sensor MERCEDES-BENZ E-Class WAGON 2013 W212 Owner's Manual
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: MERCEDES-BENZ, Model Year: 2013, Model line: E-Class WAGON, Model: MERCEDES-BENZ E-Class WAGON 2013 W212Pages: 420, PDF Size: 14.26 MB
Page 8 of 420
Breakdown
see Flat tire
Bulbs
see Changing bulbs C
California Important notice for retail
customers and lessees ....................23
Calling up a malfunction
see Display messages
Car
see Vehicle
Care
Carpets .......................................... 340
Car wash ........................................ 334
Display ........................................... 338
Exterior lights ................................ 337
Gear or selector lever ....................339
Interior ........................................... 338
Matte finish ................................... 336
Night View Assist Plus ...................338
Notes ............................................. 333
Paint .............................................. 335
Plastic trim .................................... 339
Power washer ................................ 335
Rear view camera .......................... 338
Roof lining ...................................... 340
Seat belt ........................................ 340
Seat cover ..................................... 339
Sensors ......................................... 337
Steering wheel ............................... 339
Tail pipes ....................................... 338
Trim pieces .................................... 339
Washing by hand ........................... 335
Wheels ........................................... 336
Windows ........................................ 336
Wiper blades .................................. 337
Wooden trim .................................. 339
Cargo compartment cover ...............296
Cargo compartment enlargement ...294
Cargo compartment floor .................302
Cargo net Attaching ....................................... 298
Important safety information ......... 298
Cargo tie down rings .........................296
Car wash (care) ................................. 334CD player/CD changer (on-board
computer) ..........................................
234
Center console Lower section .................................. 35
Upper section .................................. 34
Central locking
Automatic locking (on-board
computer) ...................................... 240
Locking/unlocking (SmartKey)
........79
Changing bulbs
High-beam headlamps ...................131
Important safety notes .................. 130
Infrared lamp ................................. 132
Low-beam headlamps .................... 131
Overview of bulb types ..................130
Parking lamps ................................ 132
Standing lamps (front) ...................132
Turn signals (front) ......................... 132
Child-proof locks
Important safety notes .................... 65
Rear doors ....................................... 66
Children
In the vehicle ................................... 60
Restraint systems ............................ 60
Special seat belt retractor ............... 63
Child seat
LATCH-type (ISOFIX) child seat
anchors ............................................ 63
Top Tether ....................................... 64
Cigarette lighter ................................ 309
Cleaning Mirror turn signal ........................... 337
Climate control
Automatic climate control (3-
zone) .............................................. 141
Controlling automatically ...............143
Cooling with air dehumidification ..143
Defrosting the windows ................. 146
Defrosting the windshield .............. 145
Dual-zone automatic climate
control ........................................... 139
Important safety notes .................. 138
Indicator lamp ................................ 143
Information on using 3-zone
automatic climate control .............. 142
Maximum cooling .......................... 146
Notes on using automatic climate
control ........................................... 1406
Index
Page 14 of 420
Emergency lighting ........................
