessary to achieve
proper seat belt positioning for children over
41 lb s(18 kg) until they reach a height where a
three-point seat belt can be properly fastened
without a booster seat.
Special seat belt retractor
GWARNING
If the seat belt is released while driving, the
child restraint system will no longer be
secured properly. The special seat belt retrac- tor is disabled and the inertia real draws in a
portion of the seat belt. The seat belt cannot
be immediately refastened. There is an
increased risk of injury, possibly even fatal.
Stop the vehicle immediately, paying atten-
tion to road and traffic conditions. Reactivate
the special seat belt retractor and secure the
child restraint system properly.
All seat belts except the driver's seat belt are
equipped with a special seat belt retractor.
When activated, the special seat belt retractor
ensures that the seat belt will not slacken once
the child restraint system has been secured.
Children in the vehicle57
Safety
Z
Page 60 of 322
Installing a child restraint system:
XAlways comply with the child restraint system
manufacturer's installation instructions.
XPull the front seat belt smoothly out of the
seat-belt extender and the rear seat belt out
of the belt outlet.
XEngage the seat belt tongue in the belt buckle.
Activating the special seat belt retractor:
XPull the seat belt out fully and let the inertia
reel retract it again.
While the seat belt is retracting, you should
hear a ratcheting sound. The special seat belt
retractor is activated.
XPush the child seat restraint system down so
that the seat belt is tight and does not loosen.
Removing a child restraint system and deacti-
vating the special seat belt retractor:
XAlways comply with the child restraint system
manufacturer's installation instructions.
XPress the release button of the belt buckle,
hold the belt tongue firmly and guide it back to
the seat-belt extender in the front and the belt
outlet in the rear.
The special seat belt retractor is deactivated.
Child restraint system
The use of seat belts and child restraint systems
is required by law in:
Rall 50 states
Rthe U.S. territories
Rthe District of Columbia
Rall Canadian provinces
You can obtain further information about the
correct child restraint system from any author-
ized Mercedes-Benz Center.
GWARNING
If the child restraint system is installed incor-
rectly on a suitable seat, it cannot protect as
intended. The child cannot then be restrained
in the event of an accident, heavy braking or
sudden changes of direction. There is an
increased risk of injury, possibly even fatal.
Make sure that you observe the child restraint
system manufacturer's installation instruc-
tions and the notes on use. Please ensure,
that the base of the child restraint system is
always resting completely on the seat cush-
ion. Never place objects, e.g. cushions, under or behind the child restraint system. Only use
child restraint systems with the original cover
designed for them. Only replace damaged
covers with genuine covers.
GWARNING
If the child restraint system is installed incor-
rectly or is not secured, it can come loose in
the event of an accident, heavy braking or a
sudden change in direction. The child
restraint system could be thrown about, strik-
ing vehicle occupants. There is an increased
risk of injury, possibly even fatal.
Always install child restraint systems prop-
erly, even if they are not being used. Make
sure that you observe the child restraint sys-
tem manufacturer's installation instructions.
You will find further information on stowing
objects, luggage or loads under "Loading guide-
lines" (
Ypage 240).
GWARNING
Child restraint systems or their securing sys-
tems which have been damaged or subjected
to a load in an accident can no longer protect
as intended. The child cannot then be
restrained in the event of an accident, heavy
braking or sudden changes of direction. There is an increased risk of injury, possibly even
fatal.
Replace child restraint systems which have
been damaged or subjected to a load in an
accident as soon as possible. Have the secur-
ing systems on the child restraint system
checked at a qualified specialist workshop,
before you install a child restraint system
again.
The securing systems of child restraint systems
are:
Rthe seat belt system
Rthe LATCH-type (ISOFIX) securing rings
If it is absolutely necessary to carry a child on
the front-passenger seat, be sure to observe the
information on the "Occupant Classification
58Children in the vehicle
Safety
Page 61 of 322
System (OCS)" (Ypage 48). There you will also
find information on deactivating the front-
passenger front air bag.
All child restraint systems must meet the fol-
lowing standards:
RU.S. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
213 and 225
RCanadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
213 and 210.2
Confirmation that the child restraint system cor-
responds to the standards can be found on an
instruction label on the child restraint system.
This confirmation can also be found in the instal-
lation instructions that are included with the
child restraint system.
Observe the warning labels in the vehicle inte-
rior and on the child restraint system.
LATCH-type (ISOFIX) child seat secur-
ing system
GWARNING
LATCH-type (ISOFIX) child restraint systems
do not offer sufficient protective effect for
children whose weight is greater than 48 lbs
(22 kg) who are secured using the safety belt integrated in the child restraint system. In the
event of an accident, a child might not be
restrained correctly. This poses an increased
risk of injury or even fatal injury.
If the child weighs more than 48 lbs (22 kg),
only use LATCH-type (ISOFIX) child restraint
systems with which the child is also secured
with the vehicle seat belt. Also secure the
child restraint system with the Top Tether
belt, if available.
Always comply with the manufacturer's instal-
lation and operating instructions for the child
restraint system used.
Before every trip, make sure that the LATCH-
type (ISOFIX) child restraint system is engaged
correctly in both LATCH-type (ISOFIX) securing
rings
LATCH-type (ISOFIX) securing rings :are loca-
ted between the seat cushion and the seat back-
rest.
XInstall the LATCH-type (ISOFIX) child restraint system on both LATCH-type (ISOFIX) securing
rings :.
ISOFIX is a standardized securing system for
specially designed child restraint systems on
the rear seats. LATCH-type (ISOFIX) securing
rings for two LATCH-type (ISOFIX) child restraint
systems are installed on the left and right of the rear seats.
Non-LATCH-type (ISOFIX) child seats may also
be used and can be installed using the vehicle's
seat belt system. Install the child seat according
to the manufacturer's instructions.
Child restraint system on the front-
passenger seat
General notes
Accident statistics show that children secured
in the rear seats are safer than children secured
in the front-passenger seat. For this reason,
Mercedes-Benz strongly advises that you install
the child restraint system on a rear seat.
If it is absolutely necessary to install a child
restraint system on the front-passenger seat,
always observe the instructions and safety
notes on the "Occupant Classification System
(OCS)" (
Ypage 48).
Children in the vehicle59
Safety
Z
Page 62 of 322
You can thus avoid the risks that could arise as
a result of:
Ran incorrectly categorized person in the front-
passenger seat
Rthe unintentional deactivation of the front-
passenger front air bag
Rthe unsuitable positioning of the child
restraint system, e.g. too close to the dash-
board
Rearward-facing child restraint system
If it is absolutely necessary to install a rearward-
facing child restraint system on the front-
passenger seat, always make sure that the
front-passenger front air bag is deactivated.
Only if the PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF indicator
lamp is permanently lit (
Ypage 41) is the front-
passenger front air bag deactivated.
Always observe the child restraint system man-
ufacturer's installation and operating instruc-
tions.
Forward-facing child restraint system
If you secure a child in a forward-facing child
restraint system on the front-passenger seat,
always move the front-passenger seat as far
back as possible. The entire base of the child
restraint system must always rest on the seat
cushion of the front-passenger seat. The back-
rest of the child restraint system must lie as flat
as possible against the backrest of the front-
passenger seat. The child restraint system must
not touch the roof or be subjected to a load by
the head restraint. Adjust the angle of the seat
backrest and the head restraint position accord- ingly. Always make sure that the shoulder belt
strap is correctly routed from the seat-belt
extender of the front-passenger seat to the
shoulder belt guide on the child restraint sys-
tem. The shoulder belt strap must be routed for-
wards from the retracted seat-belt extender for
the front-passenger seat.
Always observe the child restraint system man-
ufacturer's installation and operating instruc-
tions.
Child-proof locks
Important safety notes
GWARNING
If children are traveling in the vehicle, they
could:
Ropen doors, thus endangering other people
or road users
Rexit the vehicle and be caught by oncoming
traffic
Roperate vehicle equipment and become
trapped
There is a risk of an accident and injury.