129
Manual control ............................... 129
Overview ........................................ 128
Reading lamp ................................. 128
Setting the brightness of the
ambient lighting (on-board
computer) ...................................... 239J
Jack Storage location ............................ 342
Using ............................................. 386
Jump-start (engine)
see Jump starting (engine)
Jump starting (engine) ...................... 352K
KEYLESS-GO Convenience closing feature ............ 95
Display message
............................ 274
Locking ............................................ 79
Start/Stop button .......................... 154
Starting the engine ........................ 155
Unlocking ......................................... 79
Key positions
KEYLESS-GO .................................. 154
SmartKey ....................................... 153
Kickdown
Driving tips .................................... 165
Manual drive program ....................168
Knee bag .............................................. 45L
Lamps see Warning and indicator lamps
Lane detection (automatic)
see Lane Keeping Assist
Lane Keeping Assist
Activating/deactivating ................. 237
Display message ............................ 263
Function/information .................... 216
Lane Tracking package .....................214
Lap time (RACETIMER) ......................243
LATCH-type (ISOFIX) child seat
anchors ................................................ 63License plate lamp (display
message)
............................................ 255
Light function, active Display message
............................ 256
Lights
Activating/deactivating the
interior lighting delayed switch-off . 240
Active light function .......................126
Automatic headlamp mode ............ 121
Cornering light function .................126
Driving abroad ............................... 120
Fog lamps ...................................... 122
Hazard warning lamps ................... 125
High beam flasher .......................... 125
High-beam headlamps ...................124
Light switch ................................... 120
Low-beam headlamps .................... 122
Parking lamps ................................ 123
Rear fog lamp ................................ 123
Setting the brightness of the
ambient lighting (on-board
computer) ...................................... 239
Standing lamps .............................. 124
Switching Adaptive Highbeam
Assist on/off ................................. 239
Switching the daytime running
lamps on/off (on-board
computer) ...................................... 239
Switching the exterior lighting
delayed switch-off on/off (on-
board computer) ............................ 239
Switching the surround lighting
on/off (on-board computer) ..........239
Turn signals ................................... 124
see Changing bulbs
see Interior lighting
Light sensor (display message) .......257
Loading guidelines ............................288
Locking see Central locking
Locking (doors)
Automatic ........................................ 86
Emergency locking ........................... 86
From inside (central locking
button) ............................................. 85
Locking centrally
see Central locking 12
Index
Page 16 of 420
Notes on breaking-in a new
vehicle
................................................ 152O
Occupant Classification System
(OCS) Faults ............................................... 52
Operation ......................................... 48
System self-test
............................... 50
Occupant safety
Children in the vehicle .....................60
Important safety notes .................... 40
OCS
Faults ............................................... 52
Operation ......................................... 48
System self-test ............................... 50
Odometer
see Trip odometer
Oil
see Engine oil
On-board computer
AMG menu ..................................... 242
Assistance menu ........................... 236
Audio menu ................................... 233
Convenience submenu .................. 241
Displaying a service message ........ 333
Display messages ..........................246
DISTRONIC PLUS ........................... 193
Factory settings submenu ............. 242
Important safety notes .................. 226
Instrument cluster submenu ..........238
Lighting submenu .......................... 239
Menu overview .............................. 230
Message memory .......................... 246
Navigation menu ............................ 232
Operation ....................................... 228
RACETIMER ................................... 243
Service menu ................................. 238
Settings menu ............................... 238
Standard display ............................ 230
Telephone menu ............................ 234
Trip menu ...................................... 230
Vehicle submenu ........................... 240
Video DVD operation ..................... 234
Operating system
see On-board computer
Outside temperature display ...........228Overhead control panel
......................36
Override feature Rear side windows
...........................66 P
Paint code number ............................ 405
Paintwork (cleaning instructions) ...335
Panic alarm .......................................... 40
Panorama roof with power tilt/
sliding panel
Opening/closing .............................. 98
Opening/closing the roller
sunblind ........................................... 98
Problem (malfunction) ...................100
Resetting ......................................... 99
Panorama sliding sunroof
Important safety notes
....................96
Parking ............................................... 175
Important safety notes .................. 175
Parking brake ................................ 176
Position of exterior mirror, front-
passenger side ............................... 115
Rear view camera .......................... 208
see PARKTRONIC
Parking aid
Parking Guidance ........................... 205
see Exterior mirrors
see PARKTRONIC
Parking brake
Display message ............................ 249
Notes/function .............................. 176
Warning lamp ................................. 281
Parking Guidance
Display message ............................ 264
Important safety notes .................. 205
Parking lamps
Switching on/off ........................... 123
Parking lamps (changing bulbs) ......132
PARKTRONIC Deactivating/activating ................. 204
Driving system ............................... 202
Function/notes ............................. 202
Important safety notes .................. 202
Problem (malfunction) ...................205
Range of the sensors ..................... 202
Warning display ............................. 20314
Index
Page 17 of 420
PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF indicator
lamp
...................................................... 48
Pedals ................................................. 178
Plastic hooks ..................................... 295
Plastic trim (cleaning instructions) .
339
Power washers .................................. 335
Power windows see Side windows
PRE-SAFE ®
(anticipatory occupant
protection) Display message ............................ 249
Operation ......................................... 54
PRE-SAFE ®
Brake
Activating/deactivating ................. 237
Display message ............................ 250
Function/notes ................................ 72
Warning lamp ................................. 285
Preventive occupant safety
system
see PRE-SAFE ®
(anticipatory
occupant protection)
Product information ............................22
Program selector button .................. 165
Pulling away Automatic transmission ................. 156Q
Qualified specialist workshop ...........25 R
RACE START (AMG vehicles) .............198
RACETIMER (on-board computer) .... 243
Radar sensor system Activating/deactivating
.................241
Display message ............................ 262
Radiator cover ................................... 329
Radio Selecting a station .........................233
see separate operating instructions
Reading lamp ..................................... 128
Rear axle level control (AMG
adaptive sport suspension
system) .............................................. 200Rear compartment
Setting the airflow ......................... 145
Setting the air vents
...................... 149
Setting the temperature ................ 144
Rear fog lamp
Display message ............................ 256
Switching on/off ........................... 123
Rear seat
Display message ............................ 273
Folding the backrest forwards/
back ............................................... 293
Rear sill protector ............................. 303
Rear view camera Cleaning instructions ..................... 338
Function/notes ............................. 208
Switching on/off ........................... 209
Rear-view mirror
Anti-glare (manual) ........................113
Dipping (automatic) .......................115
Rear window blind ............................ 307
Rear window defroster Problem (malfunction) ...................147
Switching on/off ........................... 147
Rear window wiper
Replacing the wiper blade .............. 134
Switching on/off ........................... 133
Refueling
Fuel gauge ............................... 31, 227
Important safety notes .................. 169
Refueling process .......................... 170
see Fuel
Remote control
Garage door opener .......................320
Programming (garage door
opener) .......................................... 321
Reporting safety defects .................... 26
Reserve (fuel tank) see Fuel
Reserve fuel
Display message ............................ 260
Warning lamp ................................. 282
see Fuel
Residual heat (climate control) ........147
Restraint system see SRS (Supplemental Restraint
System) Index
15
Page 18 of 420
Reverse gear
Engaging (automatic
transmission) ................................. 161
Reversing lamps (display
message) ............................................ 256
Roadside Assistance (breakdown) ....23
Roller sunblind Panorama roof with power tilt/
sliding panel
..................................... 98
Rear side windows ......................... 307
Rear window .................................. 307
Roof carrier ........................................ 303
Roof lining and carpets (cleaning
guidelines) ......................................... 340
Roof load (maximum) ........................414S
Safety Children in the vehicle .....................60
Child restraint systems ....................60
Occupant Classification System
(OCS) ............................................... 48
Safety system
see Driving safety systems
Seat belts
Adjusting the driver's and front-
passenger seat belt .........................58
Adjusting the height ......................... 58
Belt force limiters ............................ 59
center rear-compartment seat ......... 58
Cleaning ......................................... 340
Correct usage .................................. 56
Emergency Tensioning Devices ........ 59
Fastening ......................................... 57
Important safety guidelines .............55
Releasing ......................................... 58
Safety guidelines ............................. 42
Switching belt adjustment on/off
(on-board computer) ...................... 241
Warning lamp ................................. 276
Warning lamp (function) ................... 59
Seats
Adjusting (electrically) ...................104
Adjusting the 4-way lumbar
support .......................................... 108
Adjusting the head restraint .......... 105
Cleaning the cover ......................... 339Correct driver's seat position ........
102
Folding the backrest (rear
compartment) forwards/back .......294
Important safety notes
..................103
Overview ........................................ 103
Seat heating problem .................... 111
Seat ventilation problem ................ 111
Storing settings (memory
function) ........................................ 116
Switching seat heating on/off ....... 110
Switching seat ventilation on/off ..111
Selector lever
Cleaning ......................................... 339
Sensors (cleaning instructions) .......337
Service see ASSYST PLUS
Service menu (on-board computer) . 238
Service products Brake fluid ..................................... 412
Coolant (engine) ............................ 412
DEF special additives .....................410
Engine oil ....................................... 410
Fuel ................................................ 407
Important safety notes .................. 406
Washer fluid ................................... 413
Service work
see ASSYST PLUS
Settings
Factory (on-board computer) ......... 242
On-board computer ....................... 238
Setting the air distribution ...............145
Setting the airflow ............................ 145
SETUP (on-board computer) ............. 243
Short journeys (diesel particle
filter) ................................................... 180
Side impact air bag ............................. 45
Side marker lamp (display
message) ............................................ 256
Side windows Cleaning ......................................... 336
Convenience closing feature ............ 94
Convenience opening feature .......... 94
Important safety information ........... 93
Opening/closing .............................. 93
Problem (malfunction) .....................96
Resetting ......................................... 95
Skibag ................................................ 29116
Index
Page 43 of 420
tamper with electronic components or their
software.