Always activate the child-proof locks and
override feature if children are traveling in the vehicle. When leaving the vehicle, always take
the key with you and lock the vehicle. Never
leave children unattended in the vehicle.
Override feature for the rear side windows
(
Ypage 61).
GWARNING
If you leave children unsupervised in the vehi-
cle, they could set it in motion by, for example:
Rrelease the parking brake.
Rshift the automatic transmission out of the
parking position P.
Rstart the engine.
In addition, they may operate vehicle equip-
ment and become trapped. There is a risk of
an accident and injury.
When leaving the vehicle, always take the
SmartKey with you and lock the vehicle. Never
leave children unsupervised in the vehicle.
GWARNING
If persons, particularly children are subjected to prolonged exposure to extreme heat or
cold, there is a risk of injury, possibly even
fatal. Never leave children unattended in the
vehicle.
60Children in the vehicle
Safety
Page 72 of 322
Always pay careful attention to the traffic sit-uation and be ready to brake.
In the event of snowfall or heavy rain, the rec-
ognition can be impaired.
Recognition by the radar sensor system is also
impaired if:
Rthere is dirt on the sensors or anything else
covering the sensors
Rthere is interference by other radar sources
Rthere are strong radar reflections, for exam-
ple in parking garages
Ra narrow vehicle is traveling in front, e.g. a
motorbike
Ra vehicle is traveling in front on a different line
relative to the center of your vehicle
Recognition by the camera system is also
impaired in the event of:
Rdirt on the camera or if the camera is covered
Rglare on the camera system, e.g. from the sun being low in the sky
Rdarkness
Ror if:
-pedestrians move quickly, e.g. into the path
of the vehicle
-the camera system no longer recognizes a
pedestrian as a person due to special cloth-ing or other objects
-a pedestrian is concealed by other objects
-the typical outline of a person is not distin-
guishable from the background
Following damage to the front end of the vehicle,
have the configuration and operation of the
radar sensors checked at a qualified specialist
workshop . T
his also applies to collisions at slow
speeds where there is no visible damage to the
front of the vehicle.
Following damage to the windshield, have the
configuration and operation of the camera sys-
tem checked at a qualified specialist workshop.
Function
XTo activate/deactivate: activate or deacti-
vate PRE-SAFE®Brake in the on-board com-
puter (Ypage 197).
If the PRE-SAFE®Brake is not activated, the
æ symbol appears in the multifunction dis-
play. Starting at a speed of around 4 mph (7 km/h),
this function warns you if you rapidly approach a
vehicle in front. An intermittent warning tone
will then sound and the
·distance warning
lamp will light up in the instrument cluster.
XBrake immediately to defuse the situation.
or
XTake evasive action provided it is safe to do
so.
PRE-SAFE
®Brake can also brake the vehicle
automatically under the following conditions:
Rthe driver and front-passenger have their seat
belts fastened
and
Rthe vehicle speed is between approximately
4 mph (7 km/h) and 124 mph (200 km/h)
At speeds of up to approximately 44 mph
(70 km/h) PRE-SAFE
®Brake can also detect:
Rstationary objects in the path of your vehicle,
e.g. stopped or parked vehicles
Rpedestrians in the path of your vehicle
iIf there is an increased risk of a collision,
preventive passenger protection measures
(PRE-SAFE
®) are triggered (Ypage 55).
If the risk of collision with the vehicle in front
remains and you do not bra ke, ta
ke evasive
action or accelerate significantly, the vehicle
may perform automatic emergency braking, up
to the point of full brake application. Automatic
emergency braking is not performed until imme-
diately prior to an imminent accident.
You can prevent the intervention of the PRE-
SAFE
®Brake at any time by:
Rdepressing the accelerator pedal further.
Ractivating kickdown.
Rreleasing the brake pedal.
The braking action of PRE-SAFE®Brake is ended
automatically if:
Ryou maneuver to avoid the obstacle.
Rthere is no longer a risk of collision.
Rthere is no longer an obstacle detected in
front of your vehicle.
70Driving safety systems
Safety
Page 80 of 322
ProblemPossible causes/consequences andMSolutions
The engine cannot be
started using the Smart-
Key.The on-board voltage is too low.
XSwitch off non-essential consumers, e.g. seat heating or interior
lighting, and try to start the engine again.
If this does not work:
XCheck the starter battery and charge it if necessary (Ypage 276).
or
XJump-start the vehicle (Ypage 278).
or
XConsult a qualified specialist workshop.
The engine cannot be
started using KEYLESS-
GO. The SmartKey is in
the vehicle.The vehicle is locked.
XUnlock the vehicle and try to start the vehicle again.
There is interference from a powerful source of radio waves.
XStart your vehicle with the SmartKey in the ignition lock.
You have lost a Smart-
Key.XHave the SmartKey deactivated at a qualified specialist workshop.
XReport the loss immediately to the vehicle insurers.
XIf necessary, have the locks changed as well.
You have lost the
mechanical key.XReport the loss immediately to the vehicle insurers.
XIf necessary, have the locks changed as well.
Doors
Important safety notes
GWARNING
If children are left unsupervised in the vehicle,
they could:
Ropen the doors, thus endangering other
people or road users.
Rget out and disrupt traffic.
Roperate the vehicle's equipment.
Additionally, children could set the vehicle in
motion if, for example, they:
Rrelease the parking brake.
Rshifting the automatic transmission out of
park position P
RStart the engine.
There is a risk of an accident and injury.
When leaving the vehicle, always take the
SmartKey with you and lock the vehicle. Never
leave children or animals unattended in the
vehicle. Always keep the SmartKey out of
reach of children.
Unlocking and opening doors from
the inside
!
The side windows will not open/close if the
battery is discharged or if the side windows
have iced up. It will then not be possible to
close the door. Do not attempt to force the
door closed. You could otherwise damage the
door or the side window.
78Doors
Opening and closing
Page 83 of 322
XPull the trunk lid down using recess:.
XIf necessary, lock the vehicle with the &
button on the SmartKey (Ypage 73) or with
KEYLESS-GO (Ypage 73).
If a KEYLESS-GO key is detected in the trunk, the
trunk lid cannot be locked and will open again.
Opening automatically from inside
Important safety notes
GWARNING
Combustion engines emit poisonous exhaust
gases such as carbon monoxide. Exhaust
gases can enter the vehicle interior if the
trunk lid is open when the engine is running,
especially if the vehicle is in motion. There is a
risk of poisoning.
Always switch off the engine before opening
the trunk lid. Never drive with the trunk lid
open.
Opening
XPull remote operating switch for trunk lid :
until the trunk lid opens.
You can open the trunk lid from the driver's seat
when the vehicle is stationary and unlocked.
The opening dimensions of the trunk lid can be
found in the "Vehicle data" section
(
Ypage 317).
Locking the trunk separately
You can lock the trunk separately. If you then
unlock the vehicle centrally, the trunk remains
locked and cannot be opened.
XClose the trunk lid.
XTake the mechanical key out of the SmartKey
(Ypage 75).
XInsert the mechanical key into the trunk lid
lock as far as it will go.
XTurn the mechanical key clockwise from posi-
tion 1to position 2.
XRemove the mechanical key.
XInsert the mechanical key into the SmartKey.
Unlocking the trunk (mechanical key)
!
The trunk lid swings upwards when opened.
Therefore, make sure that there is sufficient
clearance above the trunk lid.
If the trunk cannot be unlocked with the Smart-
Key or KEYLESS-GO, use the mechanical key.
If you use the mechanical key to unlock and
open the trunk lid, the anti-theft alarm system
will be triggered. Switch off the alarm
(
Ypage 71).
XTake the mechanical key out of the SmartKey
(Ypage 75).
XInsert the mechanical key into the trunk lid
lock as far as it will go.
Trunk81
Opening and closing
Z
Page 89 of 322
Opening/closing using the SmartKey
Important safety notes
GWARNING
When opening or closing the soft top, there is a risk that parts of the body could become
trapped by moving parts such as the roof
mechanism, the trunk lid, or the side win-
dows. There is a risk of injury.