In this section, you will learn the most
important facts about the restraint system
components of the vehicle.
The restraint system consists of:
R seat belts
R child restraint systems
R LATCH-type (ISOFIX) child seat anchors
Additional protection is provided by:
R SRS (Supplemental Restraint System)
R NECK-PRO head restraints
R PRE-SAFE ®
R air bag system components with:
-PASSENGER
AIR BAG OFF indicator lamp
- front-passenger seat with Occupant
Classification System (OCS)
The different air bag systems work
independently of each other. The protective
functions of the system work in conjunction
with each other. Not all air bags are deployed
in an accident.
i See "Children in the vehicle" for
information on infants and children
traveling with you in the vehicle restraint
systems for infants and children
(Y page 60). SRS (Supplemental Restraint System)
Introduction SRS consists of:
R
6 SRS warning lamp
R Air bags
R Air bag control unit with crash sensors
R Emergency Tensioning Devices
R Belt force limiters
SRS reduces the risk of occupants coming
into contact with the vehicle's interior in the
event of an accident. It can also reduce the effect of the forces to which occupants are
subjected during an accident.
SRS warning lamp
G
WARNING
The SRS self-check has detected a
malfunction if the 6 SRS indicator lamp:
R does not light up at all
R does not go out after approximately four
seconds after the engine is started
R lights
up after the engine is started or while
the vehicle is in motion
For your safety, Mercedes-Benz strongly
recommends that you have the system
checked as soon as possible at a qualified
specialist workshop. SRS may otherwise fail
to activate when it is needed in the event of
an accident, which could lead to serious or
fatal injuries. SRS might also be activated
unexpectedly and unnecessarily, which could
also result in injury.
In addition, work carried out improperly on
SRS may render SRS inoperative or cause
unintended air bag deployment. Work on the
SRS system should only be carried out by
qualified specialist personnel. Consult a
qualified specialist workshop.
If it is necessary to modify an air bag system
to accommodate a person with disabilities,
contact an authorized Mercedes-Benz Center
for details. USA only: for further information,
contact our Customer Assistance Center at
1-800-FOR-MERCedes (1-800-367-6372).
SRS functions are checked regularly when
you switch on the ignition and when the
engine is running. Therefore, malfunctions
can be detected in good time.
The 6 SRS warning lamp in the instrument
cluster lights up when the ignition is switched
on. It goes out no later than a few seconds
after the engine is started.
The SRS components are in operational
readiness when the SRS 6 indicator lamp
goes out while the engine is running. Occupant safety
41
Safety Z
Page 47 of 420
high vehicle deceleration in a longitudinal
direction, the front air bags are deployed.
If a child restraint system is installed to the
front-passenger seat and the
4
PASSENGER AIRBAG OFF indicator lamp
does not light up on the center console:
R a child restraint system without
transponders for air bag deactivation
system is installed or
R a child restraint system with transponders
is not properly installed.
Your
vehicle has adaptive, two-stage front air
bags. In the event of a collision, the air bag
control unit evaluates the vehicle
deceleration. In the first deployment stage,
the front air bag is filled with enough
propellant gas to reduce the risk of injuries.
The front air bag is fully deployed if a second
deployment threshold is exceeded within a
few milliseconds.
The deployment of the front-passenger front
air bag is also influenced by the weight
category of the front passenger, which is
determined by the Occupant Classification
System (OCS) ( Y page 48).
The lighter the passenger side occupant, the
higher the vehicle deceleration rate required
(predicted at the start of the impact) for
second-stage inflation of the front-passenger
front air bag. In the second stage, the front
air bags are inflated with the maximum
amount of propellant gas available.
The front air bags are not deployed in
situations where a low impact severity is
predicted. You will then be protected by the
fastened seat belt.
Front-passenger front air bag will only deploy
if:
R the system, based on the OCS weight
sensor readings, has detected that the
front-passenger seat is occupied.
R the 45 indicator lamp on the center
console is not lit (Y page 48).