When opening or closing the roof, make sure
that no parts of the body are in the vicinity of
moving parts. Release the switch if somebody
becomes trapped.
Opening and closing
The SmartKey must be near the door handle.
XTo open: press the %button in the Smart-
Key until the soft top is completely opened.
The Convertible Top in Operation
mes-
sage appears in the multifunction display. The
seat ventilation is switched on. The rear side
windows open.
XTo close: press the&button in the Smart-
Key until the soft top is completely closed.
The Convertible Top in Operation
mes-
sage appears in the multifunction display. The soft top and the side windows close.
Closing the soft top manually
Important safety notes
GWARNING
Closing the soft top manually is a complex,
technically challenging procedure which can
also be physically demanding. You or others
can become trapped. There is a risk of injury.
Where possible, have the soft top closed man-
ually at a qualified specialist workshop.
If the soft top cannot be closed automatically,
check the following points:
Ris the trunk partition engaged (Ypage 91)?
Rare the head restraints on the rear bench
seats extended?
Ris the trunk lid closed?
Ris the on-board voltage sufficient?
Start the engine if necessary.
If automatic operation still does not work, the
soft top can be closed manually.
To carry out this work, you will need the assis-
tance of another person.
Closing the soft top
XApply the parking brake.
XOpen the side windows.
XLower the head restraints automatically
(Ypage 98) or manually (Ypage 98).
XRemove the SmartKey from the ignition lock.
XOpen the trunk.
XTake the two straps out of the vehicle tool kit
(Ypage 270).
XTake the hex-socket wrench out of the Oper-
ator's Manual wallet and keep it with you.
XTurn rotary catch :counter-clockwise and
fold cover ;down.
Soft top87
Opening and closing
Z
Page 93 of 322
iPress the soft-top compartment lid again if
the trunk lid cannot be opened.
!Do not under any circumstances open the
trunk lid with the emergency key. You could
otherwise damage the trunk lid and the soft-
top compartment cover.
Relocking the soft top
Important safety notes
GWARNING
If you do not fully open/close the soft top, the
soft-top hydraulics depressurize after a short
time. This causes the soft top to lower unex-
pectedly and may cause you or others to be
trapped. There is a risk of injury.
Always open or close the soft top completely.
The soft top is not locked if:
Rthe Convertible Top in Operationmes-
sage appears in the multifunction display.
Ryou hear a warning tone for up to ten seconds
when pulling away or while driving.
Locking
You can lock the soft top again if it is not locked
fully.
XPull over and stop the vehicle safely as soon
as possible, paying attention to road and traf-
fic conditions.
XTurn the SmartKey to position 2in the ignition
lock.
XPress the soft-top switch (Ypage 86).
Trunk partition
General notes
!In order to avoid damaging the soft top or
stowed loads, please adhere to the following
while the soft top is open:
Rwhen the trunk partition is open, do not
place any objects in or behind the net on
the side that are too long. These objects could obstruct the trunk partition or cause
damage to the open soft top.
Rmake sure that the cargo does not push the
trunk partition upwards.
The soft top can only be opened when the trunk
partition is closed.
The trunk partition can be used to cover luggage
and loads in the trunk.
Opening and closing
XTo close: pull trunk partition :by the handle
in the direction of the arrow until it rests on
the sides of the trunk.
Trunk partition :finishes closing automati-
cally.
XTo open: push trunk partition :against the
direction of the arrow by the handle.
Trunk partition :finishes opening automat-
ically.
Brackets for the wind screen
GWARNING
If you use the wind screen in darkness or in
other conditions offering poor visibility, your
view to the rear is further impaired. There is a
risk of an accident.
Only use the wind screen when visibility con-
ditions are good.
!Mercedes-Benz recommends that you only
use wind screens which have been tested and
approved for Mercedes-Benz vehicles. This
helps to prevent damage to the vehicle.
!Observe the backrest position of the front
seats if the wind screen is installed, since the
Soft top91
Opening and closing
Z