R the air bag control unit predicts a high
impact severity. Driver's knee bag
Driver's knee bag : deploys under the
steering
column. It is deployed together with
the front air bags. The driver's knee bag is
designed to operate together with the front
air bags in frontal impacts if certain
thresholds are exceeded. The driver's knee
bag operates best in conjunction with
correctly positioned and fastened seat belts.
The driver's knee bag increases protection of
the driver against:
R knee injuries
R thigh injuries
R lower leg injuries
Side impact air bags G
WARNING
Only use seat covers which have been tested
and approved by Mercedes-Benz for your
vehicle
model. Using seat covers or other seat
coverings can cause a malfunction of the side
impact air bags and/or the pelvis air bags.
Contact an authorized Mercedes-Benz Center
for availability. G
WARNING
The pressure sensors for side impact air bag
control are located in the doors. Do not
modify any components of the doors or door
trim panels including, for example, the
addition of door speakers.
Improper repair work on the doors or the
modification
or addition of components to the
doors create a risk of rendering the side Occupant safety
45
Safety
Z
Page 50 of 420
Occupant Classification System
(OCS)
Method of operation G
WARNING
If the 45 indicator lamp illuminates
when an adult or someone larger than a small
individual is in the front passenger seat, have
the front passenger reposition himself or
herself in the seat until the 45
indicator lamp goes out.
In the event of a collision, the air bag control
unit will not allow front passenger front air bag
deployment when the OCS has classified the
front passenger seat occupant as weighing as
much as or less than a typical 12-month-old
child in a standard child restraint or if the front
passenger seat is classified as being empty.
When the OCS senses that the front
passenger seat occupant is classified as
being up to or less than the weight of a typical
12-month-old child in a standard child
restraint, the 45 indicator lamp will
illuminate when the engine is started and
remain illuminated. This indicates that the
front passenger front air bag is deactivated.
When the OCS senses that the front
passenger seat is classified as being empty,
the 45 indicator lamp will illuminate
when the engine is started and remain
illuminated. This indicates that the front
passenger front air bag is deactivated.
When the OCS senses that the front
passenger seat occupant is classified as
being heavier than the weight of a typical 12-
month-old child seated in a standard child
restraint or as being a small individual (such
as a young teenager or a small adult), the
45 indicator lamp will illuminate for
approximately 6 seconds when the engine is
started. Depending on occupant weight
sensor readings from the seat, it will then
remain illuminated or go out. With the
45 indicator lamp illuminated, the
front passenger front air bag is deactivated. With the 45 indicator lamp out, the
front passenger front air bag is activated.
When the OCS senses that the front
passenger seat occupant is classified as an
adult or someone larger than a small
individual, the
45 indicator lamp will
illuminate for approximately six seconds
when the engine is started and then go out.
This indicates that the front passenger front
air bag is activated.
If
the 45 indicator lamp is illuminated,
the front passenger front air bag is
deactivated and will not be deployed.
If the 45 indicator lamp is not
illuminated, the front passenger front air bag
is activated and will be deployed
R in the event of certain frontal impacts
R if the impact exceeds a predetermined
triggering threshold
R independent of the side impact air bag or
pelvis air bag
If the front passenger front air bag is
deployed, the rate of inflation will be
influenced by
R the rate of vehicle deceleration as assessed
by the air bag control unit
R the front passenger's weight category as
identified by the OCS G
WARNING
According to accident statistics, children are
safer when properly restrained on the rear
seats
than on the front-passenger seat. Thus,
we strongly recommend that children be
placed in the rear seats whenever possible.
Regardless of seating position, children 12
years old and under must be seated and
properly secured in an appropriate infant
restraint, toddler restraint, or booster seat
recommended for the size and weight of the
child.
The infant or child restraint must be properly
secured with the vehicle's seat belt, the seat
belt and Top Tether strap, or lower anchors 48
Occupant safety
Safety
Page 52 of 420
If the SmartKey has been removed from the
ignition lock or is in position 0, the
45 indicator lamp
: does not light
up.
The Occupant Classification System (OCS)
categorizes the occupant on the front-
passenger seat using a weight sensor. The
front-passenger front air bag is deactivated
automatically for certain weight categories.
45 indicator lamp : shows you the
current status. If
45 indicator lamp : lights up, the
front-passenger air bag is disabled.
The system does not deactivate:
R the side impact air bag
R the pelvis air bag
R the window curtain air bag
R the Emergency Tensioning Devices
To
be classified correctly, the front passenger
must sit:
R with the seat belt fastened correctly
R in a position that is as upright as possible
with their back against the seat backrest
R with their feet on the floor
The OCS weight sensor reading is affected if
the occupant's weight is transferred, e.g. by
leaning on the armrest.
If the front-passenger seat, the seat cover or
the seat cushion are damaged, have the
necessary repair work carried out at a
qualified specialist workshop.
For safety reasons, Mercedes-Benz
recommends that you only use seat accessories that have been approved by
Mercedes-Benz.
Both the driver and the front passenger
should always observe the
45
indicator lamp to determine whether or not
the front passenger is positioned correctly.
Also observe the air bag display messages,
which appear in the instrument cluster
(Y page 253).
If the driver's air bag deploys, this does not
mean that the front-passenger front air bag
will also deploy.
The OCS may have detected that the seat:
R is empty or occupied by the weight of a
typical child up to twelve months old,
seated in a child restraint system
R is
occupied by a small individual, such as a
young teenager or a small adult
R is occupied by a child in a child restraint
system whose weight is greater than that
of a typical twelve month old child.
These are examples of when the OCS
deactivates the front-passenger front air bag.
Deactivation takes place although the
collision fulfills the criteria for deploying the
driver's air bag.
For further information, see "Air bag display
messages" ( Y page 253).
System self-test G
WARNING
If the 4 5 indicator lamp does not
illuminate,
the system is not functioning. You
must contact an authorized Mercedes-Benz
Center before seating any child on the front
passenger seat. G
WARNING
Never place anything between seat cushion
and
child seat (e.g. a pillow), since it reduces
the effectiveness of the OCS. The underside
and rear side child restraint system must be
placed entirely on the seat cushion and the 50
Occupant safety
Safety
Page 56 of 420
X
Firmly push the NECK-PRO head restraint
cushion back in the direction of arrow =
until the cushion engages.
X Repeat this procedure for the second
NECK-PRO head restraint.
i Resetting the NECK-PRO head restraints
requires a lot of strength. If you have
difficulty resetting the NECK-PRO head
restraints, have this work carried out at a
qualified specialist workshop.
NECK-PRO luxury head restraints NECK-PRO luxury head restraints
X
Remove resetting tool : from the vehicle
document wallet.
X Slide resetting tool : into guide ;
between the NECK-PRO luxury head
restraint and the rear cover of the head
restraint.
X Push resetting tool : downwards until you
hear the head restraint deployment
mechanism engage.
X Pull out resetting tool :.
X Firmly press the NECK-PRO luxury head
restraint cushion back = until it engages.
X Repeat this procedure for the second
NECK-PRO luxury head restraint.
X Put resetting tool : back into the vehicle
document wallet.
i If you have difficulty resetting the NECK-
PRO
luxury head restraints, have this work
carried out at a qualified specialist
workshop. PRE-SAFE
®
system G
WARNING
The PRE-SAFE ®
system reduces the impact of
an accident on vehicle occupants, as long as
their seat belts have been fastened correctly.
Although your vehicle is equipped with a PRE-
SAFE ®
system, the possibility of injury in the
event of an accident cannot be ruled out. You
should therefore always drive carefully and
adapt your driving style to the prevailing road,
weather and traffic conditions. G
WARNING
Make sure that nobody can become trapped
as you adjust the seat.
! Make
sure that there are no objects in the
footwell or behind the seats when resetting
the seats. There is a risk that the seats
and/or the objects could be damaged.
PRE-SAFE ®
takes preemptive measures to
protect occupants in certain hazardous
situations.
PRE-SAFE ®
intervenes:
R if BAS intervenes, e.g. in emergency
braking situations
R if, on vehicles with DISTRONIC PLUS, BAS
PLUS intervenes powerfully
R if, on vehicles with DISTRONIC PLUS, the
radar sensor system detects an imminent
danger of collision in certain situations
R in critical driving situations, e.g. when
physical limits are exceeded and the
vehicle understeers or oversteers severely
PRE-SAFE ®
takes the following measures
depending on the hazardous situation
detected:
R the front seat belts are pre-tensioned.
R the front-passenger seat is adjusted if it is
in an unfavorable position.54
Occupant safety
Safety